CA1064977A - Stabilization of sludge slurries - Google Patents
Stabilization of sludge slurriesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1064977A CA1064977A CA194,049A CA194049A CA1064977A CA 1064977 A CA1064977 A CA 1064977A CA 194049 A CA194049 A CA 194049A CA 1064977 A CA1064977 A CA 1064977A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- solids
- sludge
- slurry
- aqueous
- granulated blast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
- Y10S106/90—Soil stabilization
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The stabilization of aqueous sludge slurries containing calcium components is effected by the addition thereto of a granulated blast furnace slag. The aqueoous sludge slurry should be dewatered such that the slurry contains about 25 to 60%
solids and 75 to 40% aqueous portions, and the granulated blast furnace slag added into in an amount of about 1 to 20% based upon the amount of solids in the slurry.
The stabilization of aqueous sludge slurries containing calcium components is effected by the addition thereto of a granulated blast furnace slag. The aqueoous sludge slurry should be dewatered such that the slurry contains about 25 to 60%
solids and 75 to 40% aqueous portions, and the granulated blast furnace slag added into in an amount of about 1 to 20% based upon the amount of solids in the slurry.
Description
~649~
The present invention relates to the stabilization of aclueous sludge slurries containing calcium components which is effected by the addition thereto of a granulated blast fur-nace slag. The aqueous sludge slurry should be dewatered such that the slurry contains about 25 to 60% solids and 75 to 40%
aqueous portions, and the granulated blast ~urnace slag added into in an amount of about 1 to 20V/o based upon ~he amount of solids in the slurry.
Aqueous sludge slurries are produced in various pro~
cesses such as the removal o~ sulfur dioxide and ~ly ash ~rom the gases in coal aambustion and also as a result of various smel-ting operations. Generally, slurries result ~rom the washing of the ofE-gases so as to remove the solid particles and sul~ur components prior to discharging the gases into the atmosphere, such remo~al being required in order to reduce atmospheric pol-lution. The slurries are of such a composition that discarding of the slurries into natural waterways is prohibited and such that mere pooling or deposition of the slurries into reservoirs produces masses of nonstabilized soft solids masses, which render the site of deposition unusable.
The present invention efEects stabilization or solidlfication of the solids ln the sl~tdge slurries and renders the slurries usuable as a landfill material.
Aqueous slud~e slurries containing calcium components and other inorganic components are stabilized by the addition of a basic glassy blast furnace slag to the slurry. The aqueous sludge slurry should be dewatered to the extenk that the slurry contains 25-60~/o solids and 75~40% aqueous liquor and the basic glassy blast furnace slag added to the slurry in an amount of about 1-20% based upon the amount of solids in the slurry, ~c as to effect solidification o~ the sludge solids, which can be affected while covered with the supernatant aqueous liquor.
The stabilization and solidification of aqueous calcium-containing inorganic sludge is effected by addition thereto of a basic granula~ed glassy blast furnace slag.
me sludges which are especially subject to treatment according to the present process are those sludge resulting ~rom the sul~ur-dioxide removal system~ used in re~oving impurities from furnaces and s~ack gases of energy produci~g units. Coal burning boilers of power plants produce large amount of fly ash, and/or sulfur dioxide during operation, which impurities must be removed from stack gases prior to discharging the gases to the atmosphere. Such conventional removal systems use limestone or lime in a wet scrubblng system which produces an aqueous slurry o~
fly ash, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate and other components, The~e sludges are especially di~ficult to dispose of because of the nature o~ the solids in the sludges which are finally divided particles diRficult to stabilize.
The present process enables stabilization o-f such sludges.
The sludge should contain about 25-60% solid material in con~unction with about 75-40% aqueou~ liquor. Sludges containing }ess than about 25~ solids should be sub~ected to a dewatering or clarl~i-ca~ion ~tep such as by settlin~ so a~ to incre~se the sludge solids content. The sludges contain calcium compounds such as sulfites and/or sulfates and other inorganics, and, in the case of ~ludges ~rom coal-hurnlng boilers, signi~icant amounts of ~ly ash will also be present in the sludge. The process is effective, however, even when the sludge contains no fly ash, such as wi~h sludges which result from oil-fired boilers or sludge from smelter gases.
The present invention relates to the stabilization of aclueous sludge slurries containing calcium components which is effected by the addition thereto of a granulated blast fur-nace slag. The aqueous sludge slurry should be dewatered such that the slurry contains about 25 to 60% solids and 75 to 40%
aqueous portions, and the granulated blast ~urnace slag added into in an amount of about 1 to 20V/o based upon ~he amount of solids in the slurry.
Aqueous sludge slurries are produced in various pro~
cesses such as the removal o~ sulfur dioxide and ~ly ash ~rom the gases in coal aambustion and also as a result of various smel-ting operations. Generally, slurries result ~rom the washing of the ofE-gases so as to remove the solid particles and sul~ur components prior to discharging the gases into the atmosphere, such remo~al being required in order to reduce atmospheric pol-lution. The slurries are of such a composition that discarding of the slurries into natural waterways is prohibited and such that mere pooling or deposition of the slurries into reservoirs produces masses of nonstabilized soft solids masses, which render the site of deposition unusable.
The present invention efEects stabilization or solidlfication of the solids ln the sl~tdge slurries and renders the slurries usuable as a landfill material.
Aqueous slud~e slurries containing calcium components and other inorganic components are stabilized by the addition of a basic glassy blast furnace slag to the slurry. The aqueous sludge slurry should be dewatered to the extenk that the slurry contains 25-60~/o solids and 75~40% aqueous liquor and the basic glassy blast furnace slag added to the slurry in an amount of about 1-20% based upon the amount of solids in the slurry, ~c as to effect solidification o~ the sludge solids, which can be affected while covered with the supernatant aqueous liquor.
The stabilization and solidification of aqueous calcium-containing inorganic sludge is effected by addition thereto of a basic granula~ed glassy blast furnace slag.
me sludges which are especially subject to treatment according to the present process are those sludge resulting ~rom the sul~ur-dioxide removal system~ used in re~oving impurities from furnaces and s~ack gases of energy produci~g units. Coal burning boilers of power plants produce large amount of fly ash, and/or sulfur dioxide during operation, which impurities must be removed from stack gases prior to discharging the gases to the atmosphere. Such conventional removal systems use limestone or lime in a wet scrubblng system which produces an aqueous slurry o~
fly ash, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate and other components, The~e sludges are especially di~ficult to dispose of because of the nature o~ the solids in the sludges which are finally divided particles diRficult to stabilize.
The present process enables stabilization o-f such sludges.
The sludge should contain about 25-60% solid material in con~unction with about 75-40% aqueou~ liquor. Sludges containing }ess than about 25~ solids should be sub~ected to a dewatering or clarl~i-ca~ion ~tep such as by settlin~ so a~ to incre~se the sludge solids content. The sludges contain calcium compounds such as sulfites and/or sulfates and other inorganics, and, in the case of ~ludges ~rom coal-hurnlng boilers, signi~icant amounts of ~ly ash will also be present in the sludge. The process is effective, however, even when the sludge contains no fly ash, such as wi~h sludges which result from oil-fired boilers or sludge from smelter gases.
-2-101649~77 To the aqueous sludge slurry there is added a basic granulated blast ~urnace slag. These slags are produced in iron ma~ing processes and ~ormed as a granulated slag by quenching molten ~lag irom a blast ~urnace in water. Such water quenching forms a glassy slag which is finely divided, and displays cemen-titious properties. While the composition of any particular such slag may ~ary from others, such slags would all contain various amounts of calcium, silica and alumina ingredients.
Generally, such slags have an analysis in the ~ollowing percentages;
Si2 ~30-40%
Cao -40~50%
Al:203 ~10-20%
MgO ~3~ 7o S - 1-3%
MnO -O. 3~3%
~e203 -0.3%
P -trace which analysis identifies the chemical composition butnDt the compounds therein. The analy~is may vary to some extent depending upon the metallurgical process ~rom which the slag results.
The granulated blast ~urnace slag, while in the ~orm o~ ~lne partlcles, a~ compared to air-cooled sla~s, should be ground to a ~inenes~ such as will e~ec~ rap~d stabilization o~
sludge solids. We have ~ound that the slag should be ground to a particle size having a Blaine speci~ic sur~ace of ~rom between about 1800-5000 sq. cm, per gram, with the Blaine value of about 3000 sq. cm, per gram being a pre~erred value.
The ground, glassy, granulated blast ~urnace slag is added to an aqueous sludge slurry containing 25-60% solids in an ~0~;4~77 amount o~ be tween 1-20% base~ on the solids content o~ the ~ludge, Use of less than about 1% granulated blast ~urnace slag is insu~icient to appreciably e~ect stabilization o~ the sludge, while the use o~ more than about 20% has no apparent advantage and would be inef~icient and uneconomical.
The present invention, with the addition of the granulated blast ~urnace slag to an a~ueous sludge slurry, provides a method for stabilizing the ~olids or hardening the solids content o~ the slurry, and whlle some chemical interaction must take place, the improved stability does not appear to be only the result of ¢ementi-tious or hydraulic bonding between various ingredients, but also a re~ult o~ certain physical changes which are sf~ected within the solids slurry. In tests, the solids slurry, while o~ering some compressive or shear strength upon long settling without additives, exhibited ~uprising results when granulated blast ~urnace slag was added thereto, in that the shearing strength o~ ~heared te3t samples o~ treated solid slurries, contrary to expectations, exhibited higher intergranular strength a~ter soaking and reshearing o~ sampl~s, evidencing some physical as well as chemical al~eratlon o~ the slurry solids. It is postulated that perhap~ ~ormation o~
ettringite cry~talline matter, a mineral o~ the composition Cal2 ~1~ (OH)2~ (~O~)g 5~120, occurs, or some other crg~talline matter is ~ormed, which in additl.on to ~orming a ory~talline interlacing structure within the mas~ o~ solids, ties up ~ater molecules therein to give stabilization to the mass.
The following example~ ~urther describe the present invention.
~64~7'7 Example 1 A sludge slurry ~rom the fly ash and sul~ur dioxide removal system o~ a coal burning boller was tested ~or stability.
The sludge had a water content o~ about 147% (ratio o~ weight o~ water to that oY dried solid at 105C. ~or 24 hours), or an equivalent average solid content o~ 40,5% by weight. A~
analysis o~ the sludge solids showed the composition to be:
Analysis of Sludge , SiO2 - 28.3%
CaO - 21.0%
~g~ _ 0,5%
S2 - 16.0%
SO3 - 3.5%
CO~ - 3.0%
R~03 - 20.5%
Fe2O3 - 3.6%
wherein R2O3 in the sludge comprises a mi~ture o~ Mn3O4, TiO2J
A12O3, and Fe2O3; and the ~ludge~ had a ~ly ash content o~
about 55% of the dry solids content o~ the sludge.
Tests were run to determine the compressive strength of the sludge slurries. Samples o~ the slurries were placed in tubular containers ~nd penetrometer readings ta~en at intervals during setting o~ the solids to measure the ~orce required to penetrate a unlt depth lnto the solids material in ton~ per ~quare ~oot. To measure the strength, a Model C~-700 penetrometer made by Soiltest, Inc. o~ Chicago was used. Readings in the penetro-meter could only be ta~en up to a value o~ 4.5 tons per square ~oot and values above this maximum are indicated as 4.5~, The values up to 4~5 tons per square ioot, however, indicate the rate o~ increase in the compressive strength o~ the sludge. We havs 3L06~977 found that the penetrometer ~ests and the results of soil mechanical tests can be correlated.
Al aliquot o~ the sludge was taken with no additives mixed thereto (Control), ~ second aliquot was ta~ken to which there wa~ added, 5% by weight o~ the dry sludge solids, a granulated blast furnace slag having the following composition:
32~2% SiO2, 48~6% CaO, 8,9% MgO, 2.3% sulfur, 12.4% A1203, 1.8% Fe203, Mn304, and other trace materials. This al~qnot was labeled "With Slag." The granulated blast furnace ~lag, prior to addi~io~ ~o the sludge, had been ground to a particle size o~
3100 sq. c~/gr. (Blaine). Penetrometer readings were taken on the control and the sludge slurry ~ollowing addition o~ the addi-tive, over a period o~ time, the results o~ which were:
Penetrometer Reading (Tons/~t.2) Elapsed Time (days) ControlWith Slag
Generally, such slags have an analysis in the ~ollowing percentages;
Si2 ~30-40%
Cao -40~50%
Al:203 ~10-20%
MgO ~3~ 7o S - 1-3%
MnO -O. 3~3%
~e203 -0.3%
P -trace which analysis identifies the chemical composition butnDt the compounds therein. The analy~is may vary to some extent depending upon the metallurgical process ~rom which the slag results.
The granulated blast ~urnace slag, while in the ~orm o~ ~lne partlcles, a~ compared to air-cooled sla~s, should be ground to a ~inenes~ such as will e~ec~ rap~d stabilization o~
sludge solids. We have ~ound that the slag should be ground to a particle size having a Blaine speci~ic sur~ace of ~rom between about 1800-5000 sq. cm, per gram, with the Blaine value of about 3000 sq. cm, per gram being a pre~erred value.
The ground, glassy, granulated blast ~urnace slag is added to an aqueous sludge slurry containing 25-60% solids in an ~0~;4~77 amount o~ be tween 1-20% base~ on the solids content o~ the ~ludge, Use of less than about 1% granulated blast ~urnace slag is insu~icient to appreciably e~ect stabilization o~ the sludge, while the use o~ more than about 20% has no apparent advantage and would be inef~icient and uneconomical.
The present invention, with the addition of the granulated blast ~urnace slag to an a~ueous sludge slurry, provides a method for stabilizing the ~olids or hardening the solids content o~ the slurry, and whlle some chemical interaction must take place, the improved stability does not appear to be only the result of ¢ementi-tious or hydraulic bonding between various ingredients, but also a re~ult o~ certain physical changes which are sf~ected within the solids slurry. In tests, the solids slurry, while o~ering some compressive or shear strength upon long settling without additives, exhibited ~uprising results when granulated blast ~urnace slag was added thereto, in that the shearing strength o~ ~heared te3t samples o~ treated solid slurries, contrary to expectations, exhibited higher intergranular strength a~ter soaking and reshearing o~ sampl~s, evidencing some physical as well as chemical al~eratlon o~ the slurry solids. It is postulated that perhap~ ~ormation o~
ettringite cry~talline matter, a mineral o~ the composition Cal2 ~1~ (OH)2~ (~O~)g 5~120, occurs, or some other crg~talline matter is ~ormed, which in additl.on to ~orming a ory~talline interlacing structure within the mas~ o~ solids, ties up ~ater molecules therein to give stabilization to the mass.
The following example~ ~urther describe the present invention.
~64~7'7 Example 1 A sludge slurry ~rom the fly ash and sul~ur dioxide removal system o~ a coal burning boller was tested ~or stability.
The sludge had a water content o~ about 147% (ratio o~ weight o~ water to that oY dried solid at 105C. ~or 24 hours), or an equivalent average solid content o~ 40,5% by weight. A~
analysis o~ the sludge solids showed the composition to be:
Analysis of Sludge , SiO2 - 28.3%
CaO - 21.0%
~g~ _ 0,5%
S2 - 16.0%
SO3 - 3.5%
CO~ - 3.0%
R~03 - 20.5%
Fe2O3 - 3.6%
wherein R2O3 in the sludge comprises a mi~ture o~ Mn3O4, TiO2J
A12O3, and Fe2O3; and the ~ludge~ had a ~ly ash content o~
about 55% of the dry solids content o~ the sludge.
Tests were run to determine the compressive strength of the sludge slurries. Samples o~ the slurries were placed in tubular containers ~nd penetrometer readings ta~en at intervals during setting o~ the solids to measure the ~orce required to penetrate a unlt depth lnto the solids material in ton~ per ~quare ~oot. To measure the strength, a Model C~-700 penetrometer made by Soiltest, Inc. o~ Chicago was used. Readings in the penetro-meter could only be ta~en up to a value o~ 4.5 tons per square ~oot and values above this maximum are indicated as 4.5~, The values up to 4~5 tons per square ioot, however, indicate the rate o~ increase in the compressive strength o~ the sludge. We havs 3L06~977 found that the penetrometer ~ests and the results of soil mechanical tests can be correlated.
Al aliquot o~ the sludge was taken with no additives mixed thereto (Control), ~ second aliquot was ta~ken to which there wa~ added, 5% by weight o~ the dry sludge solids, a granulated blast furnace slag having the following composition:
32~2% SiO2, 48~6% CaO, 8,9% MgO, 2.3% sulfur, 12.4% A1203, 1.8% Fe203, Mn304, and other trace materials. This al~qnot was labeled "With Slag." The granulated blast furnace ~lag, prior to addi~io~ ~o the sludge, had been ground to a particle size o~
3100 sq. c~/gr. (Blaine). Penetrometer readings were taken on the control and the sludge slurry ~ollowing addition o~ the addi-tive, over a period o~ time, the results o~ which were:
Penetrometer Reading (Tons/~t.2) Elapsed Time (days) ControlWith Slag
3 Too so~t to measure Too soft to measure 9 Too so~t to measure 2.15 ~0 18 Too soft to measure ~.75 Too so~t to measure 4.00 42 Too soPt to measure 3.75 49 Too so~t to mea~ure 4,4 76 Too so~t to measure 4,5 gO Too ~o~t to mea~ure 4.5~
The stabili~ing or hardening ability o~ the granulated blast Purnace slag-stabilized slurry is evidenced whereas the Control, with no additive~ wa~ still too so~t to mea~ure on the penetrometer even a~ter 90 days settling.
Example_2 Comparative tests were run using 5% blast ~urnace sl~g to show the e~ect o~ the solids content o~ the sludge ~6~6a~977 upon the stabilization thereo~O The analysis of the sludge, on a dry sludge solid, wa5:
SiO~ - 31.8%
CaO - 24~3 MgO - 2.2%
S2 - 13.3%
SO3 - 3~1%
C2 ~ 3.1%
R2O3 - 23,27~
(~herein R2O3 is~described in Example 1~, with a fly ash content of between 60-65% o~ dry sludge solids. A ~irst such sludge slurry had a solids content of SO% b~ weight ~sludge solids -50%1, and a second sludge slurry having $he same analysis had a solids content o~ 38.9% by weight ~sludge solids - 38~9%~.
To each o~ the two sludges there was added 5% by weight based on sludge solids o~ a ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3100 sq.
cm/gr,) as descrlbed iniExa.mple 1. Stabilization tests were run, as described in Example 1, a~d penetrometer readings taken at predetermined time intervals. The readings were as ~ollows:
Elapsed Time A~ter Slag Penetrometer Read~ng Addition (days) (Tons~t,2) _ . .
~Sludge Solids - 50%1 [Sludga Solids -38.9%]
~ 1,3 0,10 ~5 ~,50 28 ~.5+ 3.5 39 4.5~3,75 ~6 ~.5~4,25 54 4,5~ 4.5 As ll~u~trated, in sludges o~ the same analys i5, the rate o~
stabilizatlon increases with an increase in solids content o~
the sludge slurry, ~6~
Example 3 ~ xperiments were run to determine the e~ect of an increased amount o-~ granula,ted blast ~urnace sla,g at a constant solids content o~ sludge slurry. The sludge used was that defined in Example 2 at 38.9% solids ~sludge solids - 38.9%~.
To a portion o~ sludge slurry, 5% granulated blast ~urnace slag, based on dry sludge solids, was added ~5% B~F~S], while to another portion of the sludge slurry 10% was added [10% B/F/5]. The slag had been ground to a Blaine value o~ 3100 sq. cm/grO Penetro-meter readings, as in Example 1, taken at predetermined intervalsshowed:
~lapsed T~me AfterPenetrometer Reading Slag Addit~on ~ay~) (Tons/ft.2) ~5% B/F/S] ~10% B/F/S]
0.10 0.90 1.50 3~75 ~8 3.50 ~.5 39 3.75 4.5~
46 4.~5 4.5+
48 ~.25 4.5 54 4.5~ 4,5 As i~ ~een, the rate o~ stabiliæation is lncrcnsad as t}le a~lount o~ granulated blast ~urnace slag is increased at constant ollds contcnt sludge slurries, ~xample 4 Experiments were made to determine the e~ect o~
the particle size o~ the ground blast ~urnace slag on the rate o~ stabilixation o~ sludges with the same chcmical composi-tion and solids content, Three aliquots of the sludge slurry analyzed in Example 2, each having a solids content o~ 38.2% by weight and a ~ly ash content between 60~65% by weight o~ the dry ~ 0649~7 solids ~ere ta.ken. To Aliquot A, there wa~ added 5% by weight of the dry sludge solids, of granulated blast furnace slag as rec~ived from a producer; to Aliquot B, there was added 5% by weight of the dry sludge ~olids, of the same granula.ted blast furnace slag, ground to a particle size of a Blaine value o~
1750 sq. cm/gr. and; to Aliquot C, there wa~ added S% by weight, based on dry sludge solids of the same granulated blast furnace slag, ground to a particle size of Blaine value of 3100 sq. cm/gr.
The results of penetrometer tests carried out as described in Example 2 were:
Elapsed Time Following ~ Penetrometer Reading Slag Addition tdaYs) (Tons/ft.2) ~liquot ~ Ali~uot B Aliq~ot C
3 So~t Soft 0.25 6 Soft Firm 1.0 21 0.20 2.00 3.15 32 0.25 2.25 3.r5 39 . 0.50 3.00 3.75 0,50 3,10 4.5+
The particle size of the granulated blast furnace slag thus has an effect upon the rate of stabili~ation o~ the sludge, with ~iner particle sizes such as in the rnnge o~ 1800 4000 sq. cm/gr. resulting in increased rate o~ ~tabilization.
In order to show the surprisin~ stabilization ability of granulated blast furnace slag as compared to cementitiou~ material, experiments were run to compare the additive o~ this inventlo~ with Portland cement~ The sludge u~ed was analyzed and contained:
~64~qq ~iOz - 28.3%
~o - 21.0%
MgO - 0.5%
S2 - 16.0%
S03 - 3.5%
- C2 ~ 3-0%
R203 - 20.5% (as defined in Example 1) Fe203 - 3.6%
and had a sollds content of 40.5% by weight, with a ~ly ash ~ 10 content of about 55% o~ the dry sludge solids.
: To a portion of the ~ludge ~lurry there was added 5%, based on dry sludge solid~ o~ Type I Portland Cement of a particle size o~ 3000 sq. cm/gr. Blalne [Cement]; while ~o a second portion o~ ~ludge slurry there was added 5%, ba~ed on dry sludgs solids o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag o~
a particle size o~ 3000 sq. cm/gr. Blaine ~Blast Furnace Slag]~
The portion~ were checked with penetro~eter readings as described in Example 1 a.nd the results were:
Elap~ed Time FollowingPenetrometer Reading ; 20 Additive Addition (days)(Tons/~t.2) ~:~ [Cement] [Blast Furnace Slag]
: ~ 9 1.00 2.15 18 1.25 2,75 ~2 1.60 3.00 ~2 1.~5 3.76 76 1.50 405 2,0 4.5~
The ~urpri~ingly rapid stabilization o~ sludge with granulated blast furnace slag is thus evidsnced when compared with the rate o~ stabilization when using a cementitious material such as Portland Cement.
, , : .
i ~6~977 Example 6 The surpri~ing rate of stabilization o~ sludge solids with granulated blast ~urnace slag was a.lso evldent when compared with ~econd cementitious material, hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2]. The sludge used analyzed:
SiO2 - 33,6%
CaO - 24.2~
MgO 0.4%
S2 - 12.2%
S03 - 4.2%
C2 ~ 3.~%
R203 - 24.4% (as defined in Example 1) and had a solids content of 36.0% with the ~ly a~h content belng approximately 65% o~ the dry solidsO To one portion of sludge slurry there wa~ added 10%, ~ased on sludge solids, of pulverized slaked li~e ~Ca(OH)2~ while to a second portion was added 10%, ba~ed on sludge solids, o~ ground granulated blast ~urnace slag, 3300 Blaine (Blast Furnace Slag). Penetrometer rea.dings were ta.ken on both portions at interval~ and the results were as follows:
~lapsed Time after Penetrometer ~e~ding Addition o~ Additive (days) (Tons/~t.2) _ ~Ca(OH)2] ~Blast Furnace Slag]
0 1.85 1~ 0.50 3.25 26 1.25 4.25 33 1.75 4.25 As is ~een, the granulated blast ~urnace slag e~ected a much more rapid stabilization o~ the sludge than did the hydrated lime.
,~ :
~C~64~77 Example 7 The addition o~ a cementitious material such as lime (CaO) to the ground, granulated blast furnace slag showed no appreciable increase in the rate o~ stabilization of sludges.
As an experimQnt, a sludge ~lurry, having the chemical compo~ition o~ the sludge slurry used in Example 2, with a solids content of 38.9%, was apportioned wi~h four aliquots made. Ali~uot A had added thereto 5% of ground granulated blast iurnace slag (3100 Blaine~; Aliquot B has 5 1/2% of the ground granulated blas*
furnace slag (3100 Blaine) and 2% burnt lime of a small part~ele si~e (41% + 100 mesh; 72% ~ 200 mesh; 93% ~325 mssh; 7% + 325 mesh) added thereto. Aliquot C had added thereto 7 1/2% ground, granulated blast furnace slag a~ added to Aliquot A; while Aliquot D had 8% o~ ~aid ground, granulated blast furnace slag and 2% o~ the above-described burnt lime added thereto. The aliquots were ~ub~ected to penetrometer tests and gave th0 ~ollowing values:
Time ~ter Addition o~ Penetrometer Reading Additives (day~ (Tons/~t.2) Aliquot A Aliquot B Aliquot C
0.I0 00.50 0.30 1.50 1.40 2.40 2.30 19 4.~0 3.60 ~.50 4.5 28 3,50 4.25 4.5~ ~,5+
39 3.75 4,5+ 4,5~ 4,5 46 4.25 4.5~ 4.5+ 4,6-~
48 4.25 4,5+ 4,5~ 4,5 5~ 4,S0 4~5-~ 4.5~ 4.5 1~6~977 As is seen, the addition of a cementitious material such as lime to the ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag had no appreciable a~fect on t,he rate o~ stabilization of a sludge.
Example 8 In order to demonstrate the surprising action o~
granulated blast ~urnace slag on sludge stabilizationJ
experiments were made to show that the slag is effective on sludges containing varying degrees of fly ash, since ~ly ash is itself a pozzolanic ~aterial. Two sludges were used; Sludge I
containing about 20% ~ly ash based on sludge solids and Sludge II
containing about 65% fly ash based on sludge ~olids. The analyses o~ the sludges were as ~ollows:
Components Sludge I Sludge II
SiO2 10.3% 33.6%
CaO 47.0% 24.~%
MgO 0.5% 0-4~
2 25,6% 12.2%
S03 6.6% 4.2%
2 4.2% 3.0%
20R203 (as defined in 8.9% 24.4%
Example 1) The solids content of Sludge I was 35% and that oi Sludge II, 36%. To each o~ the two ~ludge~ there wa~ added 10% o~ the dry sludge solid~ weight o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3SOO Bla~ne), The sludges were ~ubJected to penetrometer te~ts, as a~oredescribed, and the results were:
..
64~7 7 ~lapsed Time A~ter Penetrometer ~ ading Addition o~ Slag (day~) (Tons/ft~ ) Sludge I
8 0.75 _ -- 1.85 11 2,25 --19 -- 3,25 ~0 3.75 --26 -- 4.25 28 4.25 --33 -- 4.25 3~ 4.25 __ Both S}udge I and Sludge II reached a penetrometer rea.ding o~
The stabili~ing or hardening ability o~ the granulated blast Purnace slag-stabilized slurry is evidenced whereas the Control, with no additive~ wa~ still too so~t to mea~ure on the penetrometer even a~ter 90 days settling.
Example_2 Comparative tests were run using 5% blast ~urnace sl~g to show the e~ect o~ the solids content o~ the sludge ~6~6a~977 upon the stabilization thereo~O The analysis of the sludge, on a dry sludge solid, wa5:
SiO~ - 31.8%
CaO - 24~3 MgO - 2.2%
S2 - 13.3%
SO3 - 3~1%
C2 ~ 3.1%
R2O3 - 23,27~
(~herein R2O3 is~described in Example 1~, with a fly ash content of between 60-65% o~ dry sludge solids. A ~irst such sludge slurry had a solids content of SO% b~ weight ~sludge solids -50%1, and a second sludge slurry having $he same analysis had a solids content o~ 38.9% by weight ~sludge solids - 38~9%~.
To each o~ the two sludges there was added 5% by weight based on sludge solids o~ a ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3100 sq.
cm/gr,) as descrlbed iniExa.mple 1. Stabilization tests were run, as described in Example 1, a~d penetrometer readings taken at predetermined time intervals. The readings were as ~ollows:
Elapsed Time A~ter Slag Penetrometer Read~ng Addition (days) (Tons~t,2) _ . .
~Sludge Solids - 50%1 [Sludga Solids -38.9%]
~ 1,3 0,10 ~5 ~,50 28 ~.5+ 3.5 39 4.5~3,75 ~6 ~.5~4,25 54 4,5~ 4.5 As ll~u~trated, in sludges o~ the same analys i5, the rate o~
stabilizatlon increases with an increase in solids content o~
the sludge slurry, ~6~
Example 3 ~ xperiments were run to determine the e~ect of an increased amount o-~ granula,ted blast ~urnace sla,g at a constant solids content o~ sludge slurry. The sludge used was that defined in Example 2 at 38.9% solids ~sludge solids - 38.9%~.
To a portion o~ sludge slurry, 5% granulated blast ~urnace slag, based on dry sludge solids, was added ~5% B~F~S], while to another portion of the sludge slurry 10% was added [10% B/F/5]. The slag had been ground to a Blaine value o~ 3100 sq. cm/grO Penetro-meter readings, as in Example 1, taken at predetermined intervalsshowed:
~lapsed T~me AfterPenetrometer Reading Slag Addit~on ~ay~) (Tons/ft.2) ~5% B/F/S] ~10% B/F/S]
0.10 0.90 1.50 3~75 ~8 3.50 ~.5 39 3.75 4.5~
46 4.~5 4.5+
48 ~.25 4.5 54 4.5~ 4,5 As i~ ~een, the rate o~ stabiliæation is lncrcnsad as t}le a~lount o~ granulated blast ~urnace slag is increased at constant ollds contcnt sludge slurries, ~xample 4 Experiments were made to determine the e~ect o~
the particle size o~ the ground blast ~urnace slag on the rate o~ stabilixation o~ sludges with the same chcmical composi-tion and solids content, Three aliquots of the sludge slurry analyzed in Example 2, each having a solids content o~ 38.2% by weight and a ~ly ash content between 60~65% by weight o~ the dry ~ 0649~7 solids ~ere ta.ken. To Aliquot A, there wa~ added 5% by weight of the dry sludge solids, of granulated blast furnace slag as rec~ived from a producer; to Aliquot B, there was added 5% by weight of the dry sludge ~olids, of the same granula.ted blast furnace slag, ground to a particle size of a Blaine value o~
1750 sq. cm/gr. and; to Aliquot C, there wa~ added S% by weight, based on dry sludge solids of the same granulated blast furnace slag, ground to a particle size of Blaine value of 3100 sq. cm/gr.
The results of penetrometer tests carried out as described in Example 2 were:
Elapsed Time Following ~ Penetrometer Reading Slag Addition tdaYs) (Tons/ft.2) ~liquot ~ Ali~uot B Aliq~ot C
3 So~t Soft 0.25 6 Soft Firm 1.0 21 0.20 2.00 3.15 32 0.25 2.25 3.r5 39 . 0.50 3.00 3.75 0,50 3,10 4.5+
The particle size of the granulated blast furnace slag thus has an effect upon the rate of stabili~ation o~ the sludge, with ~iner particle sizes such as in the rnnge o~ 1800 4000 sq. cm/gr. resulting in increased rate o~ ~tabilization.
In order to show the surprisin~ stabilization ability of granulated blast furnace slag as compared to cementitiou~ material, experiments were run to compare the additive o~ this inventlo~ with Portland cement~ The sludge u~ed was analyzed and contained:
~64~qq ~iOz - 28.3%
~o - 21.0%
MgO - 0.5%
S2 - 16.0%
S03 - 3.5%
- C2 ~ 3-0%
R203 - 20.5% (as defined in Example 1) Fe203 - 3.6%
and had a sollds content of 40.5% by weight, with a ~ly ash ~ 10 content of about 55% o~ the dry sludge solids.
: To a portion of the ~ludge ~lurry there was added 5%, based on dry sludge solid~ o~ Type I Portland Cement of a particle size o~ 3000 sq. cm/gr. Blalne [Cement]; while ~o a second portion o~ ~ludge slurry there was added 5%, ba~ed on dry sludgs solids o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag o~
a particle size o~ 3000 sq. cm/gr. Blaine ~Blast Furnace Slag]~
The portion~ were checked with penetro~eter readings as described in Example 1 a.nd the results were:
Elap~ed Time FollowingPenetrometer Reading ; 20 Additive Addition (days)(Tons/~t.2) ~:~ [Cement] [Blast Furnace Slag]
: ~ 9 1.00 2.15 18 1.25 2,75 ~2 1.60 3.00 ~2 1.~5 3.76 76 1.50 405 2,0 4.5~
The ~urpri~ingly rapid stabilization o~ sludge with granulated blast furnace slag is thus evidsnced when compared with the rate o~ stabilization when using a cementitious material such as Portland Cement.
, , : .
i ~6~977 Example 6 The surpri~ing rate of stabilization o~ sludge solids with granulated blast ~urnace slag was a.lso evldent when compared with ~econd cementitious material, hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2]. The sludge used analyzed:
SiO2 - 33,6%
CaO - 24.2~
MgO 0.4%
S2 - 12.2%
S03 - 4.2%
C2 ~ 3.~%
R203 - 24.4% (as defined in Example 1) and had a solids content of 36.0% with the ~ly a~h content belng approximately 65% o~ the dry solidsO To one portion of sludge slurry there wa~ added 10%, ~ased on sludge solids, of pulverized slaked li~e ~Ca(OH)2~ while to a second portion was added 10%, ba~ed on sludge solids, o~ ground granulated blast ~urnace slag, 3300 Blaine (Blast Furnace Slag). Penetrometer rea.dings were ta.ken on both portions at interval~ and the results were as follows:
~lapsed Time after Penetrometer ~e~ding Addition o~ Additive (days) (Tons/~t.2) _ ~Ca(OH)2] ~Blast Furnace Slag]
0 1.85 1~ 0.50 3.25 26 1.25 4.25 33 1.75 4.25 As is ~een, the granulated blast ~urnace slag e~ected a much more rapid stabilization o~ the sludge than did the hydrated lime.
,~ :
~C~64~77 Example 7 The addition o~ a cementitious material such as lime (CaO) to the ground, granulated blast furnace slag showed no appreciable increase in the rate o~ stabilization of sludges.
As an experimQnt, a sludge ~lurry, having the chemical compo~ition o~ the sludge slurry used in Example 2, with a solids content of 38.9%, was apportioned wi~h four aliquots made. Ali~uot A had added thereto 5% of ground granulated blast iurnace slag (3100 Blaine~; Aliquot B has 5 1/2% of the ground granulated blas*
furnace slag (3100 Blaine) and 2% burnt lime of a small part~ele si~e (41% + 100 mesh; 72% ~ 200 mesh; 93% ~325 mssh; 7% + 325 mesh) added thereto. Aliquot C had added thereto 7 1/2% ground, granulated blast furnace slag a~ added to Aliquot A; while Aliquot D had 8% o~ ~aid ground, granulated blast furnace slag and 2% o~ the above-described burnt lime added thereto. The aliquots were ~ub~ected to penetrometer tests and gave th0 ~ollowing values:
Time ~ter Addition o~ Penetrometer Reading Additives (day~ (Tons/~t.2) Aliquot A Aliquot B Aliquot C
0.I0 00.50 0.30 1.50 1.40 2.40 2.30 19 4.~0 3.60 ~.50 4.5 28 3,50 4.25 4.5~ ~,5+
39 3.75 4,5+ 4,5~ 4,5 46 4.25 4.5~ 4.5+ 4,6-~
48 4.25 4,5+ 4,5~ 4,5 5~ 4,S0 4~5-~ 4.5~ 4.5 1~6~977 As is seen, the addition of a cementitious material such as lime to the ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag had no appreciable a~fect on t,he rate o~ stabilization of a sludge.
Example 8 In order to demonstrate the surprising action o~
granulated blast ~urnace slag on sludge stabilizationJ
experiments were made to show that the slag is effective on sludges containing varying degrees of fly ash, since ~ly ash is itself a pozzolanic ~aterial. Two sludges were used; Sludge I
containing about 20% ~ly ash based on sludge solids and Sludge II
containing about 65% fly ash based on sludge ~olids. The analyses o~ the sludges were as ~ollows:
Components Sludge I Sludge II
SiO2 10.3% 33.6%
CaO 47.0% 24.~%
MgO 0.5% 0-4~
2 25,6% 12.2%
S03 6.6% 4.2%
2 4.2% 3.0%
20R203 (as defined in 8.9% 24.4%
Example 1) The solids content of Sludge I was 35% and that oi Sludge II, 36%. To each o~ the two ~ludge~ there wa~ added 10% o~ the dry sludge solid~ weight o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3SOO Bla~ne), The sludges were ~ubJected to penetrometer te~ts, as a~oredescribed, and the results were:
..
64~7 7 ~lapsed Time A~ter Penetrometer ~ ading Addition o~ Slag (day~) (Tons/ft~ ) Sludge I
8 0.75 _ -- 1.85 11 2,25 --19 -- 3,25 ~0 3.75 --26 -- 4.25 28 4.25 --33 -- 4.25 3~ 4.25 __ Both S}udge I and Sludge II reached a penetrometer rea.ding o~
4.25 Tons/ft.2 after about 26-28 days, illustra,ting that the amount o~ ~ly a~h in a sludge doe~ not a~ect signi~icantly the rate o~ stabilization o~ ~ludges where ground, granulated blast furnace slag is added thereto.
Example 9 In order to illustrate that a sludge containing no fly ash can be ~tabilized by the proce~s o~ the present invention, the ~ollowing slud~e obtained ~rom ~melter gas ~crubber was treated:
SiO2 - 0.1~%
CaO - 43.8%
S2 ~ ~5.7%
CO2 - 1 . 0%
A1203 - 0.4%
~23 - 0.3%
Na.~O - 0.1%
K20 - 0.01%
Moisture - 6.23%
~L064~77 The solids content o~ the sludge was 4270 a,nd no ~ly ash ~as present, To the sludge there was added 1070 based on sludge solids o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3300 Bla.ine), Penetrometer readings ta,~en at intervals, as previously described, gave the ~ollowin~ results:
~lapsed Time A~ter Penetrometer Reading Slag Addition (da.ys) (Tons/ft.2) 3 0,2 4 0.75 7 2.75 8 4.25 16 4.5~
Example 9 In order to illustrate that a sludge containing no fly ash can be ~tabilized by the proce~s o~ the present invention, the ~ollowing slud~e obtained ~rom ~melter gas ~crubber was treated:
SiO2 - 0.1~%
CaO - 43.8%
S2 ~ ~5.7%
CO2 - 1 . 0%
A1203 - 0.4%
~23 - 0.3%
Na.~O - 0.1%
K20 - 0.01%
Moisture - 6.23%
~L064~77 The solids content o~ the sludge was 4270 a,nd no ~ly ash ~as present, To the sludge there was added 1070 based on sludge solids o~ ground, granulated blast ~urnace slag (3300 Bla.ine), Penetrometer readings ta,~en at intervals, as previously described, gave the ~ollowin~ results:
~lapsed Time A~ter Penetrometer Reading Slag Addition (da.ys) (Tons/ft.2) 3 0,2 4 0.75 7 2.75 8 4.25 16 4.5~
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. The method of stabilizing the solids content of an aqueous sludge slurry of predominantly inorganic solids including calcium components, wherein the aqueous sludge slurry comprises 25-60% solids and correspondingly 75-40% aqueous liquor, comprising: adding to said aqueous sludge slurry an amount of between 1-20 percent, based upon the solids content of the slurry, of a granulated blast furnace slag having a particle size of between 1800 and 5000 sq. cm./gram., whereby a stabilized mass of said solids is formed upon setting of said solids.
2. The method as defined in Claim 1 wherein said setting of said solids and formation of said stabilized mass is carried out while said solids are covered with supernatant aqueous liquor of the slurry.
3. The method as defined in Claim 1 wherein said aqueous sludge slurry is the product of a wet scrubber system for the removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion gases and wherein said sludge solids contain calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate.
4. The method as defined in Claim 3 wherein said sludge solids also contain fly ash.
5. The method as defined in Claim 1 wherein said granulated blast furnace slag, prior to addition to said sludge slurry, is ground to a particle size of between 1800 to 4000 sq. cm. per gram.
6. The method as defined in Claim 1 wherein said sludge slurry solids are devoid of fly ash.
7. The method of stabilizing the solids content of an aqueous sludge slurry of predominantly inorganic solids and including calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate and fly ash, wherein the aqueous sludge slurry comprises 25-60% solids and corres-pondingly 75-40% aqueous liquor, comprising:
grinding a granulated blast furnace slag to a particle size in the range of 1800-4000 sq. cm. per gram and adding said ground granulated blast furnace slag to said aqueous slurry in an amount of 1-20%, based on the solids content of the slurry, whereby a stabilized mass of said solids is formed upon setting of said solids.
grinding a granulated blast furnace slag to a particle size in the range of 1800-4000 sq. cm. per gram and adding said ground granulated blast furnace slag to said aqueous slurry in an amount of 1-20%, based on the solids content of the slurry, whereby a stabilized mass of said solids is formed upon setting of said solids.
8. The method defined in Claim 7 wherein said ground granulated blast furnace slag is intimately mixed with said sludge slurry solids.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05339151 US3920795A (en) | 1973-03-08 | 1973-03-08 | Stabilization of sludge slurries |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1064977A true CA1064977A (en) | 1979-10-23 |
Family
ID=23327734
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA194,049A Expired CA1064977A (en) | 1973-03-08 | 1974-03-05 | Stabilization of sludge slurries |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3920795A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS541261B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE811177A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1064977A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2408827C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2220489B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1429905A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL175167C (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3920795A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1975-11-18 | Dravo Corp | Stabilization of sludge slurries |
| FR2320266A1 (en) * | 1975-08-06 | 1977-03-04 | Quienot Jean | SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS FOR WASTE OF VARIOUS NATURE AND ORIGIN |
| US4108677A (en) * | 1975-09-04 | 1978-08-22 | Valiga Richard E | Process for treating waste sludge from combustion plant desulfurization units and cementitious product of the process |
| JPS5232896A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-03-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Improved wet recovery process of sulfur in the waste gas as gypsum wit h lime |
| JPS5280275A (en) * | 1975-12-27 | 1977-07-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Solidified harmful sludge |
| FR2337247A1 (en) * | 1975-12-30 | 1977-07-29 | Elf Aquitaine | RESTORATION OF BOREHOLE PITS |
| US4049462A (en) * | 1976-02-12 | 1977-09-20 | Wehran Engineering Corporation | Chemical fixation of desulfurization residues |
| JPS5334672A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1978-03-31 | Nakayama Steel Works Ltd | Method of preventing dissolution of noxious heavy metals from dusts* slurry and sludge thereof |
| JPS5522375A (en) * | 1978-08-07 | 1980-02-18 | Ii Buariga Richiyaado | Method of disposing waste sludge from desulfurization device of combustion plant and cementiteelike product by means of said method |
| US4208217A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1980-06-17 | United States Steel Corporation | Method of stabilizing aqueous fine coal slurry and product thereof |
| DE2900613C2 (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1988-01-21 | Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co. Ltd., Tokyo | Process for the production of a fiber-reinforced, hardened plaster molding |
| FR2451901B1 (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1985-10-11 | Gagneraud Francis | PROCESS FOR TREATING SLUDGE, RESIDUE AND WASTE WITH HIGH WATER CONTENT |
| EP0023086A1 (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-01-28 | L. John Minnick | Method of treating scrubber sludge and mixtures produced by the method |
| DE2930602A1 (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-19 | Muenster L Graf Zu Handel | METHOD FOR BINDING WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE |
| US4342732A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-08-03 | Smith Robert H | Sludge fixation and stabilization |
| DE3124001A1 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1983-01-13 | Hölter, Heinz, Dipl.-Ing., 4390 Gladbeck | Injection compositions for the consolidation of freshly cut rock, preferably for mining tunnels, having early-bearing flexural, tensile and compressive strength |
| DE3141884C2 (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1986-06-19 | Wintershall Ag, 3100 Celle | Process for the final disposal of pumpable waste materials |
| US4615809A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1986-10-07 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Method for stabilization of sludge |
| US4600514A (en) * | 1983-09-15 | 1986-07-15 | Chem-Technics, Inc. | Controlled gel time for solidification of multi-phased wastes |
| IN161460B (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1987-12-05 | Voest Alpine Ag | |
| US4695324A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1987-09-22 | Benjamin Lieberman | Method for processing coal preparation plant washings for elimination of sludge ponds |
| US4539121A (en) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-09-03 | Kapland Mitchell A | Bay mud stabilization |
| US4705638A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1987-11-10 | The University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation | Waste water treatment |
| NL8403501A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-06-02 | Pelt & Hooykaas | METHOD FOR CONVERTING INTO HARMFUL FORM OF PARTICLES RELEASED BY CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES BY MIXING WITH A MOLLED SILICATE CONTAINING MATERIAL AND MOLDED MATERIAL. |
| GB8516961D0 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1985-08-07 | Fosroc International Ltd | Pumpable backfill material |
| DK156157C (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1989-11-20 | Niro Atomizer As | PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING OF WASTE CONSUMPTION STEAMING ROEGGAS WHEN RECEIVING A DISPOSABLE REMEDY PRODUCT |
| JP2634220B2 (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1997-07-23 | キュクラー，ヨスト‐ウルリヒ | Watertight soil formation method especially for construction of sedimentation repository |
| NL8802398A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-04-17 | Pelt & Hooykaas | METHOD FOR HARMFULING TOXIC WASTE. |
| FR2689120B1 (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1994-12-30 | Lefebvre Entr Jean | Clinker stabilization process. |
| US5355594A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-10-18 | Daekyoo Hwang | Evaporative sludge stabilization |
| US20040092785A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-05-13 | Mills Peter S. | Coal slurry stabilization |
| EP2699493B1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2017-02-08 | Manno, James, Joseph., Jr. | Method for the treatment of drilling wastes and coal combustion residues |
| CN105392573A (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2016-03-09 | 哈斯科公司 | Coal refuse horticultural blend |
| BR112015027054A2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2017-07-25 | Harsco Corp | coal waste remediation process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2375019A (en) * | 1940-10-18 | 1945-05-01 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Stabilization of soils |
| US3230103A (en) * | 1963-05-16 | 1966-01-18 | Corson G & W H | Non-plastic composition containing pozzolan, lime and blast furnace slag |
| US3565648A (en) * | 1966-10-13 | 1971-02-23 | Kajima Construction Co Ltd | Method of utilizing blast furnace slag as a strength-improving agent for hardened cement |
| US3508407A (en) * | 1968-03-04 | 1970-04-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Mine backfill process |
| US3500934A (en) * | 1968-09-09 | 1970-03-17 | Us Interior | Fly ash injection method and apparatus |
| US3720609A (en) * | 1970-04-17 | 1973-03-13 | G & W Corson Inc | Process for treating aqueous chemical waste sludges and composition produced thereby |
| JPS526702B2 (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1977-02-24 | ||
| US3785840A (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1974-01-15 | Corson G & W H | Lime-fly ash-sulfite mixtures |
| JPS5133641B2 (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1976-09-21 | ||
| US3920795A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1975-11-18 | Dravo Corp | Stabilization of sludge slurries |
-
1973
- 1973-03-08 US US05339151 patent/US3920795A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-02-18 BE BE141042A patent/BE811177A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-21 FR FR7405984A patent/FR2220489B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-02-23 DE DE2408827A patent/DE2408827C3/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-04 NL NL7402865A patent/NL175167C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-05 CA CA194,049A patent/CA1064977A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-06 GB GB1009674A patent/GB1429905A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-06 JP JP2535774A patent/JPS541261B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-07-22 US US05/598,117 patent/US4015997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL175167C (en) | 1984-10-01 |
| US4015997A (en) | 1977-04-05 |
| FR2220489A1 (en) | 1974-10-04 |
| JPS541261B2 (en) | 1979-01-23 |
| NL175167B (en) | 1984-05-01 |
| DE2408827B2 (en) | 1978-11-30 |
| DE2408827A1 (en) | 1974-09-19 |
| JPS49121779A (en) | 1974-11-21 |
| NL7402865A (en) | 1974-09-10 |
| DE2408827C3 (en) | 1979-08-23 |
| FR2220489B1 (en) | 1978-03-24 |
| US3920795A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
| GB1429905A (en) | 1976-03-31 |
| BE811177A (en) | 1974-06-17 |
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