CA1068828A - Deflection waveform correction signal generator - Google Patents
Deflection waveform correction signal generatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1068828A CA1068828A CA232,116A CA232116A CA1068828A CA 1068828 A CA1068828 A CA 1068828A CA 232116 A CA232116 A CA 232116A CA 1068828 A CA1068828 A CA 1068828A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- waveform
- deflection
- coupled
- correction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
- H04N3/22—Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
- H04N3/23—Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction
- H04N3/233—Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction using active elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K6/00—Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K6/04—Modifying slopes of pulses, e.g. S-correction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
DEFLECTION WAVEFORM CORRECTION
SIGNAL GENERATOR
Abstract of the Disclosure Cascaded multipliers are coupled to a source providing a periodic sawtooth deflection waveform, the amplitude of which varies with variations in the high voltage applied to an accelerating anode of a kinescope.
The sawtooth signal is cubed by the cascaded multipliers and multiplied by the inverse square of a voltage which varies with changes in the kinescope anode potential.
The system thus incorporates S-correction and means for correcting the deflection waveform to compensate for changes in the high voltage supplied to the kinescope anode.
SIGNAL GENERATOR
Abstract of the Disclosure Cascaded multipliers are coupled to a source providing a periodic sawtooth deflection waveform, the amplitude of which varies with variations in the high voltage applied to an accelerating anode of a kinescope.
The sawtooth signal is cubed by the cascaded multipliers and multiplied by the inverse square of a voltage which varies with changes in the kinescope anode potential.
The system thus incorporates S-correction and means for correcting the deflection waveform to compensate for changes in the high voltage supplied to the kinescope anode.
Description
RCA 68,219 This invention relates to arrangements for providing deflection correction waveforms for kinescopes.
It is known that coupled multipliers may be used to provide kinescope deflection waveform S-corxection for modifying the shape of substantially linearly varying deflection waveforms. S-shaping of the deflection waveform is necessary to correct the deflection scanning rate of an electron beam impinging upon the display face of a substantially flat-faced kinescope. The S-correcting waveform is typically a "third power" waveform of the substantially linearly varying deflection sawtooth waveform.
Other types of derlection waveform corrections are frequently provided to the substantially linearly varying IS deflection waveform to insure that the information contained ~-in the electron beam is accurately displayed on the kinescope face. For example, it is known that to achieve deflection which is non-varying with changes in kinescope anode accelerating voltage, the deflection current waveform must vary directly with the square root of the high voltage applied to the accelerating anode of the kinescope. See,~ -e.g., Boekhorst, A. and Stolk, J., Televlsion Deflection - Systems, Philips Technical Library, 1962, 4.1.2.
Typically, the correction necessary to achieve non-varying deflection with changes in accelerating anode voltage is provided by varying the deflection waveform directly as the sum of a constant voltage and a voltage related to the accelerating anode voltage. This is ~`~
frequently achieved by charging a capacitor in the deflection waveform generator from two current sources.
It is known that coupled multipliers may be used to provide kinescope deflection waveform S-corxection for modifying the shape of substantially linearly varying deflection waveforms. S-shaping of the deflection waveform is necessary to correct the deflection scanning rate of an electron beam impinging upon the display face of a substantially flat-faced kinescope. The S-correcting waveform is typically a "third power" waveform of the substantially linearly varying deflection sawtooth waveform.
Other types of derlection waveform corrections are frequently provided to the substantially linearly varying IS deflection waveform to insure that the information contained ~-in the electron beam is accurately displayed on the kinescope face. For example, it is known that to achieve deflection which is non-varying with changes in kinescope anode accelerating voltage, the deflection current waveform must vary directly with the square root of the high voltage applied to the accelerating anode of the kinescope. See,~ -e.g., Boekhorst, A. and Stolk, J., Televlsion Deflection - Systems, Philips Technical Library, 1962, 4.1.2.
Typically, the correction necessary to achieve non-varying deflection with changes in accelerating anode voltage is provided by varying the deflection waveform directly as the sum of a constant voltage and a voltage related to the accelerating anode voltage. This is ~`~
frequently achieved by charging a capacitor in the deflection waveform generator from two current sources.
-2-RCA 68,219 10t~8828 1 One source provides substantially constant current and the other provides current which varies directly with changes in the accelerating voltage. The voltage provided across the capacitor is thus corrected for changes in the accelerating voltage since the sum of a constant voltage and an accelerat-ing voltage-related voltage is proportional to the first two terms of a Taylor's series expansion of the square root of the accelerating voltage, However, where other deflection waveform correc-tions, such as S-correction, take place intermediate the accelerating anode voltage correction and the deflection ; winding, the final anode voltage correction will be changed ` by these intermediate corrections so that it will no longer provide the square root relation nece`ssary to correct for changes in the accelerating anode voltage.
`'. ':
In accordance with the invention, a deflection ` ~ waveform correction system is provided for compensating the ` deflection waveform for S-correction and the effects of high voltage changes. A deflection sawtooth waveform generator is coupled to a source of voltage related to the square root of the high voltage and responsive thereto for imparting changes . ~
, ~ of the voltage to a first sawtooth waveform. First means are coupled to the sawtooth waveform generator and to the source . .
of voltage for decoupling the voltage variations from the ' ~ sawtooth waveform and for producing an S-corrected second sawtooth waveform which is substantially independent of the voltage changes. Second means are coupled to the first means for combining the S-corrected second sawtooth waveform with the first sawtooth waveform including the voltage changes for RCA 68,219 1 producing a third sawtooth waveform which is S-corrected and compensated directly proportional to the square root of the high voltage.
The invention may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings of which:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a partly block and partly schematic diagram of a system utilizing a preferred embodiment of the invention; and FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
..
In FIGURE 1, a pulse at twice the horizontal deflection frequency is coupled from, for example, a horizon-tal oscillator (not shown) to an input terminal 2fH of a count-down vertical sync generator 201. Count-down vertical :`
sync generator 201 may be one of several known types of cou~
down vertical deflection circuits which provide output signals at the vertical deflection rate similar to those illustrated by waveform 402. A received vertical sync pulse is coupled from a sync separator (not shown) to an input terminal fv f count-down system 201. In such systems, the doubled horizon-` tal frequency pulse at 2fH is generally divided to produce a pulse at the vertical sync rate, the phase of which is then compared to the received vertical sync pulse coupled to terminal fv~ The received vertical sync at terminal fv is thus used to update the internally generated vertical sync signal obtained by dividing the doubled horizontal rate pulse at terminal 2fH, thereby insuring that the internally gene-rated pulse is in sync with the received vertical sync.
-4 f .
.
RCA 68,219 10fà~828 1 Signal 402 at the vertical deflection rate is coupled from vertical count-down system 201 to the base of a vertical sawtooth discharge switch transistor 203. The emitter of transistor 203 is grounded. The collector of transistor 203 is coupled through two diodes 205 and 207 to a terminal of a vertical sawtooth capacitor 209. The remaining terminal of capacitor 209 is grounded. Capacitor 209 is coupled to a voltage supply terminal HV through a resistor 210 and to a voltage supply terminal B~ through a resistor 211. Capacitor 209 is also coupled to an input terminal of -an amplifier 212. Feedback is coupled from the output terminal of amplifier 212 through a resistor 215 to the input `~ terminal of amplifier 212. The voltage source of terminal HV
is related to the final anode potential of the receiver kinescope and varies therewith.
The output terminal of amplifier 212 is also coupled through a coupling circuit 216 to the input terminal of an amplifier 217. The output terminal of amplifier 217 is coupled to an input terminal S of a waveform correction generator 230. Voltage source B~
is coupled through a resistor 133 to a terminal K of waveform correction generator 230. The voltage source at terminal HV is coupled through a resistor 131 to terminal K. The output terminal of amplifier 217 is also 2S coupled to an input terminal of a signal combining circuit 241. An output terminal of waveform correction generator 230 is also coupled to an input terminal of .
combining circuit 241.
The output terminal of combining circuit 241 is coupled to vertical deflection driver amplifier 243. The ~828 RCA 68,219 1 output terminal of amplifier 243 is coupled to a ~uasi-complementary symmetry transistor output stage comprising transistors 245, 247, 248 and 249. The base of transistor 247 is coupled to the output terminal of driver 243 through base-emitter voltaqe offset diodes 246. The bases of transistors 247 and 245 are biased by coupling the B+
supply through a resistor 270 to diodes 246.
The junction of the emitter of transistor 248 and the collector of transistor 249 forms the output terminal of the vertical deflection amplifier. A deflection winding 251 is coupled through a blocking capacitor 250 to this output terminal and through a feedback resistor 252 to ground. A series resistive divider comprising two resistors 254 and 255 is also coupled across the output ;~ lS terminal and ground. The alternating current voltage signal across feedback resistor 252 is supplied by a capacitor 260 through a portion of a potentiometer 258 ` to the input terminal of driver stage 243. Direct current feedback obtained from the junction of resistors 254 and 255 is supplied to the input terminal to driver 243 ` through potentiometer 258.
The output signal from amplifier 243 drives the -output amplifier. During the first portion of the vertical deflection trace interval when the signal level at the bases of transistors 245 and 247 is least positive, transistors 245 and 249 conduct, causing deflection current to flow in a first direction through deflection winding 251 and feedback resistor 252 to discharge capacitor 250. As the output waveform of driver amplifier 243 becomes more positive, transistors 247 and 248 become more : , . : ... ~, .....
RCA 68,219 :10~38~8 I conductive causing current to flow in a second direction through feedback resistor 252 and deflection winding 251 as capacitor 250 charges through the collector-emitter path of transistor 248.
Elements 201, 203, 205, 207, 212, 217, 230, 241 and 243 of the system may be designed for placement on an integrated circuit chip.
During operation, signal 402 generated at an output terminal of vertica:l count-down generator 201 is : 10 coupled to the base of transistor 203. Signal 402 drives transistor 203 into saturation during the vertical deflection retrace interval, discharging sawtooth generating capacitor 209 to a minimum voltage equal to the saturation collector-emitter drop of transistor 203 plus the forward drops of diodes 205 and 207. Diodes 205 and 207 may or may not be used, as the minimum input voltage sensitivity of amplifier 212 dictates.
As the positive-going pulse portion of waveform 402 terminates, transistor 203 is switched off and capacitor 209 begins to charge through resistors 210 and 211 from the I voltage supplies at B+ and HV. Additionally, feedback voltage is supplied from the output terminal of amplifier 212 through feedback resistor 215.
In the system illustrated in FIGURE 1, the voltage 2S gain of amplifier stage 212 is chosen to be some value.
Assuming for purposes of this discussion a voltage gain of A, the output voltage eO of amplifier 212 may be written as A times the input voltage ei of amplifier 212 or eO = Aei. The currents I210 (current through resistor 210), I211 (current through resistor 211), I209 (charging current ..
RCA 68,219 .
1 of capacitor 209) and I215 (feedback current through resistor 215) can be written as follows, disregarding the input current to amplifier 212:
HV - eO B+ - eO
(1) I210 = R A , 211 R
eO ~ eO
I215 R215 ~ and I209 I210 I211 I215 where R210, R211 and R215 are the resistances of resistors 210, 211, and 215, respectively.
However, it is also known that I209 may be ~ written as ; (2) I209 = C209dei C209 o . dt A dt where C209 is the capacitance of capacitor 209. Thus,
`'. ':
In accordance with the invention, a deflection ` ~ waveform correction system is provided for compensating the ` deflection waveform for S-correction and the effects of high voltage changes. A deflection sawtooth waveform generator is coupled to a source of voltage related to the square root of the high voltage and responsive thereto for imparting changes . ~
, ~ of the voltage to a first sawtooth waveform. First means are coupled to the sawtooth waveform generator and to the source . .
of voltage for decoupling the voltage variations from the ' ~ sawtooth waveform and for producing an S-corrected second sawtooth waveform which is substantially independent of the voltage changes. Second means are coupled to the first means for combining the S-corrected second sawtooth waveform with the first sawtooth waveform including the voltage changes for RCA 68,219 1 producing a third sawtooth waveform which is S-corrected and compensated directly proportional to the square root of the high voltage.
The invention may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings of which:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a partly block and partly schematic diagram of a system utilizing a preferred embodiment of the invention; and FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
..
In FIGURE 1, a pulse at twice the horizontal deflection frequency is coupled from, for example, a horizon-tal oscillator (not shown) to an input terminal 2fH of a count-down vertical sync generator 201. Count-down vertical :`
sync generator 201 may be one of several known types of cou~
down vertical deflection circuits which provide output signals at the vertical deflection rate similar to those illustrated by waveform 402. A received vertical sync pulse is coupled from a sync separator (not shown) to an input terminal fv f count-down system 201. In such systems, the doubled horizon-` tal frequency pulse at 2fH is generally divided to produce a pulse at the vertical sync rate, the phase of which is then compared to the received vertical sync pulse coupled to terminal fv~ The received vertical sync at terminal fv is thus used to update the internally generated vertical sync signal obtained by dividing the doubled horizontal rate pulse at terminal 2fH, thereby insuring that the internally gene-rated pulse is in sync with the received vertical sync.
-4 f .
.
RCA 68,219 10fà~828 1 Signal 402 at the vertical deflection rate is coupled from vertical count-down system 201 to the base of a vertical sawtooth discharge switch transistor 203. The emitter of transistor 203 is grounded. The collector of transistor 203 is coupled through two diodes 205 and 207 to a terminal of a vertical sawtooth capacitor 209. The remaining terminal of capacitor 209 is grounded. Capacitor 209 is coupled to a voltage supply terminal HV through a resistor 210 and to a voltage supply terminal B~ through a resistor 211. Capacitor 209 is also coupled to an input terminal of -an amplifier 212. Feedback is coupled from the output terminal of amplifier 212 through a resistor 215 to the input `~ terminal of amplifier 212. The voltage source of terminal HV
is related to the final anode potential of the receiver kinescope and varies therewith.
The output terminal of amplifier 212 is also coupled through a coupling circuit 216 to the input terminal of an amplifier 217. The output terminal of amplifier 217 is coupled to an input terminal S of a waveform correction generator 230. Voltage source B~
is coupled through a resistor 133 to a terminal K of waveform correction generator 230. The voltage source at terminal HV is coupled through a resistor 131 to terminal K. The output terminal of amplifier 217 is also 2S coupled to an input terminal of a signal combining circuit 241. An output terminal of waveform correction generator 230 is also coupled to an input terminal of .
combining circuit 241.
The output terminal of combining circuit 241 is coupled to vertical deflection driver amplifier 243. The ~828 RCA 68,219 1 output terminal of amplifier 243 is coupled to a ~uasi-complementary symmetry transistor output stage comprising transistors 245, 247, 248 and 249. The base of transistor 247 is coupled to the output terminal of driver 243 through base-emitter voltaqe offset diodes 246. The bases of transistors 247 and 245 are biased by coupling the B+
supply through a resistor 270 to diodes 246.
The junction of the emitter of transistor 248 and the collector of transistor 249 forms the output terminal of the vertical deflection amplifier. A deflection winding 251 is coupled through a blocking capacitor 250 to this output terminal and through a feedback resistor 252 to ground. A series resistive divider comprising two resistors 254 and 255 is also coupled across the output ;~ lS terminal and ground. The alternating current voltage signal across feedback resistor 252 is supplied by a capacitor 260 through a portion of a potentiometer 258 ` to the input terminal of driver stage 243. Direct current feedback obtained from the junction of resistors 254 and 255 is supplied to the input terminal to driver 243 ` through potentiometer 258.
The output signal from amplifier 243 drives the -output amplifier. During the first portion of the vertical deflection trace interval when the signal level at the bases of transistors 245 and 247 is least positive, transistors 245 and 249 conduct, causing deflection current to flow in a first direction through deflection winding 251 and feedback resistor 252 to discharge capacitor 250. As the output waveform of driver amplifier 243 becomes more positive, transistors 247 and 248 become more : , . : ... ~, .....
RCA 68,219 :10~38~8 I conductive causing current to flow in a second direction through feedback resistor 252 and deflection winding 251 as capacitor 250 charges through the collector-emitter path of transistor 248.
Elements 201, 203, 205, 207, 212, 217, 230, 241 and 243 of the system may be designed for placement on an integrated circuit chip.
During operation, signal 402 generated at an output terminal of vertica:l count-down generator 201 is : 10 coupled to the base of transistor 203. Signal 402 drives transistor 203 into saturation during the vertical deflection retrace interval, discharging sawtooth generating capacitor 209 to a minimum voltage equal to the saturation collector-emitter drop of transistor 203 plus the forward drops of diodes 205 and 207. Diodes 205 and 207 may or may not be used, as the minimum input voltage sensitivity of amplifier 212 dictates.
As the positive-going pulse portion of waveform 402 terminates, transistor 203 is switched off and capacitor 209 begins to charge through resistors 210 and 211 from the I voltage supplies at B+ and HV. Additionally, feedback voltage is supplied from the output terminal of amplifier 212 through feedback resistor 215.
In the system illustrated in FIGURE 1, the voltage 2S gain of amplifier stage 212 is chosen to be some value.
Assuming for purposes of this discussion a voltage gain of A, the output voltage eO of amplifier 212 may be written as A times the input voltage ei of amplifier 212 or eO = Aei. The currents I210 (current through resistor 210), I211 (current through resistor 211), I209 (charging current ..
RCA 68,219 .
1 of capacitor 209) and I215 (feedback current through resistor 215) can be written as follows, disregarding the input current to amplifier 212:
HV - eO B+ - eO
(1) I210 = R A , 211 R
eO ~ eO
I215 R215 ~ and I209 I210 I211 I215 where R210, R211 and R215 are the resistances of resistors 210, 211, and 215, respectively.
However, it is also known that I209 may be ~ written as ; (2) I209 = C209dei C209 o . dt A dt where C209 is the capacitance of capacitor 209. Thus,
(3) C de eO ( AR215 AR211 AR210 210 Choosing as a value of the feedback resistance R215 3 210R211(A - 1) = R ylelds ~ .
. ~ 20
. ~ 20
(4) eOA [ HV + B+
dtC209 R210 R211 Integrating both sides of expression (4) gives us an expression for the output voltage of amplifier 212 .: .
dtC209 R210 R211 Integrating both sides of expression (4) gives us an expression for the output voltage of amplifier 212 .: .
(5) eO = cA ( R + R )t.
It may be seen that equation (5) is linearly dependent upon time t after the end of the positive going discharge pulse of waveform 402 and upon the high voltage-related voltage HV, assuming B~ is constant.
''''`
,. . . . . .
RCA 68,219 106~828 1 This output voltac~e eO is coupled through network 216 and amplified in amplifier 217 and appears substantially as illustrated in waveform 404, assuming substantial variation from linear charging due to changes in the final anodc potential and thus in the voltage coupled to terminal HV. Waveform correction generator 230 contains a pair of cascaded multipliers for cubing the linear component of waveform 404 at terminal S. In this manner, S-shaping of the deflection waveform in deflection winding 251 is ; 10 achieved. However, it may be seen that if the high voltage ; related component of waveform 404 is also cubed, then the output waveform of the deflection system, the current in ; winding 251, will vary as the cube of changes in the final anode voltage. This, of course, will undesirably affect the deflection since deflection current must vary directly with the square root of the high voltage to achieve high voltage invariant deflection.
To prevent the current in winding 251 from reflecting the cube of the accelerating anode voltage changes, the cascaded multipliers of waveform correction generator ; 230 are chosen to provide an additional correction, that -being to correct waveform 506, the output signal at terminal O, to prevent the cube of the high voltage correction from appearing as a component thereof. To this end, the same voltage supplies, B+ and HV, which supply charging current for sawtooth capacitor 209 are coupled to input terminal K
of waveform correction generator 230.
It may be seen from the following calculations that the variable high voltage related to the voltage coupled to terminal HV is approximately directly proportional to _g_ RCA 68,219 106~i828 1 the sum of the variable high voltage and the nominal value of the high voltage.
For purposes of explanation, let Ho be a constant equal the nominal high voltage coupled to the kinescope anode and h equal the actual high voltage coupled to the kinescope anode. The square root of the actual high voltage / h may be represented by a Taylor's series expansion about Ho~
A function of h defined as f(h), may be represented by its Taylor's series
It may be seen that equation (5) is linearly dependent upon time t after the end of the positive going discharge pulse of waveform 402 and upon the high voltage-related voltage HV, assuming B~ is constant.
''''`
,. . . . . .
RCA 68,219 106~828 1 This output voltac~e eO is coupled through network 216 and amplified in amplifier 217 and appears substantially as illustrated in waveform 404, assuming substantial variation from linear charging due to changes in the final anodc potential and thus in the voltage coupled to terminal HV. Waveform correction generator 230 contains a pair of cascaded multipliers for cubing the linear component of waveform 404 at terminal S. In this manner, S-shaping of the deflection waveform in deflection winding 251 is ; 10 achieved. However, it may be seen that if the high voltage ; related component of waveform 404 is also cubed, then the output waveform of the deflection system, the current in ; winding 251, will vary as the cube of changes in the final anode voltage. This, of course, will undesirably affect the deflection since deflection current must vary directly with the square root of the high voltage to achieve high voltage invariant deflection.
To prevent the current in winding 251 from reflecting the cube of the accelerating anode voltage changes, the cascaded multipliers of waveform correction generator ; 230 are chosen to provide an additional correction, that -being to correct waveform 506, the output signal at terminal O, to prevent the cube of the high voltage correction from appearing as a component thereof. To this end, the same voltage supplies, B+ and HV, which supply charging current for sawtooth capacitor 209 are coupled to input terminal K
of waveform correction generator 230.
It may be seen from the following calculations that the variable high voltage related to the voltage coupled to terminal HV is approximately directly proportional to _g_ RCA 68,219 106~i828 1 the sum of the variable high voltage and the nominal value of the high voltage.
For purposes of explanation, let Ho be a constant equal the nominal high voltage coupled to the kinescope anode and h equal the actual high voltage coupled to the kinescope anode. The square root of the actual high voltage / h may be represented by a Taylor's series expansion about Ho~
A function of h defined as f(h), may be represented by its Taylor's series
(6) n-o nl [ (Ho)](h _ HO)n where f( )(Ho) represents the nth derivative of the function f(h) with respect to h at the voltage Ho and (h - HO)n is, lS of course, the nth power of (h - Ho). Thsrefore,
(7) f(h) =If()(Ho)(h - Ho) + f( )(Ho)(h - HO)1 ..
The function f(h) thus represented may be fairly closely approximated by the first two terms thereof:
The function f(h) thus represented may be fairly closely approximated by the first two terms thereof:
(8) f(h) ~ f(Ho) + f(l)(Ho)(h - Ho) or, for f(h) = hl/2, hl/2~ Hl/2 + 12 H-1/2(h - H ) Simplifying, 2S (9) hl/2 = ~o h o -Since Ho is a constant, the square root of the actual high voltage (i.e., hl/2) is approximately directly proportional to the sum of the constant nominal high voltage Ho and the variable high voltage h. Similarly, the square root of the --10-- ., ~.
, ..
RCA 68,219 1 actual high voltage is approximately directly proportional to any multiple of the sum of Ho and h. It may be seen that the voltage supplies B+ and HV may be chosen to provide these multiples of the constant nominal high voltage Ho and the variable high voltage h, respectively.
It may be seen rom equation (5) that the output signal from amplifier 212 and, thus, the signal at terminal S, can be made proportional to the voltage HV and to B+
, by proper scaling of resistors 210 and 211. Thus, the signal at terminal S is proportional to (Ho + h)/2Ho/
and approximately proportional to hl/2. The signal illustrated by waveform 404 at terminal S may be written as (10) eS = FeO = FV(Ho + h)t where F and V are appropriate constants and eO is the output voltage of amplifier 212.
Voltage supplies HV and B+ are coupled to terminal K of waveform correction generator 230 of FIGURE 1 and control a current generator which generates a current 2a therein. Therefore, an input current 2a to the waveform ` 20 : correction circuit's multipliers can also be made proportional to Ho + h by proper scaling of resistors 131 and 133. The current can thus be made equal to M(Ho + h) where M is an appropriate constant. Output terminal O of waveform ; correction generator 230 supplies a signal 506 which is - -proportional to -x3/a2 where x is proportional to the signal coupled to terminal S. Combining circuit 241 adds waveform 506 to waveform 404 at terminal S to achieve waveform 410 ~-at the output terminal of combining circuit 241. Waveform 410 thus will be proportional to eS a2 How .. . .
RCA 68,219 10~8~'~8 1 x, the input current to the multipliers from terminal S, being proportional to the signal coupled to terminal S, may be written as x = Les or x = LFeO, L being an appropriate constant.
Thus, e410, the signal illustrated by waveform 410 of FIGURE 1, may be written as follows:
(Les ) (11) e410 es M2(H + h) L3F3V3(H + h)3t3 10 Then, e410 = FV(Ho + h)t ~ 2 2 or, (12) e410 = FV(Ho + h)t ~ 2 F V (Ho + h)t .
Since the current through deflection yoke 251 is directly lS proportional to e410, it is directly proportional to (Ho + h). But, (Ho + h) is approximately directly - proportional to hl/2 as equation (9) indicates. Thus, the yoke current is substantially directly proportional to the square root of the high voltage, and the vertical scan is therefore substantially independent of changes in the high voltage.
The system of FIGURE 1 thus provides at the output of combining circuit 241 S-correction directly proportional to the cube of the input signal at terminal S and a means for rendering vertical deflection substantially independent of changes in the high voltage apPlied to the kinescope anode.
From equations (10) and (11), it may be seen that with the disclosed system the percentage S-correction achieved is `
independent of changes in the high voltage since ~-(13) x3/a2 L3F3V3t3(Ho + h)3/M2(Ho + h)2 S FV(Ho + h)t M
RCA 68,219 10~8828 1 To achieve the desired _ x2 correcting signal at terminal O of waveform correction generator 230, the circuit of FIGURE 2 is used.
Referring to FIGURE 2, a preferred embodiment of waveform correction generator 230 of FIGURE 1, the collector of a first current source transistor Ql is coupled to the emitter of a second transistor Q7. The collector of Q7 is coupled to supply voltage B+. Its base is coupled to a supply voltage B2. The base of Ql is coupled to a supply voltage B3. Voltages B2 and B3 are provided by a series voltage divider comprising resistors 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107 and diode 106 serially coupled between the B+ voltage supply and ground.
-~ The emitter of Ql is coupled to the collector of 15 another current source Q41' This configuration is duplicated by a transistor Q4 and a transistor Qlo, the :
main curxent conducting paths of which are serially coupled between B+ and the collector of a current source Q42.
The bases of two transistors Q2 and Q5 are coupled 20 to the emitter of Ql The bases of two transistors Q3 and Q6 are coupled to the emitter of Q4. The emitters of Q2 and Q3 are joined as are the emitters of Q5 and Q6' The collectors of Q2 and Q6 are joined as are the collectors of Q3 and Q5. Transistors Ql through Q6 comprise a first multiplier M~
This multiplier configuration is duplicated by Q8' Q9' Qll' Q]2~ the bases of Q8 and Ql being attached to the emitter of Q7 and the bases of Qg and Q12 --being attaclled to the emitter of Qlo. Transistors Q7 through s Q12 comprise a second multiplier M2. The joined collectors s -13-,~
~ 8~8 RCA 68,219 1 of Q2 and Q6 are coupled tothe joined emitters of Q8 and Qg.
The joined collectors of Q3 and Q5 are coupled to the joined emitters of Qll and Q12' Multipliers Ml and M2 are thus coupled in cascade.
The joined emitters of Q2 and Q3 are coupled to the collectors of a transistor Q43 of a differential pair comprising Q43 and a transistor Q44. The collector of Q44 is coupled to the joined emitters of Q5 and Q6. The emitters of Q43 and Q44 are coupled through a pair of resistors 125 and 126. The junction of resistors 125 and 126 is coupled to the collector of a current source ~`- transistor Q51' the emitter of which is coupled through . a resistor 128 to ground. The base of Q5i is biased at the ~ `
drop across the series combination of diode 106 and resistor 107.
The emitters of Q4i and Q42 are joined in differential configuration through a pair of resistors 121 and 122. The junction of resistors 121 and 122 is coupled to the anode of a blocking diode 10-8, the cathode 20 of which is coupled to a current source comprising three ;~
tranSistors Q52' Q53 and Q60 and a diode 109. This current source is biased by the voltage at terminal K which `
is supplied from the voltage source coupled to terminal HV
through resistor 131 and from the B+ voltage source through resistor 133. This current source is keyed off during the neqative going portion of a vertical rate blanking pulse waveorm 401 coupled to terminal V, the base of Q60' This waveform is available as a positive going blanking pulse 401 ~:
at terminal K.
Terminal S, the base of Q41' and Q42 are joined , RCA 68,219 1 through series resistors 115 and 123. The base of Q41 is coupled to the base of Q43. The base of Q42 is coupled to the base of Q44. The junction of resistors 115 and 123 is coupled to ground through resistor 124. The emitter of a transistor Q70 is coupled to the junction of resistors 115, 123 and 124. The collector of Q70 is coupled to the B+
supply and its base is biased at the voltage established at the junction of resistors 104 and 105.
The bases of a pair of transistors Q71 and Q72 are coupled to a supply potential Bl established at the junction of resistors 101 and 102. The collectors of Q71 and Q72 are coupled to B+ supply voltage. The emitter of Q71 is coupled to the joined collectors of Q8 and Q12 and to the base of a transistor Q73. The emitter of Q72 is coupled to the joined collectors of Qg and Qll and to the base of a transistor Q74. The emitters of Q73 and Q74 are joined in differential configuration and coupled through a load resistor 111 to the B+ supply. The collectors of Q73 and Q74 are coupled to the collectors of a transistor Q76 and a transistor Q77, respectively, at points O' and O, respectively. The bases of Q76 and Q77 are joined and the emitter of a transistor Q75 is coupled to their joined -bases. The base of Q75 is coupled to point O' and its collector is coupled to the B+ supply.
Referring to Ql through Q6 of FIGURE 2, the following expressions relating to the base-emitter voltages of these transistors may be written:
(14) B3 - VBEQl - VsEQ2 + VBEQ3 + VBEQ4 = B3; and B3 - VBEQl - VBEQ5 + VBEQ6 + VBEQ4 = B3.
RCA 68,219 1 Thus:
( ) BEQl BEQ4 BEQ3 BEQ2; and VBEQl ~ VBEQ4 = V Q6 ~ V Q5 From the diode equation, VBE = C ln IC where VBE is the base-emitter voltage, C is a temperature dependent variable, IC is collector current and Is is saturation current. Since all of these devices may be so designed to operate at equal temperatures and to exhibit equal saturation currents (e.g., on an integrated circuit chip), equations (15) may be written (16) ln ICQl _ ln ICQ4 = ln ICQ3 - ln ICQ2 and ln ICQ _ ln ICQ4 = ln ICQ6 ~ ln ICQ5 or (17) CQl = CQ3 and I Q = - -, . . .
The transistor base cuxrents are negligible in comparison to the collector currents and will be disregarded in this analysis. Thus:
I - and El = CQ6 .
E4 IcQ2 IE4 CQ5 IEl and IE4, the emitter currents of transistors Ql and Q4, respectively, may be controlled at some desired values, for ; example, IEl = a + x and IE4 = a - x. Similarly, I~Q2 + IEQ3, the sum of Q2 and Q3 emitter currents, and IEQ5 + IEQ6, the sum of Q5 and Q6 emitter currents, may be controlled at, for example, IEQ2 + IEQ3 = b + x and IE25 + IE26 = b - x. Thus, the collector currents of RCA 68,219 106~B~8 CQ2 and b - x - ICQ6, respectively Rewriting equations (18), then:
(19) a + x b + x ICQ2 and a + = b - x - I
i g r ICQ2 and ICQ6' (20) I = ab + ax - bx _ x2 I = ab - ax + bx _ x2 Similarly, (2Oa) CQ3 b + x - ICQ2 = ab + ax + bx + x2 d ` 10 CQ5 b - x - ICQ6 = ab - ax - bx + x2 These are the equations for the collector currents of Q2' Q3, Q5 and Q6' the transistors of lower stage Ml of the cascaded multipliers of FIGURE 2. The input currents of the lS upper cascaded multiplier M2 may be found from the above calculations. They are ICQ2 + ICQ6 an CQ3 CQ5 (21) ICQ2 + IcQ6 = b ~ a- and x2 CQ3 ICQ5 b + x - ICQ2 + b - x ~ ICQ6 = b + -Carrying out the same base-emitter voltage analysis on the upper cascaded multiplier yields the following equations:
(22) VBEQ7 ~ VBEQ10 = VBEQ9 ~ VBEQ8 and 2S VBEQ7 VBEQ10 VBEQ12 - VBEQll Letting the collector currents of Q8 and Q12~ respectively equal ICQ8 and ICQl2 the collector currents of Qg and Qll~
respectively, will be: ~:
( ) CQ9 ICQ2 + ICQ6 ~ ICQ8 = b ~ a- ~ ICQ8 and CQll ICQ3 + ICQ5 IcQl2 b + a ICQ12 :::
RCA 68,219 ., 1 Using the diode equation a<~ain, I = I Q and _CQ7 ICQ12 CQ10 CQ8 ICQ10 ICQll Again, IcQ7 and ICQlo will be a + x and a - x, respectively.
Substituting these values and those of equations (23) into equations (24):
a + x = a C48 and a - x x2 g CQ8' IcQ12 yields:
; (a - x)(b _ x ) (a + x)(b + x (25) ICQ8 = 2a CQ12 2a a Similarly, ~
2(a + x)(b _ x ) ~ -(25a) ICQ9 = b _ ax _ ICQ8 = 2a a and x2(a - x)(b +
CQll b + a ICQ12 = -2 _ a ThuS, the sum of the collector currents of Q8 and Q12 is CQ8 CQ12 a2 and the sum of Qg and Qll collector currents is ` IcQ9 + ICQll = b a2 ~` .
It may be seen that the difference between the . , 25 CQ8 + ICQ12 and IcQ9 + IcQll of the cascaded . mutlipliers is directly proportional to the cube of x and j ~ inversely proportional to the square of a. The sign of the . difference may be negative or positive, depending upon CQ8 + IcQ12 is subtracted from IcQ + I
or vice versa.
-18- :
RCA 68,219 10~8~8 1 The desired drive currents IEl and IE4 are achieved by utilizing the current source comprising Q52' Q53' Q60 and their associated components and the differential amplifier comprising Q41 and Q42 The current source provides a current equal to 2a which will be the sum of the currents IEl and IE4 since IEl E4 The diferential amplifier configuration provides the x modulation of the collect~r currents of Q41 and Q42' both of which equal 12 ~2a) = a when no signal pronortional "
to x is applied at input terminal S.
In a similar fashion, current source Q51 provides a constant sum, 2b, of the collector currents b + x and b - x of differential amplifier transistors Q43 and Q44.
It may be seen that the x-proportional signal coupled to terminal S also modulates the collector currents of differential amplifier transistors Q43 and Q44.
Current source Q51 is appropriately biased by the -:-voltage across diode 106 and resistor 107 to provide the 2b collector current. The current source comprising Q52' Q53' Q60 and their associated components derives bias from the B+ supply through resistor 133 and from the high voltage-proportional voltage supply coupled to terminal HV through resistor 131.
Since the deflection correction signal must vary as the square root of the high voltage to correct for changes therein, the circuit of FIGURE 2 provides a method for achieving the desired cancellation of changes to the sawtooth :~ :.
waveform due to the high voltage as well as providing S~
correction of the sawtooth. As was previously shown, the output currents of the circuit of FIGURE 2 (at terminals n and O') are inversely nro~ortional to the .s~uare of the `
RCA 68,219 1 variable a. Thus, the 2a current source (Q52' Q53' Q60 and associated components) is controlled by the voltage source B+ and by the voltage source at terminal HV.
To provide a signal representative of the `
difference current between the two output currents flowing in the output terminals (joined collectors of Q8 and Q12 and Qg and Qll) of the upper cascaded multiplier, the difference amplifier comprising Q71 through Q74 is driven by the current source comprising Q75 through Q77 and by the output currents of the upper cascaded multipliers at the :~ emitters of Q71 and Q72' The signals appearing at terminal O
:~ and O' are thus proportional to +(IcQ9 + ICQll - ICQ8 - ICQl2), respectively. From equations (26) it may be seen that the output signal at terminal O rs proportional x2 , a and that at terminal O' is proportional to x2. Thus, if the ' high voltage variable sawtooth illustrated by waveform 404 is , the input signal to the S- and high voltage correction circuit of FIGURE 2, the output signals at terminals O and O' are as illustrated by waveforms 506 and 505, respectively.
It should be noted that the signal at terminal O' rather than that at terminal O may be utilized in the system ;
of FIGURE 1. In that situation, it would be necessary to ~.
subtract the waveform at terminal O' from that at terminal S :
to achieve the desired S- and high voltage correction. Thus, combining circuit 241 would have to be a subtracter. ~
:
, ..
RCA 68,219 1 actual high voltage is approximately directly proportional to any multiple of the sum of Ho and h. It may be seen that the voltage supplies B+ and HV may be chosen to provide these multiples of the constant nominal high voltage Ho and the variable high voltage h, respectively.
It may be seen rom equation (5) that the output signal from amplifier 212 and, thus, the signal at terminal S, can be made proportional to the voltage HV and to B+
, by proper scaling of resistors 210 and 211. Thus, the signal at terminal S is proportional to (Ho + h)/2Ho/
and approximately proportional to hl/2. The signal illustrated by waveform 404 at terminal S may be written as (10) eS = FeO = FV(Ho + h)t where F and V are appropriate constants and eO is the output voltage of amplifier 212.
Voltage supplies HV and B+ are coupled to terminal K of waveform correction generator 230 of FIGURE 1 and control a current generator which generates a current 2a therein. Therefore, an input current 2a to the waveform ` 20 : correction circuit's multipliers can also be made proportional to Ho + h by proper scaling of resistors 131 and 133. The current can thus be made equal to M(Ho + h) where M is an appropriate constant. Output terminal O of waveform ; correction generator 230 supplies a signal 506 which is - -proportional to -x3/a2 where x is proportional to the signal coupled to terminal S. Combining circuit 241 adds waveform 506 to waveform 404 at terminal S to achieve waveform 410 ~-at the output terminal of combining circuit 241. Waveform 410 thus will be proportional to eS a2 How .. . .
RCA 68,219 10~8~'~8 1 x, the input current to the multipliers from terminal S, being proportional to the signal coupled to terminal S, may be written as x = Les or x = LFeO, L being an appropriate constant.
Thus, e410, the signal illustrated by waveform 410 of FIGURE 1, may be written as follows:
(Les ) (11) e410 es M2(H + h) L3F3V3(H + h)3t3 10 Then, e410 = FV(Ho + h)t ~ 2 2 or, (12) e410 = FV(Ho + h)t ~ 2 F V (Ho + h)t .
Since the current through deflection yoke 251 is directly lS proportional to e410, it is directly proportional to (Ho + h). But, (Ho + h) is approximately directly - proportional to hl/2 as equation (9) indicates. Thus, the yoke current is substantially directly proportional to the square root of the high voltage, and the vertical scan is therefore substantially independent of changes in the high voltage.
The system of FIGURE 1 thus provides at the output of combining circuit 241 S-correction directly proportional to the cube of the input signal at terminal S and a means for rendering vertical deflection substantially independent of changes in the high voltage apPlied to the kinescope anode.
From equations (10) and (11), it may be seen that with the disclosed system the percentage S-correction achieved is `
independent of changes in the high voltage since ~-(13) x3/a2 L3F3V3t3(Ho + h)3/M2(Ho + h)2 S FV(Ho + h)t M
RCA 68,219 10~8828 1 To achieve the desired _ x2 correcting signal at terminal O of waveform correction generator 230, the circuit of FIGURE 2 is used.
Referring to FIGURE 2, a preferred embodiment of waveform correction generator 230 of FIGURE 1, the collector of a first current source transistor Ql is coupled to the emitter of a second transistor Q7. The collector of Q7 is coupled to supply voltage B+. Its base is coupled to a supply voltage B2. The base of Ql is coupled to a supply voltage B3. Voltages B2 and B3 are provided by a series voltage divider comprising resistors 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107 and diode 106 serially coupled between the B+ voltage supply and ground.
-~ The emitter of Ql is coupled to the collector of 15 another current source Q41' This configuration is duplicated by a transistor Q4 and a transistor Qlo, the :
main curxent conducting paths of which are serially coupled between B+ and the collector of a current source Q42.
The bases of two transistors Q2 and Q5 are coupled 20 to the emitter of Ql The bases of two transistors Q3 and Q6 are coupled to the emitter of Q4. The emitters of Q2 and Q3 are joined as are the emitters of Q5 and Q6' The collectors of Q2 and Q6 are joined as are the collectors of Q3 and Q5. Transistors Ql through Q6 comprise a first multiplier M~
This multiplier configuration is duplicated by Q8' Q9' Qll' Q]2~ the bases of Q8 and Ql being attached to the emitter of Q7 and the bases of Qg and Q12 --being attaclled to the emitter of Qlo. Transistors Q7 through s Q12 comprise a second multiplier M2. The joined collectors s -13-,~
~ 8~8 RCA 68,219 1 of Q2 and Q6 are coupled tothe joined emitters of Q8 and Qg.
The joined collectors of Q3 and Q5 are coupled to the joined emitters of Qll and Q12' Multipliers Ml and M2 are thus coupled in cascade.
The joined emitters of Q2 and Q3 are coupled to the collectors of a transistor Q43 of a differential pair comprising Q43 and a transistor Q44. The collector of Q44 is coupled to the joined emitters of Q5 and Q6. The emitters of Q43 and Q44 are coupled through a pair of resistors 125 and 126. The junction of resistors 125 and 126 is coupled to the collector of a current source ~`- transistor Q51' the emitter of which is coupled through . a resistor 128 to ground. The base of Q5i is biased at the ~ `
drop across the series combination of diode 106 and resistor 107.
The emitters of Q4i and Q42 are joined in differential configuration through a pair of resistors 121 and 122. The junction of resistors 121 and 122 is coupled to the anode of a blocking diode 10-8, the cathode 20 of which is coupled to a current source comprising three ;~
tranSistors Q52' Q53 and Q60 and a diode 109. This current source is biased by the voltage at terminal K which `
is supplied from the voltage source coupled to terminal HV
through resistor 131 and from the B+ voltage source through resistor 133. This current source is keyed off during the neqative going portion of a vertical rate blanking pulse waveorm 401 coupled to terminal V, the base of Q60' This waveform is available as a positive going blanking pulse 401 ~:
at terminal K.
Terminal S, the base of Q41' and Q42 are joined , RCA 68,219 1 through series resistors 115 and 123. The base of Q41 is coupled to the base of Q43. The base of Q42 is coupled to the base of Q44. The junction of resistors 115 and 123 is coupled to ground through resistor 124. The emitter of a transistor Q70 is coupled to the junction of resistors 115, 123 and 124. The collector of Q70 is coupled to the B+
supply and its base is biased at the voltage established at the junction of resistors 104 and 105.
The bases of a pair of transistors Q71 and Q72 are coupled to a supply potential Bl established at the junction of resistors 101 and 102. The collectors of Q71 and Q72 are coupled to B+ supply voltage. The emitter of Q71 is coupled to the joined collectors of Q8 and Q12 and to the base of a transistor Q73. The emitter of Q72 is coupled to the joined collectors of Qg and Qll and to the base of a transistor Q74. The emitters of Q73 and Q74 are joined in differential configuration and coupled through a load resistor 111 to the B+ supply. The collectors of Q73 and Q74 are coupled to the collectors of a transistor Q76 and a transistor Q77, respectively, at points O' and O, respectively. The bases of Q76 and Q77 are joined and the emitter of a transistor Q75 is coupled to their joined -bases. The base of Q75 is coupled to point O' and its collector is coupled to the B+ supply.
Referring to Ql through Q6 of FIGURE 2, the following expressions relating to the base-emitter voltages of these transistors may be written:
(14) B3 - VBEQl - VsEQ2 + VBEQ3 + VBEQ4 = B3; and B3 - VBEQl - VBEQ5 + VBEQ6 + VBEQ4 = B3.
RCA 68,219 1 Thus:
( ) BEQl BEQ4 BEQ3 BEQ2; and VBEQl ~ VBEQ4 = V Q6 ~ V Q5 From the diode equation, VBE = C ln IC where VBE is the base-emitter voltage, C is a temperature dependent variable, IC is collector current and Is is saturation current. Since all of these devices may be so designed to operate at equal temperatures and to exhibit equal saturation currents (e.g., on an integrated circuit chip), equations (15) may be written (16) ln ICQl _ ln ICQ4 = ln ICQ3 - ln ICQ2 and ln ICQ _ ln ICQ4 = ln ICQ6 ~ ln ICQ5 or (17) CQl = CQ3 and I Q = - -, . . .
The transistor base cuxrents are negligible in comparison to the collector currents and will be disregarded in this analysis. Thus:
I - and El = CQ6 .
E4 IcQ2 IE4 CQ5 IEl and IE4, the emitter currents of transistors Ql and Q4, respectively, may be controlled at some desired values, for ; example, IEl = a + x and IE4 = a - x. Similarly, I~Q2 + IEQ3, the sum of Q2 and Q3 emitter currents, and IEQ5 + IEQ6, the sum of Q5 and Q6 emitter currents, may be controlled at, for example, IEQ2 + IEQ3 = b + x and IE25 + IE26 = b - x. Thus, the collector currents of RCA 68,219 106~B~8 CQ2 and b - x - ICQ6, respectively Rewriting equations (18), then:
(19) a + x b + x ICQ2 and a + = b - x - I
i g r ICQ2 and ICQ6' (20) I = ab + ax - bx _ x2 I = ab - ax + bx _ x2 Similarly, (2Oa) CQ3 b + x - ICQ2 = ab + ax + bx + x2 d ` 10 CQ5 b - x - ICQ6 = ab - ax - bx + x2 These are the equations for the collector currents of Q2' Q3, Q5 and Q6' the transistors of lower stage Ml of the cascaded multipliers of FIGURE 2. The input currents of the lS upper cascaded multiplier M2 may be found from the above calculations. They are ICQ2 + ICQ6 an CQ3 CQ5 (21) ICQ2 + IcQ6 = b ~ a- and x2 CQ3 ICQ5 b + x - ICQ2 + b - x ~ ICQ6 = b + -Carrying out the same base-emitter voltage analysis on the upper cascaded multiplier yields the following equations:
(22) VBEQ7 ~ VBEQ10 = VBEQ9 ~ VBEQ8 and 2S VBEQ7 VBEQ10 VBEQ12 - VBEQll Letting the collector currents of Q8 and Q12~ respectively equal ICQ8 and ICQl2 the collector currents of Qg and Qll~
respectively, will be: ~:
( ) CQ9 ICQ2 + ICQ6 ~ ICQ8 = b ~ a- ~ ICQ8 and CQll ICQ3 + ICQ5 IcQl2 b + a ICQ12 :::
RCA 68,219 ., 1 Using the diode equation a<~ain, I = I Q and _CQ7 ICQ12 CQ10 CQ8 ICQ10 ICQll Again, IcQ7 and ICQlo will be a + x and a - x, respectively.
Substituting these values and those of equations (23) into equations (24):
a + x = a C48 and a - x x2 g CQ8' IcQ12 yields:
; (a - x)(b _ x ) (a + x)(b + x (25) ICQ8 = 2a CQ12 2a a Similarly, ~
2(a + x)(b _ x ) ~ -(25a) ICQ9 = b _ ax _ ICQ8 = 2a a and x2(a - x)(b +
CQll b + a ICQ12 = -2 _ a ThuS, the sum of the collector currents of Q8 and Q12 is CQ8 CQ12 a2 and the sum of Qg and Qll collector currents is ` IcQ9 + ICQll = b a2 ~` .
It may be seen that the difference between the . , 25 CQ8 + ICQ12 and IcQ9 + IcQll of the cascaded . mutlipliers is directly proportional to the cube of x and j ~ inversely proportional to the square of a. The sign of the . difference may be negative or positive, depending upon CQ8 + IcQ12 is subtracted from IcQ + I
or vice versa.
-18- :
RCA 68,219 10~8~8 1 The desired drive currents IEl and IE4 are achieved by utilizing the current source comprising Q52' Q53' Q60 and their associated components and the differential amplifier comprising Q41 and Q42 The current source provides a current equal to 2a which will be the sum of the currents IEl and IE4 since IEl E4 The diferential amplifier configuration provides the x modulation of the collect~r currents of Q41 and Q42' both of which equal 12 ~2a) = a when no signal pronortional "
to x is applied at input terminal S.
In a similar fashion, current source Q51 provides a constant sum, 2b, of the collector currents b + x and b - x of differential amplifier transistors Q43 and Q44.
It may be seen that the x-proportional signal coupled to terminal S also modulates the collector currents of differential amplifier transistors Q43 and Q44.
Current source Q51 is appropriately biased by the -:-voltage across diode 106 and resistor 107 to provide the 2b collector current. The current source comprising Q52' Q53' Q60 and their associated components derives bias from the B+ supply through resistor 133 and from the high voltage-proportional voltage supply coupled to terminal HV through resistor 131.
Since the deflection correction signal must vary as the square root of the high voltage to correct for changes therein, the circuit of FIGURE 2 provides a method for achieving the desired cancellation of changes to the sawtooth :~ :.
waveform due to the high voltage as well as providing S~
correction of the sawtooth. As was previously shown, the output currents of the circuit of FIGURE 2 (at terminals n and O') are inversely nro~ortional to the .s~uare of the `
RCA 68,219 1 variable a. Thus, the 2a current source (Q52' Q53' Q60 and associated components) is controlled by the voltage source B+ and by the voltage source at terminal HV.
To provide a signal representative of the `
difference current between the two output currents flowing in the output terminals (joined collectors of Q8 and Q12 and Qg and Qll) of the upper cascaded multiplier, the difference amplifier comprising Q71 through Q74 is driven by the current source comprising Q75 through Q77 and by the output currents of the upper cascaded multipliers at the :~ emitters of Q71 and Q72' The signals appearing at terminal O
:~ and O' are thus proportional to +(IcQ9 + ICQll - ICQ8 - ICQl2), respectively. From equations (26) it may be seen that the output signal at terminal O rs proportional x2 , a and that at terminal O' is proportional to x2. Thus, if the ' high voltage variable sawtooth illustrated by waveform 404 is , the input signal to the S- and high voltage correction circuit of FIGURE 2, the output signals at terminals O and O' are as illustrated by waveforms 506 and 505, respectively.
It should be noted that the signal at terminal O' rather than that at terminal O may be utilized in the system ;
of FIGURE 1. In that situation, it would be necessary to ~.
subtract the waveform at terminal O' from that at terminal S :
to achieve the desired S- and high voltage correction. Thus, combining circuit 241 would have to be a subtracter. ~
:
Claims (6)
1. A deflection waveform correction system for providing S-corrections and accelerating anode voltage change corrections comprising: a source of voltage related to the square root of said accelerating anode voltage; means coupled to said source of voltage for generating a Periodic deflection sawtooth voltage waveform, the amplitude of which varies with time and with the square root of said accelerating anode voltage; means coupled to said source of periodic sawtooth voltage waveforms and to said source of voltage related to the square root of said accelerating anode voltage and responsive thereto for decoupling said accelerating anode voltage varia-tions from said sawtooth voltage waveform and for producing an S-correction voltage waveform substantially independent of said accelerating anode voltage variations; and means coupled to said means for producing said S-correction voltage waveform for combining said accelerating anode voltage variable sawtooth waveform and said S-correction waveform for producing an S-corrected and accelerating anode voltage-corrected waveform which is substantially directly proportional to the square root of said accelerating anode voltage.
2. A deflection waveform correction generator according to Claim 1 wherein said source of voltage related to the square root of said accelerating anode voltage com-prises summing means coupled to a source of voltage which varies directly with said accelerating anode voltage and to a source of substantially constant voltage.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS
WHAT WE CLAIM IS
3. A deflection waveform correction generator according to Claim 2 wherein said means coupled to said source of periodic sawtooth waveforms and to said source of voltage related to the square root of said accelerating anode voltage includes coupled multipliers for providing at one or more output terminals of said coupled multipliers voltage waveforms related to the third power of said substantially linearly varying sawtooth waveform for providing said S-correction voltage waveform.
4. A deflection waveform correction generator according to Claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said means for generating a periodic deflection sawtooth voltage waveform comprises means periodically chargeable from said source of voltage and wherein a deflection winding is coupled to said combining means for having deflection current generated therein in response to said combined sawtooth and S-correction waveform, thereby rendering said deflection current S-corrected and accelerating anode voltage-corrected.
5. A deflection waveform correction system according to claim 3 wherein said multipliers include a pair of cascaded multipliers.
6. A deflection waveform correction system according to claim 1 wherein a deflection winding is coupled to said combining means and amplifying means are coupled intermediate said combining means and said deflection winding for amplifying said combined waveforms for driving said deflection winding.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/510,097 US3984729A (en) | 1974-09-27 | 1974-09-27 | Deflection waveform correction signal generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1068828A true CA1068828A (en) | 1979-12-25 |
Family
ID=24029373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA232,116A Expired CA1068828A (en) | 1974-09-27 | 1975-07-23 | Deflection waveform correction signal generator |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3984729A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5642191B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU497656B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE833907A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1068828A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2542840C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK145400C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES441301A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62445C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2286570A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1517797A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1040070B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX3002E (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7511357A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE409394B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA755946B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4353013A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1982-10-05 | Cpt Corporation | Drive circuits for a high resolutions cathode ray tube display |
| US4227123A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-10-07 | Rca Corporation | Switching amplifier for driving a load through an alternating-current path with a constant-amplitude, varying duty cycle signal |
| DE3230423A1 (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-02-16 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Deflection unit for television picture tubes |
| AU574060B2 (en) * | 1983-02-02 | 1988-06-30 | N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken | Field deflection circuit with multiplier |
| GB2160079B (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1988-01-06 | Motorola Inc | Timebase circuit |
| US4645985A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-02-24 | Rca Corporation | S-correction circuit for a video display |
| US5877599A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-03-02 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Vertical and horizontal scanning correction system for video display |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3191090A (en) * | 1962-07-17 | 1965-06-22 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Electron beam uniform intensity control circuit |
| US3668463A (en) * | 1970-05-15 | 1972-06-06 | Rca Corp | Raster correction circuit utilizing vertical deflection signals and high voltage representative signals to modulate the voltage regulator circuit |
| US3819979A (en) * | 1973-05-10 | 1974-06-25 | Philco Ford Corp | High voltage regulators |
-
1974
- 1974-09-27 US US05/510,097 patent/US3984729A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-07-23 CA CA232,116A patent/CA1068828A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-25 IT IT25797/75A patent/IT1040070B/en active
- 1975-08-27 MX MX100166U patent/MX3002E/en unknown
- 1975-09-09 GB GB37061/75A patent/GB1517797A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-17 ZA ZA00755946A patent/ZA755946B/en unknown
- 1975-09-17 FR FR7528499A patent/FR2286570A1/en active Granted
- 1975-09-19 FI FI752617A patent/FI62445C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-09-19 SE SE7510536A patent/SE409394B/en unknown
- 1975-09-22 AU AU85046/75A patent/AU497656B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-25 DE DE2542840A patent/DE2542840C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-26 JP JP11707275A patent/JPS5642191B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-09-26 NL NL7511357A patent/NL7511357A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-09-26 ES ES441301A patent/ES441301A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-26 BE BE160451A patent/BE833907A/en unknown
- 1975-09-26 DK DK436075A patent/DK145400C/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU497656B2 (en) | 1978-12-21 |
| FI62445C (en) | 1982-12-10 |
| DE2542840B2 (en) | 1979-10-11 |
| FR2286570A1 (en) | 1976-04-23 |
| GB1517797A (en) | 1978-07-12 |
| MX3002E (en) | 1980-01-23 |
| SE409394B (en) | 1979-08-13 |
| JPS5160413A (en) | 1976-05-26 |
| NL7511357A (en) | 1976-03-30 |
| DE2542840C3 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
| JPS5642191B2 (en) | 1981-10-02 |
| FR2286570B1 (en) | 1982-04-02 |
| US3984729A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
| DE2542840A1 (en) | 1976-04-15 |
| DK436075A (en) | 1976-03-28 |
| FI62445B (en) | 1982-08-31 |
| AU8504675A (en) | 1977-03-31 |
| DK145400B (en) | 1982-11-08 |
| DK145400C (en) | 1983-04-11 |
| FI752617A (en) | 1976-03-28 |
| ZA755946B (en) | 1976-08-25 |
| IT1040070B (en) | 1979-12-20 |
| ES441301A1 (en) | 1977-03-16 |
| BE833907A (en) | 1976-01-16 |
| SE7510536L (en) | 1976-03-29 |
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