CA1066740A - Energy-absorption device, notably for vehicles - Google Patents
Energy-absorption device, notably for vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1066740A CA1066740A CA255,288A CA255288A CA1066740A CA 1066740 A CA1066740 A CA 1066740A CA 255288 A CA255288 A CA 255288A CA 1066740 A CA1066740 A CA 1066740A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lamina
- apices
- bumper
- core
- support member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/121—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members the members having a cellular, e.g. honeycomb, structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
- B60R2019/1813—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
- B60R2019/1866—Cellular structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides an energy-absorption device principally intended to be mounted as a bumper on a heavy goods vehicle, characterised in that it comprises a core constit-uted by a super-position of corrugated bands, two adjacent bands being arranged in such a way that the projecting parts of their corrugations butt against one another, so that a shock collision between two vehicles situated one on each side of the device is absorbed by a flattening of the corrugations.
The present invention provides an energy-absorption device principally intended to be mounted as a bumper on a heavy goods vehicle, characterised in that it comprises a core constit-uted by a super-position of corrugated bands, two adjacent bands being arranged in such a way that the projecting parts of their corrugations butt against one another, so that a shock collision between two vehicles situated one on each side of the device is absorbed by a flattening of the corrugations.
Description
~066740 The present invention concerns an energy-absorption device, principally for vehicles.
It is known that when a light vehicle comes into collision with an obstacle, the shock imposed on the occupants is due to the rapid deceleration of the vehicle. Thls deceleration is accompanied by a deformation of the car, and a deformation of the obstacle, corresponding to the absorption of the kinetic energy of the car. The deformations have the advantage of reducing the violence of the shock by diminishing the maximum value of the deceleration, but the deformation of the car are dangerous for the passengers. It is desirable, therefore, to obtain deformation of the obstacle. ~
One of the most dangerous obstacles is the heavy ~ -;
goods vehicle, for it is on the road itself and has a large mass. For this purpose~ it is known for the rear of heavy goods vehicles to be fitted with a bumper designed to stop vehicles becoming embedded - --underneath them, for the rear is the part of them most exposed to bein8 struck by cars. This bar must be able, in case of collision, to deform sufficiently to absorb ~ ~
the maximum energy. However it must be fixed ~ --' ' '
It is known that when a light vehicle comes into collision with an obstacle, the shock imposed on the occupants is due to the rapid deceleration of the vehicle. Thls deceleration is accompanied by a deformation of the car, and a deformation of the obstacle, corresponding to the absorption of the kinetic energy of the car. The deformations have the advantage of reducing the violence of the shock by diminishing the maximum value of the deceleration, but the deformation of the car are dangerous for the passengers. It is desirable, therefore, to obtain deformation of the obstacle. ~
One of the most dangerous obstacles is the heavy ~ -;
goods vehicle, for it is on the road itself and has a large mass. For this purpose~ it is known for the rear of heavy goods vehicles to be fitted with a bumper designed to stop vehicles becoming embedded - --underneath them, for the rear is the part of them most exposed to bein8 struck by cars. This bar must be able, in case of collision, to deform sufficiently to absorb ~ ~
the maximum energy. However it must be fixed ~ --' ' '
2.
very solidly and be sufficiently resistant to avoid that after too large deformation other parts of the two vehicles come into contact, for example the windscreen of the car with the rear of the body work of the goods vehicle~
me present invention has the aim of providing an energy-absorption device more resistant than the traditional rear bumpers, but capable of absorbing more . .
energy whatever may be the relative directions of the :~ :
tra~ectories of the vehicles before the collision. .
An energy-absorption device according to the ~
invention, principally intended to be mounted as a bumper ~ :
on a heavy goods vehicle is characterised in that it comprises a core constituted by a super-position of corrugated bands, two ad~acent bands being arranged in such ::
a way that the pro~ecting parts of the corrugations butt against each other, so that a collislon between two vehicles situated one on each side of the device is absorbed by a flattening of the corrugations.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the corrugated bands are stac~ed in such a way that two ad~acent bands have their corrugations running at right angles. :~
'' ' ,: .: .
. ~. .
very solidly and be sufficiently resistant to avoid that after too large deformation other parts of the two vehicles come into contact, for example the windscreen of the car with the rear of the body work of the goods vehicle~
me present invention has the aim of providing an energy-absorption device more resistant than the traditional rear bumpers, but capable of absorbing more . .
energy whatever may be the relative directions of the :~ :
tra~ectories of the vehicles before the collision. .
An energy-absorption device according to the ~
invention, principally intended to be mounted as a bumper ~ :
on a heavy goods vehicle is characterised in that it comprises a core constituted by a super-position of corrugated bands, two ad~acent bands being arranged in such ::
a way that the pro~ecting parts of the corrugations butt against each other, so that a collislon between two vehicles situated one on each side of the device is absorbed by a flattening of the corrugations.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the corrugated bands are stac~ed in such a way that two ad~acent bands have their corrugations running at right angles. :~
'' ' ,: .: .
. ~. .
3. .-According to a variant of the invention~ the corrugated bands are stacked in such a way that two ad~acent bands have their corrugations running at any angle between 0 and 90.
According to an additional variant of the invention the bands all have corrugations at the same spacing, and they are stacked in such a way that two ad~acent bands have their corrugations paralle, and defining a series of long parallel cavities.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, all the bands are in the same material -and are of the same thickness with corrugations of the same shape.
According to a variant of the invention, the bands are chosen so that their rigidity differs and increases from the external face to the internal face of the core.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the bands are assembled to each other by screwing or riveting.
Accordlng to a variant of the invention, the bands are assembled to each other by welding or sticking.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the internal face of the core is fixed to a rigid flat support capable of little deformation.
1~66740 ~ccording to an additional characteristic of the invention, the core of the device is laterally inset against a ri8id beam of the RSJ type, so ~hat its internal face rests against the web of the RSJ, whilst the whole is entirely enclosed in a light deformable body.
The attached drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, will allow the characterisitcs of the invention to be better understood.
Figure 1 is a part view in perspective of the energy-absorption device.
Figure 2 is a part view in perspective of a corrugated band.
- :
Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation. -Figures-^4 and 5 sre perspective views of a core accordlng to a variant of the in~ention.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a van fitted with an energy-absorption device according to the invention.
The van 1 shown in Figure 6 carries a rear bumper constituted by an energy-absorption device 2 according to the invention. This device 2 presents the external appearance of a parallelipiped of which the greatest ~-dimension lies transversally to the central - -longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
The device 2 comprises a support 3, a core 4 -and an outer body 5 (Figure 1).
~- , .. ... .
10~6740 The support 3 is an I-beam arranged with its web 6 vertical, and fixed very solidly to the chassis of the van 1. This support 3 is a rigid part, therefore is not intended to undergo deformation in case of collision.
The core 4 of which the internal part is inset into the support 3, is constituted by a super-position of corrugated bands 7 stacked in such a way that the corrugations of two ad~acent bands cross each other at right angles. The bands 7 are attached to one another by sticking or welding. They may equally be riveted or screwed. These bands may in addition be msde from rigid or semi-rigid msterial such as steel, aluminium, plastic material etc.
The material msy likewise vary from one band to another, and bands may be arranged with their thickness increasing from the external face to the internal face of the core.
The operation is as follows: -When a shock occurs at the rear of the van, as the result of a collision, for example by a car striking the van, the device 2 absorbs energy by deforming between the two vehicles llke a spring. However, contrary to the latter, it does not store or restitute this energy after compression~ its deformations are permanent. In addition its deformations may be localised or different if the iO66740 structure of the striking vehicle is not of homogeneous stiffness.
me body 3 constitutes only a simple deformable exterior protection. It is, for example, made from metal or plastics.
There is shown in Figure 2 one of the bands 7 of the core 4 of Figure 1 after a shock. The areas of contact 8 with the ad~acent band are limited by circles and resule from a partial flattening of the corrugations.
Throughout the duration of the shock the diameter of the circles increases~
The diagram of Figure 3 represents for three different structures as a function of time, the variations in thickness of the core during a shock.
me curves 9~ 10 and 11 represent the crushing of the core in relation to time for a given shock, that is to say for the same mass moving at the same speed. In all cases the thickness varies between the values Eo and Ef, the degree of crushing being Ef-Eo, but the curves are at different slopes. This slope characterises the "shock ~ ,.. . .
absorbing ability" of the device. The shock-absorbing ability may be chosen by varying:
- the nature of the materials used for the manufacture of the core, - the thlckness of these materials, - the form and the dimensions of the corrugations, -~
- the number of alternated bands.
Likewise materials of different rigidity may be used, or bands of different thicknesses arranged in the same core. There will then be obtained a composite curve 12 with angular pOintS corresponding to the successive deformations of the different bands.
According to a variant of the invention, there is shown in Figure 4 a core constituted by the 3uxtaposition of corrugated bands 13 of which the corrugations are at the same spacing. meir arrsngement is such that the pro~ecting parts of the corrugations of two ad~acent bands butt against one another, thus delimiting between these two bands a series of elongated parallel cavities, giving the core a honeycomb structure.
In this case~ when a shock occurs, the areas of contact are no longer circular surfaces, but rectangular surfaces 14. During the shock, the rectangles are of constant length and increasing width (Figure 5).
The principal advantage of the energy-absorption device according to the invention is to be resistant whllst absorbing a large amount of energy whenever shock occurs, whatever are the relative directions of the tra~ectories of the vehicles before the shock.
The scope of the invention will not be exceeded by uslng a core of which the bands have their corrugations set at any angle between 0 and 90.
8. -
According to an additional variant of the invention the bands all have corrugations at the same spacing, and they are stacked in such a way that two ad~acent bands have their corrugations paralle, and defining a series of long parallel cavities.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, all the bands are in the same material -and are of the same thickness with corrugations of the same shape.
According to a variant of the invention, the bands are chosen so that their rigidity differs and increases from the external face to the internal face of the core.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the bands are assembled to each other by screwing or riveting.
Accordlng to a variant of the invention, the bands are assembled to each other by welding or sticking.
According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the internal face of the core is fixed to a rigid flat support capable of little deformation.
1~66740 ~ccording to an additional characteristic of the invention, the core of the device is laterally inset against a ri8id beam of the RSJ type, so ~hat its internal face rests against the web of the RSJ, whilst the whole is entirely enclosed in a light deformable body.
The attached drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, will allow the characterisitcs of the invention to be better understood.
Figure 1 is a part view in perspective of the energy-absorption device.
Figure 2 is a part view in perspective of a corrugated band.
- :
Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation. -Figures-^4 and 5 sre perspective views of a core accordlng to a variant of the in~ention.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a van fitted with an energy-absorption device according to the invention.
The van 1 shown in Figure 6 carries a rear bumper constituted by an energy-absorption device 2 according to the invention. This device 2 presents the external appearance of a parallelipiped of which the greatest ~-dimension lies transversally to the central - -longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
The device 2 comprises a support 3, a core 4 -and an outer body 5 (Figure 1).
~- , .. ... .
10~6740 The support 3 is an I-beam arranged with its web 6 vertical, and fixed very solidly to the chassis of the van 1. This support 3 is a rigid part, therefore is not intended to undergo deformation in case of collision.
The core 4 of which the internal part is inset into the support 3, is constituted by a super-position of corrugated bands 7 stacked in such a way that the corrugations of two ad~acent bands cross each other at right angles. The bands 7 are attached to one another by sticking or welding. They may equally be riveted or screwed. These bands may in addition be msde from rigid or semi-rigid msterial such as steel, aluminium, plastic material etc.
The material msy likewise vary from one band to another, and bands may be arranged with their thickness increasing from the external face to the internal face of the core.
The operation is as follows: -When a shock occurs at the rear of the van, as the result of a collision, for example by a car striking the van, the device 2 absorbs energy by deforming between the two vehicles llke a spring. However, contrary to the latter, it does not store or restitute this energy after compression~ its deformations are permanent. In addition its deformations may be localised or different if the iO66740 structure of the striking vehicle is not of homogeneous stiffness.
me body 3 constitutes only a simple deformable exterior protection. It is, for example, made from metal or plastics.
There is shown in Figure 2 one of the bands 7 of the core 4 of Figure 1 after a shock. The areas of contact 8 with the ad~acent band are limited by circles and resule from a partial flattening of the corrugations.
Throughout the duration of the shock the diameter of the circles increases~
The diagram of Figure 3 represents for three different structures as a function of time, the variations in thickness of the core during a shock.
me curves 9~ 10 and 11 represent the crushing of the core in relation to time for a given shock, that is to say for the same mass moving at the same speed. In all cases the thickness varies between the values Eo and Ef, the degree of crushing being Ef-Eo, but the curves are at different slopes. This slope characterises the "shock ~ ,.. . .
absorbing ability" of the device. The shock-absorbing ability may be chosen by varying:
- the nature of the materials used for the manufacture of the core, - the thlckness of these materials, - the form and the dimensions of the corrugations, -~
- the number of alternated bands.
Likewise materials of different rigidity may be used, or bands of different thicknesses arranged in the same core. There will then be obtained a composite curve 12 with angular pOintS corresponding to the successive deformations of the different bands.
According to a variant of the invention, there is shown in Figure 4 a core constituted by the 3uxtaposition of corrugated bands 13 of which the corrugations are at the same spacing. meir arrsngement is such that the pro~ecting parts of the corrugations of two ad~acent bands butt against one another, thus delimiting between these two bands a series of elongated parallel cavities, giving the core a honeycomb structure.
In this case~ when a shock occurs, the areas of contact are no longer circular surfaces, but rectangular surfaces 14. During the shock, the rectangles are of constant length and increasing width (Figure 5).
The principal advantage of the energy-absorption device according to the invention is to be resistant whllst absorbing a large amount of energy whenever shock occurs, whatever are the relative directions of the tra~ectories of the vehicles before the shock.
The scope of the invention will not be exceeded by uslng a core of which the bands have their corrugations set at any angle between 0 and 90.
8. -
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A bumper for a heavy goods vehicle comprising, a support member, a core member comprising a plurality of lamina mounted on said support member, each of said lamina having a corrugated configuration with like rounded apices, said apices in a lamina defining axes of orientation parallel therebetween, said lamina being stacked in intimate contact with each other with the rounded apices of said corrugated configuration of adjacent lamina overlaying in abutting relationship, means joining said abutting apices to each other, said plurality of lamina thereby formed into a laminate with spaces between adjacent lamina, said laminate being progressively deformable under compressive loading by mutual flat-tening of said joined rounded apices, means for mounting at least one of said plurality of lamina to said support member, and a deform-able outer body enclosure means surrounding said support member and said laminate, said outer body enclosure means being in intimate contact with said support member and at least one of said plurality of lamina so that when a force strikes said enclosure means, the like apices of the plurality of lamina permanently deform by pro-gressive mutual flattening of the apices, thereby progressively resisting the striking force and absorbing said force.
2. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said apices of the plurality of lamina overlaying in abutting relationship extend with their respective axes of orientation at an angle to each other to provide intersecting corrugations.
3. A bumper as claimed in claim 2 wherein the respective axes of orientation of the apices of alternate lamina is at right angles with the respective axes of orientation of said apices of abutting lamina.
4. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the lamina comprising said laminate is of equal thickness.
5. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said lamina comprising said laminate is of increasing thickness from its exterior periphery to its inner core.
6. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said support member has an "I" beam configuration.
7. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said plura-lity of lamina are assembled into a core by welding said apices to each other.
8. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said plur-ality of lamina are assembled into a core by riveting said apices to each other.
9. A bumper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said core member is attached to a rigid beam member.
10. A bumper as claimed in claim 9 wherein said rigid beam member is an "I" beam and said core member rests against the web portion of said "I" beam member interposed said parallel transverse positions defining the ends of said web portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7520189A FR2315039A1 (en) | 1975-06-20 | 1975-06-20 | ENERGY ABSORPTION DEVICE, ESPECIALLY FOR VEHICLES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1066740A true CA1066740A (en) | 1979-11-20 |
Family
ID=9157151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,288A Expired CA1066740A (en) | 1975-06-20 | 1976-06-21 | Energy-absorption device, notably for vehicles |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS522933A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE843193A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1066740A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2626754A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES221827Y (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2315039A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1511397A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1063299B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU75189A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7606621A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT65231B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7607029L (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4545172A (en) * | 1980-12-12 | 1985-10-08 | Ford Motor Company | Energy absorbing structure |
| US4359239A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1982-11-16 | The Budd Company | Underride device for a trailer or truck |
| US4658941A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1987-04-21 | Hexcel Corporation | Vehicle mounting system for impact absorption apparatus |
| JPS61196846A (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-09-01 | Showa Aircraft Ind Co Ltd | Rear-end collision accident preventive device of vehicle |
| NL8503352A (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-07-01 | Stamicarbon | BUMPER. |
| DE4340346A1 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-06-01 | Audi Ag | Application of plastics foam for vehicle filter |
| JPH0914346A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-01-14 | Matsuya Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Base isolation device |
| DE19615875A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-23 | Ymos Ag Ind Produkte | Impact damper for vehicle |
| US5884962A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1999-03-23 | Prince Corporation | Impact absorption member |
| US5879802A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1999-03-09 | Prince Corporation | Vehicle panel material |
| GB9911056D0 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 1999-07-14 | Plant Daniel J | Active Protection |
| FR2832110B1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-11-26 | Faurecia Ind | BUMPER BEAM WITH IMPROVED SPACER STRUCTURE, CORE LONGITUDINAL END MODULE AND MOTOR VEHICLE |
| DE102004029485B4 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2007-05-31 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Pulse-absorbing structure component |
| DE102012017802A1 (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2014-05-15 | Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | A kinetic energy absorption deformation element, a unit made of such elements, and a method of producing such an element |
| CN105365724A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-02 | 重庆明华汽车零件有限公司 | Multi-interlayer energy absorption buffering bumper with vertical pipes |
| JP7421702B2 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2024-01-25 | 株式会社SkyDrive | Energy absorbing structures, aircraft seats and aircraft |
| WO2021188671A1 (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-23 | HyperDamping, Inc. | Apparatuses, systems, and materials for stiffness and damping control including ribbed geometry, and associated methods |
| KR20230109737A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-07-20 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | car body structure |
| CN114537308B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-01-10 | 靖江市钜顺精密轻合金成型科技有限公司 | High-precision die-casting aluminum casting for automobile manufacturing and die-casting die thereof |
| CN114635938B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2024-01-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Tensioning type eggshell plate anti-collision buffer assembly and anti-collision buffer device |
| CN116812018A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-09-29 | 山东非金属材料研究所 | Method for reducing impact wave energy of vehicle floor and special impact-resistant floor thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3888531A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1975-06-10 | Straza Enterprises Ltd | Frangible shock absorbing bumper |
-
1975
- 1975-06-20 FR FR7520189A patent/FR2315039A1/en active Granted
-
1976
- 1976-06-15 DE DE19762626754 patent/DE2626754A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-06-16 PT PT6523176A patent/PT65231B/en unknown
- 1976-06-17 GB GB2502276A patent/GB1511397A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-18 SE SE7607029A patent/SE7607029L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-06-18 LU LU75189A patent/LU75189A1/xx unknown
- 1976-06-18 NL NL7606621A patent/NL7606621A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-06-18 IT IT2447876A patent/IT1063299B/en active
- 1976-06-21 BE BE168131A patent/BE843193A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-21 ES ES1976221827U patent/ES221827Y/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-21 CA CA255,288A patent/CA1066740A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-21 JP JP7375176A patent/JPS522933A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7606621A (en) | 1976-12-22 |
| DE2626754A1 (en) | 1977-01-13 |
| GB1511397A (en) | 1978-05-17 |
| LU75189A1 (en) | 1977-01-26 |
| JPS522933A (en) | 1977-01-11 |
| ES221827Y (en) | 1977-03-01 |
| BE843193A (en) | 1976-10-18 |
| PT65231A (en) | 1976-07-01 |
| ES221827U (en) | 1976-11-01 |
| PT65231B (en) | 1977-11-23 |
| SE7607029L (en) | 1977-02-07 |
| FR2315039A1 (en) | 1977-01-14 |
| FR2315039B1 (en) | 1979-10-19 |
| IT1063299B (en) | 1985-02-11 |
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