CA1064681A - Gas-reactor generator apparatus - Google Patents
Gas-reactor generator apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1064681A CA1064681A CA212,322A CA212322A CA1064681A CA 1064681 A CA1064681 A CA 1064681A CA 212322 A CA212322 A CA 212322A CA 1064681 A CA1064681 A CA 1064681A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reactor chamber
- vessel
- conduit member
- conduit
- lower ends
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed is a high temperature reactor-generator apparatus including a pressure vessel defined by walls including side walls with the vessel including a lower section and an upper section. A conduit member within the vessel has sides spaced from the pressure vessel walls and has open upper and lower ends. Partition means intermediate the upper and lower ends of the conduit. member span the space between the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vessel into an upper reactor chamber and a lower reactor chamber, the upper and lower ends of the conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections. Means are provided for introducing a fluid reactant medium into the lower reactor chamber for flow there-through and upwardly through the conduit member into the upper reactor chamber and then downwardly around the upper end of the conduit member and further means supply heat primarily to the lower reactor chamber. Outlet means remove reaction products from the upper reactor chamber and the outlet means is between the plane of the partition means and the plane of the conduit upper end.
Disclosed is a high temperature reactor-generator apparatus including a pressure vessel defined by walls including side walls with the vessel including a lower section and an upper section. A conduit member within the vessel has sides spaced from the pressure vessel walls and has open upper and lower ends. Partition means intermediate the upper and lower ends of the conduit. member span the space between the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vessel into an upper reactor chamber and a lower reactor chamber, the upper and lower ends of the conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections. Means are provided for introducing a fluid reactant medium into the lower reactor chamber for flow there-through and upwardly through the conduit member into the upper reactor chamber and then downwardly around the upper end of the conduit member and further means supply heat primarily to the lower reactor chamber. Outlet means remove reaction products from the upper reactor chamber and the outlet means is between the plane of the partition means and the plane of the conduit upper end.
Description
GAS-REACTOR GENERATOR APPARATUS
Background and Summary of t e Invention The invention particularly comprehends a high tempera-ture reactor-generator apparatus including a pressure vessel defined by walls including side walls with the vessel including a lower section and an upper section. A conduit member within the vessel has sides spaced from the pressure vessel walls and has open upper and lower ends, Partition means intermediate the upper and lower ends of the concluit member span the space between `
the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vess~l into an upper reactor cham~er and a lower reactor chamber, the upper ,~ `~
~; and lower ends of the conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections, Means '~
.;' ~ ~ : -:
are provided for introducing a fluid reactant medium into the : . ' ' ' -~ ' 'i lc~wer reactor chamber for flow therethrough and upwardly through -the conduit member ïnto the upper reactor chamber and then ~ , downwardly around the upper end of the conduit member and further means supply heat primarily to the lower reactor chamber, Outlet means remove reaction products from the upper reactor chamber ~ ~ , -~ 20 and the outlet means is between the plane of the partition , means and the plane of the conduit upper end, Brief Description of the Drawin~
~, -" The single figure of the accompanying drawing is a -, vertical axial sectional view through an apparatus embodying ,;~
, the invention, ,, Description of the Preferred Embodiment ~ ~ ?~
The apparatus illustrated in the accompanying ,, drawing comprises a generally vertical reactor-generator 10 having its lower end enclosed by a furnace 18 of any conventional con- ~-' 30 struction designed to heat the vessel 10 and its contents to the , :
.;
:~ requi.red reaction temperature ~hi.ch oE course ~ill vary depend- ~ :
; ing upon the reacti.on ~eing conducted within the vessel. In ~ ~ :
-:
general, however, these temperatures will vary from about lQ00F.
.~ to as much as 2500~. or even hïgher where such hïgher tempera-tures are required. -~
: Typical us-es of such a hïgh temperature gas reactor-. generator apparatus- are reformïng hydrocarbons wïth gaseous :
: products, dissocïatïon of ammonïa, partial oxïdation of distill-.- able and gaseous hydrocarbon feeds, hïgh temperature catalytic ; 10 reforming and the lï~e. There are, of course, many other :- examples ïn manufacturing ~ut in general the apparatus of this ;
:: :
~: invention can be used for any reactor-generator type of appara- -- tus wherein a gaseous product ïs produced under high temperature ,, conditl~ons. ,. ~ .
. In the illustrated embodiment the reactor 10 comprises .` a generally upright pressure vessel 11 adapted to be in generally upright position of which the vertical positi0n of the drawing . .: . , ~ is preferred. This vessel includes a lower integral section 12 ~ in that the vertical cyclinder 13 and bottom 14 are joined in :~ 20 a one-piece structure. ~ ~:
~ The reactor also ïncludes an upwardly extending inverted :.~ ., .
cap section 15 with the two sections 12 and 15 having adjacent :~
. edges to which are attached parallel mounting flanges 16 and 17 . ~
~ for attaching the two sections together as with the illustrated :
z bolts 19. ~-~` The adjacent edges of the sections 12 and 15 are joined ~:: by resilient seal means such as the pair of O-ring type gaskets . Z0 which are.of customary high temperature resistant construction ~ and with these gaskets in the ïllustrated embodiment .,~
~ 30 being positioned .
.. ..
. '' '~
:. -2- ~ :~
. .
,, ~
, ::
` ~646~1~
.
on opposite sides of a tube mountin~ flan~e 21 used for mounting an internal open ended baffle tube 22. I\s Call l)e seell from tlle single figure of the drawing this tube mounting flange 21 is -~
annular and is mounted on the tube 22 intermediate the -top 23 and bottom 24 of a generally vertis:al open cylinder which comprises the baffle tube 22. I`hus the tube mounting flange 21 ~-`
extends to the exterior of the.pressure vessel 11 and is locked in position in parallel arrangement with the mounting flanges 16 ~ :
and 17 so that it like the flanges are resiliently retained by ~ :~
the pair of gaskets 20.
The reactor is provided with an inlet -tube 25 for the ~ -entering feed stock located in the upper portion of the baffle and closely beneath the tube mounting flange 21 which also serves as a dividing flange for dividing the upper end exemplified by the cap section 15 from the lower end exemplified by the lower section 12. There is also provided an outlet tube ~ .
26 above this baffle or flange 21 for the gaseous products of reaction with this outlet tube being attached to the cap section 15. The outlet 26, as will be apparent from the drawing is .
:; .::
20 located between the plane of the flange 21 and the top edge of the baffle 22.
:: :
Thus the entering feed s-tock illustrated l~y the arrow `; 27 i.s directed by the presence of the flange 21 downwardly in :; ~ ?
the vessel as indicated by the arrows 28 to the bottom 14 of the vessel to which the bottom end 24 of the baffle tube 22 is adjacent but spaced therefrom so that the entering feed at the bottom 14 reverses as indicated by the arrows 29 to flow upwardly within the centrally located tube 22 and then into the .~ ~ :
head space 29 of the cap section 15 and downwardly around the .. : .;
: 30 upper end of the tube 22, as shown by the arrows, and from there the gaseous products of reaction are directed outwardly through the outlet fitting 26.
During this passage which is of considerable extent ::
, - 3 - ~; .
' ~ .
. .
, ~L06~
which can ~e seen by an examination of the fiyure the main source of heat is located in the bottom approximately one-half of the reactor 10 where the gas flow is simultaneously downwardly in the annular space 31 between the tube 22 and vessel 11 and upwardly within the interior of the tube 22.
With this cons-truc-tion not only are the opposite ends of the vessel 11 and the tube 22 free to expand and contract ~-~ ," ,...
~` under the changing temperature conditions but the sealing of the -i parts together and the resilient mounting of these parts are achieved by a single pair of resilient means embodied in the parallel and concentric gaskets 20. With this construction no -~
matter what the extremes of temperature encountered by the parts ;` of the reactor the danger of damage by temperature caused expansion and contraction is greatly reduced.
The illustrated embodiment in the drawing shows only a ;;
n~ single stage reactor. It is evident, however, to those skilled in this art that the invention may be readily applied to reactors in which a plurality of reactors are used either in ;~;
;~ parallel, series or parallel and series combined gas generating operations.
Furthermore, although the vessel is shown in generally upright position the reactor could also be used inverted from the position of the drawing or in horizontal or annular , ~ ~
~, position.
The structure shown, described and claimed herein ~' permits substantially free and unrestrained expansion of all -`
f~l parts of the reactor even when the temperature changes are as great as those previously described.
~. ~
~; Having described our inventlon as related to the ~
:::
embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, it is our intention tha-t the invention be not limitcd by way of thc details of description, unless otherwise specified, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as set out in the appended claims.
~ 4 ~
.
.
Background and Summary of t e Invention The invention particularly comprehends a high tempera-ture reactor-generator apparatus including a pressure vessel defined by walls including side walls with the vessel including a lower section and an upper section. A conduit member within the vessel has sides spaced from the pressure vessel walls and has open upper and lower ends, Partition means intermediate the upper and lower ends of the concluit member span the space between `
the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vess~l into an upper reactor cham~er and a lower reactor chamber, the upper ,~ `~
~; and lower ends of the conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections, Means '~
.;' ~ ~ : -:
are provided for introducing a fluid reactant medium into the : . ' ' ' -~ ' 'i lc~wer reactor chamber for flow therethrough and upwardly through -the conduit member ïnto the upper reactor chamber and then ~ , downwardly around the upper end of the conduit member and further means supply heat primarily to the lower reactor chamber, Outlet means remove reaction products from the upper reactor chamber ~ ~ , -~ 20 and the outlet means is between the plane of the partition , means and the plane of the conduit upper end, Brief Description of the Drawin~
~, -" The single figure of the accompanying drawing is a -, vertical axial sectional view through an apparatus embodying ,;~
, the invention, ,, Description of the Preferred Embodiment ~ ~ ?~
The apparatus illustrated in the accompanying ,, drawing comprises a generally vertical reactor-generator 10 having its lower end enclosed by a furnace 18 of any conventional con- ~-' 30 struction designed to heat the vessel 10 and its contents to the , :
.;
:~ requi.red reaction temperature ~hi.ch oE course ~ill vary depend- ~ :
; ing upon the reacti.on ~eing conducted within the vessel. In ~ ~ :
-:
general, however, these temperatures will vary from about lQ00F.
.~ to as much as 2500~. or even hïgher where such hïgher tempera-tures are required. -~
: Typical us-es of such a hïgh temperature gas reactor-. generator apparatus- are reformïng hydrocarbons wïth gaseous :
: products, dissocïatïon of ammonïa, partial oxïdation of distill-.- able and gaseous hydrocarbon feeds, hïgh temperature catalytic ; 10 reforming and the lï~e. There are, of course, many other :- examples ïn manufacturing ~ut in general the apparatus of this ;
:: :
~: invention can be used for any reactor-generator type of appara- -- tus wherein a gaseous product ïs produced under high temperature ,, conditl~ons. ,. ~ .
. In the illustrated embodiment the reactor 10 comprises .` a generally upright pressure vessel 11 adapted to be in generally upright position of which the vertical positi0n of the drawing . .: . , ~ is preferred. This vessel includes a lower integral section 12 ~ in that the vertical cyclinder 13 and bottom 14 are joined in :~ 20 a one-piece structure. ~ ~:
~ The reactor also ïncludes an upwardly extending inverted :.~ ., .
cap section 15 with the two sections 12 and 15 having adjacent :~
. edges to which are attached parallel mounting flanges 16 and 17 . ~
~ for attaching the two sections together as with the illustrated :
z bolts 19. ~-~` The adjacent edges of the sections 12 and 15 are joined ~:: by resilient seal means such as the pair of O-ring type gaskets . Z0 which are.of customary high temperature resistant construction ~ and with these gaskets in the ïllustrated embodiment .,~
~ 30 being positioned .
.. ..
. '' '~
:. -2- ~ :~
. .
,, ~
, ::
` ~646~1~
.
on opposite sides of a tube mountin~ flan~e 21 used for mounting an internal open ended baffle tube 22. I\s Call l)e seell from tlle single figure of the drawing this tube mounting flange 21 is -~
annular and is mounted on the tube 22 intermediate the -top 23 and bottom 24 of a generally vertis:al open cylinder which comprises the baffle tube 22. I`hus the tube mounting flange 21 ~-`
extends to the exterior of the.pressure vessel 11 and is locked in position in parallel arrangement with the mounting flanges 16 ~ :
and 17 so that it like the flanges are resiliently retained by ~ :~
the pair of gaskets 20.
The reactor is provided with an inlet -tube 25 for the ~ -entering feed stock located in the upper portion of the baffle and closely beneath the tube mounting flange 21 which also serves as a dividing flange for dividing the upper end exemplified by the cap section 15 from the lower end exemplified by the lower section 12. There is also provided an outlet tube ~ .
26 above this baffle or flange 21 for the gaseous products of reaction with this outlet tube being attached to the cap section 15. The outlet 26, as will be apparent from the drawing is .
:; .::
20 located between the plane of the flange 21 and the top edge of the baffle 22.
:: :
Thus the entering feed s-tock illustrated l~y the arrow `; 27 i.s directed by the presence of the flange 21 downwardly in :; ~ ?
the vessel as indicated by the arrows 28 to the bottom 14 of the vessel to which the bottom end 24 of the baffle tube 22 is adjacent but spaced therefrom so that the entering feed at the bottom 14 reverses as indicated by the arrows 29 to flow upwardly within the centrally located tube 22 and then into the .~ ~ :
head space 29 of the cap section 15 and downwardly around the .. : .;
: 30 upper end of the tube 22, as shown by the arrows, and from there the gaseous products of reaction are directed outwardly through the outlet fitting 26.
During this passage which is of considerable extent ::
, - 3 - ~; .
' ~ .
. .
, ~L06~
which can ~e seen by an examination of the fiyure the main source of heat is located in the bottom approximately one-half of the reactor 10 where the gas flow is simultaneously downwardly in the annular space 31 between the tube 22 and vessel 11 and upwardly within the interior of the tube 22.
With this cons-truc-tion not only are the opposite ends of the vessel 11 and the tube 22 free to expand and contract ~-~ ," ,...
~` under the changing temperature conditions but the sealing of the -i parts together and the resilient mounting of these parts are achieved by a single pair of resilient means embodied in the parallel and concentric gaskets 20. With this construction no -~
matter what the extremes of temperature encountered by the parts ;` of the reactor the danger of damage by temperature caused expansion and contraction is greatly reduced.
The illustrated embodiment in the drawing shows only a ;;
n~ single stage reactor. It is evident, however, to those skilled in this art that the invention may be readily applied to reactors in which a plurality of reactors are used either in ;~;
;~ parallel, series or parallel and series combined gas generating operations.
Furthermore, although the vessel is shown in generally upright position the reactor could also be used inverted from the position of the drawing or in horizontal or annular , ~ ~
~, position.
The structure shown, described and claimed herein ~' permits substantially free and unrestrained expansion of all -`
f~l parts of the reactor even when the temperature changes are as great as those previously described.
~. ~
~; Having described our inventlon as related to the ~
:::
embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, it is our intention tha-t the invention be not limitcd by way of thc details of description, unless otherwise specified, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as set out in the appended claims.
~ 4 ~
.
.
Claims (3)
1. A high temperature reactor-generator apparatus, comprising: a pressure vessel defined by walls including side walls, said vessel including a lower section and an upper section; a conduit member within said vessel having sides spaced from the pressure vessel walls and open upper and lower ends;
partition means intermediate said upper and lower ends of said conduit member spanning the space between the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vessel into an upper reactor chamber and a lower reactor chamber, the upper and lower ends of said conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections; means for introducing a fluid reactant medium into said lower reactor chamber for flow therethrough and upwardly through said conduit member into said upper reactor chamber and then downwardly around the upper end of said conduit member; means for supplying heat primarily to said lower reactor chamber; and outlet means for removing reaction products from said upper reactor chamber, said outlet means being between the plane of the partition means and the plane of the conduit upper end.
partition means intermediate said upper and lower ends of said conduit member spanning the space between the vessel and the conduit member for dividing the vessel into an upper reactor chamber and a lower reactor chamber, the upper and lower ends of said conduit extending upwardly and downwardly respectively into the respective upper and lower sections; means for introducing a fluid reactant medium into said lower reactor chamber for flow therethrough and upwardly through said conduit member into said upper reactor chamber and then downwardly around the upper end of said conduit member; means for supplying heat primarily to said lower reactor chamber; and outlet means for removing reaction products from said upper reactor chamber, said outlet means being between the plane of the partition means and the plane of the conduit upper end.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said partition means intermediate the upper and lower ends of said conduit member comprises a mounting flange attached to said conduit member intermediate the upper and lower ends thereof and spanning the space between the conduit member and the adjacent walls of said vessel and defining the adjacent ends of said upper reactor chamber and lower reactor chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for introducing said fluid reactant medium into said lower reactor chamber comprises an inlet fitting in said lower section closely spaced beneath said partition means.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44750374A | 1974-03-04 | 1974-03-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1064681A true CA1064681A (en) | 1979-10-23 |
Family
ID=23776641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA212,322A Expired CA1064681A (en) | 1974-03-04 | 1974-10-25 | Gas-reactor generator apparatus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS50120480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1064681A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2508392A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2263031A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1480267A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1023304B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2206353C1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-06-20 | Шумяцкий Олег Владимирович | Apparatus for volumetric fire extinguishing with the use of aerosol extinguisher |
| CN114797684A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-29 | 众立能源装备(陕西)有限公司 | Hydrogen production device for ammonia gas low-temperature catalytic decomposition |
-
1974
- 1974-10-25 CA CA212,322A patent/CA1064681A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-31 GB GB47160/74A patent/GB1480267A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-07 JP JP49127615A patent/JPS50120480A/ja active Pending
- 1974-11-18 IT IT54108/74A patent/IT1023304B/en active
-
1975
- 1975-02-26 DE DE19752508392 patent/DE2508392A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-02-28 FR FR7506315A patent/FR2263031A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1480267A (en) | 1977-07-20 |
| JPS50120480A (en) | 1975-09-20 |
| DE2508392A1 (en) | 1975-09-11 |
| FR2263031A1 (en) | 1975-10-03 |
| IT1023304B (en) | 1978-05-10 |
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