CA1070266A - Recovery of metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from scrap storage batteries - Google Patents
Recovery of metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from scrap storage batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1070266A CA1070266A CA284,594A CA284594A CA1070266A CA 1070266 A CA1070266 A CA 1070266A CA 284594 A CA284594 A CA 284594A CA 1070266 A CA1070266 A CA 1070266A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- plastic material
- inert
- suspension
- storage batteries
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/04—Lead
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3468—Batteries, accumulators or fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
RECOVERY OF METALLIC LEAD, LEAD COMPOUNDS AND
PLASTIC MATERIAL FROM SCRAP STORAGE BATTERIES
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
Metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material are re-covered from the remaining inert material in scrap storage batteries by crushing the scrap storage batteries, adding the crushed material to an aqueous suspension of magnetic granular material to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds by suspending in an aqueous magnetic suspension the inert and plastic material but not the metallic lead and lead compounds in said suspension, separating the suspension from said metallic lead and lead compounds, magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material and then removing the plastic material from the inert material by floatation in an aqueous media.
PLASTIC MATERIAL FROM SCRAP STORAGE BATTERIES
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
Metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material are re-covered from the remaining inert material in scrap storage batteries by crushing the scrap storage batteries, adding the crushed material to an aqueous suspension of magnetic granular material to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds by suspending in an aqueous magnetic suspension the inert and plastic material but not the metallic lead and lead compounds in said suspension, separating the suspension from said metallic lead and lead compounds, magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material and then removing the plastic material from the inert material by floatation in an aqueous media.
Description
lo~7()~6 B~CKGRO~ND OF T~-IE DISCLOSURE
Scrap storage batteries are normally collected and processed by various methods to recover the metallic lead, lead oxide and sulfate values. Normally the scrap storage batteries contain electrode grids of lead or lead-antimony alloys, electrical connections and terminals usually made oE
lead-antimony alloys and pastes comprising lead oxides or lead sulfate. Normally after these lead values are recovered, the remaining portions of the batteries are thrown away as land 0 fill.
The remaining portions comprise the battery parti-tions and separators generally made of paper, fiber glass, etc.
and the battery casings made oE either hard rubber or of plas-tic compositions.
Since a large proportion of the batteries in use to-day have plastic casings instead of being made of hard rubber, it is desirable to recover the plastic material in addition to --1-- , -~ ~ '-. ', ;
10'7(~
the lead values from these scrap storage batteries. The plastic battery casings used today are normally poly-propylene and copolymers thereof.
SU~ARY OF THE INVENTION
, The instant inven-tion relates to a method for recovering metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from the inert mat~rial present in scrap storage batteries which comprises the sequential skeps oE crushing the scrap storage batterie~; adding the cr-l~hed material to an aqueous quspension o magnetic granular material thereby to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds; magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material; and separating the plastic material from the inert material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The consumption of lead for storage batteries is increasing annually and, therefore, it become~ essential to process used lead storage batteries to recover the metallic lead, lead oxide and sulfate pastes from the batteries for reuse. In addition, it also is desirable to recover the plastic values from-the batteries since plastic casings are used in great quantities today.
In carrying out the process of the instant invention, the scrap storage bat~eries are first crushed into small pieces, preferably to size less than 3 inches, and the metallic lead or lead-an~imony alloy and the lead oxide and lead sulfate pastes are recovered from the inert constituents which include hard rubber and plastic battery casings, partitions, separator, paper J~, - 2 -~C~'70Z~
and other inactive materials.
In order to recover the lead and plastic values, the crushed pieces are added to an aqueous suspension of mag-netic granular material having a density less than the density of metallic lead, lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead val-ues remain at the bottom of the vessel while the inert mate~ial including the plastic material remains in the suspension.
The suspension is prepared by addin~ granular magne-ti-te ore to water and with a~i-tation suspending the ore par~i-cles in the water. Sufficient magnetite ore is employed toproduce a suspension having a density from about 1.75 to about 3.5 g/cc, and an average granular size of -100 mesh ~Tyler screen). Although many types of magnetic material may be used to form the suspension, various ore~, such as magnetites and ilmenites, are particularly desirable to employ since they are both inexpensive and readily available.
After the metallic lead and the lead compounds are separated from the suspension, the magnetite ore granules are separated from the inert and plastic material by magnetic separation.
The remaining plastic and inert material were then separated from one another in water by floating the plastic material from the inert mat~rial which sinks to the bottom.
By use of this process up to g5% of the lead values and up to 95~ of the plastic material present in the batteries may be recovered.
When batteries which contain pitch as a sealer are used in the recovery process, the pitch material is recovered with the plastic material, and in most instances should be separated from ~he plastic material before the plastic material is recycled.
- - - . . . .- - - , . ~, . . ~
~70'~;6 Many industrial batteries and some automobile bat-teries use an asphalt pitch substance to seal the cells to the battery casings. Although the amount of pitch removed with the plastic is only about 5 -to 10%, the pitch melts when the plastic is ground and the ground plastic pieces are coated with the pitch material. The melted pltch also ;fo-lls the ~i.ndin~ equip-ment.
~ number oE methods may b~ employ~d to s~parate the pitch from th~ plastic materlal. They ar~ described as follows:
After the plastic material has been removed from the inert material clescribed above, the plastic material which con-tains the pitch may be placed in an alcohol-water mixture which has a specific gravity of less than 0.95. Preferably any inex-pensive alcohol may be used, e.g. ethyl or methyl alcohol.
The particles of pitch, having a density of at least 1.05, sink to the bottom of the vessel and the plastic material re-mains floating on top. The plastic material is separated from the pitch and then the plastic material is separated from the alcohol-water solution which is recycled.
~0 Another method for removing the pitch from the plas;
tic material is to freeze the mixture and add the frozen mix-ture to water. In this method, the frozen pitch is transformed into a glass-like state which sinks to the bottom of the ves-sel and the plastic particles floating on the top are separa-ted from the pitch particles.
This same separation may be accomplished by adding the pitch and plastic particles to water which has a tempera-ture below 45%F. which transforms the pitch into a glass-like state thereby causing the pitch to sink to the bottom of the vessel, thus allowing the floating plastic to be separated from the sunken pitch particles.
The pitch may also he separated from the plastic particles by adding -the mixture to water in which a wetting agent has been added to lower the surface tension of the water. The wetting agent added causes the surface of the pitch particles to become wetted and therefore the wetted pitch particles sink to the bottom while the plastic parti-cles reMain floating on the water. Wetting agen~s having a low HLB value are preferred. Wetting agents manu~actured and sold under Tradenames Aerosol A~102 ~nd Span 40 by American Cyanamid and Atlas Chemical Industry, respectively, are particularly satisfactory.
The pitch particles also may be removed from the plastic material by adding the mixture to a solvent which dissolves the pitch. Such solvents include xylene, toluene, trichloroethylene and other solvents which are inexpensive and readily available.
The mixture of the plastic and pitch particles may also be separated from one another by placing the mixture onto a vibrating screen, preferably inclined slightly, and because ;
of the difference which exists between the elasticity of the plastic and the pitch particles, the plastic particles bounce off of the vibrating screen a slight distance beyond the end of the ~creen while the pitch particles drop off ad~acent the end of the screen. This permits the plastic and pitch parti-cles to be separately collected from one another as the parti-cles leave the vibrating screen. -Any one or combination of these methods may be used to separate the pitch particles from the plastic material.
The plastic particles obtained which contain only a small quan-tity of pitch may then be ground and used for recycle purposes.
-~
~C~7~%~i6 ~ hile this invention has been described herein, it is not intended to be strictly limited thereto, and other variations and modifications may be employed within the scope of the following claims.
Scrap storage batteries are normally collected and processed by various methods to recover the metallic lead, lead oxide and sulfate values. Normally the scrap storage batteries contain electrode grids of lead or lead-antimony alloys, electrical connections and terminals usually made oE
lead-antimony alloys and pastes comprising lead oxides or lead sulfate. Normally after these lead values are recovered, the remaining portions of the batteries are thrown away as land 0 fill.
The remaining portions comprise the battery parti-tions and separators generally made of paper, fiber glass, etc.
and the battery casings made oE either hard rubber or of plas-tic compositions.
Since a large proportion of the batteries in use to-day have plastic casings instead of being made of hard rubber, it is desirable to recover the plastic material in addition to --1-- , -~ ~ '-. ', ;
10'7(~
the lead values from these scrap storage batteries. The plastic battery casings used today are normally poly-propylene and copolymers thereof.
SU~ARY OF THE INVENTION
, The instant inven-tion relates to a method for recovering metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from the inert mat~rial present in scrap storage batteries which comprises the sequential skeps oE crushing the scrap storage batterie~; adding the cr-l~hed material to an aqueous quspension o magnetic granular material thereby to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds; magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material; and separating the plastic material from the inert material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The consumption of lead for storage batteries is increasing annually and, therefore, it become~ essential to process used lead storage batteries to recover the metallic lead, lead oxide and sulfate pastes from the batteries for reuse. In addition, it also is desirable to recover the plastic values from-the batteries since plastic casings are used in great quantities today.
In carrying out the process of the instant invention, the scrap storage bat~eries are first crushed into small pieces, preferably to size less than 3 inches, and the metallic lead or lead-an~imony alloy and the lead oxide and lead sulfate pastes are recovered from the inert constituents which include hard rubber and plastic battery casings, partitions, separator, paper J~, - 2 -~C~'70Z~
and other inactive materials.
In order to recover the lead and plastic values, the crushed pieces are added to an aqueous suspension of mag-netic granular material having a density less than the density of metallic lead, lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead val-ues remain at the bottom of the vessel while the inert mate~ial including the plastic material remains in the suspension.
The suspension is prepared by addin~ granular magne-ti-te ore to water and with a~i-tation suspending the ore par~i-cles in the water. Sufficient magnetite ore is employed toproduce a suspension having a density from about 1.75 to about 3.5 g/cc, and an average granular size of -100 mesh ~Tyler screen). Although many types of magnetic material may be used to form the suspension, various ore~, such as magnetites and ilmenites, are particularly desirable to employ since they are both inexpensive and readily available.
After the metallic lead and the lead compounds are separated from the suspension, the magnetite ore granules are separated from the inert and plastic material by magnetic separation.
The remaining plastic and inert material were then separated from one another in water by floating the plastic material from the inert mat~rial which sinks to the bottom.
By use of this process up to g5% of the lead values and up to 95~ of the plastic material present in the batteries may be recovered.
When batteries which contain pitch as a sealer are used in the recovery process, the pitch material is recovered with the plastic material, and in most instances should be separated from ~he plastic material before the plastic material is recycled.
- - - . . . .- - - , . ~, . . ~
~70'~;6 Many industrial batteries and some automobile bat-teries use an asphalt pitch substance to seal the cells to the battery casings. Although the amount of pitch removed with the plastic is only about 5 -to 10%, the pitch melts when the plastic is ground and the ground plastic pieces are coated with the pitch material. The melted pltch also ;fo-lls the ~i.ndin~ equip-ment.
~ number oE methods may b~ employ~d to s~parate the pitch from th~ plastic materlal. They ar~ described as follows:
After the plastic material has been removed from the inert material clescribed above, the plastic material which con-tains the pitch may be placed in an alcohol-water mixture which has a specific gravity of less than 0.95. Preferably any inex-pensive alcohol may be used, e.g. ethyl or methyl alcohol.
The particles of pitch, having a density of at least 1.05, sink to the bottom of the vessel and the plastic material re-mains floating on top. The plastic material is separated from the pitch and then the plastic material is separated from the alcohol-water solution which is recycled.
~0 Another method for removing the pitch from the plas;
tic material is to freeze the mixture and add the frozen mix-ture to water. In this method, the frozen pitch is transformed into a glass-like state which sinks to the bottom of the ves-sel and the plastic particles floating on the top are separa-ted from the pitch particles.
This same separation may be accomplished by adding the pitch and plastic particles to water which has a tempera-ture below 45%F. which transforms the pitch into a glass-like state thereby causing the pitch to sink to the bottom of the vessel, thus allowing the floating plastic to be separated from the sunken pitch particles.
The pitch may also he separated from the plastic particles by adding -the mixture to water in which a wetting agent has been added to lower the surface tension of the water. The wetting agent added causes the surface of the pitch particles to become wetted and therefore the wetted pitch particles sink to the bottom while the plastic parti-cles reMain floating on the water. Wetting agen~s having a low HLB value are preferred. Wetting agents manu~actured and sold under Tradenames Aerosol A~102 ~nd Span 40 by American Cyanamid and Atlas Chemical Industry, respectively, are particularly satisfactory.
The pitch particles also may be removed from the plastic material by adding the mixture to a solvent which dissolves the pitch. Such solvents include xylene, toluene, trichloroethylene and other solvents which are inexpensive and readily available.
The mixture of the plastic and pitch particles may also be separated from one another by placing the mixture onto a vibrating screen, preferably inclined slightly, and because ;
of the difference which exists between the elasticity of the plastic and the pitch particles, the plastic particles bounce off of the vibrating screen a slight distance beyond the end of the ~creen while the pitch particles drop off ad~acent the end of the screen. This permits the plastic and pitch parti-cles to be separately collected from one another as the parti-cles leave the vibrating screen. -Any one or combination of these methods may be used to separate the pitch particles from the plastic material.
The plastic particles obtained which contain only a small quan-tity of pitch may then be ground and used for recycle purposes.
-~
~C~7~%~i6 ~ hile this invention has been described herein, it is not intended to be strictly limited thereto, and other variations and modifications may be employed within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. Method for recovering metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from the inert material present in scrap storage batteries which comprises the sequential steps of crushing the scrap storage batteries;
adding the crushed material to an aqueous suspension of magnetic granular material thereby to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds;
magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material; and separating the plastic material from the inert material.
adding the crushed material to an aqueous suspension of magnetic granular material thereby to separate the inert and plastic material from the metallic lead and lead compounds;
magnetically separating the magnetic granular material from the inert and plastic material; and separating the plastic material from the inert material.
2. Method for recovering metallic lead, lead com-pounds and plastic material from the inert material present in scrap storage batteries which comprises crushing said scrap storage batteries into pieces having a size of less than 3 inches; adding said pieces to an aqueous sus-pension of magnetic granular material wherein the density of said aqueous suspension is such that the metallic lead and lead compounds settle to the bottom of the suspension while the inert components containing the plastic material remain in suspension; separating said metallic lead and lead com-pounds from said suspension; magnetically separating said magnetic granular material from said inert components present in said suspension, and removing by floatation in an aqueous media the plastic material from the remaining inert components to recover said plastic material.
3. Method according to claim 2 in which the magnetic material is granular magnetite ore.
4. Method according to claim 3 in which the average particle size of the granular magnetite ore is -100 mesh ( Tyler screen ).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/729,430 US4042177A (en) | 1976-10-04 | 1976-10-04 | Recovery of metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from scrap storage batteries |
| US77750277A | 1977-03-14 | 1977-03-14 | |
| US78799477A | 1977-04-15 | 1977-04-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1070266A true CA1070266A (en) | 1980-01-22 |
Family
ID=27419132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,594A Expired CA1070266A (en) | 1976-10-04 | 1977-08-12 | Recovery of metallic lead, lead compounds and plastic material from scrap storage batteries |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5344401A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1070266A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2736425A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK361977A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES461534A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1558230A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1077425B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7708987A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO772799L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7709058L (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57200535A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-08 | Hakuyuu Shoji Kk | Preparation of metal lead from waste lead material |
| ZA938312B (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-06-07 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Thermal sorting |
| ITMI20051806A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-03-29 | Engitec Technologies S P A | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF HANDLING OF LEADS WITH LEAD |
| AU2009200812B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2010-03-25 | Vincent Huang | Battery recycling |
-
1977
- 1977-07-27 IT IT2620877A patent/IT1077425B/en active
- 1977-08-10 SE SE7709058A patent/SE7709058L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-08-10 NO NO772799A patent/NO772799L/en unknown
- 1977-08-11 ES ES461534A patent/ES461534A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-12 JP JP9621177A patent/JPS5344401A/en active Pending
- 1977-08-12 DE DE19772736425 patent/DE2736425A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-08-12 CA CA284,594A patent/CA1070266A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-15 DK DK361977A patent/DK361977A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-08-15 NL NL7708987A patent/NL7708987A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-08-16 GB GB3439077A patent/GB1558230A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5344401A (en) | 1978-04-21 |
| IT1077425B (en) | 1985-05-04 |
| NL7708987A (en) | 1978-04-06 |
| SE7709058L (en) | 1978-04-05 |
| DE2736425A1 (en) | 1978-04-06 |
| ES461534A1 (en) | 1978-08-16 |
| NO772799L (en) | 1978-04-05 |
| DK361977A (en) | 1978-04-05 |
| GB1558230A (en) | 1979-12-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |