CA1073624A - Method and an apparatus for distributing a disintegrated material onto a layer forming surface - Google Patents

Abstract

A B S T R A C T

A method and an apparatus for distributing loose fibres or particles onto a moving web in an even layer thereon pre-paratory to production of a non-woven sheet of the fibre or particle material. The material is filled into a container having a generally V-shaped screen bottom extending crosswise over the moving web, and whipping members are rotated in the bottom space so as to whip the material adjacent the interior surface of the screen by a whipping movement causing the fibres or particles to be slung against the screen and the material to move in a flow lengthwise along the bottom surfaces, whereby when suction is applied to the outside of the screen bottom through the web the fibres or particles will get dispensed through the screen and deposited on the web. The combined whipping and slinging of the material contributes to a high capacity of the distribution.

Description

3~2 The present invention relates to a method of distributing loose fibres or particles onto a carrier surface constituted by a carrier web, by illing the fibre or particle material into a con-tainer having a screen wall portion located adja~ent one side of said carrier web7 agitating ~he ma~erial violen~ly and creating an air flow through the material and through the said screen and web by sucking air from the other side of the web so as tQ cause the fibres or particles to gradually penetrate the screen and get deposited in a la~er on the moving carrier webO
0 A method of this type and an apparatus ~or carrying out the method is disclosed in the British Patent Specification No.
1,207,556~ The fibre material is filled into a circular cylindric vat having a plane, perforated bottom constituting the said screen wall portion and located parallel and close to the underlying, moving carrier web~ For the agitation o* the material near the I screen bottom is used a stirring device comprising two vertic~l : rotor shafts mounted in a planek gear arrangement overhead the ' va~ and at their lower ends, ~ust above the screen bottom~ pro-vided with radial~ vertically orienked impeller fins or blades whirling aroun~ in the botkom material layer. Underneath the vat and the moving web is arranged a suct~on box which draws an air . flow through the matexial in the vat and through the screen bot-tom and the web, whereby the disintegra~ed fibr~s near the bottom are drawn out and deposited on the moving weh in a reasonably even layer thereon. 51he web moves the layer to a binding and curing station in whiGh the layer is made into a non-woven sheet makerial : or one of a wide variety of purposesO
~y ~he agitation of the fibre materia}. it is aimed to ensure that the fibres are kept mixed with the air an~ are caused to be o repeatedly rearranged with respect to the a~joining fibres, where-

2 -.
.

~ 2 by they will sooner or later get the opportunity to pass through the fine~ holes in the screen together with the suction airO The degree of rearrangement of the fibres is highest where the blade edge velocity is highest 9 i~e. an effective agitation is obtained in an annular area adjacent the outer blade edge portionsO However, due to the centrifugal forces which tend to blow the material away from this area9 it can be observed that for increasing im-peller speed the dispensing capacity o the apparatus increases only to a certain point 7 whereater it decreases, and in fact the obtainable maximum capacity is not as high as could be desirable.
According to another known method the fibre material is ed to the cylindric space bekween a lying rotating drum and a screen shell, the drum carrying a high number of radially protruding needles which serve to dlsintegrate and rearrange the fibre mate-rial. However, the material tends to be moved rapidly through the said space along with the drum surface, and hereby the velocity of the needles relative to the materlal is not by far as high as the absolute needle velocity~ and the ability of the needles to cause rearrangement o-f the fibres, therefore, and therewith the dispensing capacit~ is correspondingly rela~ively lowO
It is the purpose o this invention to provide a method whereby a high dispensing capacity is achieved in a simple mannerO
According to the invention the mat~rlal in the container is agitated by whipplng it immediately inside the said screen wall port1on. The term "whipping" as used here and in the -following - and in the appended claims is lntended to be indicative of the act of repeatingly moving through the material to be whipped a relatively narrow ~eat member having proportions so as to cause disturbance in the con~iguration of submatters of the material along the moving path of the beat or whip member through the .,

- 3 -~736;2 ~

materlal, without to any substantlal degree causing the material to move in the beating direction, such that the submatters along the moving path of the beat member are vividly separated and dis-placed. When a dry fibrous or otherwise loose material is whipped in this manner in air the flbres or particles are kept in air fluidized condition9 and the whipping involves a high degree of rearrangement of the fibres or particles without iorcing these to move along with the whip or beat members, and consequently the fibres or particles are readily sucked out through the holes in the screen wall portion, whereby a high dispensing capacity is ensured. An increased whipping speed primarily involves an increased rate of rearrangement of the fibres or particles and therewith an increased dispensing capacity within wide limits.
In practice it may be troublesome to effect whipping of the material adjacent all surface portions of the screen wall of the container, but tests have shown that excellent results are ob-tainable if the whipping is effected in spaced areas along the screen wall and the material is caused to be moved; relatively qlowly, from one whupping area to the next~ Once whipped the material remains in its air fluidized condition for some time, and if the whipping is repeated soon thereafter by virtue of the mate-rial being moved to the next whipping station along the screen ; the fibres or particles even in the material flow between the whipping statlons will be readily dispensable through the screen holes.
The said movement of the material from one whipping station to the nex~ and so forth is easily obtainable by means of the whip-ping members themselves, when they are moved in a unidirectional manner adjacent the screen so as to cause a general, relatively slcw material movement therealong. This movement may well be :

- 4 -;

~ 736Z~

rapid, in an absolute sense, but far less rapid ~han the velocity of the whipping members.
The invention further comprises an apparatus for carrying out the described method, as defined in the appended ol~ims and ;~ as described in more detail below.
It should be mentioned already here that a very important aspect of the invention is the provision of ro~ary whip members which rotate in a plane non-parallel to the screen wall portion, whereby the whip members cause the material to be slung against ~` 10 the screen and therewith promo~e the penetration of the fibres or particles through the screen wall~ The agitators may be mounted ~ in a stationary manner, and the fast moving peripheral whip mem-.'J, ber portions may pass closely along a screen area without the remaining member portions, moving with smaller speed, being moved closely along the screen, whereby they might cause the fibre material to flocculate by rolling it rather than whipping it.
' By way of example the lnvention ~ill now be described in ., .
,'~ more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:-Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of an appara-tus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, " .
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional side view o thi~ apparatus~
Flg. 3 is a detail of Figs. 1 and 2 as seen from above9 Fig. 4 i~ a sectional perspective vlew of Fig. 19 Fig. 5 is a view of a modified detail, and Figo 6 is a general view of a modified apparatus according to the invention.
~ Fig. 1 shows an elongated fibre distributor container gene-; rally deslgnated 1 and shaped with half-rounded end portions 2, each of which having a vertical, cylindric upper portion 4 and a downwardly projecting bottom portion 6 of conical shape and a ~; horizontal, half-circular bottom plate 8. The end portions 2 are ,:".
. .

- 5 '':. `
~: . . .
. , . , . ~ .

:

~7362~

.. .
lnterconnected by means of vertical side plates 10 between the upper portions 4, and these parts 2-10 are made of non-perforated metal sheet material. Between the side plates 10 and the end portions 6 and 8 there is mounted a screen as a whole designated 12 and penetratable by fibres and air and being of U-shaped cross section corresponding to the end portions 2, i.e. showing a plane horlzontal bottom screen portion 14 and two slanting screen port-ions 16. The container 1 is supported by means vf columns 18 cross-:; .

wise above a horizontal fibre layer forming web consisting of a finely meshed screen or wire netting 20 which is endlessly drawn .,.
about rollers 22 and driven by means of a drive station (not shown) in the direction shown by an arrow. A suction box 24 having an , .:
exhauster 26 is arranged beneath the screen 12 and the wire net-ting 20 and supported by means of beams 19 connected onto the ~ columns 18. The suction box is closed in the bottom portion and.,;
; the sides and has an upper opening 28 located close to the under~
side of the web 20, sealed thereagainst by means of sealing flanges ... .
` 30. The suction box is in one side provided with a horizontal slide gate 32 having a curved edge portion 34 for controlling the suct-., ,. j lon area, as described in more detail below. At one end portion 4 there is provided a bracket 36 supporting a motor 38, which by means of a chain drive 40 drives four vertical axles 42 running in bearings 44 which are mounted onto cross bares 46 which again are supported at the side plates 10. The axles 42 are arranged in a row in the vertical plane of sy~metri of the container and each provided with three pairs of diametrically opposed and radially ; mounted flat, elongated rotor members 48~ the lengths of which are adapted in such a way that their tip portions during rotation wlll sweep areas of the slanting screens 16 in short distance, and further the lowermost rotor members are arranged just above the :,~
.::
. . .
,....

j:

~L~73G24 . .
bottom screen 14. The lowermost rotor members are situated so as to rotate in a common hori~ontal plane above the bottom screen 14, while the other rotor members are offset and arranged so as to ro~ate in areas partly overlapping each other.
Along its broad sides the container is provided with exterior wall plates 50 which together with the side plates 10 form a sca-venging channel 52 clo~ed at ~he sides by plate members 54. The wall plates 50 and the plate members 54 reach down closely above the netting 20 and confines a generally triangular space between the slanting bottom screen 16 and the netting 20, which space is shielded from the surrounding air except for the upper opening of : "'!:; ~ ~ ' the scavenging channel 52~ The wall plate 50 have a right angular bending at the lower edge forming an air sluice 56 through which the netting can pass carrying a layer of fibres deposited thereon as described below.
In operation the axles 42 are rotated in the same direction ,X~ by which the tips of the rotor members are moved at a velocity in `, the region of 50 meters per second. This speed is suitable for the ;
treating of e~g~ cellulosic fibres, but should be adapted accord-ing to the desired product and may vary within wide limitations.

An airflow is created through the bottom screens 14,16 via the . . .
netting 20, the suction box and out through the exhauster 26. In the same manner air is sucked through the scavenging channels 52.
A disintegrated material e.g. cellulosic fibre pulp is fed to the container through a fibre spreading inlet 58 up to approximately the level of the upper most rotor members and agitated by means of the fast rotating members 48, which will thereby whip violently through the material. By the unidirectional rotation of the rotor members the ibre material is generally thrown against the opposed slanting screen walls 16, whereby the material profile will be ,:,. .
.... .
.".~ . .
- 7 _ . .

1~736:~

somewhat as indicated by a dotted line a in Fig. 2. The material supported by the slanting screen walls is forced by the rotor members 48 to move along the respective walls so as to generally move relatively slowly in a flow around in the container along the sides and ends thereof. The fibres hereby passing the areas swept by the rotor members are ~ividly whipped and rearranged, and they mainta~n their state of being fluidized until with said flow they reach the next whipping area. Thus, the slanting bottom screens 16 and the outer edge portions of the bottom screen 14 are con~inuously being swept by an effectively fluidized current of ~ . .
~ fibres which can thus readily be sucked ~hrough the screens 14,16.
., Having passed theese screens the fibres will follow the suction air and be deposited onto the netting 20 which separates the fibres from the air thus forming a sheet of loose fibre material ~,,( ;; which by the movement of the netting is carried through the sluice 56 for fixation or other desired purposes.
S~me of the fibres are liable to adhere to the inner side of the outer wall 50~54, but are prevented from this by means of the scavenging air flowing down along the inner side of these walls after being oriented in the channel 52. Sucking some air this way ~ .
~; towards the netting implies the advantage that possible areas of smaller thiclcness of the fibre layer on the netting has a ; tendency to be filled so as to show the desired evenness of the sheet of loose fibres, since more air wlll pass through the thinner areas than through the thicker areas, whereby more fibres will be directed from the upper dispersing zone adJacent the screen 16 towards the thinner areas in a concentration higher than generally found above the sheet. In this manner, should the fibres be dis-pensed at an increased rate from the screen portions adJacent the ~; 30 areas swept closely by the tips of the rotor membersl the resulting :"~
:
., ~
~ _ 8 -.:"

~736Z4 uneven distribution of the ibres will thus be counteracted. It will be noted that the longest way of fibre passage from the screen to the netting is from the upper screen portions, i.e. the portions located near the highest speed area of the rotor member tips9 i.e.
the most active areas of fibre dispensing.
iThe~flow of fibre material inside the container is turned at either end sections 2 and thrown around and upwardly along the , ,., I .
~-~ half cones 6 entering the area adjacent the cylindrical end port-ions 4 from where the material is guided by means of guide plate members 60 down again along the lengthwise side portions and so forth. During the turning of the flow of material heavy particles or possible clusters of fibres or other scrap matters wiLl concen-. "
trate in the area above the cone at the periphery, where they may be removed. For this purpose there is provlded a tangential outlet i. . . .
pipe 62 the entrance o which is a horizontal slot partly covered by a slidably mounted plate member 64 for adjusting the height of ;~ the slot so as to control the outlet of e.g. scrap matters. It is ;~ possible to connect the outlet pipe 62 to recycle means in well .:. .
~ known manner.
.... . . .
~ 20 The rotor members 48 may have any of a variety of shapes for -~ carrying out their whipping function, e.8. as shown in Fig. 5~

~ where 4 designates the lower end of the axle 4 shown in the pre-;` vious figures to which there is mounted two horlzontal arm members , ",;
48 similar to the rotor members 48, but at the outer ends being ...
; interconnected by means of two inclined whip memb~rs 49. In this .~,; ~ .
; case the axles 4 should be spaced from each other so as to per~it .~
~ unidirectional rotation. Preferably the rotor members should have ; ~ more or less sharpened front edges, while the rear edges can be flat or even be shaped or provided with flap members so as to en-force an areodynamic turbuLence~ facilitating the fluidizing of , .

, ,' , -- ~ ;
. ~7362~
, the fibres.
The apparatus should not necessarily be provided with three screens 14,16 of equal mesh, since by diligent choice of screen types it is possible to form a sheet of loose fibres consisting of e.8. two outer layers of one type of fibres and a midlayer of another type, the different types of fibres being sorted by means of the chosen types of screens. Tests have shown that the appara-tus is usable even for fibres longer than these normally treated by apparatuses of the type considered.
Fig~ 6 shown a modified embodiment in whicb the agitators are mounted for rotation about horizontal axles. The numerals indi-cating parts in ~he previous figures indicates equivalent means in Fig. 6. The container 1 is furnished with a modifled bottom portion having a screen 15 the cross section of which is U-shaped with a straight bottom portion. Parallel to this there is arranged two horlzontal axles 5 on each of which there ls mounted a set of rotor members 148 arranged so as to rotate by means of the motor drive 38,40, each of the tips of the members 14B sweeping an area close to the screen 15 at a right angle to this. As indicated with rounded tip ends some of the impellers, designated 50, are shaped " .
~ slightly like a porpeller so as to create a general flow of fibres :
longitudinally along the curved sides of the screen 15 in one dirèction along one side and in the opposite dLrection along the other side. Thus~ the impellers serve the combined purpose of whipping the material and moving it around in the container.
A very important feature of the invention, common to both the apparatuses shown in Figs. 4 and 6, is that the impellers are arranged so as to rotate in a p~ane non-parallel to the plane of .:
~ the screens 15,16, the tips being close to these so as to main-,.:;
~ 30 tain a zone of effectively fluidized fibres directed by means of , ., ;.''"~
' ~"
.~
` - 10 -.; : , .

: :~L073~;24 ;....................................................................... :
,"''`

the centrifugal forces towards the screen portions 15,16 generally in the direction iD which the fibres will readily pass the screens~
A feature also common for the two examples is the general flow of disintegrated material along the inner side of the screen portions 15~16 so as to facilitate an even output of fibres through the screens 15,16~
The container 1 should preferably, but not necessarily be covered by a lid sectlon (not shown) of screen material permitting an escape of excess air if the fibres are fed through the fish-tail inlet 58 by means of transport air exceeding the amount of air being sucked via the exhauster 26, but keeping the f$bres within the container.
The amount of fibres in the container 1 is controlled by controlling the rate of input in accordance with the oueput rate so as to maintain a constant profile of the fibre flow along the , , .
~ screens. However, experiments have surprisingly shown that it is ; possible to produce a sheet of evenly distributed fibres without ;~ maintaining said constant profile; it is in fact possible to ,~ , .
, ~ feed the fibres botchwise into the container and still obtain even layers of fibres on the netting until the container is run ~ practically empty, which is an outstanding advantage of the invent-;- ion.
~, The whip members may be of any suitable design, e.g. con-stituted by wire members, and they may be arranged for rotation in any suitable manner sich that the tip portions thereof are :, moved repeatedly towards and away from the screen portion cooperat-j ing with the whip member.

....
. ~j4, ';f ' .;
,s,;:

:~, ,., ~

~ `

;~ '~ . . - : .
~........................................ .
; ~, . .. .

: ~736Z4 ., ~ i .
`~ The slide gate 32 for controlling the suction area may be . ., subdivided into sections as indicated with dotted lines in fig.3.
The sections may then be individually operated so as to ad~ust the shape of the suction area 28 and in this way control pos-sible variations of the thicknass lcross the sheet of loosee~ a fibres,/lf the sheat sh~uld be provided with/longitudinal zone in which the layer of fibres is thicker or thinner, the section or sections beneath the zone should be posi~ioned so as to in-crease or decrease respectivaly the suc~ion area in question.
By continuos operation during a longer period of time parts of the screen may be clogged up or choked by fibres or foreign matters, whereby a thinner zone of the sheet may be produced.
This can be counteracted by means of the individually operable gate sections and may be controlled by automatic means. It will be appreciated that this method of controlling the thickness of a sheet material formed by suction not only is suitable for correcting the uniformity of the cross section of the sheet~
, but also can be used advantageously as a control means for the . thickness of the sheet in general. This thickness control means ,.
may further be used in connections other than that of the pre-sent invention, i.e. where a submatters oE a material is depo-sited on a fonming surface by means of suction.
. . ~
It should be noted~that the slanting screen walls should pre-ferably be provided with the perforations showing free openings as seen in the direction of the centrifugal forces of the rotor ~ .
i members~ thus facilitating the peneration of the fibres through the screen. A minor disadvantage of this would be tha~ some fibres were directed directly towards the inner surface of the :, exterior wall plate 50, so as to build up upon these and give rise to the risk of clumps of articles falling down upon the ~ ., :
`.':.''~
- 12 _ . . : .

~73~Z~
.:
the sheet of fibres, but this risk is counteracted by means of the scavenging current through the channel 52. Another way of overcoming this problem could be the substituting of the wall ; plate 50 by a horizontal roller covering with part of its sur-face the ~rangular space between the screen 16 and the webO
In this way the fibres deposited upon the roller surface can be continuosly removed and the scavenging channel 52 and the sluice 56 may be omitted. . , .

. ~
. ':

.'~, .:''"

.,~ .

. .
,, .

.

.... ..
., .

'' r~.
';,' . ~

'.''' -.

. ': .
.:
~,~; . ' ., ~ . .
. . .
~.' i 1 ~ 13 -~.,x,.,;
,:., . ,' ' ' "' ........ ' ":, ' . -.;' ' ' :

Claims (15)

.
THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A method of distributing loose fibres or particles onto a carrier surface constituted by a moving foraminous carrier web, comprising filling the fibre or particle material into a container having a screen wall portion located adjacent one side of said carrier web, agitating the material violently and creating an air flow through the material and through the said screen and web by sucking air from the other side of the web, so as to cause the fibres or particles to gradually penetrate the screen and deposit in a layer on the moving carrier web, characterized in that the material in the container is agitated by whipping.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the whipping is effected in spaced areas along the screen wall and the material is caused to be moved in a flow, relatively slowly, from one whipping area to the next.

3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that adjacent the screen wall the shipping is effected by moving whip members through the material so as to impart to the material said move-ment along the screen.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the whipping is effected by whip members which are rotated in a plane of rotation intersecting the screen wall portion swept by the peripheral portions of the whip members.

5. An apparatus for depositing and distributing loose fibres on a moved foraminous sheet in accordance with the method claimed in claim 1, comprising a container for the fibre material, said container having means for agitating the material and a screen wall portion located adjacent one side of the foraminous sheet, means being provided for sucking air through said screen wall portion and said sheet from the other side of the sheet, charac-terized in that said agitation means are constituted by fast moving whip members operable to effectively whip the fibre mate-rial immediately adjacent said screen.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the whip members are located at mutually spaced locations along the screen, and that they are adapted so as to impart to the whipped material a relatively slow general movement along the screen.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6 and including a number of rotary agitators mounted with parallel rotation axes and extending generally down into the container, characterized in that the agi-tators are mounted in a stationary row along the screen and pro-vided with thin whip members, the outermost portions of which pass closely along the adjacent portion of the screen and move in a plane of rotation which is non-parallel to the respective said screen portion, all whip members being rotated with uniform direct-ion of rotation.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, in which the whip members project radially from the shafts of the agitators and in which at least some of the whip members of two adjacent agitators are axially offset from each other and mounted so as to rotate in overlapping circular paths.

9. An apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, in which the container is lingish corsswise of said mowing foraminous sheet and provided with one row of said agitators, the container having screen wall portions located at both sides of said row and having rounded non-foraminous ends.

10. An apparatus according to claim 7, in which the screen wall portion is a bottom portion of the container arranged so as to extend generally upwardly-outwardly from a lowermost bottom portion.

11. An apparatus according to claim 10, in which the container is provided with a screen bottom having a lower flat portion located above and parallel with the foraminous sheet and outer inclined side bottom portions, the whip members being arranged so as to form a correspondingly frustro conical pattern.

12. An apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, in which there is arranged a wall member so as to confine a generally triangular space between the inclined screen bottom portion and the fora-minous sheet, said space communicating with air intake means for external air.

13. An apparatus according to claim 7, in which the whip members are constituted by radially projecting rods of flat cross section.

14. An apparatus according to claim 13, in hich the opposed larger surfaces of the rods taper towards each other at least adjacent the leading edges of the rods.

15. An apparatus according to claim 6, in which the agitation means comprise a rotary shaft extending generally along the screen and being provided with radial whip or beat fingers of which at least some are shaped in a propeller blade like manner in order to effect displacement of the whipped material in the axial direction of the said shaft, along the screen.