CA1071544A - Closed loop coalescence device containing coalescence promoting bodies - Google Patents
Closed loop coalescence device containing coalescence promoting bodiesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071544A CA1071544A CA227,875A CA227875A CA1071544A CA 1071544 A CA1071544 A CA 1071544A CA 227875 A CA227875 A CA 227875A CA 1071544 A CA1071544 A CA 1071544A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- bodies
- circuit
- flow
- coalescence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0205—Separation of non-miscible liquids by gas bubbles or moving solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/045—Breaking emulsions with coalescers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus for promoting the separating of components suspended in a liquid by means of coalescence on or between relatively small bodies present in the liquid flow and having a more or less regular surface, such as small spheres or the like, and preferably consisting of a material which is wettable by the coalescing components, characterized in that these bodies are circulated in a closed cycle into which the liquid to be treated is introduced and from which the excess liquid and the components separated from the liquid and/or coales-cing therein are removed in such a manner that the bodies remain in the cycle, the liquid being introduced in the cycle in such a manner that a closed liquid flow is obtained in which the bodies are entrained. In this way, the drawbacks of conventional coal-escence methods and apparatus, when increased coalescence is sought through increased residence time in the apparatus namely low yields or the necessity of increased dimensions of the coal-escence device with reduced flow velocity, or increased flow resistance with increased thickness of the layer of the material producing coalescence, can be reduced.
A method and apparatus for promoting the separating of components suspended in a liquid by means of coalescence on or between relatively small bodies present in the liquid flow and having a more or less regular surface, such as small spheres or the like, and preferably consisting of a material which is wettable by the coalescing components, characterized in that these bodies are circulated in a closed cycle into which the liquid to be treated is introduced and from which the excess liquid and the components separated from the liquid and/or coales-cing therein are removed in such a manner that the bodies remain in the cycle, the liquid being introduced in the cycle in such a manner that a closed liquid flow is obtained in which the bodies are entrained. In this way, the drawbacks of conventional coal-escence methods and apparatus, when increased coalescence is sought through increased residence time in the apparatus namely low yields or the necessity of increased dimensions of the coal-escence device with reduced flow velocity, or increased flow resistance with increased thickness of the layer of the material producing coalescence, can be reduced.
Description
~.~7~
Particles which are suspended in a liquid can be co-alesced by promoting mutual contact between these particles, for instance by forcing the liquid to flow through narrow passages, for instance in a layer of sponge-like material or between tight-ly packed spherical bodies, and preferably there should be a cer-tain adhesion between the suspended particles and the sponge ma-terial or spherical bodies.
- The effect will be better as the residence time in - these passages is longer. This can be obtained, on the one hand, by reducing the flow velocity, but this will lead either to a low yield or to considerable dimensions of the coalescence device. On the other hand the thickness of the layer can be increased, but this will lead to an accordingly increased flow resistance.
The invention provides a method and a device in which substantially spherical bodies are used, but in which the afore-mentioned draw-backs can be avoided. This is obtained by causing these bodies to flow in a closed cycle to which the liquid to be treated is added, and from which the excess liquid with coalesced or already separated components is removed in such a manner that the bodies remain in the cycle, the liquid being introduced into ; this cycle in such a manner that a closed liquid flow is obtained in which the bodies are entrained.
The energy of the liquid injected into the cycle can : be sufficient to obtain the required cyclic movement of the bodies, which will be the case, for instance, if the liquid is supplied from a sufficient height. It is also possible to use a pump for ~ obtaining a sufficient velocity, but then there is a risk that the - suspended components will lead to soiling or wear of the pump.
In a preferred embodiment the cyclic movement is maintained by adding energy to the mixed flow, either by using mechanical means, or by injecting an additional liquid or gas at a suitable velocity to the flow.
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The invention will be elucidated below by reference to a drawing, showing in:
Figure 1 a schematic representation of a basic embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 a simplified representation of a modification of the device of Figure l;
Figure 3 a simplified representation of another basic embo-diment of the invention; and Figures 5 - 8 modifications of the device of Figure 3.
In Figure 1 a device according to the invention is shown in principle, which device comprises a substantially closed circuit formed by a tubular duct 1. In the example shown this duct comprises vertical parts, but it is also possible to use only horizontal parts without changing anything in the operation of the device.
The liquid to be treated is supplied by a duct 2 which is introduced into the duct 1 in a supply chamber 3, and terminates in a substantially coaxial nozzle 4 forming, together with the walls of the supply chamber 3, an injection pump so that, when the liquid is supplied at a sufficient pressure, the liquid already present will be propelled as indicated by arrows.
In the liquid a plurality of relatively small and substantially regularly shaped bodies 5, e.g. small spheres, are present, which bodies consist of a suitable materia] which is not attacked by the liquid to be treated.
The liquid flows together with these spheres from the supply chamber 3 through the duct 1 towards a discharge chamber 6 to which a discharge duct 7 for the liquid is connected. In the chamber 6 a grid 8 is provided which prevents that the spheres 5 are entrained by the liquid flow towards the duct 7. An equili-brium will be obtained so that a part of the liquid will flow through the return branch 1' interconnecting the chambers 6 and 3, ~7~5~L
and the rest is discharged through the duct 7 towards a separa-tion device for separating the suspended component from the li-quid.
In the liquid flow with the spheres 5 entrained there-by the components suspended in the liquid can coalesce, since in the interspaces between these spheres velocity differences will occur so that suspended particles can overtake one another and, thus, can contact each other which may lead to coalescence. More-over the spheres 5 may be wettable by the suspended components so that at the surface of these spheres the coalescence probability will be higher. In this manner the suspended particles can grow to such dimensions that the separation in a separator connected to the duct 7 is improved.
The number of spheres 5 can be increased by supply from a reservoir 9 through a valve 10, and spheres can be removed from the cycle through a duct 11 provided with another valve 12.
In this manner the number of spheres and, thus, the packing den-sity thereof, can be adapted to the circumstances, and spheres which have become too heavy by accumulated lime or the like can be removed and replaced by new spheres.
It is also possible to use porous spheres or spheres with a rough surface so that the impurities or a part of the com-ponents will be deposited on the pores or on the surface irregu-larities. The spheres are, then, to be removed after some time, and can be cleaned or will be destroyed, depending on the fact whether recuperation of the attached substances is of sufficient importance.
The average residence time of the liquid in the cycle depends on the proportion between the liquid supply and the amount of liquid flowing back through the return branch 1', which, of course, depends on the ratio of the flow resistance of both branches of duct 1.
-7~
Figure 2 shows a si~plified representation of a de-vice of this kind in which the cycle is completely included with-in a outer vessel 13 in which a coaxial inner vessel 1~ is dis posed, and the supply nozzle 4 is coaxially disposed inside the inner vessel 1~. The liquid flow is indicated by arrows, and it will be apparent that the operation does not difer from that of the basic construction of Figure 1. The pump action can be im-proved by providing a constriction 15 near the free extremity of - ~he nozzle 4. In Figure 2 and the following figures the bodies 5 have not been indicated for the sake of simplicity.
Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is a further development of the device of Figure 2, and parts corresponding to similar parts shown in Figures 1 and 2 are indicated by the same reference nu-merals.
The device shown in Figure 3 is~ in particular, in-tended for separating oil from water or for similar purposes. This device comprises an outer vessel 13 with a vertical axis, within which a coaxial inner vessel 14 is provided. At the upper side of the vessel 13 a supply 2 for the liquid to bc treated is pro-vided, below which a cap 16 is situa~ed covering the upper side of the passage 17 ~Yithin the inner vessel 1~, so that the liquid supplied at 2 will completely arrive in the passage 18 between the inner vessel 14 and the o--ter vessel 13. At the lower end of the passage 17 a nozzle 19 or a corresponding asse~bly of nozzles is provided which is connected to a conduit 20 for supplying compres-sed air.
At the lower end the inner space of the ~essel 13 is closed by a grid or sieve 8 having meshes which are small enough to retain the spherical bodies present in the passages 17 and 18.
Below the grid 8 a discharge funnel 21 is situated which is connected to an outlet duct 7 for the treated liquid.
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Near the upper side of the passage 18 a grid 22 is provided in the wall through which oil floating on the liquid can flow off towards a discharge 23 which may be provided with means, such a suitable overflow weirs, for separating the oil from entrained water, the water being returned in some suitable manner towards the vessel 13.
The operation of this device is as follows. The air introduced through the nozzle 19 is divided through the liquid in the form of larger or smaller air bubbles. The average specific weight of the liquid in the passage 17 will, therefore, become smaller so that the liquid in the passage 18, in the manner of a liquid manometer, will press the lighter liquid upwards. The lat-ter then flows over the upper rim of the inner vessel 14, and at the enlarged liquid surface of the vessel 13 the air can easily escape. When the vessel 13 is closed at its upper end, an air escape opening 24 will be provided therein. This operation re-sembles that of a so-called bubble or mammoth pump. The deaerated liquid flows downwards again through the passage 18 and will be ~ led upwards again by injection of air. The liquid to be treated ; 20 is supplied at 2, and is uniformly divided over the passage 18 by the cap 16. In this passage the liquid is intimately contacted by the entrained spherical bodies, so that the coalescence effect described above will take place. This is, generally, sufficient for completely separating the oil in the rising flow in the pas-sage 17. Moreover an extraction effect is caused by the rising oil drops in the passages 17 and 18. In correspondence with the liquid supply the excess water is discharged through the duct 7.
The latter duct may, for instance, be turned upwards so as to ob-; tain a static pressure equilibrium so that only the excess is dis-charged. The oil floating upwards can flow off through the grid 22, and is, subsequently, separated from the entrained water by means of an after-separator.
~L~7~
Figure ~ shows a modification of the lower part of the device of Figure 3, which is adapted to the case that the li-~ quid to be treated is heavily polluted, e.g. by a shock-wise oil - charge or by a very high silt content. In the case of a very high oil charge~ in which oil may be collected below the grid 8, a space 25 is provided in which the oil will be collected, which will be removed through a duct 26. In the case of a high silt content, which may lead to clogging of the grid 8, an auxiliary nozzle 27 is provided by means of which compressed air can be in-jected for quickly removing the clogging of the grid 8.
Ihe above-mentioned operation, is, of course, only an example of application of the method according to the inven-tion, to which the invention is not restricted. Such a device can be modified in many ways. For instance the supply may be po-sitioned at the lower, and the outlet at the upper side, and it is also possible to arrange the supply and the outlet at the same side, provided that provisions are made for preventing mixing of the supplied and discharged flows. Purthermore such a device is also suitable for treating other suspensions than oil-water sus-pension.
~igure 5 shows an example of a similar device adapted for suspensions with a component which is heavier than the carrier liquid. Below the grid 8 a collecting vessel 21' for sediment is arranged, and the liquid can be discharged above the level of the sediment through a duct 7. The vessel 21' is, at its lower end, provided with a valve 28 or the like for controlling the removal of the sediment. Of course the outlet 7 can also be provided at the upper side of the device.
If, now, no or no complete separation but only main-ly coalescence takes place, the discharged liquid is to be strip-ped of the coalesced particles in an additional separator. If gas bubbles are suspended in the liquid, the gas will escape at theUpper ~6~i7~4~
side from the liquid, and will flow off together with the air.
Instead of air also another gas or a lîquid can be injected, having a specific mass which is different from that of the liquid to be treated. If such a liquid is heavier than the carrier liquid, it should, of course, be introduced at the upper side. Such an auxiliary medium should be only slightly miscible with the carrier liquid, so that on leaving the passage in which the supply has taken place an easy separation can be obtained.
Instead of the described pump action with the aid of an additional medium with a different specific mass, it is also possible to inject a driving substance so fast that its kinetic energy is sufficient for entraining the carrier liquid to the des-cribed extent. In particular the purified carrier liquid can be used therefor.
Supplying additional driving energy can also take place by providing in at least one of the passages 17 or 18 a me-chanical driving means such as a screw or paddle pump wheel, as will be described below. The injection of an additional driving medium can also take place in the passage 18 instead of in the passage 17, the circulation then taking place in the opposite sense.
Moreover, instead of the coaxial construction of Figure 3, a single partition 14' can be used, as shown in Figure 6, dividing the vessel 13 into ~wo parts, and a~ one side of the partition 14' a space 17' with an upward flow, and at the other side a space 18' with a downward flow are situated.
The residence time of the liquid to be treated in the device is an important factor for the effect to be reached.
; This depends, of course, on the character of the suspension. The residence time can be prolonged by increasing the height of the device. If this is not possible or not desired, a plurality of such devices can be connected in series.
Figure 7 shows a special embodiment of a series con-nection, in which the vessel 13 is divided by means of a number of partitions 14' into a corresponding number of passages 17' and 18', and in suitable points nozzles 19 for introducing the driving medium are provided. An additional bottom 29 delimits a return channel 30 for the bodies entrained by the liquid, which channel is separated by a grid 8' from an outlet chamber 21' for the car-rier liquid, an outlet duct 7 being connected to the latter cham-ber.
In the drawing single nozzles 19 are shown, but, in ; practice, a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed : over the passage 17 will be used in order to obtain a uniform mix-ing of the driving medium with the liquid. In the case of a very dense packing of the circulated bodies it may happen that the in-troduced air will form larger air cushions, but the operation will be the same then.
Although it is, generally, preferred to lead the treated liquid discharged through the outlet 7 towards a separat-ing device, in particular a plate separator, it is also possible to include such a separator in the closed circuit in which the ; bodies are situated.
Figure 8 shows a modification of the device of Figure 3, in which the nozzle 19 is replaced by a rotatable screw pump element 31 for driving the liquid and the bodies 5 in the desired sense. An advantage of such a mechanical driving means is that it increases the packing density of the bodies 5 which can be favourable for obtaining the required coalescence effect.
Such an element can also be used within a device of the type of ; Figure 1, in which case it is only used for increasing the den-sity of the bodies.
It will be clear that the means for adding and/or removing bodies 5 from the cycle shown in Figure 1 can also be used in the case of the other embodiment.
Particles which are suspended in a liquid can be co-alesced by promoting mutual contact between these particles, for instance by forcing the liquid to flow through narrow passages, for instance in a layer of sponge-like material or between tight-ly packed spherical bodies, and preferably there should be a cer-tain adhesion between the suspended particles and the sponge ma-terial or spherical bodies.
- The effect will be better as the residence time in - these passages is longer. This can be obtained, on the one hand, by reducing the flow velocity, but this will lead either to a low yield or to considerable dimensions of the coalescence device. On the other hand the thickness of the layer can be increased, but this will lead to an accordingly increased flow resistance.
The invention provides a method and a device in which substantially spherical bodies are used, but in which the afore-mentioned draw-backs can be avoided. This is obtained by causing these bodies to flow in a closed cycle to which the liquid to be treated is added, and from which the excess liquid with coalesced or already separated components is removed in such a manner that the bodies remain in the cycle, the liquid being introduced into ; this cycle in such a manner that a closed liquid flow is obtained in which the bodies are entrained.
The energy of the liquid injected into the cycle can : be sufficient to obtain the required cyclic movement of the bodies, which will be the case, for instance, if the liquid is supplied from a sufficient height. It is also possible to use a pump for ~ obtaining a sufficient velocity, but then there is a risk that the - suspended components will lead to soiling or wear of the pump.
In a preferred embodiment the cyclic movement is maintained by adding energy to the mixed flow, either by using mechanical means, or by injecting an additional liquid or gas at a suitable velocity to the flow.
.. . .
, ~
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The invention will be elucidated below by reference to a drawing, showing in:
Figure 1 a schematic representation of a basic embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 a simplified representation of a modification of the device of Figure l;
Figure 3 a simplified representation of another basic embo-diment of the invention; and Figures 5 - 8 modifications of the device of Figure 3.
In Figure 1 a device according to the invention is shown in principle, which device comprises a substantially closed circuit formed by a tubular duct 1. In the example shown this duct comprises vertical parts, but it is also possible to use only horizontal parts without changing anything in the operation of the device.
The liquid to be treated is supplied by a duct 2 which is introduced into the duct 1 in a supply chamber 3, and terminates in a substantially coaxial nozzle 4 forming, together with the walls of the supply chamber 3, an injection pump so that, when the liquid is supplied at a sufficient pressure, the liquid already present will be propelled as indicated by arrows.
In the liquid a plurality of relatively small and substantially regularly shaped bodies 5, e.g. small spheres, are present, which bodies consist of a suitable materia] which is not attacked by the liquid to be treated.
The liquid flows together with these spheres from the supply chamber 3 through the duct 1 towards a discharge chamber 6 to which a discharge duct 7 for the liquid is connected. In the chamber 6 a grid 8 is provided which prevents that the spheres 5 are entrained by the liquid flow towards the duct 7. An equili-brium will be obtained so that a part of the liquid will flow through the return branch 1' interconnecting the chambers 6 and 3, ~7~5~L
and the rest is discharged through the duct 7 towards a separa-tion device for separating the suspended component from the li-quid.
In the liquid flow with the spheres 5 entrained there-by the components suspended in the liquid can coalesce, since in the interspaces between these spheres velocity differences will occur so that suspended particles can overtake one another and, thus, can contact each other which may lead to coalescence. More-over the spheres 5 may be wettable by the suspended components so that at the surface of these spheres the coalescence probability will be higher. In this manner the suspended particles can grow to such dimensions that the separation in a separator connected to the duct 7 is improved.
The number of spheres 5 can be increased by supply from a reservoir 9 through a valve 10, and spheres can be removed from the cycle through a duct 11 provided with another valve 12.
In this manner the number of spheres and, thus, the packing den-sity thereof, can be adapted to the circumstances, and spheres which have become too heavy by accumulated lime or the like can be removed and replaced by new spheres.
It is also possible to use porous spheres or spheres with a rough surface so that the impurities or a part of the com-ponents will be deposited on the pores or on the surface irregu-larities. The spheres are, then, to be removed after some time, and can be cleaned or will be destroyed, depending on the fact whether recuperation of the attached substances is of sufficient importance.
The average residence time of the liquid in the cycle depends on the proportion between the liquid supply and the amount of liquid flowing back through the return branch 1', which, of course, depends on the ratio of the flow resistance of both branches of duct 1.
-7~
Figure 2 shows a si~plified representation of a de-vice of this kind in which the cycle is completely included with-in a outer vessel 13 in which a coaxial inner vessel 1~ is dis posed, and the supply nozzle 4 is coaxially disposed inside the inner vessel 1~. The liquid flow is indicated by arrows, and it will be apparent that the operation does not difer from that of the basic construction of Figure 1. The pump action can be im-proved by providing a constriction 15 near the free extremity of - ~he nozzle 4. In Figure 2 and the following figures the bodies 5 have not been indicated for the sake of simplicity.
Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is a further development of the device of Figure 2, and parts corresponding to similar parts shown in Figures 1 and 2 are indicated by the same reference nu-merals.
The device shown in Figure 3 is~ in particular, in-tended for separating oil from water or for similar purposes. This device comprises an outer vessel 13 with a vertical axis, within which a coaxial inner vessel 14 is provided. At the upper side of the vessel 13 a supply 2 for the liquid to bc treated is pro-vided, below which a cap 16 is situa~ed covering the upper side of the passage 17 ~Yithin the inner vessel 1~, so that the liquid supplied at 2 will completely arrive in the passage 18 between the inner vessel 14 and the o--ter vessel 13. At the lower end of the passage 17 a nozzle 19 or a corresponding asse~bly of nozzles is provided which is connected to a conduit 20 for supplying compres-sed air.
At the lower end the inner space of the ~essel 13 is closed by a grid or sieve 8 having meshes which are small enough to retain the spherical bodies present in the passages 17 and 18.
Below the grid 8 a discharge funnel 21 is situated which is connected to an outlet duct 7 for the treated liquid.
~7~L5~L
Near the upper side of the passage 18 a grid 22 is provided in the wall through which oil floating on the liquid can flow off towards a discharge 23 which may be provided with means, such a suitable overflow weirs, for separating the oil from entrained water, the water being returned in some suitable manner towards the vessel 13.
The operation of this device is as follows. The air introduced through the nozzle 19 is divided through the liquid in the form of larger or smaller air bubbles. The average specific weight of the liquid in the passage 17 will, therefore, become smaller so that the liquid in the passage 18, in the manner of a liquid manometer, will press the lighter liquid upwards. The lat-ter then flows over the upper rim of the inner vessel 14, and at the enlarged liquid surface of the vessel 13 the air can easily escape. When the vessel 13 is closed at its upper end, an air escape opening 24 will be provided therein. This operation re-sembles that of a so-called bubble or mammoth pump. The deaerated liquid flows downwards again through the passage 18 and will be ~ led upwards again by injection of air. The liquid to be treated ; 20 is supplied at 2, and is uniformly divided over the passage 18 by the cap 16. In this passage the liquid is intimately contacted by the entrained spherical bodies, so that the coalescence effect described above will take place. This is, generally, sufficient for completely separating the oil in the rising flow in the pas-sage 17. Moreover an extraction effect is caused by the rising oil drops in the passages 17 and 18. In correspondence with the liquid supply the excess water is discharged through the duct 7.
The latter duct may, for instance, be turned upwards so as to ob-; tain a static pressure equilibrium so that only the excess is dis-charged. The oil floating upwards can flow off through the grid 22, and is, subsequently, separated from the entrained water by means of an after-separator.
~L~7~
Figure ~ shows a modification of the lower part of the device of Figure 3, which is adapted to the case that the li-~ quid to be treated is heavily polluted, e.g. by a shock-wise oil - charge or by a very high silt content. In the case of a very high oil charge~ in which oil may be collected below the grid 8, a space 25 is provided in which the oil will be collected, which will be removed through a duct 26. In the case of a high silt content, which may lead to clogging of the grid 8, an auxiliary nozzle 27 is provided by means of which compressed air can be in-jected for quickly removing the clogging of the grid 8.
Ihe above-mentioned operation, is, of course, only an example of application of the method according to the inven-tion, to which the invention is not restricted. Such a device can be modified in many ways. For instance the supply may be po-sitioned at the lower, and the outlet at the upper side, and it is also possible to arrange the supply and the outlet at the same side, provided that provisions are made for preventing mixing of the supplied and discharged flows. Purthermore such a device is also suitable for treating other suspensions than oil-water sus-pension.
~igure 5 shows an example of a similar device adapted for suspensions with a component which is heavier than the carrier liquid. Below the grid 8 a collecting vessel 21' for sediment is arranged, and the liquid can be discharged above the level of the sediment through a duct 7. The vessel 21' is, at its lower end, provided with a valve 28 or the like for controlling the removal of the sediment. Of course the outlet 7 can also be provided at the upper side of the device.
If, now, no or no complete separation but only main-ly coalescence takes place, the discharged liquid is to be strip-ped of the coalesced particles in an additional separator. If gas bubbles are suspended in the liquid, the gas will escape at theUpper ~6~i7~4~
side from the liquid, and will flow off together with the air.
Instead of air also another gas or a lîquid can be injected, having a specific mass which is different from that of the liquid to be treated. If such a liquid is heavier than the carrier liquid, it should, of course, be introduced at the upper side. Such an auxiliary medium should be only slightly miscible with the carrier liquid, so that on leaving the passage in which the supply has taken place an easy separation can be obtained.
Instead of the described pump action with the aid of an additional medium with a different specific mass, it is also possible to inject a driving substance so fast that its kinetic energy is sufficient for entraining the carrier liquid to the des-cribed extent. In particular the purified carrier liquid can be used therefor.
Supplying additional driving energy can also take place by providing in at least one of the passages 17 or 18 a me-chanical driving means such as a screw or paddle pump wheel, as will be described below. The injection of an additional driving medium can also take place in the passage 18 instead of in the passage 17, the circulation then taking place in the opposite sense.
Moreover, instead of the coaxial construction of Figure 3, a single partition 14' can be used, as shown in Figure 6, dividing the vessel 13 into ~wo parts, and a~ one side of the partition 14' a space 17' with an upward flow, and at the other side a space 18' with a downward flow are situated.
The residence time of the liquid to be treated in the device is an important factor for the effect to be reached.
; This depends, of course, on the character of the suspension. The residence time can be prolonged by increasing the height of the device. If this is not possible or not desired, a plurality of such devices can be connected in series.
Figure 7 shows a special embodiment of a series con-nection, in which the vessel 13 is divided by means of a number of partitions 14' into a corresponding number of passages 17' and 18', and in suitable points nozzles 19 for introducing the driving medium are provided. An additional bottom 29 delimits a return channel 30 for the bodies entrained by the liquid, which channel is separated by a grid 8' from an outlet chamber 21' for the car-rier liquid, an outlet duct 7 being connected to the latter cham-ber.
In the drawing single nozzles 19 are shown, but, in ; practice, a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly distributed : over the passage 17 will be used in order to obtain a uniform mix-ing of the driving medium with the liquid. In the case of a very dense packing of the circulated bodies it may happen that the in-troduced air will form larger air cushions, but the operation will be the same then.
Although it is, generally, preferred to lead the treated liquid discharged through the outlet 7 towards a separat-ing device, in particular a plate separator, it is also possible to include such a separator in the closed circuit in which the ; bodies are situated.
Figure 8 shows a modification of the device of Figure 3, in which the nozzle 19 is replaced by a rotatable screw pump element 31 for driving the liquid and the bodies 5 in the desired sense. An advantage of such a mechanical driving means is that it increases the packing density of the bodies 5 which can be favourable for obtaining the required coalescence effect.
Such an element can also be used within a device of the type of ; Figure 1, in which case it is only used for increasing the den-sity of the bodies.
It will be clear that the means for adding and/or removing bodies 5 from the cycle shown in Figure 1 can also be used in the case of the other embodiment.
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of promoting the separation of a component suspended in a liquid from the liquid by coalescence using a densely packed mass of small bodies having a generally regular surface, the method comprising circulating the bodies in a circuit closed with respect to said small bodies in which liquid to be treated is introduced and from which treated liquid and coalesced components are removed, the bodies being restrained by mesh means from leaving the circuit with the treated liquid and coalesced components and being entrained in a cyclic flow of the liquid and in the same direction and flow sense as the liquid.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein energy is provided by injecting an auxiliary drive fluid into the cycle.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the drive fluid is a liquid.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the drive fluid is a part of the removed liquid after separation of the component therefrom.
5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the drive fluid is a gas.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein energy is imparted to the mixed flow of liquid and bodies by mechanical means.
7. A device for effecting a method according to claim 1, comprising a circuit closed with respect to small bodies within the circuit, having imperforate walls, a supply duct for feeding a liquid to be treated into this circuit, drive means for imparting flow in one sense through the circuit to the liquid in this circuit and to a densely packed mass of said small bodies therein, an outlet for removing liquid remote from the liquid supply, and mesh means across the liquid outlet for keeping the bodies within the circuit.
8. A device according to claim 7, wherein the drive means comprises a nozzle in fluid communication with the circuit for injecting a drive fluid into the liquid.
9. A device according to claim 8, wherein the nozzle is a fluid communication with means for supplying liquid to the circuit.
10. A device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the vicinity of the nozzle, the circuit is defined by a wall or walls, the wall or walls being of a shape to form an injection pump with the nozzle.
11. A device according to claim 8, in which the circuit comprises a plurality of substantially similiar mixed liquid and small body flow passages interconnected in series.
12. A device according to claim 11, in which the circuit includes a connecting channel between the first and last passages of the said plurality of passages for returning bodies from the last passage to the first passage.
13. A device according to claim 11 in which each of said similiar passages is provided with a nozzle.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7407101A NL7407101A (en) | 1974-05-28 | 1974-05-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROMOTING THE SEPARATION OF CONSTITUENTS SUSPENDED IN A LIQUID. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071544A true CA1071544A (en) | 1980-02-12 |
Family
ID=19821443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,875A Expired CA1071544A (en) | 1974-05-28 | 1975-05-27 | Closed loop coalescence device containing coalescence promoting bodies |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS515270A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR210080A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7503295A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1071544A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH614387A5 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK230675A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES437931A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI751452A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1041735B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO751876L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7505883L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA753034B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0675649B2 (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1994-09-28 | 荏原インフイルコ株式会社 | Circulating fluidized bed equipment |
-
1975
- 1975-05-12 ZA ZA00753034A patent/ZA753034B/en unknown
- 1975-05-16 FI FI751452A patent/FI751452A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-05-22 AR AR258918A patent/AR210080A1/en active
- 1975-05-23 CH CH664875A patent/CH614387A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-23 SE SE7505883A patent/SE7505883L/en unknown
- 1975-05-26 ES ES437931A patent/ES437931A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-26 DK DK230675A patent/DK230675A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-05-26 BR BR4215/75A patent/BR7503295A/en unknown
- 1975-05-27 CA CA227,875A patent/CA1071544A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-27 NO NO751876A patent/NO751876L/no unknown
- 1975-05-28 JP JP50063108A patent/JPS515270A/ja active Pending
- 1975-05-28 IT IT84132/75A patent/IT1041735B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR210080A1 (en) | 1977-06-30 |
| JPS515270A (en) | 1976-01-16 |
| CH614387A5 (en) | 1979-11-30 |
| FI751452A (en) | 1975-11-29 |
| NO751876L (en) | 1975-12-01 |
| ES437931A1 (en) | 1977-01-01 |
| SE7505883L (en) | 1975-12-01 |
| DK230675A (en) | 1975-11-29 |
| BR7503295A (en) | 1976-04-27 |
| ZA753034B (en) | 1976-12-29 |
| IT1041735B (en) | 1980-01-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |