CA1069393A - Rubber paving - Google Patents
Rubber pavingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069393A CA1069393A CA238,408A CA238408A CA1069393A CA 1069393 A CA1069393 A CA 1069393A CA 238408 A CA238408 A CA 238408A CA 1069393 A CA1069393 A CA 1069393A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- rubber
- polymer
- composition
- paving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure There is provided an improved method for solidifying a carbon black reinforced polymer on a surface to which said polymer is self-adhering comprising the steps of: A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer com-prising a synthetic polymer and carbon black, B. preparing a solidification composition consisting essentially of said carbon black reinforced polymer and a solidification agent; and C. applying said solidification composition to the desired surface; and D. allowing said composition to solidify on said surface, self-adhering thereto.
Description
This invention relates to carbon black reinforced polymers and their application to a surface.
Various types of rubber paving are known in the art and generally include a binder of black top, asphalt, or the like, and .ubber, to which various fillers may be added. These fillers are often in the form of shredded or ground reclaimed rubber and sometimes other aggregates such as gravel may be added. Mixing of such paving compositions is often complicated and may require expensive additional components such as epoxy resin to form a bond between the aggregate and the rubberized binder. Another difficulty often encountered with rubber paving having aggregate additives is tha~ after a period of time the aggregate at the surface separates from the binder thus leaving a small pot hole in the surface of the rubber paving.
Numerous United States patents relate to rubber paving its pro-cessing and application, and these patents include:
1,940,528 2,811,906 3,245,329
Various types of rubber paving are known in the art and generally include a binder of black top, asphalt, or the like, and .ubber, to which various fillers may be added. These fillers are often in the form of shredded or ground reclaimed rubber and sometimes other aggregates such as gravel may be added. Mixing of such paving compositions is often complicated and may require expensive additional components such as epoxy resin to form a bond between the aggregate and the rubberized binder. Another difficulty often encountered with rubber paving having aggregate additives is tha~ after a period of time the aggregate at the surface separates from the binder thus leaving a small pot hole in the surface of the rubber paving.
Numerous United States patents relate to rubber paving its pro-cessing and application, and these patents include:
1,940,528 2,811,906 3,245,329
2,378,717 2,853,742 3,297,625 2,612,479 2,952,650 3,461,844 2,653 916 2,977,864 3,700,615 2,809,944 3,042,633 A suitable process for processing the rubber is shown in United States 3,700,615 and other processes are shown in United States 2,612,479~
and United States 2,809,944. United States 2,653,916 shows equipment for re-claiming rubber, and United States 3,245,329 shows equipment suitable for applying the rubber paving.
In view of the used tire situation, now completely out of hand throughout the country, used tires are a main source of rubber for the paving.
Rather than adding shredded or ground rubber to a binder, all of the rubber may be reprocessed into a vulcanizing state and applied as a substantially solid homogeneous mass to the surface to be paved. Rubber processing equipment can be used to heat the rubber, and used lubricating oil and the like, may be ..
~` ~
;
- .:
.
1(~69393 utilized in such equipment as fuel for providing the required heat. There-fore, economically speaking, rubber road plants will have minimal running costs while supplying a vast number of advantages considering the need for recycling in keeping with the ecological effort.
Accordingly, the invention provides a method for solidifying a sarbon black reinforced polymer on a surface to which said polymer is self-adhering comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black;
B. preparing a solidification composition consisting essentially of said carbon black reinforced polymer and a solidification agent; and C. applying said solidification composition to the desired surface;
; and D. allowing said composition to solidify on said surface, self-adhering thereto.
In a further embodiment there is provided a method for solidify-ing a carbon black reinforced polymer on a surface so that said polymer self-adheres thereto comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carboll black by plasticizing scrap material selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of between about B9% and gl% by volume of said carbon black reinforced polymer, about 5~ by volume of at least one accelerator, between about 3% and 4% by volume of a vulcanizing agent, and between about 1% and 2% by volume of an activator;
C. heating said rubber paving composition to about 300F;
. stirring said rubber paving composition at said elevated tempera-ture until said composition starts to vulcani~e;
.E. pouring and spreading said rubber paving composition over the ~ 2 ~
r .
10~93g3 desired surface;
F. allowing said composition to vulcanize directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of paving a surface with rubber comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap materials selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of carbon black reinforced polymer and solidifying agents;
C. applying said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
and D. allowing said rubber paving composition to solidify directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
As it relates to paving, the solidifying and paving method in-volves applying rubber, ready to be vulcanized, to a supporting surface to be paved, such as a roadbed, for example. It has been found through experimenta-tion that a low vulcanized rubber will better adhere to and seal a road surace - than will rubber in a high state of vulcanization. However, further activation of vulcanization is provided for the outer layer of the paving to provide durability while retaining resiliency of the paving. The rubber paving of this invention adheres to the surface to be paved and thus holds it together, and also seals the surface. The flexible quality of vulcanized rubber enables all surfaces to expand and contract during frost heaves and intense heat, with-out cracking or bulging, and thus road repair is minimized.
When applied as paving for a roadway, automobiles riding over the road are cushioned by the resilient rubber paving, thus reducing shock and vibration so apparent when driving on surfaces of concrete, asphalt, or the like. Rubber paving also provides traction superiority over general types of f 30 paving.
As used here in the term "rubber" is used to include natural rubber as well as synthetic rubber, and mixtures thereof.
; The solidification process is preferably carried out at ambient conditions but may be carried out at elevated temperatures.
The solidification agent is preferably selected from vulcanizing -agents or geiling agents.
The synthetiL polymer is preferably selected from synthetic plastic and/or synthetic rubber.
The preferred embodiment is directed to a vulcanized rubber pav-ing installation and method in which the paving f;irmly adheres to and seals the suppcTtlng surfaceJ such as a roadbed, while provlding a resilient surface with a tough durable outer surface. A rubber to be vuicanized is applied to t~e surace to be paved, and the outer surface of the paving is vulcaniz- -ed to a higher degree through oxidation or by the addition thereto of various v~llcanizing agents. .~ -A suitable supporting base such as a typical roadbed has an upper surface to which a vulcanized rubber paving layer is applie~. The supporting base may be of any type suitable to the environment and in a roadway is usual-ly either a concrete, asphalt or similar roadbed, having a substantia~ly solid upper surface or, alternatively~ a gravel and tar roa~bed. When apply-ing the paving layer, the surface should be dry and free of foreign matter so that the paving may adhere tightly to the surface.
The rubber may be processed in any suitable manner as by the cold vulcanization process Cusing a volatile solvent and vùlcanizing agent); by the hot mold process and using rubber particles in a foam carrier, hot liquid rubber, or any rubber in a plasticized state; or by the process described .
hereinafter. ~ ~
In ~iew of the excess of used automotive tires, rubber from the tires is preferably shredded or powdered and processed (plasticized) to suit-able vulcanizing condition and applied to the surface. Upon applying the ,, ~
~069393 rubber to the surface, an oute~ surface portion normally vulcanizes to a higher degree than the body of the layer. Such differential vulcanization occurs in the following process, primarily because the surface portion is exposed to ambient air in which oxygen serves as a wlcanizing agent, whereas the body is not exposed to additional vulcanizing agents. If desired, parti-cularly in certain other previously mentioned processes, other wlcanizing agents may be applied to the paving surface.
In preparing a suitable paving composition, a liquid rubber poly-mer, such as No. 25VLV*, manufactured by American Synthetic Rubber Corporation, Louisville, Kentucky was combined with the following ingredients, in the fol-lowing percentages, by volume:
Sulfur 3 - 4 %
Zinc Oxide 3 %
Triethanolamine 2 %
Carbon black 46 %
and the remainder rubber. The ingredients are heated to 300F and held at this temperature for approximately one to one and a quarter hours while being mixed by stirring as with a glass rod until the composition just starts to wlcanize.
When the mixture is still at approximately 300F it is applied by pouring onto the surface, for exampleJ a tar and gravel surface which is dry and substantiall~ clean of foreign matter. The rubber paving may be spread and smoothed in any suitable manner and wlcanized without the addition of heatJ to provide a solid, substantially homogeneous body. As previously ~entioned, the outer surface portion of the layer wlcanizes to a higher degree than the remainder of the body because of the oxidizing effect of oxygen in the air. Hbwever, an~ suitable vulcanizing agent may be spread on the surface to further increase its degree of wlcanization.
The lower degree of vulcanization of the body of the layer, * Trade Mark ~069393 particularly the lower face of the body, provides greater adherence of the rubber paving to the surface and more effectively seals any voids in the sur-face. Any suitable type of filler may be added to the rubber composition, such as gravel, shredded rubber, or the like but are not considered advisable under the present circumstances.
Example 1 With 4 fluid ounces of carbon black was mixed 16 fluid ounces of a rubber polymer 25 v/v. The mixture was heated to around 300 degrees and gasoline and sulfur monochloride were added. The polymer vulcanized into a solid mass in 3 seconds.
Example 2 To a similar initial mixture as in Example 1, a sma'ler amount of sulfur monochloride and gasoline was added. The mixture vulcanized in 5 minutes without the addition of outside heat. The final condition of the mix-ture was semi-vulcanized.
Example 3 To a similar initial mixture as in Example 1, a larger amount of sulfur monoch]oride and gasoline was added. The mixture vulcanized into a very solid state in 30 seconds without the addition of outside heat.
In a comparative example, sulfur monochloride and gasoline were added to a mixture of a rubber polymer and carbon black and 30% of a plastic polyester resin. The mixture would not vulcanize or solidify in any way even wi~h addition of larger amounts of heat and accelerators and after a lengthy time period.
While this invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments in particular environments, various changes may be apparent to one skilled in the art and the invention is therefore not to be limited to such embodiments or environments except as set forth in the appended claims.
and United States 2,809,944. United States 2,653,916 shows equipment for re-claiming rubber, and United States 3,245,329 shows equipment suitable for applying the rubber paving.
In view of the used tire situation, now completely out of hand throughout the country, used tires are a main source of rubber for the paving.
Rather than adding shredded or ground rubber to a binder, all of the rubber may be reprocessed into a vulcanizing state and applied as a substantially solid homogeneous mass to the surface to be paved. Rubber processing equipment can be used to heat the rubber, and used lubricating oil and the like, may be ..
~` ~
;
- .:
.
1(~69393 utilized in such equipment as fuel for providing the required heat. There-fore, economically speaking, rubber road plants will have minimal running costs while supplying a vast number of advantages considering the need for recycling in keeping with the ecological effort.
Accordingly, the invention provides a method for solidifying a sarbon black reinforced polymer on a surface to which said polymer is self-adhering comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black;
B. preparing a solidification composition consisting essentially of said carbon black reinforced polymer and a solidification agent; and C. applying said solidification composition to the desired surface;
; and D. allowing said composition to solidify on said surface, self-adhering thereto.
In a further embodiment there is provided a method for solidify-ing a carbon black reinforced polymer on a surface so that said polymer self-adheres thereto comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carboll black by plasticizing scrap material selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of between about B9% and gl% by volume of said carbon black reinforced polymer, about 5~ by volume of at least one accelerator, between about 3% and 4% by volume of a vulcanizing agent, and between about 1% and 2% by volume of an activator;
C. heating said rubber paving composition to about 300F;
. stirring said rubber paving composition at said elevated tempera-ture until said composition starts to vulcani~e;
.E. pouring and spreading said rubber paving composition over the ~ 2 ~
r .
10~93g3 desired surface;
F. allowing said composition to vulcanize directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of paving a surface with rubber comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap materials selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of carbon black reinforced polymer and solidifying agents;
C. applying said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
and D. allowing said rubber paving composition to solidify directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
As it relates to paving, the solidifying and paving method in-volves applying rubber, ready to be vulcanized, to a supporting surface to be paved, such as a roadbed, for example. It has been found through experimenta-tion that a low vulcanized rubber will better adhere to and seal a road surace - than will rubber in a high state of vulcanization. However, further activation of vulcanization is provided for the outer layer of the paving to provide durability while retaining resiliency of the paving. The rubber paving of this invention adheres to the surface to be paved and thus holds it together, and also seals the surface. The flexible quality of vulcanized rubber enables all surfaces to expand and contract during frost heaves and intense heat, with-out cracking or bulging, and thus road repair is minimized.
When applied as paving for a roadway, automobiles riding over the road are cushioned by the resilient rubber paving, thus reducing shock and vibration so apparent when driving on surfaces of concrete, asphalt, or the like. Rubber paving also provides traction superiority over general types of f 30 paving.
As used here in the term "rubber" is used to include natural rubber as well as synthetic rubber, and mixtures thereof.
; The solidification process is preferably carried out at ambient conditions but may be carried out at elevated temperatures.
The solidification agent is preferably selected from vulcanizing -agents or geiling agents.
The synthetiL polymer is preferably selected from synthetic plastic and/or synthetic rubber.
The preferred embodiment is directed to a vulcanized rubber pav-ing installation and method in which the paving f;irmly adheres to and seals the suppcTtlng surfaceJ such as a roadbed, while provlding a resilient surface with a tough durable outer surface. A rubber to be vuicanized is applied to t~e surace to be paved, and the outer surface of the paving is vulcaniz- -ed to a higher degree through oxidation or by the addition thereto of various v~llcanizing agents. .~ -A suitable supporting base such as a typical roadbed has an upper surface to which a vulcanized rubber paving layer is applie~. The supporting base may be of any type suitable to the environment and in a roadway is usual-ly either a concrete, asphalt or similar roadbed, having a substantia~ly solid upper surface or, alternatively~ a gravel and tar roa~bed. When apply-ing the paving layer, the surface should be dry and free of foreign matter so that the paving may adhere tightly to the surface.
The rubber may be processed in any suitable manner as by the cold vulcanization process Cusing a volatile solvent and vùlcanizing agent); by the hot mold process and using rubber particles in a foam carrier, hot liquid rubber, or any rubber in a plasticized state; or by the process described .
hereinafter. ~ ~
In ~iew of the excess of used automotive tires, rubber from the tires is preferably shredded or powdered and processed (plasticized) to suit-able vulcanizing condition and applied to the surface. Upon applying the ,, ~
~069393 rubber to the surface, an oute~ surface portion normally vulcanizes to a higher degree than the body of the layer. Such differential vulcanization occurs in the following process, primarily because the surface portion is exposed to ambient air in which oxygen serves as a wlcanizing agent, whereas the body is not exposed to additional vulcanizing agents. If desired, parti-cularly in certain other previously mentioned processes, other wlcanizing agents may be applied to the paving surface.
In preparing a suitable paving composition, a liquid rubber poly-mer, such as No. 25VLV*, manufactured by American Synthetic Rubber Corporation, Louisville, Kentucky was combined with the following ingredients, in the fol-lowing percentages, by volume:
Sulfur 3 - 4 %
Zinc Oxide 3 %
Triethanolamine 2 %
Carbon black 46 %
and the remainder rubber. The ingredients are heated to 300F and held at this temperature for approximately one to one and a quarter hours while being mixed by stirring as with a glass rod until the composition just starts to wlcanize.
When the mixture is still at approximately 300F it is applied by pouring onto the surface, for exampleJ a tar and gravel surface which is dry and substantiall~ clean of foreign matter. The rubber paving may be spread and smoothed in any suitable manner and wlcanized without the addition of heatJ to provide a solid, substantially homogeneous body. As previously ~entioned, the outer surface portion of the layer wlcanizes to a higher degree than the remainder of the body because of the oxidizing effect of oxygen in the air. Hbwever, an~ suitable vulcanizing agent may be spread on the surface to further increase its degree of wlcanization.
The lower degree of vulcanization of the body of the layer, * Trade Mark ~069393 particularly the lower face of the body, provides greater adherence of the rubber paving to the surface and more effectively seals any voids in the sur-face. Any suitable type of filler may be added to the rubber composition, such as gravel, shredded rubber, or the like but are not considered advisable under the present circumstances.
Example 1 With 4 fluid ounces of carbon black was mixed 16 fluid ounces of a rubber polymer 25 v/v. The mixture was heated to around 300 degrees and gasoline and sulfur monochloride were added. The polymer vulcanized into a solid mass in 3 seconds.
Example 2 To a similar initial mixture as in Example 1, a sma'ler amount of sulfur monochloride and gasoline was added. The mixture vulcanized in 5 minutes without the addition of outside heat. The final condition of the mix-ture was semi-vulcanized.
Example 3 To a similar initial mixture as in Example 1, a larger amount of sulfur monoch]oride and gasoline was added. The mixture vulcanized into a very solid state in 30 seconds without the addition of outside heat.
In a comparative example, sulfur monochloride and gasoline were added to a mixture of a rubber polymer and carbon black and 30% of a plastic polyester resin. The mixture would not vulcanize or solidify in any way even wi~h addition of larger amounts of heat and accelerators and after a lengthy time period.
While this invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments in particular environments, various changes may be apparent to one skilled in the art and the invention is therefore not to be limited to such embodiments or environments except as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for solidifying a carbon black reinforced polymer on a surface to which said polymer is self-adhering comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black;
B. preparing a solidification composition consisting essentially of said carbon black reinforced polymer and a solidification agent; and C. applying said solidification composition to the desired surface;
and D. allowing said composition to solidify on said surface, self-adhering thereto.
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black;
B. preparing a solidification composition consisting essentially of said carbon black reinforced polymer and a solidification agent; and C. applying said solidification composition to the desired surface;
and D. allowing said composition to solidify on said surface, self-adhering thereto.
2. The method defining Claim 1, wherein said solidification pro-cess is carried out at ambient conditions.
3. The method defining Claim 1, wherein said solidification process is carried out at elevated temperatures.
4. The method defined in Claim 1, wherein said carbon black rein-forced polymer is produced by plasticizing scrap material selected from the group consisting of rubber and synthetic plastics.
5. The method defined in Claim 1, wherein said solidification agent is one selected from the group consisting of vulcanizing agents and gelling agents.
6. The method defined in Claim 1, wherein said synthetic polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of synthetic plastic and synthetic rubber.
7. The method defined in Claim 1, wherein said surface is an asphalt road and said composition chemically bonds to the asphalt road.
8. The method for solidifying a carbon black reinforced polymer on a surface so that said polymer self-adheres thereto comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap material selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of between about 89% and 91% by volume of said carbon black reinforced polymer, about 5% by volume of at least one accelerator, between about 3% and 4% by volume of a vulcanizing agent, and between about 1% and 2% by volume of an activator;
C. heating said rubber paving composition to about 300°F.;
D. stirring said rubber paving composition at said elevated tempera-ture until said composition starts to vulcanize;
E. pouring and spreading said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
F. allowing said composition to volcanoes directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap material selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of between about 89% and 91% by volume of said carbon black reinforced polymer, about 5% by volume of at least one accelerator, between about 3% and 4% by volume of a vulcanizing agent, and between about 1% and 2% by volume of an activator;
C. heating said rubber paving composition to about 300°F.;
D. stirring said rubber paving composition at said elevated tempera-ture until said composition starts to vulcanize;
E. pouring and spreading said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
F. allowing said composition to volcanoes directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
9. The method of paving a surface with rubber defined in Claim 8, wherein said carbon black reinforced polymer is further defined as comprising approximately 45% by volume of carbon black and further comprising the addi-tional step of:
G. adding synthetic polymer or carbon black to bring the quantity of carbon black to approximately 45%.
G. adding synthetic polymer or carbon black to bring the quantity of carbon black to approximately 45%.
10. A method of paving a surface comprising the steps of:
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap materials selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of carbon black reinforced polymer and solidifying agents;
C. applying said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
and D. allowing said rubber paving composition to solidify directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
A. forming a carbon black reinforced polymer comprising a synthetic polymer and carbon black by plasticizing scrap materials selected from the group consisting of used rubber tires and commercial plastics;
B. preparing a rubber paving composition consisting essentially of carbon black reinforced polymer and solidifying agents;
C. applying said rubber paving composition over the desired surface;
and D. allowing said rubber paving composition to solidify directly to said surface, self-adhering thereto.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,408A CA1069393A (en) | 1975-10-27 | 1975-10-27 | Rubber paving |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,408A CA1069393A (en) | 1975-10-27 | 1975-10-27 | Rubber paving |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069393A true CA1069393A (en) | 1980-01-08 |
Family
ID=4104371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,408A Expired CA1069393A (en) | 1975-10-27 | 1975-10-27 | Rubber paving |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1069393A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-10-27 CA CA238,408A patent/CA1069393A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |