CA1073675A - Liquid fuel composition - Google Patents
Liquid fuel compositionInfo
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- CA1073675A CA1073675A CA270,563A CA270563A CA1073675A CA 1073675 A CA1073675 A CA 1073675A CA 270563 A CA270563 A CA 270563A CA 1073675 A CA1073675 A CA 1073675A
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Abstract
ABRIDGEMENT
This application relates to a method for making a precursor fuel composition, a prefuel liquid composition and a fuel composition, as well as the compositions per se. The method for producing a prefuel composition includes the steps of forming a non-homogeneous mixture of carbon, water, and petroleum oil and heating said mixture for a period of time and separating the resulting liquid from the solids of the mixture and burning said liquid in the presence of air for a period of time, and then removing the source of air to extinguish the flame. The prefuel composition is made by taking the thus obtained precursor fuel composition and adding a certain amount of water and petroleum oil thereto to form a homogeneous mixture. The fuel composition of the present invention is produced by adding to an oxidation resistant tank, from ?0% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, and also adding a lower alkyl alcohol to said tank and transferring said prefuel composition (as defined hereinabove) from a separate container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solution, and continuing to add such prefuel composition to said tank until the tank overflows, and recovering thus obtained liquid fuel solution which has overflowed from the top of the tank.
This application relates to a method for making a precursor fuel composition, a prefuel liquid composition and a fuel composition, as well as the compositions per se. The method for producing a prefuel composition includes the steps of forming a non-homogeneous mixture of carbon, water, and petroleum oil and heating said mixture for a period of time and separating the resulting liquid from the solids of the mixture and burning said liquid in the presence of air for a period of time, and then removing the source of air to extinguish the flame. The prefuel composition is made by taking the thus obtained precursor fuel composition and adding a certain amount of water and petroleum oil thereto to form a homogeneous mixture. The fuel composition of the present invention is produced by adding to an oxidation resistant tank, from ?0% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, and also adding a lower alkyl alcohol to said tank and transferring said prefuel composition (as defined hereinabove) from a separate container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solution, and continuing to add such prefuel composition to said tank until the tank overflows, and recovering thus obtained liquid fuel solution which has overflowed from the top of the tank.
Description
The present invention relates to a process for producing a precursor fuel composition which can be used as a fuel per se but also may be used to produce a prefuel composition by mixing said precursor fuel composition with petroleum oil and water, the petroleum oil and water forming a one phase intimate admixture which is, in and of itself, useful for producing energy by burning, for example, to produce steam to generate electricity and the likeO
However, a more important property of the prefuel composition, is to produce a liquid fuel composition which will be hereinafter enumerated.
The precursor fuel composition of the present invention is made, in general, as follows: oil, having a specific gravity of less than 1, water and carbon are placed in a heating zone open to the atmosphere. The two liquids, i.e. the oil and water, form two phases, with the oil lying on top of the water. The carbon, which is preferably coke, is placed so that it contacts both the oil and water phase and is, in general, placed and present in such amounts that it is uniformly mixed throughout the two phases. The non-homogeneous mixture is then heated to such a temperature that the water vaporizes (e.g. from 50 C. or 70 C to 100 C). The vaporized water bubbles through the oil was well as contacting the carbonO This heating continues for a period of time in the heating zone, which is open to the atmosphere to allow the vaporized water and any other vapors produced by the heating, to leave the heating zone and enter the ambient atmosphere. The heating is continued until substantially all of the water is removed and there remains a one-phase li~uid and the solid carbon. The heating, at this point, is then discontinued and there is then mixed with the remaining liquid and carbon a light oil such as kerosene or the like. The liquid mixture is then separated from the solid and is then ignited in another vessel open to the atmosphere. After a period of time, the flame is extinguished by closing the opening to the atmosphere thereby depriving the combustion reaction of oxygen. The liquid .. . . . ..
~ 3~5 remaining from such periodic ignition and extinguishment is the precursor fuel of the present invention and such liquid, hereinafter for brevity will be re~erred to as the precursor fuel.
Such a precursor fuel, as noted, can be used as a fuel per se, but it is prefered if such a precursor fuel is used to produce the prefuel composition of the present invention by mixing from 10~ to 50~, by weight, of the precursor fuel with from 20%
to 70~, by weight, of oil and from 10% to 50%, by weight, of water, such composition being a homogeneous admixture and which, for brevity's sake, will be hereinafter referred to as the prefuel composition, The precursor fuel composition itself, produces about ten thousand British Thermal Units (BTU) per pound. When this pxecursor fueI composition is mixed with a fuel oil (having a BTU
content of about twenty thousand BTUs per pound) and water to form a pre~uel composition, it was found that a one-phase solution resulted which can be burned. For example, a prefuel liquid compo-sition composed of 40%, by weight, of fuel oil, 30%, by weight, of precursor fuel, and 30~, by weight, of water produced approximately 9,3~4 BTUs per pound. It would be expected that such a mixture would only give eleven thousand BTUs per pound since water has a zero value, the precursor would have approximateIy three thousand BTUs ~i.e., one-third o~ a pound~, and the fueI oil would have approximateIy eight thousand BTUs (i.e., ~our pounds). As is apparent, the prefuel composition results in a hiyh saving o ~ossil fuel since it produces more BTUs per pound of ~ossil fuel than fossil fueI per se does.
The liquid fuel composition of the present invention produces even more BTUs per pound of fossil fuel contained therein than does the prefueI composition, and can be burned to form steam~
which in turn, generates electricity. In short, the fuel composition made by the method of the present invention can be used to produce energy by burning in any convenient manner.
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In one particular aspect the present invention provides a method for producing a composition which may be mixed with water and oil to form a uniform admixture as a fuel which comprises: .
placing carbon, water and oil, having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of ;
oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases; :~
heating said-non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature ~ :
of from 50 to 100C to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60~, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the l~quid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and recovering the resulting prefuel liquid composition.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides a method for producin& a liquid fuel composition which comprises:
(a) adding to a container, from 10% to 50%, by weight~
of a precursor fuel, 20% to 70%, by weight, of o:tl and from 10% : .
to 50%, by weight, of water to form a prefuel homogeneous liquid admixture in said container, said precursor fuel bein8 made by placing carbon, water and oil, the oil having a specific .
gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase .
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of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogen~ous mixture to a temperature of from 50C to 100C to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and receiving the resulting liquid precursor fuel;
(b) adding to àn alkali and oxidation resistant tank from 85% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium :~
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereo~, said aqueous solution having a hydrometer reading, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20/4C, and also adding from 40% to 15%, by weight, of lower alkyl alcohol, said aqueous solution and lower alkyl alcohol being added to said alkali and oxidation resistant tank in an amount such that, from 40% to 80% of the volume of the tank is filled with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solutlon;
(c? transferring said prefuel composition from said container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and nqueous solution, nnd continuing to add said prefuel composition to said tank until the top of the tank overflows; and (d) recovering the thus obtained liquid fuel composition which has overflowed from the top of said tank.
~ 3 ~--l~t~ 5 The various amounts of water, oil and carbon (coke in this instance) are not particularly critical and may range as follows: water from 10% to 50~, by weight; coke from 10% to 50%
by weight; and oil from 10% to 50%, by weight. All weights are based on the entire weight of the composition. In a prefered exemplary embodiment, the amounts are approximately 40% water, 30% coke, and 30% oil, which are placed in a cylindrical steel container in which the water is on the bottom and a layer of Bunker C. oil lays on top of the water, the solid coke being in contact with both the water and Bunker C. oil. This non-homogeneous mixture is then heated, at the bottom, to a temperature of 70 C.
to 100 C. (in the prefered exemplary embodiment, approximately 90 C.~, whereby the water vaporizes and bubbles through the Bunker C. oil and mixes therewith, as well as the coke. In order to allow the vapors to escape, the cylindrical steel tank is open to the atmosphere. During the heating, the water and oil expand and heating is continued until substantially all of the water is removed. The length of heating is not particularly critical but is preferably conducted until substantially all of the water is vaporized and has bubbled through the Bunker C. oil and escaped to the atmosphere~ I have found that the precursor fuel composition is satisfactory even if some of the water remains, for example, 30% or less of the water may remain in the composition. Alternatively, heating can continue even after the water is removed. However, this is uneconomical since the prefuel composition will then be driven off and wasted.
In the prefered exemplary embodiment, heating is discontinued until after the water has been substantially vaporized. Then a light oil, such as kerosene, is mixed with the liquid remaining, the amount of kerosene added being anywhere from 20%~ by weight, to as high ~s 60%, bv weight, the prefered amount being approximately 30% to 50%, by weight, based on the weight of the light oil and the composition remaining in the heating zone.
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After such mixing, the liquid is removed from the bottom o the tank by a faucet, or the like, the diameter of the opening of the faucet being preferably less than the size of the coke, thereby usually separating the liquid from the solid coke.
However, the light oil or kerosene can also be mixed after the liquid is separated from the solid coke, there being no criticality in mixing the kerosene with the other liquid in the presence of the coke. Additionallyl it is believed to be self-apparent, that the liquid and solid coke can be separated in any convenient manner.
This liquid, when transferred to another steel cylindrical container having an opening at the top which is provided with a cover, which, when in place, provides an airtight container.
After the liquid composition has been placed in the steel cylindrical container, the composition is ignited in any convenient manner and allowed to burn for a period of anywhere from as little as one-tenth of a minute upwards to two minutes and longex. The cover is then put on the container, making the container airtight, thus~ extinguishing the flame. The same procedure is then repeated, at least once, and up to as many as ten time or more, and the resulting liquid Is then removed. This liquid is the precursor fuel composition mentioned heretofore.
Such precursor fuel composition, as has already been noted, is an excellent fuel by itself. However, it is of much greater value when this composition is mixed with water and oil because the resulting composition renders almost as many BTUs, on a weight basis, as fuel oil itself and/or the oil that is actually added to the prefuel compos~tion.
As has been noted, the prefuel composition of the present invention is made by taking the precursor fuel composition, composed of from 10% to 50%, by weight, of the prefuel composition, from 20% to 70%, by weight, of oil, and from 10% to 50%, by weight of water, and is made by merely mixing said ingredients together -- 10~3~
to form a homogeneous admixture thereo~.
Such a prefuel composition is, as noted, an excellent fuel, in and of itself, but it is prefered, in the instant invention, to utilize said prefuel composition to produce the liquid fuel composition of the present invention. To do so, the prefuel composition is mixed with a lower a.~lkyl alcohol and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and/or sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and/or sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water in an amount sufficient to produce an aqueous solution having a hydro-meter readiny, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20/4 C.
Such an aqueous solution is mixed with the lower alkyl alcohol (preferably methyl or e-thyl alcohol), such that the resulting aqueous solution-alcohol mixture is composed of from approximately 85% to 60% aqueous solution, and from 40% to 15% lower alk~l alcohol, such percentages being by volume.
Such alcohol-aqueous solution mixture is placed in an alkali-oxidation resistant tank (stainless steel) and the amount of alcohol-aqueous solution added to such a tank (which is open at the top~ is such that said alcohol-aqueous solution will fill 60%
to 80% of the volume of the tank. After the filling of the alkali-oxidation resistant tank in the manner indicated, the prefuel composition is added to the tank containing the alcohbl-aqueous solution in such a manner that the prefuel composition will mix with the` alcohol-aqueous solution contained in the tank. The prefuel composition is added until the complete volume of the tank is filled, a-t which time the prefueI composition will compose from 40~ to 20% of the volume of the tank, and the alcohol-aqueous solution will be present in the tank in an amount of from 60% to 80% by volume. Preferably, the mixing and filling of the tank with the prefuel composition will take at least one hour or more, for example, three hours. The maximum length of time is not critical providing, as noted, that such mixing takes place at least for a length of time equal to one hour.
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After the tank is full of the prefuel composition and the alcohol-aqueous solution, more prefuel composition is added such that it also mixes with the alcohol-aqueous solution. Such mixin~
is preferably accomplished by having a hollow tube or pipe running from the container containing the prefuel composition to the tank, the end of the tube or pipe extending at least a third of the way down into the tank from the top, or even further, so that when the prefuel composition is added, it will mix with the alcohol-aqueous solution. There are, of course, other ways to also accomplish the mixing action which will be apparent to those skilled in the art and will not be enumerated in detail in this application.
In any event, after a sufficient amount of prefuel compo-sition is added to the tan~ to fill it, more prefuel composition is added so that the tank overflows. The liquid which overflows i9 the fuel composition of the present invention. Preferably, the fueI composition is recovered by having a second, outer tank around the alkali-o~idation resistant tank, and the fuel composition can be retrieved from said outer tank by merely having a faucet, or the like at the bottom of said outer tank.
It should be noted that after the tank is full, the ~addition of the prefuel composition takes place at the same rate as the initial mixing did. That is, the prefuel composition is added slowly so that it takes at least one hour to add another 20% to 40%
by volume, o said prefuel composition. The maximum amount of fuel composition which can be recovered, and which is useul in the present invention, varies~ a great deal, but in general, such mixing and overflowing can occur until a volume of fuel composition is obtained which is at least equal to the volume of the tank, and often time, more than twice the volume of the tank.
The liquid fuel composition may be burned to produce a high amount of BTUs per pound thereby to generate electricity and the like, said fuel composition producing more BT~s per pound than would be expected from the amount of fossil fuel contained in said fuel composition.
However, a more important property of the prefuel composition, is to produce a liquid fuel composition which will be hereinafter enumerated.
The precursor fuel composition of the present invention is made, in general, as follows: oil, having a specific gravity of less than 1, water and carbon are placed in a heating zone open to the atmosphere. The two liquids, i.e. the oil and water, form two phases, with the oil lying on top of the water. The carbon, which is preferably coke, is placed so that it contacts both the oil and water phase and is, in general, placed and present in such amounts that it is uniformly mixed throughout the two phases. The non-homogeneous mixture is then heated to such a temperature that the water vaporizes (e.g. from 50 C. or 70 C to 100 C). The vaporized water bubbles through the oil was well as contacting the carbonO This heating continues for a period of time in the heating zone, which is open to the atmosphere to allow the vaporized water and any other vapors produced by the heating, to leave the heating zone and enter the ambient atmosphere. The heating is continued until substantially all of the water is removed and there remains a one-phase li~uid and the solid carbon. The heating, at this point, is then discontinued and there is then mixed with the remaining liquid and carbon a light oil such as kerosene or the like. The liquid mixture is then separated from the solid and is then ignited in another vessel open to the atmosphere. After a period of time, the flame is extinguished by closing the opening to the atmosphere thereby depriving the combustion reaction of oxygen. The liquid .. . . . ..
~ 3~5 remaining from such periodic ignition and extinguishment is the precursor fuel of the present invention and such liquid, hereinafter for brevity will be re~erred to as the precursor fuel.
Such a precursor fuel, as noted, can be used as a fuel per se, but it is prefered if such a precursor fuel is used to produce the prefuel composition of the present invention by mixing from 10~ to 50~, by weight, of the precursor fuel with from 20%
to 70~, by weight, of oil and from 10% to 50%, by weight, of water, such composition being a homogeneous admixture and which, for brevity's sake, will be hereinafter referred to as the prefuel composition, The precursor fuel composition itself, produces about ten thousand British Thermal Units (BTU) per pound. When this pxecursor fueI composition is mixed with a fuel oil (having a BTU
content of about twenty thousand BTUs per pound) and water to form a pre~uel composition, it was found that a one-phase solution resulted which can be burned. For example, a prefuel liquid compo-sition composed of 40%, by weight, of fuel oil, 30%, by weight, of precursor fuel, and 30~, by weight, of water produced approximately 9,3~4 BTUs per pound. It would be expected that such a mixture would only give eleven thousand BTUs per pound since water has a zero value, the precursor would have approximateIy three thousand BTUs ~i.e., one-third o~ a pound~, and the fueI oil would have approximateIy eight thousand BTUs (i.e., ~our pounds). As is apparent, the prefuel composition results in a hiyh saving o ~ossil fuel since it produces more BTUs per pound of ~ossil fuel than fossil fueI per se does.
The liquid fuel composition of the present invention produces even more BTUs per pound of fossil fuel contained therein than does the prefueI composition, and can be burned to form steam~
which in turn, generates electricity. In short, the fuel composition made by the method of the present invention can be used to produce energy by burning in any convenient manner.
>
In one particular aspect the present invention provides a method for producing a composition which may be mixed with water and oil to form a uniform admixture as a fuel which comprises: .
placing carbon, water and oil, having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of ;
oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases; :~
heating said-non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature ~ :
of from 50 to 100C to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60~, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the l~quid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and recovering the resulting prefuel liquid composition.
In another particular aspect the present invention provides a method for producin& a liquid fuel composition which comprises:
(a) adding to a container, from 10% to 50%, by weight~
of a precursor fuel, 20% to 70%, by weight, of o:tl and from 10% : .
to 50%, by weight, of water to form a prefuel homogeneous liquid admixture in said container, said precursor fuel bein8 made by placing carbon, water and oil, the oil having a specific .
gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase .
~ ~3 ~
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of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogen~ous mixture to a temperature of from 50C to 100C to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and receiving the resulting liquid precursor fuel;
(b) adding to àn alkali and oxidation resistant tank from 85% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium :~
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereo~, said aqueous solution having a hydrometer reading, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20/4C, and also adding from 40% to 15%, by weight, of lower alkyl alcohol, said aqueous solution and lower alkyl alcohol being added to said alkali and oxidation resistant tank in an amount such that, from 40% to 80% of the volume of the tank is filled with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solutlon;
(c? transferring said prefuel composition from said container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and nqueous solution, nnd continuing to add said prefuel composition to said tank until the top of the tank overflows; and (d) recovering the thus obtained liquid fuel composition which has overflowed from the top of said tank.
~ 3 ~--l~t~ 5 The various amounts of water, oil and carbon (coke in this instance) are not particularly critical and may range as follows: water from 10% to 50~, by weight; coke from 10% to 50%
by weight; and oil from 10% to 50%, by weight. All weights are based on the entire weight of the composition. In a prefered exemplary embodiment, the amounts are approximately 40% water, 30% coke, and 30% oil, which are placed in a cylindrical steel container in which the water is on the bottom and a layer of Bunker C. oil lays on top of the water, the solid coke being in contact with both the water and Bunker C. oil. This non-homogeneous mixture is then heated, at the bottom, to a temperature of 70 C.
to 100 C. (in the prefered exemplary embodiment, approximately 90 C.~, whereby the water vaporizes and bubbles through the Bunker C. oil and mixes therewith, as well as the coke. In order to allow the vapors to escape, the cylindrical steel tank is open to the atmosphere. During the heating, the water and oil expand and heating is continued until substantially all of the water is removed. The length of heating is not particularly critical but is preferably conducted until substantially all of the water is vaporized and has bubbled through the Bunker C. oil and escaped to the atmosphere~ I have found that the precursor fuel composition is satisfactory even if some of the water remains, for example, 30% or less of the water may remain in the composition. Alternatively, heating can continue even after the water is removed. However, this is uneconomical since the prefuel composition will then be driven off and wasted.
In the prefered exemplary embodiment, heating is discontinued until after the water has been substantially vaporized. Then a light oil, such as kerosene, is mixed with the liquid remaining, the amount of kerosene added being anywhere from 20%~ by weight, to as high ~s 60%, bv weight, the prefered amount being approximately 30% to 50%, by weight, based on the weight of the light oil and the composition remaining in the heating zone.
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After such mixing, the liquid is removed from the bottom o the tank by a faucet, or the like, the diameter of the opening of the faucet being preferably less than the size of the coke, thereby usually separating the liquid from the solid coke.
However, the light oil or kerosene can also be mixed after the liquid is separated from the solid coke, there being no criticality in mixing the kerosene with the other liquid in the presence of the coke. Additionallyl it is believed to be self-apparent, that the liquid and solid coke can be separated in any convenient manner.
This liquid, when transferred to another steel cylindrical container having an opening at the top which is provided with a cover, which, when in place, provides an airtight container.
After the liquid composition has been placed in the steel cylindrical container, the composition is ignited in any convenient manner and allowed to burn for a period of anywhere from as little as one-tenth of a minute upwards to two minutes and longex. The cover is then put on the container, making the container airtight, thus~ extinguishing the flame. The same procedure is then repeated, at least once, and up to as many as ten time or more, and the resulting liquid Is then removed. This liquid is the precursor fuel composition mentioned heretofore.
Such precursor fuel composition, as has already been noted, is an excellent fuel by itself. However, it is of much greater value when this composition is mixed with water and oil because the resulting composition renders almost as many BTUs, on a weight basis, as fuel oil itself and/or the oil that is actually added to the prefuel compos~tion.
As has been noted, the prefuel composition of the present invention is made by taking the precursor fuel composition, composed of from 10% to 50%, by weight, of the prefuel composition, from 20% to 70%, by weight, of oil, and from 10% to 50%, by weight of water, and is made by merely mixing said ingredients together -- 10~3~
to form a homogeneous admixture thereo~.
Such a prefuel composition is, as noted, an excellent fuel, in and of itself, but it is prefered, in the instant invention, to utilize said prefuel composition to produce the liquid fuel composition of the present invention. To do so, the prefuel composition is mixed with a lower a.~lkyl alcohol and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and/or sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and/or sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water in an amount sufficient to produce an aqueous solution having a hydro-meter readiny, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20/4 C.
Such an aqueous solution is mixed with the lower alkyl alcohol (preferably methyl or e-thyl alcohol), such that the resulting aqueous solution-alcohol mixture is composed of from approximately 85% to 60% aqueous solution, and from 40% to 15% lower alk~l alcohol, such percentages being by volume.
Such alcohol-aqueous solution mixture is placed in an alkali-oxidation resistant tank (stainless steel) and the amount of alcohol-aqueous solution added to such a tank (which is open at the top~ is such that said alcohol-aqueous solution will fill 60%
to 80% of the volume of the tank. After the filling of the alkali-oxidation resistant tank in the manner indicated, the prefuel composition is added to the tank containing the alcohbl-aqueous solution in such a manner that the prefuel composition will mix with the` alcohol-aqueous solution contained in the tank. The prefuel composition is added until the complete volume of the tank is filled, a-t which time the prefueI composition will compose from 40~ to 20% of the volume of the tank, and the alcohol-aqueous solution will be present in the tank in an amount of from 60% to 80% by volume. Preferably, the mixing and filling of the tank with the prefuel composition will take at least one hour or more, for example, three hours. The maximum length of time is not critical providing, as noted, that such mixing takes place at least for a length of time equal to one hour.
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After the tank is full of the prefuel composition and the alcohol-aqueous solution, more prefuel composition is added such that it also mixes with the alcohol-aqueous solution. Such mixin~
is preferably accomplished by having a hollow tube or pipe running from the container containing the prefuel composition to the tank, the end of the tube or pipe extending at least a third of the way down into the tank from the top, or even further, so that when the prefuel composition is added, it will mix with the alcohol-aqueous solution. There are, of course, other ways to also accomplish the mixing action which will be apparent to those skilled in the art and will not be enumerated in detail in this application.
In any event, after a sufficient amount of prefuel compo-sition is added to the tan~ to fill it, more prefuel composition is added so that the tank overflows. The liquid which overflows i9 the fuel composition of the present invention. Preferably, the fueI composition is recovered by having a second, outer tank around the alkali-o~idation resistant tank, and the fuel composition can be retrieved from said outer tank by merely having a faucet, or the like at the bottom of said outer tank.
It should be noted that after the tank is full, the ~addition of the prefuel composition takes place at the same rate as the initial mixing did. That is, the prefuel composition is added slowly so that it takes at least one hour to add another 20% to 40%
by volume, o said prefuel composition. The maximum amount of fuel composition which can be recovered, and which is useul in the present invention, varies~ a great deal, but in general, such mixing and overflowing can occur until a volume of fuel composition is obtained which is at least equal to the volume of the tank, and often time, more than twice the volume of the tank.
The liquid fuel composition may be burned to produce a high amount of BTUs per pound thereby to generate electricity and the like, said fuel composition producing more BT~s per pound than would be expected from the amount of fossil fuel contained in said fuel composition.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a composition which may be mixed with water and oil to form a uniform admixture as a fuel which comprises:
placing carbon, water and oil, having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature of from 50° to 100° C. to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and recovering the resulting prefuel liquid composition.
placing carbon, water and oil, having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature of from 50° to 100° C. to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and recovering the resulting prefuel liquid composition.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the heating in said heating zone is continued until. at least 30%, by weight, of the water is removed.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the heating is continued in the heating zone until substantially all of the water is removed.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carbon is coke.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the amount of water in the non-homogeneous mixture is from 10% to 50%, by weight, the amount of carbon in the non-homogeneous mixture is from 10% to 50%, by weight, and the amount of oil in the non-homogeneous mixture is from 10% to 50% by weight.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature at which said non-homogeneous mixture is heated is from 70° C. to 100° C.
7. A liquid composition consisting essentially of a homogeneous admixture of from 10% to 50%, by weight, of the composition of claim 6, from 20% to 70%, by weight, of oil, and from 10% to 50% by weight, of water.
8. A method for producing a liquid fuel composition which comprises:
(a) adding to a container, from 10% to 50%, by weight, of a precursor fuel, 20% to 70%, by weight, of oil and from 10%
to 50%, by weight, of water to form a prefuel homogeneous liquid admixture in said container, said precursor fuel being made by placing carbon, water and oil, the oil having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature of from 50°C. to 100°C. to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and receiving the resulting liquid precursor fuel;
(b) adding to an alkali and oxidation resistant tank from 85% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, said aqueous solution having a hydrometer reading, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20°/4° C., and also adding from 40% to 15%, by weight, of lower alkyl alcohol, said aqueous solution and lower alkyl alcohol being added to said alkali and oxidation resistant tank in an amount such that, from 40% to 80% of the volume of the tank is filled with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous. solution;
(c) transferring said prefuel composition from said container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solution, and continuing to add said prefuel composition to said tank until the top of the tank overflows; and (d) recovering the thus obtained liquid fuel composition which has overflowed from the top of said tank.
(a) adding to a container, from 10% to 50%, by weight, of a precursor fuel, 20% to 70%, by weight, of oil and from 10%
to 50%, by weight, of water to form a prefuel homogeneous liquid admixture in said container, said precursor fuel being made by placing carbon, water and oil, the oil having a specific gravity of less than one, into a heating zone having an opening to the atmosphere and forming a non-homogeneous mixture composed of a liquid phase of water and, on top thereof, a liquid phase of oil with coke intermixed in both liquid phases;
heating said non-homogeneous mixture to a temperature of from 50°C. to 100°C. to vaporize the water and bubble the water vapor through, and in intimate contact with the oil;
discontinuing heating and adding from 20% to 60%, by weight, light oil to the remaining liquid in said non-homogeneous mixture to form a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oil and the liquid remaining in said non-homogeneous mixture and separating said uniform mixture of liquids from the solid carbon;
burning said uniform mixture of liquids in the presence of oxygen and extinguishing same by removing the source of oxygen and receiving the resulting liquid precursor fuel;
(b) adding to an alkali and oxidation resistant tank from 85% to 60%, by volume, of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, said aqueous solution having a hydrometer reading, in degrees baume, of from 20 to 30 at 20°/4° C., and also adding from 40% to 15%, by weight, of lower alkyl alcohol, said aqueous solution and lower alkyl alcohol being added to said alkali and oxidation resistant tank in an amount such that, from 40% to 80% of the volume of the tank is filled with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous. solution;
(c) transferring said prefuel composition from said container to said tank so that said prefuel composition mixes with said lower alkyl alcohol and aqueous solution, and continuing to add said prefuel composition to said tank until the top of the tank overflows; and (d) recovering the thus obtained liquid fuel composition which has overflowed from the top of said tank.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the lower alkyl alcohol is a member selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl alcohol.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the prefuel composition is added to said tank at a rate which requires at least one hour to fill said tank and continuing to add said prefuel composition at said rate in an amount not exceeding twice the volume of said tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/654,015 US4088452A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1976-01-30 | Prefuel composition and method |
| US05/735,675 US4088454A (en) | 1976-10-26 | 1976-10-26 | Method for producing a liquid fuel composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1073675A true CA1073675A (en) | 1980-03-18 |
Family
ID=27096640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA270,563A Expired CA1073675A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1977-01-27 | Liquid fuel composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1073675A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-01-27 CA CA270,563A patent/CA1073675A/en not_active Expired
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| MKEX | Expiry |