CA1069102A - Method for treating organic and inorganic waste material - Google Patents
Method for treating organic and inorganic waste materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069102A CA1069102A CA224,152A CA224152A CA1069102A CA 1069102 A CA1069102 A CA 1069102A CA 224152 A CA224152 A CA 224152A CA 1069102 A CA1069102 A CA 1069102A
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Fibrous material having utility in the production of numerous and differing products is produced from refuse by a continuous process after separation and removal of undesirable constituents such as dirt, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the refuse. Individual remaining particles are then reduced in size and suspended in a water slurry. The slurry is then subjected to centrifugal acceleration to remove any glass, metallic, or other relatively dense particles that may remain therein. The resulting slurry is sterilized by continuous cooking to thermally destroy all major pathogens and/or parasitic organisms. The solids content is then increased and additives introduced into and mixed with the solids following which the mixture of solids and additives is rolled to produce granules of a desired size and the resulting product is dried.
Fibrous material having utility in the production of numerous and differing products is produced from refuse by a continuous process after separation and removal of undesirable constituents such as dirt, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metals from the refuse. Individual remaining particles are then reduced in size and suspended in a water slurry. The slurry is then subjected to centrifugal acceleration to remove any glass, metallic, or other relatively dense particles that may remain therein. The resulting slurry is sterilized by continuous cooking to thermally destroy all major pathogens and/or parasitic organisms. The solids content is then increased and additives introduced into and mixed with the solids following which the mixture of solids and additives is rolled to produce granules of a desired size and the resulting product is dried.
Description
1069~02 1The disposal of solid waste or refuse has been a very troublesome problem primarily because refuse is generated in enormous quantities. For example, it has been estimated that refuse, as it comes from garbage containers, would cover approximately 200,000 acres to a depth of about 2-1/2 feet each year. Within the past 15 to 20 years many cities have replaced -open garbage trucks with closed vehicles designed specifically for refuse collection. Such vehicles tend to eliminate litter, dust and odors, and they also compact the refuse to 2 to 3 times its uncompacted density. This increases the weight carried per truck, reduces the number of trips to the disposal site, and thereby increases the efficiency of collection.
' Disposal of the refuse still presents difficult problems. Heretofore such material has been disposed of at dumps but dumps are now considered an unsatisfactory method of disposal. In some cases the dumps have been converted to sanitary landfills where the refuse is dumped and then covered with dirt. Landfill facilities tend to reduce nuisance, pollution, and health hazards, as long as suitable fill is available and some open space is maintained downward to dissipate odors.
,. .
Additionally, where the nature of the refuse material permits, incineration disposal methods have been employed successfully to very substantially reduce volume and weight of refuse. This method of disposal is advantageous in that it leaves a residue that is unattractive to pests and permits dis-posal of the residue in open dumps or as fill material. However, most incineration methods, as currently practiced, do not meet the advanced standards of air pollution control authorities, since combustion contributes particulate matter, opacifying matter, and .
' t oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide improved means and methods for obviating the above noted difficulties and to provide for the satisfactory and efficient disposition of refuse material, as well as the salvag-ing of useful material such as metals, and the recycling of organic materials to conserve natural resources.
SUMMARY
These and other objects are achieved by the present invention by a process that converts the organic matter in refuse to a useful product or to a disposable material that is sub-stantially odorless and unattractive to pests. After salvageable and non-grindable materials have been removed, the refuse is ground and continuously fed by suitable conveyor means.
Water is added and the water with the ground material suspended j therein is continuously cooked to destroy pathogens and parasitic organisms. If desired, nutrients or other additives may be added, following which the water is eliminated to convert the refuse to a dry useful product or a dry disposable material.
DESCRIPTION
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating various types of apparatus employed in the practice of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a view illustrating a typical layout of the apparatus of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the method of the present invention;
, .
':, . : ' . ' ` 1~69102 1 Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating separator apparatus;
:
Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view showing additional details of the separator and portions of the conveyor means;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of shredding apparatus;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the sterilizing apparatus.
As noted above, municipal refuse contains a mixture of many different things such as bottles, cans, grass, other small objects, waste paper, news print, cartons and the like. In accordance with the present invention it is contemplated that after collection of such refuse by refuse collection trucks, these trucks will discharge their load directly into apparatus which receives and separates the material according to the characteristics of the various constituents. For example, the material is separated or classified according to whether the objects are relatively large or small, or very fine, into objects that are salvageable, rejectable, or useable in the process of the present invention. For example, salvageable items include ferrous and non-ferrous metals as well as glass objects. Material processed according to the present invention includes fibrous material and~or food wastes which are convertible into a number of products of different types. For example, the method and product produced thereby according to the present invention may be useable to produce paper pulp, fibers for board production, fibers for roofing felt, fertilizer base, fibers for hydraseeded land reclamation, and a cattle feed supplement.
In the drawings, the apparatus employed in practicing the present invention is indicated generally at 10. Refuse is discharged from a refuse collection truck into a separator 11 .
~, 1 which includes a hopper 12 and a plurality of spaced-apart rotating drums 13 having a plurality of spikes 14 projecting outwardly from the periphery of the drum. The drums are caused to rotate by motor means ~not shown). The refuse material falls under the influence of gravity through the hopper portion and through the rotating drums. As the drums rotate, the revolving spikes operate to tear open bags and cartons and expose the contents thereof for separation along with other constituents of the refuse. The refuse falling between the rotating drums is received on a vibrating screen 15 of relatively coarse mesh, for example, nine inches, thereby allowing bottles, cans, grass and small objects to fall through the screen and onto a second vibrating screen 16 having a smaller mesh, for example, three inches. Material such as grass, dirt and fine objects falls through the second screen 16 onto an inclined pan feeder 17.
Material which is retained on the top side of screen 15 such as paper products including bags, news print, cartons, and the like pass from the vibrating screen 15 onto a conveyor 18. Similarly, the material which remains on the upper side of screen 16 such as cans, bottles and the like passes from screen 16 to a ballistic flinger 19 which separates such objects according to their density. After passing through flinger 19 any remaining desirable material such as paper products and portions thereof are picked up and returned to pneumatic system conveyor 20 via conveyor 20a. Material from the pan feeder 17 also discharges onto the pneumatic conveyor system 20 which conveys desirable material to a shredder 23. All undesirable materials are collected-and removed by a reject conveyor 22.
The shredder 23 receives material from conveyors 18 and ,, . ' . . : . .. . . . .
. - ~ , . . . :: . . . :
..
1 20. The shredder comprises a housing having a hopper or feed portion 23a and a reject chute portion 24. Within the housing is a rotor 25 having connected thereto and projecting outwardly from the periphery thereo a plurality of hammers 26. Rotor 25 is journaled for rotation within the shredder housing and is ' caused to rotate by any desirable driving means such as an ,~ electric motor (not shown). Directly below rotor 25 and closely spaced from and adjacent the outer ends of hammers 26 is a screen 27. A comb 28 is connected to the screen to provide a lO rubbing and/or wiping action relative to the hammers 26 as they ' rotate past the comb thus tending to clear the hammers 26 relative to rags and/or material such as plastic material that may tend to stick or otherwise adhere to the hammers. ' Also journaled within the shredder housing for rotation therein is a star wheel 29 having teeth 30 that mesh with the hammers 26 as is best seen in Figure 6.
i . . .
A portion of the pneumatic conveyor system 21 is dis-posed directly below screen 27 which receives material passing '~-through screen 27 and the pneumatic action of the conveyor tends Z to keep the screen clean.
, As material is received into the feed or hopper portion ; 23a of the shredder, rotation of rotor 25 and hammers 26 operates to reject metal objects and wood objects ballistically, the impact of hammers 26 serving to drive such objects outwardly ,for discharge through the reject chute portion 24. The meshing between the teeth 30 of the star wheel 29 and hammers 26 tears paper and cartons and other like material passing through the revolving star wheel and swing hammers, and material falling below the axis of rotor 25 toward screen 27 is subjected to a grinding action by the hammers 26 and the surface of screen 27 1069~02 1 thereby sizing the particles that fall through the screen and are picked up by the pneumatic conveyor 21.
After shredding the shredded material is conveyed by a pneumatic conveyor 21 to a pulper which introduces water to form a slurry having a composition of about 10% to 15%
solids. The slurry with the shredded material suspended therein discharges from a pulper 31 and passes to a liquid cyclone 32 which removes any glass or metal particles that may have escaped the earlier separation procedures. The liquid cyclone dis-charges into a decanter 33 which removes some of the water from the slurry and raises the solids content thereof to about 50%. The excess water is returned to the pulper through a line 34. The slurry now containing approximately 50% solids discharges from the decanter into a continuous cooker 35.
As best shown in Figure 7, the cooker includes a retention vessel 36 having an inlet opening 37. A screw con-veyor 38 extends partially into the retention vessel and includes a housing 39 connected to said vessel through which the slurry is pumped for discharge to the next step in the operation.
The housing 39 and the vessel 36 are jacketed at 40. Preferably, the dimensions of the screw conveyor housing 39 and those of the retention vessel 36 are sized so as to provide a retention time of about two hours from the time that incoming material is received into the vessel until it is discharged from the conveyor 38. During such retention time, steam is admitted into the space between housing 30 and jacketing 40 and the tem-perature of the slurry is maintained at about 212F for the entire retention time, thereby thermally destroying all major pathogens and parasitic organisms and the slurry and its --constituents are thereby sterilized.
I The slurry thus removed from the retention vessel and discharged by the conveyor 38 is discharged into a centrifuge 41 where more water is removed from the slurry and the solids content thereof raised to about 70~. The water thus removed ' is returned to the pulper through a line 42. The slur,y with the 70% solids content then discharges into a pug mill 43.
If it is desired to produce a product that will have '~ utility in a particular market, suitable additives are introduced ' ; into the pug mill and mixed with the slurry. For example, if it is desired to produce a product having utility as a cattle feed supplement, such additives may include proteins and/or other ' nutrients and/or minerals; a flame retardant additive will be added if the product is intended for use as an insulation board material; an additive for a fertilizer will include plant nutrients and minerals; and an additive for a hydraseeding material , will include fertilizer and grass seed.
The material is discharged from the pug mill into a :. , granulator 44 where the product is reduced to desired size following which the product is discharged into a dryer 45"which 20 removes moisture and reduces it to proper level. The product is then discharged onto a screen classifier 46 from which the preferably sized product is removed. The oversized and under-sized product particles are recycled and reintroduced into the pug mill by a line 47.
The foregoing is intended to be exemplary and illus-trative of the apparatus and method of the present invention and not limiting. Similarly, as noted above, the apparatus and process of the present invention are useful in producing pro-ducts having utility in differing markets some examples of which have been indicated heretofore. The following examples .
.
.
1 are intended as exemplary and illustrative only, and not limiting, in connection with certain products resulting from the practice of the present invention regarding the effects of variations in pressure, temperature, cooking time, initial composition, and certain additives.
Four batches of material consisting of paper, grass, and food wastes were prepared by initial grinding, thorough mixing, and subsequent feeding into a garbage disposal unit with water running through the unit constantly thus producing pulped material in a wet state. This pulped material was then placed in a vessel and cooked for a period of time at an elevated temperature. Following the cooking step, half of the batch was removed from the cooking vessel, dried and then finish ground. The other half of each batch remaining in the cooking vessel was immediately treated by adding urea at the rate of one lb. of urea per twenty pounds of dry material.
After stirring, and being allowed to set for a few minutes, this mixture was dried and finish ground in the same manner as the other half of the batch. Samples were taken from each half of each batch and analyzed. In each of the examples enumerated below, the odd numbered samples contained no urea additive and the even numbered samples are those to which the urea addition was made.
EXAMPLES
Examples 1, 2, 5 and 6 were prepared from material con-sisting of 60% paper, 30% grass and 10% food waste. Examples 1 and 2 were cooked at 20 pounds pressure for 45 minutes and then cooked for 1 hour and 15 minutes at 0 pounds gage pressure.
At 20 pounds pressure, the temperature was 250F, and at 0 pounds ~-~
gage pressure, the temperature was 212F. In Examples 5 and 6 the material was cooked at 0 pounds gage pressure for 2 hours - , . . . . . : .
1 after the temperature had reached 212F.
The cooking treatment for Examples 3 and 4 was identical with that of Examples l and 2 but the batch material consisted of 43~ paper, 43% grass and 14% food wastes. In Examples 7 and 8 the batch material consisted of 43~ paper, 43~ grass, and 14%
food wastes, and the cooking procedure was identical with that employed in connection with 5 and 6.
A summary of the analyses of the several examples is as follows:
Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Analysis . _ . _ . _ . _ .
MOISTURE 36.14 36.15 20.20 9.49 10.54 15.85 25.91 25.68 PROTEIN 3.50 19.56 5.38 18.50 8.06 34.56 6.44 27.06 FAT 2.11 1.98 3.58 4.15 6.75 6.68 3.76 4.35 FIBER 40.60 35.60 50.32 49.00 56.30 40.25 48.13 40.00 NIT.-FREE EXTRACT 16.11 5.14 18.34 16.61 16.78 .95 13.93 1.14 ASH 1.541.57 2.18 2.25 1.57 1.71 1.83 1.52 The foregoing analyses adjusted to dry weight of material i is as follows:
Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .~ AnalYsis . . . _ .
.~ .
Protein 5.5 3.07 6.73 20.35 9.03 41.13 8.69 36.53 Fat 3.31 3.11 4.48 4.57 7.56 7.95 5.08 5.87 Fi~er 63.74 55.89 62.90 53.90 63.06 47.90 64.98 54.00 Nit.-Free Extract25.29 8.07 22.93 18.27 18.79 1.13 18.80 1.54 Ash 2.42 2.46 2.73 2.48 1.76 2.03 2.47 2.05 While the particuIar embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the invention and it is intended in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
_ g _ - :
, :
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' Disposal of the refuse still presents difficult problems. Heretofore such material has been disposed of at dumps but dumps are now considered an unsatisfactory method of disposal. In some cases the dumps have been converted to sanitary landfills where the refuse is dumped and then covered with dirt. Landfill facilities tend to reduce nuisance, pollution, and health hazards, as long as suitable fill is available and some open space is maintained downward to dissipate odors.
,. .
Additionally, where the nature of the refuse material permits, incineration disposal methods have been employed successfully to very substantially reduce volume and weight of refuse. This method of disposal is advantageous in that it leaves a residue that is unattractive to pests and permits dis-posal of the residue in open dumps or as fill material. However, most incineration methods, as currently practiced, do not meet the advanced standards of air pollution control authorities, since combustion contributes particulate matter, opacifying matter, and .
' t oxides of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide improved means and methods for obviating the above noted difficulties and to provide for the satisfactory and efficient disposition of refuse material, as well as the salvag-ing of useful material such as metals, and the recycling of organic materials to conserve natural resources.
SUMMARY
These and other objects are achieved by the present invention by a process that converts the organic matter in refuse to a useful product or to a disposable material that is sub-stantially odorless and unattractive to pests. After salvageable and non-grindable materials have been removed, the refuse is ground and continuously fed by suitable conveyor means.
Water is added and the water with the ground material suspended j therein is continuously cooked to destroy pathogens and parasitic organisms. If desired, nutrients or other additives may be added, following which the water is eliminated to convert the refuse to a dry useful product or a dry disposable material.
DESCRIPTION
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating various types of apparatus employed in the practice of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a view illustrating a typical layout of the apparatus of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the method of the present invention;
, .
':, . : ' . ' ` 1~69102 1 Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating separator apparatus;
:
Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view showing additional details of the separator and portions of the conveyor means;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of shredding apparatus;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the sterilizing apparatus.
As noted above, municipal refuse contains a mixture of many different things such as bottles, cans, grass, other small objects, waste paper, news print, cartons and the like. In accordance with the present invention it is contemplated that after collection of such refuse by refuse collection trucks, these trucks will discharge their load directly into apparatus which receives and separates the material according to the characteristics of the various constituents. For example, the material is separated or classified according to whether the objects are relatively large or small, or very fine, into objects that are salvageable, rejectable, or useable in the process of the present invention. For example, salvageable items include ferrous and non-ferrous metals as well as glass objects. Material processed according to the present invention includes fibrous material and~or food wastes which are convertible into a number of products of different types. For example, the method and product produced thereby according to the present invention may be useable to produce paper pulp, fibers for board production, fibers for roofing felt, fertilizer base, fibers for hydraseeded land reclamation, and a cattle feed supplement.
In the drawings, the apparatus employed in practicing the present invention is indicated generally at 10. Refuse is discharged from a refuse collection truck into a separator 11 .
~, 1 which includes a hopper 12 and a plurality of spaced-apart rotating drums 13 having a plurality of spikes 14 projecting outwardly from the periphery of the drum. The drums are caused to rotate by motor means ~not shown). The refuse material falls under the influence of gravity through the hopper portion and through the rotating drums. As the drums rotate, the revolving spikes operate to tear open bags and cartons and expose the contents thereof for separation along with other constituents of the refuse. The refuse falling between the rotating drums is received on a vibrating screen 15 of relatively coarse mesh, for example, nine inches, thereby allowing bottles, cans, grass and small objects to fall through the screen and onto a second vibrating screen 16 having a smaller mesh, for example, three inches. Material such as grass, dirt and fine objects falls through the second screen 16 onto an inclined pan feeder 17.
Material which is retained on the top side of screen 15 such as paper products including bags, news print, cartons, and the like pass from the vibrating screen 15 onto a conveyor 18. Similarly, the material which remains on the upper side of screen 16 such as cans, bottles and the like passes from screen 16 to a ballistic flinger 19 which separates such objects according to their density. After passing through flinger 19 any remaining desirable material such as paper products and portions thereof are picked up and returned to pneumatic system conveyor 20 via conveyor 20a. Material from the pan feeder 17 also discharges onto the pneumatic conveyor system 20 which conveys desirable material to a shredder 23. All undesirable materials are collected-and removed by a reject conveyor 22.
The shredder 23 receives material from conveyors 18 and ,, . ' . . : . .. . . . .
. - ~ , . . . :: . . . :
..
1 20. The shredder comprises a housing having a hopper or feed portion 23a and a reject chute portion 24. Within the housing is a rotor 25 having connected thereto and projecting outwardly from the periphery thereo a plurality of hammers 26. Rotor 25 is journaled for rotation within the shredder housing and is ' caused to rotate by any desirable driving means such as an ,~ electric motor (not shown). Directly below rotor 25 and closely spaced from and adjacent the outer ends of hammers 26 is a screen 27. A comb 28 is connected to the screen to provide a lO rubbing and/or wiping action relative to the hammers 26 as they ' rotate past the comb thus tending to clear the hammers 26 relative to rags and/or material such as plastic material that may tend to stick or otherwise adhere to the hammers. ' Also journaled within the shredder housing for rotation therein is a star wheel 29 having teeth 30 that mesh with the hammers 26 as is best seen in Figure 6.
i . . .
A portion of the pneumatic conveyor system 21 is dis-posed directly below screen 27 which receives material passing '~-through screen 27 and the pneumatic action of the conveyor tends Z to keep the screen clean.
, As material is received into the feed or hopper portion ; 23a of the shredder, rotation of rotor 25 and hammers 26 operates to reject metal objects and wood objects ballistically, the impact of hammers 26 serving to drive such objects outwardly ,for discharge through the reject chute portion 24. The meshing between the teeth 30 of the star wheel 29 and hammers 26 tears paper and cartons and other like material passing through the revolving star wheel and swing hammers, and material falling below the axis of rotor 25 toward screen 27 is subjected to a grinding action by the hammers 26 and the surface of screen 27 1069~02 1 thereby sizing the particles that fall through the screen and are picked up by the pneumatic conveyor 21.
After shredding the shredded material is conveyed by a pneumatic conveyor 21 to a pulper which introduces water to form a slurry having a composition of about 10% to 15%
solids. The slurry with the shredded material suspended therein discharges from a pulper 31 and passes to a liquid cyclone 32 which removes any glass or metal particles that may have escaped the earlier separation procedures. The liquid cyclone dis-charges into a decanter 33 which removes some of the water from the slurry and raises the solids content thereof to about 50%. The excess water is returned to the pulper through a line 34. The slurry now containing approximately 50% solids discharges from the decanter into a continuous cooker 35.
As best shown in Figure 7, the cooker includes a retention vessel 36 having an inlet opening 37. A screw con-veyor 38 extends partially into the retention vessel and includes a housing 39 connected to said vessel through which the slurry is pumped for discharge to the next step in the operation.
The housing 39 and the vessel 36 are jacketed at 40. Preferably, the dimensions of the screw conveyor housing 39 and those of the retention vessel 36 are sized so as to provide a retention time of about two hours from the time that incoming material is received into the vessel until it is discharged from the conveyor 38. During such retention time, steam is admitted into the space between housing 30 and jacketing 40 and the tem-perature of the slurry is maintained at about 212F for the entire retention time, thereby thermally destroying all major pathogens and parasitic organisms and the slurry and its --constituents are thereby sterilized.
I The slurry thus removed from the retention vessel and discharged by the conveyor 38 is discharged into a centrifuge 41 where more water is removed from the slurry and the solids content thereof raised to about 70~. The water thus removed ' is returned to the pulper through a line 42. The slur,y with the 70% solids content then discharges into a pug mill 43.
If it is desired to produce a product that will have '~ utility in a particular market, suitable additives are introduced ' ; into the pug mill and mixed with the slurry. For example, if it is desired to produce a product having utility as a cattle feed supplement, such additives may include proteins and/or other ' nutrients and/or minerals; a flame retardant additive will be added if the product is intended for use as an insulation board material; an additive for a fertilizer will include plant nutrients and minerals; and an additive for a hydraseeding material , will include fertilizer and grass seed.
The material is discharged from the pug mill into a :. , granulator 44 where the product is reduced to desired size following which the product is discharged into a dryer 45"which 20 removes moisture and reduces it to proper level. The product is then discharged onto a screen classifier 46 from which the preferably sized product is removed. The oversized and under-sized product particles are recycled and reintroduced into the pug mill by a line 47.
The foregoing is intended to be exemplary and illus-trative of the apparatus and method of the present invention and not limiting. Similarly, as noted above, the apparatus and process of the present invention are useful in producing pro-ducts having utility in differing markets some examples of which have been indicated heretofore. The following examples .
.
.
1 are intended as exemplary and illustrative only, and not limiting, in connection with certain products resulting from the practice of the present invention regarding the effects of variations in pressure, temperature, cooking time, initial composition, and certain additives.
Four batches of material consisting of paper, grass, and food wastes were prepared by initial grinding, thorough mixing, and subsequent feeding into a garbage disposal unit with water running through the unit constantly thus producing pulped material in a wet state. This pulped material was then placed in a vessel and cooked for a period of time at an elevated temperature. Following the cooking step, half of the batch was removed from the cooking vessel, dried and then finish ground. The other half of each batch remaining in the cooking vessel was immediately treated by adding urea at the rate of one lb. of urea per twenty pounds of dry material.
After stirring, and being allowed to set for a few minutes, this mixture was dried and finish ground in the same manner as the other half of the batch. Samples were taken from each half of each batch and analyzed. In each of the examples enumerated below, the odd numbered samples contained no urea additive and the even numbered samples are those to which the urea addition was made.
EXAMPLES
Examples 1, 2, 5 and 6 were prepared from material con-sisting of 60% paper, 30% grass and 10% food waste. Examples 1 and 2 were cooked at 20 pounds pressure for 45 minutes and then cooked for 1 hour and 15 minutes at 0 pounds gage pressure.
At 20 pounds pressure, the temperature was 250F, and at 0 pounds ~-~
gage pressure, the temperature was 212F. In Examples 5 and 6 the material was cooked at 0 pounds gage pressure for 2 hours - , . . . . . : .
1 after the temperature had reached 212F.
The cooking treatment for Examples 3 and 4 was identical with that of Examples l and 2 but the batch material consisted of 43~ paper, 43% grass and 14% food wastes. In Examples 7 and 8 the batch material consisted of 43~ paper, 43~ grass, and 14%
food wastes, and the cooking procedure was identical with that employed in connection with 5 and 6.
A summary of the analyses of the several examples is as follows:
Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Analysis . _ . _ . _ . _ .
MOISTURE 36.14 36.15 20.20 9.49 10.54 15.85 25.91 25.68 PROTEIN 3.50 19.56 5.38 18.50 8.06 34.56 6.44 27.06 FAT 2.11 1.98 3.58 4.15 6.75 6.68 3.76 4.35 FIBER 40.60 35.60 50.32 49.00 56.30 40.25 48.13 40.00 NIT.-FREE EXTRACT 16.11 5.14 18.34 16.61 16.78 .95 13.93 1.14 ASH 1.541.57 2.18 2.25 1.57 1.71 1.83 1.52 The foregoing analyses adjusted to dry weight of material i is as follows:
Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .~ AnalYsis . . . _ .
.~ .
Protein 5.5 3.07 6.73 20.35 9.03 41.13 8.69 36.53 Fat 3.31 3.11 4.48 4.57 7.56 7.95 5.08 5.87 Fi~er 63.74 55.89 62.90 53.90 63.06 47.90 64.98 54.00 Nit.-Free Extract25.29 8.07 22.93 18.27 18.79 1.13 18.80 1.54 Ash 2.42 2.46 2.73 2.48 1.76 2.03 2.47 2.05 While the particuIar embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the invention and it is intended in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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Claims (10)
1. A continuous process for converting refuse into a disposable pulverulent material comprising the steps of:
removing metal and glass from refuse containing pulverulent materials, mixing the resulting product with water to form a slurry having a solids content of about 50%, causing a continuous inflow of said slurry into a retention vessel, retaining said slurry within said vessel for a period of time ranging from about 45 minutes to about 2 hours and maintaining said slurry at a temperature from about 212°F to about 250°F while said slurry is retained within said vessel, continuously removing an outflow of said slurry from said vessel after completion to said retention time period, hereafter removing water from said slurry and increasing the solids content thereof to about 70%,and then pulverizing said solids content.
removing metal and glass from refuse containing pulverulent materials, mixing the resulting product with water to form a slurry having a solids content of about 50%, causing a continuous inflow of said slurry into a retention vessel, retaining said slurry within said vessel for a period of time ranging from about 45 minutes to about 2 hours and maintaining said slurry at a temperature from about 212°F to about 250°F while said slurry is retained within said vessel, continuously removing an outflow of said slurry from said vessel after completion to said retention time period, hereafter removing water from said slurry and increasing the solids content thereof to about 70%,and then pulverizing said solids content.
2. Process according to claim 1 and additionally including the step of introducing into said slurry a nutrimental material.
3. Process according to claim 2 and additionally granulating the mixture of said additive and the solids content of said slurry.
4. Process according to claim 3 and additionally including the step of removing the moisture from the mixture resulting from said granulating step.
5. Process according to claim 4 including the additional steps of size classifying the resulting granules, removing undesired granules, and re-introducing remaining granules into the process prior to said granulating step.
6. Process according to claim 1 and including following the removing step and prior to the pulverizing step.
7. Process according to claim 1 and additionally including the step of subjecting said slurry to density classification and remaining undesired particles.
8. Process according to claim 1 and also including, after said classification and retaining step, the additional step of removing some of the water from said slurry and re-introducing said removed water into the process at said slurry forming step.
9. Process according to claim 1 and also including, prior to said classification and retaining step, removal of some of the water from said slurry and re-introducing said removed water into the process at said slurry forming step.
10. Process according to claim 1 and additionally including, removing water from said slurry before and after said classification and retaining step and re-introducing said removed water into the system at said slurry forming step.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA224,152A CA1069102A (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1975-04-07 | Method for treating organic and inorganic waste material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA224,152A CA1069102A (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1975-04-07 | Method for treating organic and inorganic waste material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069102A true CA1069102A (en) | 1980-01-01 |
Family
ID=4102755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA224,152A Expired CA1069102A (en) | 1975-04-07 | 1975-04-07 | Method for treating organic and inorganic waste material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1069102A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-04-07 CA CA224,152A patent/CA1069102A/en not_active Expired
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