CA1069002A - Internal combustion engine throttle valve assembly - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine throttle valve assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069002A CA1069002A CA280,995A CA280995A CA1069002A CA 1069002 A CA1069002 A CA 1069002A CA 280995 A CA280995 A CA 280995A CA 1069002 A CA1069002 A CA 1069002A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- throttle
- plunger
- venturi
- throttle valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100310856 Drosophila melanogaster spri gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0215—Solid material in other stationary receptacles
- B01D11/0223—Moving bed of solid material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D2011/002—Counter-current extraction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
THROTTLE VALVE ASSEMBLY
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An automotive type internal combustion engine has throttle valves in each of the inlet manifold passages between the carburetor and engine cylinders, the throttle valves con-sisting of a venturi cooperating with a centrally movable plug together define a variable area convergent-divergent flow area for flow at sonic velocity to provide turbulent to the air/fuel mixture, which improves mixing and atomization of the fuel and therefore a more uniform mixture.
THROTTLE VALVE ASSEMBLY
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An automotive type internal combustion engine has throttle valves in each of the inlet manifold passages between the carburetor and engine cylinders, the throttle valves con-sisting of a venturi cooperating with a centrally movable plug together define a variable area convergent-divergent flow area for flow at sonic velocity to provide turbulent to the air/fuel mixture, which improves mixing and atomization of the fuel and therefore a more uniform mixture.
Description
91~
This invention rela~es to an internal combustion engine having throttle valves which assist the engine to run on lean mixtures and with low exhaust emissions.
In recent years it has been realised that the qual-ity of the combustion engine can be improved if the air/fuel mixture is subjected to the turbulence of flow at sonic velocity before being admitted to the cylinders of the engine.
The turbulence improves mixing and atomization of the fuel and thereby provides a more uniform mixture. It has further been demonstrated that turbulence oP the mixture, if i-~ continues in the combustion chamber, improves the quality of combustion and therefore further increases the air/fuel ratio at which an engine may be made to operate.
It is desirable to operate at high air/fuel ratios for reduction of exhaust emissions (particularly nitrogen oxides) and for improved economy.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine having an inlet manifold provided with a plurality of inlet passages each arranged for passing an air/fuel mixture into one of the cylinders of the engine; including a throttle valve mounted in each inlet passage, each throttle valve comprising a venturi portion and a movable streamlined plunger which forms with the venturi a convergent-divergent passage of a variable area having a sonic flow throat area which varies as a function of the position of the plunger; and one end of each plunger being pivotally connected to a link fixed to a throttle shaft common to all the throttle valves so that rota-tion of the throttle shaft produces upstream or downstream movement of the plungers relative to their respective venturi portions thereby varying the throttled area in each inlet passage while maintaining sonic flow through the throat area.
~ he invention wlll now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation o F one of the throttle valves in an engine embodying the present inven-tion;
Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the engine of the invention; and Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of one of the throttle valves.
A multiple cylinder internal combustion engine (Figure 2) suitable for use in motor vehicles comprises a cylinder block and head 10. A throttle valve assembly 11 is mounted between the cylinder head 10 and an inlet manifold 12.
A constant depression carburetor, not shown in the drawings, is mounted on the manifold at 13. The specific details of construction and operation of the carburetor are not given since they are known and, therefore, believed not to be necessary for an understanding of the invention. Whichever form of carburetor is used, however, the conventional butterfly thro~tle valve is removed since its function is carried out by the throttle valve assembly 11. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some modifications may be necessary to the carburetor to enable it to correctly function with the proposed throttle arrangements under all engine running conditions.
"~, .10~9a~0~ ,j 1 ~IFor example, an idle system wllich by-passes the -throttle may not
This invention rela~es to an internal combustion engine having throttle valves which assist the engine to run on lean mixtures and with low exhaust emissions.
In recent years it has been realised that the qual-ity of the combustion engine can be improved if the air/fuel mixture is subjected to the turbulence of flow at sonic velocity before being admitted to the cylinders of the engine.
The turbulence improves mixing and atomization of the fuel and thereby provides a more uniform mixture. It has further been demonstrated that turbulence oP the mixture, if i-~ continues in the combustion chamber, improves the quality of combustion and therefore further increases the air/fuel ratio at which an engine may be made to operate.
It is desirable to operate at high air/fuel ratios for reduction of exhaust emissions (particularly nitrogen oxides) and for improved economy.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine having an inlet manifold provided with a plurality of inlet passages each arranged for passing an air/fuel mixture into one of the cylinders of the engine; including a throttle valve mounted in each inlet passage, each throttle valve comprising a venturi portion and a movable streamlined plunger which forms with the venturi a convergent-divergent passage of a variable area having a sonic flow throat area which varies as a function of the position of the plunger; and one end of each plunger being pivotally connected to a link fixed to a throttle shaft common to all the throttle valves so that rota-tion of the throttle shaft produces upstream or downstream movement of the plungers relative to their respective venturi portions thereby varying the throttled area in each inlet passage while maintaining sonic flow through the throat area.
~ he invention wlll now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation o F one of the throttle valves in an engine embodying the present inven-tion;
Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the engine of the invention; and Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of one of the throttle valves.
A multiple cylinder internal combustion engine (Figure 2) suitable for use in motor vehicles comprises a cylinder block and head 10. A throttle valve assembly 11 is mounted between the cylinder head 10 and an inlet manifold 12.
A constant depression carburetor, not shown in the drawings, is mounted on the manifold at 13. The specific details of construction and operation of the carburetor are not given since they are known and, therefore, believed not to be necessary for an understanding of the invention. Whichever form of carburetor is used, however, the conventional butterfly thro~tle valve is removed since its function is carried out by the throttle valve assembly 11. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some modifications may be necessary to the carburetor to enable it to correctly function with the proposed throttle arrangements under all engine running conditions.
"~, .10~9a~0~ ,j 1 ~IFor example, an idle system wllich by-passes the -throttle may not
2 Ilbe used because of the new location of the throttle valves.
3 For a 4 cylinder engine, the throttle valve assembly 11 comprises four identical throttle valves 14 linked by a common throttle shaft 15 connected to a throttle or accelerator 6 control. Rotation of the throttle shaft effects simultaneous 7 opening or closing movement of the four throttles.
8 The throttle valve assembly 11 includes a casting 16 9 mounted between the cylinder head 10 and the inlet manlfold 12 and formed with short inlet passages 17 which connect the branches 11 of the inlet manifold to respective inlet passages 18 of the 12 cylinder head.
13 Each throttle valve 14 comprises a venturi insert 19 14 fitted into the engine end of the respective inlet passage 17 and a movable streamlined plunger 20.
16 The venturi inset 19 reaches into the cylinder head 17 10 to bring the narrowest portion of the passage close to the 18 respective inlet valve 21.
19 The inlet manifold end of the plunger 20 is pivotally connected by pivot pins 22 and 23 to links 24 and 25 fixed to 21 the throttle shaft 15. The throttle shaft is journalled in 22 bore 26 of the casting 16 and is offset from the inlet passages 23 17 so that it does not obstruct or disturb the flow of mixture 24 through the passages. A recess 27 is provided over the manifold end of each passage 17 to accommodate the connections between 26 the links 24, 25 and the throttle shaft. Adjustment screws 28, 27 accessible when the manifold is removed, provide for balancing 28 of the four throttles.
29 The engine end of each plunger 20 is free to engage the ~enturi insert 19 on th engine side of tbe nlet passage 17 !'`
1 ,and is al50 biased clownwardly by a spri.ncJ 29, illustrated sche~
2 II.matically in Figure 3, to prevent rattling in serv.ice. ~, 3 I As the throttle shaft is rotated between idle and
8 The throttle valve assembly 11 includes a casting 16 9 mounted between the cylinder head 10 and the inlet manlfold 12 and formed with short inlet passages 17 which connect the branches 11 of the inlet manifold to respective inlet passages 18 of the 12 cylinder head.
13 Each throttle valve 14 comprises a venturi insert 19 14 fitted into the engine end of the respective inlet passage 17 and a movable streamlined plunger 20.
16 The venturi inset 19 reaches into the cylinder head 17 10 to bring the narrowest portion of the passage close to the 18 respective inlet valve 21.
19 The inlet manifold end of the plunger 20 is pivotally connected by pivot pins 22 and 23 to links 24 and 25 fixed to 21 the throttle shaft 15. The throttle shaft is journalled in 22 bore 26 of the casting 16 and is offset from the inlet passages 23 17 so that it does not obstruct or disturb the flow of mixture 24 through the passages. A recess 27 is provided over the manifold end of each passage 17 to accommodate the connections between 26 the links 24, 25 and the throttle shaft. Adjustment screws 28, 27 accessible when the manifold is removed, provide for balancing 28 of the four throttles.
29 The engine end of each plunger 20 is free to engage the ~enturi insert 19 on th engine side of tbe nlet passage 17 !'`
1 ,and is al50 biased clownwardly by a spri.ncJ 29, illustrated sche~
2 II.matically in Figure 3, to prevent rattling in serv.ice. ~, 3 I As the throttle shaft is rotated between idle and
4 Iwide open throttle positions, the plungers 20 move in u~ison -¦from the position 20A through position 20B to positlon 20C as 6 ¦shown in Figure 1.
7 It will be appreciated that in each position each 8 plunger 20 in association with the venturi insert 19 forms a g passage whose cross~sectional area fi.rst converges anA then 1~ -. diverges in the direction of mixture flow. The a.rea of minimum 11 cross-section is controlled by the throttle valve position. It 12 has been shown that this form of convergent-divergent passage 13 is hiyhly effective in creating turbulent flow of the mixture~
14 Because of the location of the throttle valves close to the '5 inlet valves, this turbulence is propagated into the combustion 16 chamber, where it enhances mixing of and complete combustion of 17 the charge.
18 Because the throttle valves are the main restriction 19 to mixture flow into the cylinders, and by virtue of the conver-gent-divergent shape of the passages, there is flow at sonic 21 velocity through the throttle valves during all engine operation 22 conditions except full throttle.
23 ¦ Important advantages of the throttle valve arrange-24 ¦ments described herein are:
a. because flow through the throttle valves is 26 mainly at sonic velocity, the carburetor is isolated 27 from pressure variations in the intake parts and 28 hence provides more accurate and consistent fuel 29 meterin~;
1~900'~ ~
1 ll b. -the aclverse mixture distribution effcc-ts of the 2 I conventi.onal butterfly throttle are avoided;
c. the i.nlet manifold itself is not subjected to 4 high vacuum during certain engine operating conditions such as rapid deceleration, thereby avoiding transient 6 jover-rich mixture effects that occur when wet fuel 7 is evaporated from the manlfold walls;
8 d. idle operating conditions are particularly 9 improved by the turbulence and mixing effects of the proposed throttle valve arrangement and by in-11 creasing the idle burn rate, idle hydrocarbon and 12 carbon monoxide emissions are reduced.
13 The proposed throttle valve arrangements assist in 14 running an engine smoothly at lean air/fuel mixtures of the order 18:1. Such lean mixtures are conducive to low exhaust 16 emissions of nitrogen oxide.
17 It is preferred to use a constant depression car-18 buretor with the throttle valve arrangement of the present 19 invention but a fuel injection system which injects controlled amounts of fuel into the inlet manifold may be used. A fixed 21 choke carburetor could also be used but special provisions 22 would have to be made for providing a suitable mixture under 23 idle and progressive conditions.
24 While the invention has been described and illustrated in its pxeferred embodiment, it will be clear to those skilled 26 in the arts to which it pertains that many changes and modifica-27 tions may be made thereto without departing fxom the scope of the 28 invention.
~5-
7 It will be appreciated that in each position each 8 plunger 20 in association with the venturi insert 19 forms a g passage whose cross~sectional area fi.rst converges anA then 1~ -. diverges in the direction of mixture flow. The a.rea of minimum 11 cross-section is controlled by the throttle valve position. It 12 has been shown that this form of convergent-divergent passage 13 is hiyhly effective in creating turbulent flow of the mixture~
14 Because of the location of the throttle valves close to the '5 inlet valves, this turbulence is propagated into the combustion 16 chamber, where it enhances mixing of and complete combustion of 17 the charge.
18 Because the throttle valves are the main restriction 19 to mixture flow into the cylinders, and by virtue of the conver-gent-divergent shape of the passages, there is flow at sonic 21 velocity through the throttle valves during all engine operation 22 conditions except full throttle.
23 ¦ Important advantages of the throttle valve arrange-24 ¦ments described herein are:
a. because flow through the throttle valves is 26 mainly at sonic velocity, the carburetor is isolated 27 from pressure variations in the intake parts and 28 hence provides more accurate and consistent fuel 29 meterin~;
1~900'~ ~
1 ll b. -the aclverse mixture distribution effcc-ts of the 2 I conventi.onal butterfly throttle are avoided;
c. the i.nlet manifold itself is not subjected to 4 high vacuum during certain engine operating conditions such as rapid deceleration, thereby avoiding transient 6 jover-rich mixture effects that occur when wet fuel 7 is evaporated from the manlfold walls;
8 d. idle operating conditions are particularly 9 improved by the turbulence and mixing effects of the proposed throttle valve arrangement and by in-11 creasing the idle burn rate, idle hydrocarbon and 12 carbon monoxide emissions are reduced.
13 The proposed throttle valve arrangements assist in 14 running an engine smoothly at lean air/fuel mixtures of the order 18:1. Such lean mixtures are conducive to low exhaust 16 emissions of nitrogen oxide.
17 It is preferred to use a constant depression car-18 buretor with the throttle valve arrangement of the present 19 invention but a fuel injection system which injects controlled amounts of fuel into the inlet manifold may be used. A fixed 21 choke carburetor could also be used but special provisions 22 would have to be made for providing a suitable mixture under 23 idle and progressive conditions.
24 While the invention has been described and illustrated in its pxeferred embodiment, it will be clear to those skilled 26 in the arts to which it pertains that many changes and modifica-27 tions may be made thereto without departing fxom the scope of the 28 invention.
~5-
Claims (6)
1. A multiple cylinder internal combustion engine having an inlet manifold provided with a plurality of inlet passages each arranged for passing an air/fuel mixture into one of the cylinders of the engine; including a throttle valve mounted in each inlet passage, each throttle valve comprising a venturi portion and a movable streamlined plunger which forms with the venturi a convergent-divergent passage of a variable area having a sonic flow throat area which varies as a function of the position of the plunger; and one end of each plunger being pivotally connected to a link fixed to a throttle shaft common to all the throttle valves so that rota-tion of the throttle shaft produces upstream or downstream movement of the plungers relative to their respective venturi portions thereby varying the throttled area in each inlet passage while maintaining sonic flow through the throat area.
2. An engine as claimed in Claim 1 in which each plunger is mounted upstream of its respective venturi position and at its upstream end is connected to the throttle shaft.
3. An engine as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which each plunger is spring biased into contact with a side of its respective inlet passage.
4. An engine as claimed in Claim 1 in which the throttle shaft extends across a recess in the side of each inlet passage.
5. An engine as claimed in Claim 1 including a cylinder head through which the inlet passages extend to their respec-tive cylinders, the venturi portion of each throttle valve being disposed at the entry of its respective inlet passage to the cylinder head.
6. An engine as claimed in Claim 5 in which each venturi portion extends into the cylinder head.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB45076A GB1575704A (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Elutriation column |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069002A true CA1069002A (en) | 1980-01-01 |
Family
ID=9704566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA280,995A Expired CA1069002A (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1977-06-21 | Internal combustion engine throttle valve assembly |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1069002A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1575704A (en) |
-
1976
- 1976-06-25 GB GB45076A patent/GB1575704A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-06-21 CA CA280,995A patent/CA1069002A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1575704A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |