CA1070439A - X-ray examining device - Google Patents
X-ray examining deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1070439A CA1070439A CA263,509A CA263509A CA1070439A CA 1070439 A CA1070439 A CA 1070439A CA 263509 A CA263509 A CA 263509A CA 1070439 A CA1070439 A CA 1070439A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- laminations
- aperture
- optical axis
- ray
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dithiopyr Chemical compound CSC(=O)C1=C(C(F)F)N=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(=O)SC)=C1CC(C)C YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
- A61B6/4225—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector using image intensifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/06—Diaphragms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
An X-ray examining device comprises an aperture consisting of sector-like laminations instead of a commonly used iris aperture. The laminations are rotatable about axes perpendicularly to the main axis of the beam to be stopped, and the sides of the lamina-tions are adapted to the optical system so that proper imaging is maintained also in the case of a comparatively small passage opening of the aperture.
An X-ray examining device comprises an aperture consisting of sector-like laminations instead of a commonly used iris aperture. The laminations are rotatable about axes perpendicularly to the main axis of the beam to be stopped, and the sides of the lamina-tions are adapted to the optical system so that proper imaging is maintained also in the case of a comparatively small passage opening of the aperture.
Description
~he invention relates to an X-ray examining device, comprising a radiation SQurce, an X-ray image intensifier tube, an optical system, a recording device and a beam stopping aperture which is arranged between the ima~e intensifier and the recording device.
In known devices of this kind, use is often made of an iris aperture which controls t~e luminous flux admitted to a recording device in the form of a television camera tube. The generally non-linear action of such an aperture is a drawback. Moreover, when a comparatively small aperture is used, image formation is disturbed. In modern X-ray examining apparatus, moreover, increasingly severe requirements for setting speed of the aperture are imposed. It is increasingly difficult for prior art apertures to satisfy these more stringent re~uirements.
The invention has for its object to provide an X-ray examining device comprising an aperture which allows, fast luminous flux control and in which the said drawbacks are eliminated while maintaining a small dimen-sion measured in the direction of the beam path. An X-ray examining device in accordance with the invention comprises an aperture having a number of sector-like elements which are rotatable about axes which are oriented substantially perpendicularly to the optical axis.
By rotation of the sector-like element~, starting from a closed condition, a star-shaped passage for the image beam is produced. By a suitable choice of the shape of mutually adjoining ends of the laminations, it is possible to choose the shape of the passaqe and the variation thereof as a function of the rotation of the laminations. Moreover, the shape of the laminations can be adapted to the shape of adjoining optical elements of the image-forming device.
According to the ~roadest aspect of the invention, there is pro-vided, in an X-ray examining device comprising an X-ray source; an X-ray image intensifier tube disposed to receive radiation from said source which functions to produce optical image radiation in response thereto; optical system means, having an optical axis, for conducting said image radiation to recording means and a beam stopping aperture disposed about said optical
In known devices of this kind, use is often made of an iris aperture which controls t~e luminous flux admitted to a recording device in the form of a television camera tube. The generally non-linear action of such an aperture is a drawback. Moreover, when a comparatively small aperture is used, image formation is disturbed. In modern X-ray examining apparatus, moreover, increasingly severe requirements for setting speed of the aperture are imposed. It is increasingly difficult for prior art apertures to satisfy these more stringent re~uirements.
The invention has for its object to provide an X-ray examining device comprising an aperture which allows, fast luminous flux control and in which the said drawbacks are eliminated while maintaining a small dimen-sion measured in the direction of the beam path. An X-ray examining device in accordance with the invention comprises an aperture having a number of sector-like elements which are rotatable about axes which are oriented substantially perpendicularly to the optical axis.
By rotation of the sector-like element~, starting from a closed condition, a star-shaped passage for the image beam is produced. By a suitable choice of the shape of mutually adjoining ends of the laminations, it is possible to choose the shape of the passaqe and the variation thereof as a function of the rotation of the laminations. Moreover, the shape of the laminations can be adapted to the shape of adjoining optical elements of the image-forming device.
According to the ~roadest aspect of the invention, there is pro-vided, in an X-ray examining device comprising an X-ray source; an X-ray image intensifier tube disposed to receive radiation from said source which functions to produce optical image radiation in response thereto; optical system means, having an optical axis, for conducting said image radiation to recording means and a beam stopping aperture disposed about said optical
-2-axis between said intensifier tube and said recording means; the Lmprovement wherein said aperture comprises a plurality of sector-like l~;nations, ~ymmetrically disposed abouc said optical axis, each of said laminations being rotatable about separate axes which intersect said optical axis in a direction perpendicular thereto.
Some preferred embodiments in accordance with the invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the diagrammatic drawing.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an X-ray examining device in accordance with the invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views of a preferred embodiment of an apertuxe in accordance with the invention, viewed in two different directions.
Figure 1 shows an X-ray source 1, a cathode 2, an anode 3 and a radiation window 4 of an X-ray examining device. An object 7 is irradiated by an X-ray beam 6 and an X-ray shadow image is projected on an X-ray image intensifier tube 8. m e X-ray ~eam to be used for the image formation is intercepted in an entrance screen 9 in the image intensifier tube and is converted into an electron beam 11 which i8 converted into a radiation beam 13 whose wavelength is preferably situated in or near the visible spectral range in an exit screen 12. In this case the exit window is coupled to an optical system which comprises a first lens system 14, also referred to as the basic objective, and a second lens system 16, also referred to as a camera lens, wherebetween a semi-transparent or at least partly transparent mirror 17 is arranged. me mirror 17 splits the light beam 13 into two sub-beams 18 and 19. The part 18 is applied, ~or example, to a film or cassette camera 21 for recording images. m e part 19 is applied to a target 22 of a tPlevision camera tube 23. A signal derived from the television camera tube can be displayed for direct visual observation on a monitor 24 or can ~e applied, for example, to a magnetic recording device 26 for electronic reading out. ~he ima~e recorded in the form of a television signal can also be displayed on the monitor.
~etween the semi-transparent mirror and the television camera tube ~o76)439 there is arranged an aperture 25 whereby the luminous flux to the camera tube can be controlled between comparatively wide limits. For imaging it is advantageous to minimize the dimension of this aperture in the direction of the beam, otherwise an additional ~ignetting effect occurs in the image-formation. Use is often made of an automatically adjustable iris aperture which is adjusted for a large passage opening during fluroscopy for visual observation, where use is made of a comparatively small X-ray beam energy, while during the exposure, during which a comparatively high X-ray beam energy is used for a brief period of time, an automatic change-over to a small passage opening takes place and vice versa.
Figures 2 and 3 show aperture 25 in accordance with the invention which consists of sector-like laminations 31. Each of these, for example, twelve laminations, is connected to a rotary shaft 32 so that the lamination can be rotated. me rotary shafts have a common point 33 which is situated on the optical axis 34 of the imaging system, all rotary shafts being directed perpendicular to the optical axis 34. In the closed condition, shown in Figure 2, the aperture is fully closed. This closed condition may be obtained with re certainty by making the laminations overlap. On the other hand, a minimal passage may be obtained in the closed condition by providing cut-outs in the laminations. The laminations are opened and closed by cams 35 which form the ends of drive shafts 36 which are rigidly connected to the laminations. Figure 3 shows a lamination in the open condition, viewed in a direction transverse to the optical axis 34. The drive can be realized, for example, by means of a ring 37 which is connected to the cams by way of a screw connection 38. In order to keep the laminations in position during rotation, use is preferably made of guide cams 39 which are also rigidly connected to the laminations and which comprise a convex end 41 which is guided through a slot 42 provided in a ring 43. ln an embodiment which is adapted to the X-ray examining device, the cams 35 are driven by means of an electric motor whereby the aperture can be simply, automatically adjusted as in known embodiments.
In the open condition the plane of the lamination is directed parallel to the optical axis. In a preferred embodiment, the edges of the laminations which face an ad]oining lens of the system are adapted to the shape (i.e. the radius of curvature) of the lens so that they are concave.
This i9 denoted by a broken line 46 in Figure 3.
In a further preferred embodiment, the limits of the laminations are shaped as indicated in Figure 2 by a broken line 47. The limit of the lamination i5 chosen so that the shielding of the liqht beam in radial ~ones is as advantageous as possible for the image formation.
Some preferred embodiments in accordance with the invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the diagrammatic drawing.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an X-ray examining device in accordance with the invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views of a preferred embodiment of an apertuxe in accordance with the invention, viewed in two different directions.
Figure 1 shows an X-ray source 1, a cathode 2, an anode 3 and a radiation window 4 of an X-ray examining device. An object 7 is irradiated by an X-ray beam 6 and an X-ray shadow image is projected on an X-ray image intensifier tube 8. m e X-ray ~eam to be used for the image formation is intercepted in an entrance screen 9 in the image intensifier tube and is converted into an electron beam 11 which i8 converted into a radiation beam 13 whose wavelength is preferably situated in or near the visible spectral range in an exit screen 12. In this case the exit window is coupled to an optical system which comprises a first lens system 14, also referred to as the basic objective, and a second lens system 16, also referred to as a camera lens, wherebetween a semi-transparent or at least partly transparent mirror 17 is arranged. me mirror 17 splits the light beam 13 into two sub-beams 18 and 19. The part 18 is applied, ~or example, to a film or cassette camera 21 for recording images. m e part 19 is applied to a target 22 of a tPlevision camera tube 23. A signal derived from the television camera tube can be displayed for direct visual observation on a monitor 24 or can ~e applied, for example, to a magnetic recording device 26 for electronic reading out. ~he ima~e recorded in the form of a television signal can also be displayed on the monitor.
~etween the semi-transparent mirror and the television camera tube ~o76)439 there is arranged an aperture 25 whereby the luminous flux to the camera tube can be controlled between comparatively wide limits. For imaging it is advantageous to minimize the dimension of this aperture in the direction of the beam, otherwise an additional ~ignetting effect occurs in the image-formation. Use is often made of an automatically adjustable iris aperture which is adjusted for a large passage opening during fluroscopy for visual observation, where use is made of a comparatively small X-ray beam energy, while during the exposure, during which a comparatively high X-ray beam energy is used for a brief period of time, an automatic change-over to a small passage opening takes place and vice versa.
Figures 2 and 3 show aperture 25 in accordance with the invention which consists of sector-like laminations 31. Each of these, for example, twelve laminations, is connected to a rotary shaft 32 so that the lamination can be rotated. me rotary shafts have a common point 33 which is situated on the optical axis 34 of the imaging system, all rotary shafts being directed perpendicular to the optical axis 34. In the closed condition, shown in Figure 2, the aperture is fully closed. This closed condition may be obtained with re certainty by making the laminations overlap. On the other hand, a minimal passage may be obtained in the closed condition by providing cut-outs in the laminations. The laminations are opened and closed by cams 35 which form the ends of drive shafts 36 which are rigidly connected to the laminations. Figure 3 shows a lamination in the open condition, viewed in a direction transverse to the optical axis 34. The drive can be realized, for example, by means of a ring 37 which is connected to the cams by way of a screw connection 38. In order to keep the laminations in position during rotation, use is preferably made of guide cams 39 which are also rigidly connected to the laminations and which comprise a convex end 41 which is guided through a slot 42 provided in a ring 43. ln an embodiment which is adapted to the X-ray examining device, the cams 35 are driven by means of an electric motor whereby the aperture can be simply, automatically adjusted as in known embodiments.
In the open condition the plane of the lamination is directed parallel to the optical axis. In a preferred embodiment, the edges of the laminations which face an ad]oining lens of the system are adapted to the shape (i.e. the radius of curvature) of the lens so that they are concave.
This i9 denoted by a broken line 46 in Figure 3.
In a further preferred embodiment, the limits of the laminations are shaped as indicated in Figure 2 by a broken line 47. The limit of the lamination i5 chosen so that the shielding of the liqht beam in radial ~ones is as advantageous as possible for the image formation.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In an X-ray examining device comprising an X-ray source; an X-ray image intensifier tube disposed to receive radiation from said source which functions to produce optical image radiation in response thereto; optical system means, having an optical axis, for conducting said image radiation to recording means and a beam stopping aperture disposed about said optical axis between said intensifier tube and said recording means; the improvement wherein said aperture comprises a plurality of sector-like laminations symmetrically disposed about said optical axis, each of said laminations being rotatable about separate axes which intersect said optical axis in a direction perpendicular thereto.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the edges of said laminations are shaped in a non-linear curve so that functional relationship between luminous flux transmission through said aperture and the rotational position of said laminations varies with distance from said optical axis.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said optical system means includes a lens disposed adjacent said aperture and wherein the shape of the edges of said laminations conform to the radius of curvature of said lens.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1 further including means for automatically controlling the adjustment of said aperture by rotating said laminations about their axes.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7512256A NL7512256A (en) | 1975-10-20 | 1975-10-20 | ROENTGEN RESEARCH INSTALLATION. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1070439A true CA1070439A (en) | 1980-01-22 |
Family
ID=19824696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA263,509A Expired CA1070439A (en) | 1975-10-20 | 1976-10-15 | X-ray examining device |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4085328A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5250187A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1070439A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2647069A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2328443A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1567182A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7512256A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS568038A (en) * | 1979-06-30 | 1981-01-27 | Shimadzu Corp | Xxray diagnostic apparatus |
| JPS5728743U (en) * | 1980-07-22 | 1982-02-15 | ||
| JPS61175281U (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-31 | ||
| JP4727827B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2011-07-20 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Closed wind sorting mechanism for grain |
| CN105551559A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-05-04 | 苏州爱因智能设备有限公司 | Projecting-range-adjustable collimator |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3121798A (en) * | 1960-01-23 | 1964-02-18 | Zeiss Ikon Ag | Variable diaphragm structure for photoelectric exposure meters |
| US3448270A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1969-06-03 | Machlett Lab Inc | X-ray collimating device wherein a plurality of adjustable overlapping leaves define a collimating cone |
| US3912936A (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1975-10-14 | Machlett Lab Inc | X-ray image intensifier system |
| US3936647A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1976-02-03 | Cgr Medical Corporation | X-ray collimator for controlling the emission of secondary radiation |
-
1975
- 1975-10-20 NL NL7512256A patent/NL7512256A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1976
- 1976-10-15 GB GB42925/76A patent/GB1567182A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-15 CA CA263,509A patent/CA1070439A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-16 JP JP51124389A patent/JPS5250187A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-18 US US05/733,203 patent/US4085328A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-10-19 DE DE19762647069 patent/DE2647069A1/en active Pending
- 1976-10-20 FR FR7631532A patent/FR2328443A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4085328A (en) | 1978-04-18 |
| DE2647069A1 (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| FR2328443B3 (en) | 1980-10-24 |
| JPS5250187A (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| FR2328443A1 (en) | 1977-05-20 |
| GB1567182A (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| NL7512256A (en) | 1977-04-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |