CA1063902A - Hollow puncture needle for use in vein catheter devices with hand-grip derived from rounded bodies - Google Patents
Hollow puncture needle for use in vein catheter devices with hand-grip derived from rounded bodiesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1063902A CA1063902A CA245,619A CA245619A CA1063902A CA 1063902 A CA1063902 A CA 1063902A CA 245619 A CA245619 A CA 245619A CA 1063902 A CA1063902 A CA 1063902A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- needle
- grip
- hand
- puncture needle
- plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
- A61M25/0612—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
- A61M25/0693—Flashback chambers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00902—Material properties transparent or translucent
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Hollow pointed puncture needle for use in a vein catheter device having a hand-grip derived from a rounded body and providing a receptacle for the reception of blood.
Hollow pointed puncture needle for use in a vein catheter device having a hand-grip derived from a rounded body and providing a receptacle for the reception of blood.
Description
1~6390Z
The present invention relates to puncture needles for use in vein catheters and is an improvement in, or modification of, the invention described and claimed in our Canadian Patent No. 1,032,845 issued June 13, 1978.
That patent describes and claims a hollow, pointed puncture needle for use in a vein catheter device, which has a hand-grip attached to the end of the said needle remote from the needle point, the said hand-grip having two essentially concave surfaces which are adapted for gripping by the thumb and finger with the thumb uppermost and which are so angled with respect to the needle that when thus gripped the plane of the hand-grip is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle.
As indicated in the earlier patent specification, the shape and position of the hand-grip facilitates the correct positioning of the puncture needle in the vein. We have now found that such positioning of the needle in the vein can also be achieved by the use of a puncture needle of the type described above but wherein the hand-grip is in the form of a one-piece rounded body provided with two recesses which are adapted for gripping by the
The present invention relates to puncture needles for use in vein catheters and is an improvement in, or modification of, the invention described and claimed in our Canadian Patent No. 1,032,845 issued June 13, 1978.
That patent describes and claims a hollow, pointed puncture needle for use in a vein catheter device, which has a hand-grip attached to the end of the said needle remote from the needle point, the said hand-grip having two essentially concave surfaces which are adapted for gripping by the thumb and finger with the thumb uppermost and which are so angled with respect to the needle that when thus gripped the plane of the hand-grip is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle.
As indicated in the earlier patent specification, the shape and position of the hand-grip facilitates the correct positioning of the puncture needle in the vein. We have now found that such positioning of the needle in the vein can also be achieved by the use of a puncture needle of the type described above but wherein the hand-grip is in the form of a one-piece rounded body provided with two recesses which are adapted for gripping by the
-2-thumb and finger in the manner referred to above.
According to one feature of the present invention we provide a hollow pointed puncture needle for use in a vien catheter device, which has a hand-grip attached to the end of the needle remote from the needle point, the hand-grip being in the from of a rounded body recessed to provide two surfaces, at least one of which is essentially concave,which surfaces are adapted for gripping by the thumb and finger with the thumb uppermost and which are so angled with respect to the needle that when thus gripped the plane of the hand-grip (as herein defined) is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle.
According to a further feature of the present invention we provide a vein catheter device comprising a vein catheter and a puncture needle as hereinbefore defined movable axially in the said catheter.
The expression "plane of the hand-grip" is used herein to indicate the plane passing through the axis (or extended axis) of the needle which intersects the mid-point of the line formed by the intersection of the chords ~or exte~ded chords) of the said coneave surfaces or -~where one of the said surfaces is non-concave) of one of said chords with the plane of the non-concave surface, except in the case where the said chords or plane of a non-concave surface are parallel, in which case the "plane of the needle" is the plane which passes through the axis (or extended axis) of the needle and which lies parallel to the said chords or plane. ;~
The expression "plane of the needle" is used herein to indicate the plane passing through the axis of the needle which intersects the point of the needle. When manipulating the needle, i~ is generally desirable that the needle point be maintained in the top or more preferably the bottom position when viewing the needle towards its pointed end; it is thus gener-ally desirable that the plane of the needle should be maintained approximately vertical with respect to the plane of the skin of the patient which is to be pierced.
The expression "rounded body" is used herein to indicate a body which apart from the said recesses has a generally rounded surface. It ~06390Z
may however be convenient to provide the said rounded body with flattened ends as hereinafter described and the expression "rounded body" is used herein to include such flat-ended bodies. The rounded bodies preferably have an axis of rotation which is conveniently located on the axis of the said needle. Examples of such bodies include spheres, ellipsoids and paraboloids (which may, if desired, be flattened in one or more directions) and cylinders.
In a preferred embodiment of the puncture needle according to the present invention, the two above-mentioned surfaces are essentially con-cave and form two opposite surfaces of a hand-grip which in cross-section through the concave surfaces in a direction transverse to the axis of the needle is four-sided, the two remaining surfaces of the hand-grip being the same or different in si~e. At least one of the latter two surfaces may be flat or preferably convex. In a preferred shape of hand-grip, the latter two surfaces are of different widths ~measured transversely to the axis of the needle) and the chords (or extended chords) of the said concave surfaces form an acute angle preferably about 30 with one another and an angle of about 75 with the other surface having the greater width.
The rounded body forming the hand-grip of the puncturenneedle according to the present invention may, if desired, have two flattened surfaces, one located at the end of the hand-grip to which the needle is fixed and the other located at the end of the hand-grip remote from the needle.
In such cases, the two flattened surface may differ in area to provide a taper, preferably a taper towards the end of the hand-grip remote from the needle.
In accordance with the invention, when the hand-grip is gripped between the thumb and finger (the thumb and forefinger being in general conveniently used) with the thumb uppermost the plane of the hand-grip is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle. When using the needle to puncture a vein, the manipulator cannot see the position of the point of the needle following piercing of the subject's skin but providing that the plane of the hand-grip is maintained at an approximately constant angle to the vertical the position of the needle point when viewed towards the pointed ~06390Z
end of the needle will remain approximately the same. Thus for example if the angle between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane o the needle is about 75, a generally preferred angle, and upon first inserting th~ needle point the plane of the hand-grip is held at an angle of about 75 from the vertical then the point of the needle will be approximately at the bottom position when viewing the needle towards the pointed end. Upon continuing the puncturing operation, providing the plane of the hand-grip is maintained at an angle of about 75 to the vertical the point of the needle will remain in approximately the desired bottom position. The precise angle between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane of the needle will depend upon the precise shape of the essentially concave surfaces of the hand-grip; the aim is thus to adopt an angle which provides a comfortable manipulating position when gripping by the thumb and f ~ r with the thumb uppermost and maintaining the plane of the needle vertical. The position which is most comfortable will depend upon the shaping of the essentially concave surfaces but in general an angle of from 45 to 90 between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane of the needle is desired. As stated above, a generally preferred angle has been found to be about 75.
In accordance with one particularly preferred feature of the present invention, the hand-grip provides a receptacle for the reception of blood released upon puncture of a vein by the needle. Thus, where the hand-grip is a receptacle, upon puncturing a vein, blood can flow along the needle into the receptacle. To facilitate the flow of blood, the hand-grip is ad-vantageously provided with at least one air-permeable surface through which air can be displaced upon reception of blood therein. Also the hand-grip preferably has at least one transparent or translucent wall whereby blood received into the hand-grip is visible to the manipulator of the needle there-by providing an indication of when a vein has been successfully punctured.
Fluting or facetting on the transparent or translucent wall or walls can if desired be provided to facilitate the observation of blood received into the hand-grip.
In the vein catheter devices according to the present invention, ~06390Z
the catheter is preferably made from a flexible plastic material, e.g. polytetr-afluoroethylene. The catheter may be made in any desired si~e according to the size of the veins for which the catheter is intended.
The vein catheter devices according to the invention are preferably provided with means for securing the devices to the skin of the patient during use. Thus, for example, the devices according to the present invention may, if desired, be provided, e.g. at the end adjacent to the said hand-grip, with a thickened portion having at least one circumferential groove therein ~preferably two grooves), said groove or grooves being adapted for co-operation with one or more corresponding pairs of resilient claws mountedon a base member which can be attached to the skin of a patient, e.g. by means of adhesives. The above-mentioned securing means are described more fully in our said copending Application.
If desired, the above-described catheters can be modified in the manner described in our said Application, e.g. by the attachment of a con-nector to the catheter which allows one to inject a liquid into the vein of a patient simultaneously with the transfusion of a different liquid into the same vein.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the accompanying drawings are given by way of illustration only, wherein Pigure 1 is a plan view of a vein catheter device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the vein catheter device shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the point of the puncture needle according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a side view of the hand-grip of the vein catheter device shown in Figure l; and Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section of the hand-grip of the vein catheter device shown in Figure 1, the cross-section being taken across -the middle of the concave gripping surfaces and perpendicular to the plane of the needle.
In Figures 1 and 2, a catheter (1) has a puncture needle (2 axially positioned therein. The catheter has a thickened portion ~3) in which there are formed two grooves (4) separated by a ring (5~. The hollow hand-grip (6) of the puncture needle is formed by a generally ellipsoid-shaped body having two recesses with concave surfaces for gripping by the thumb and finger. As shown in Figure 2 the hand-grip is provided with flattened ends. The end of the needle t8) extends into the flattened end (13) of the hand-grip and the other flattened end remote from the needle is provided with an air-permeable membrane (7).
In Figure 3, the point (9) of the needle is shown in the bottom position. The letter X indicates the plane of the needle passing through the needle axis (10) and intersecting the point of the needle (9).
In Figures 4 and 5, the concave surfaces (11 and 12) of the hand-grip are shown. In Figure S the p~ane Y of the hand-grip and the plane X of the needle are marked and "a" indicates the angle between X and Y.
According to one feature of the present invention we provide a hollow pointed puncture needle for use in a vien catheter device, which has a hand-grip attached to the end of the needle remote from the needle point, the hand-grip being in the from of a rounded body recessed to provide two surfaces, at least one of which is essentially concave,which surfaces are adapted for gripping by the thumb and finger with the thumb uppermost and which are so angled with respect to the needle that when thus gripped the plane of the hand-grip (as herein defined) is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle.
According to a further feature of the present invention we provide a vein catheter device comprising a vein catheter and a puncture needle as hereinbefore defined movable axially in the said catheter.
The expression "plane of the hand-grip" is used herein to indicate the plane passing through the axis (or extended axis) of the needle which intersects the mid-point of the line formed by the intersection of the chords ~or exte~ded chords) of the said coneave surfaces or -~where one of the said surfaces is non-concave) of one of said chords with the plane of the non-concave surface, except in the case where the said chords or plane of a non-concave surface are parallel, in which case the "plane of the needle" is the plane which passes through the axis (or extended axis) of the needle and which lies parallel to the said chords or plane. ;~
The expression "plane of the needle" is used herein to indicate the plane passing through the axis of the needle which intersects the point of the needle. When manipulating the needle, i~ is generally desirable that the needle point be maintained in the top or more preferably the bottom position when viewing the needle towards its pointed end; it is thus gener-ally desirable that the plane of the needle should be maintained approximately vertical with respect to the plane of the skin of the patient which is to be pierced.
The expression "rounded body" is used herein to indicate a body which apart from the said recesses has a generally rounded surface. It ~06390Z
may however be convenient to provide the said rounded body with flattened ends as hereinafter described and the expression "rounded body" is used herein to include such flat-ended bodies. The rounded bodies preferably have an axis of rotation which is conveniently located on the axis of the said needle. Examples of such bodies include spheres, ellipsoids and paraboloids (which may, if desired, be flattened in one or more directions) and cylinders.
In a preferred embodiment of the puncture needle according to the present invention, the two above-mentioned surfaces are essentially con-cave and form two opposite surfaces of a hand-grip which in cross-section through the concave surfaces in a direction transverse to the axis of the needle is four-sided, the two remaining surfaces of the hand-grip being the same or different in si~e. At least one of the latter two surfaces may be flat or preferably convex. In a preferred shape of hand-grip, the latter two surfaces are of different widths ~measured transversely to the axis of the needle) and the chords (or extended chords) of the said concave surfaces form an acute angle preferably about 30 with one another and an angle of about 75 with the other surface having the greater width.
The rounded body forming the hand-grip of the puncturenneedle according to the present invention may, if desired, have two flattened surfaces, one located at the end of the hand-grip to which the needle is fixed and the other located at the end of the hand-grip remote from the needle.
In such cases, the two flattened surface may differ in area to provide a taper, preferably a taper towards the end of the hand-grip remote from the needle.
In accordance with the invention, when the hand-grip is gripped between the thumb and finger (the thumb and forefinger being in general conveniently used) with the thumb uppermost the plane of the hand-grip is at an angle of at least 45 to the plane of the needle. When using the needle to puncture a vein, the manipulator cannot see the position of the point of the needle following piercing of the subject's skin but providing that the plane of the hand-grip is maintained at an approximately constant angle to the vertical the position of the needle point when viewed towards the pointed ~06390Z
end of the needle will remain approximately the same. Thus for example if the angle between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane o the needle is about 75, a generally preferred angle, and upon first inserting th~ needle point the plane of the hand-grip is held at an angle of about 75 from the vertical then the point of the needle will be approximately at the bottom position when viewing the needle towards the pointed end. Upon continuing the puncturing operation, providing the plane of the hand-grip is maintained at an angle of about 75 to the vertical the point of the needle will remain in approximately the desired bottom position. The precise angle between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane of the needle will depend upon the precise shape of the essentially concave surfaces of the hand-grip; the aim is thus to adopt an angle which provides a comfortable manipulating position when gripping by the thumb and f ~ r with the thumb uppermost and maintaining the plane of the needle vertical. The position which is most comfortable will depend upon the shaping of the essentially concave surfaces but in general an angle of from 45 to 90 between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane of the needle is desired. As stated above, a generally preferred angle has been found to be about 75.
In accordance with one particularly preferred feature of the present invention, the hand-grip provides a receptacle for the reception of blood released upon puncture of a vein by the needle. Thus, where the hand-grip is a receptacle, upon puncturing a vein, blood can flow along the needle into the receptacle. To facilitate the flow of blood, the hand-grip is ad-vantageously provided with at least one air-permeable surface through which air can be displaced upon reception of blood therein. Also the hand-grip preferably has at least one transparent or translucent wall whereby blood received into the hand-grip is visible to the manipulator of the needle there-by providing an indication of when a vein has been successfully punctured.
Fluting or facetting on the transparent or translucent wall or walls can if desired be provided to facilitate the observation of blood received into the hand-grip.
In the vein catheter devices according to the present invention, ~06390Z
the catheter is preferably made from a flexible plastic material, e.g. polytetr-afluoroethylene. The catheter may be made in any desired si~e according to the size of the veins for which the catheter is intended.
The vein catheter devices according to the invention are preferably provided with means for securing the devices to the skin of the patient during use. Thus, for example, the devices according to the present invention may, if desired, be provided, e.g. at the end adjacent to the said hand-grip, with a thickened portion having at least one circumferential groove therein ~preferably two grooves), said groove or grooves being adapted for co-operation with one or more corresponding pairs of resilient claws mountedon a base member which can be attached to the skin of a patient, e.g. by means of adhesives. The above-mentioned securing means are described more fully in our said copending Application.
If desired, the above-described catheters can be modified in the manner described in our said Application, e.g. by the attachment of a con-nector to the catheter which allows one to inject a liquid into the vein of a patient simultaneously with the transfusion of a different liquid into the same vein.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the accompanying drawings are given by way of illustration only, wherein Pigure 1 is a plan view of a vein catheter device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the vein catheter device shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the point of the puncture needle according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a side view of the hand-grip of the vein catheter device shown in Figure l; and Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section of the hand-grip of the vein catheter device shown in Figure 1, the cross-section being taken across -the middle of the concave gripping surfaces and perpendicular to the plane of the needle.
In Figures 1 and 2, a catheter (1) has a puncture needle (2 axially positioned therein. The catheter has a thickened portion ~3) in which there are formed two grooves (4) separated by a ring (5~. The hollow hand-grip (6) of the puncture needle is formed by a generally ellipsoid-shaped body having two recesses with concave surfaces for gripping by the thumb and finger. As shown in Figure 2 the hand-grip is provided with flattened ends. The end of the needle t8) extends into the flattened end (13) of the hand-grip and the other flattened end remote from the needle is provided with an air-permeable membrane (7).
In Figure 3, the point (9) of the needle is shown in the bottom position. The letter X indicates the plane of the needle passing through the needle axis (10) and intersecting the point of the needle (9).
In Figures 4 and 5, the concave surfaces (11 and 12) of the hand-grip are shown. In Figure S the p~ane Y of the hand-grip and the plane X of the needle are marked and "a" indicates the angle between X and Y.
Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A hollow pointed puncture needle for use in a vein catheter device, which has a hand-grip attached to the end of the needle remote from the needle point, the hand-grip being in the form of a rounded body recessed to provide two surfaces, at least one of which is essentially concave, which surfaces are adapted for gripping by the thumb and finger with the thumb uppermost and which are so angled with respect to the needle that when thus gripped the plane of the hand-grip is at an angle of at least 45° to the plane of the needle.
2. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said rounded body is a recessed sphere, ellipsoid or paraboloid.
3. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the said rounded body has an axis of rotation located on the axis of the needle.
4. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 wherein the two above-mentioned surfaces are concave and form the two opposite surfaces of a hand-grip which in cross-section through the concave surfaces in a direction transverse to the plane of the needle is four-sided.
5. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 4 wherein the chords (or extended chords) of the said concave surfaces form an acute angle with one another.
6. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 5 wherein the said chords form an angle of about 30° with one another.
7. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said rounded body has two flattened surfaces, one located at the end of the hand-grip to which the needle is fixed and the other located at the end of the hand-grip remote from the needle.
8. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 7 wherein the two flattened surfaces differ in area to provide a taper on the hand-grip.
9. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 8 wherein the hand-grip tapers towards the end thereof remote from the needle.
10. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hand-grip pro-vides a receptacle for the reception of blood released upon puncture of a vein by the needle.
11. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hand-grip has at least one air-permeable surface through which air can be displaced upon reception of blood therein.
12. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hand-grip has at least one transparent or translucent wall whereby blood received into the hand-grip is visible to the manipulator of the needle.
13. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 12 wherein the hand-grip is fluted or facetted on its transparent or translucent wall or walls.
14. A puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the angle between the plane of the hand-grip and the plane of the needle is about 75°.
15. A vein catheter device comprising a vein catheter and a puncture needle as claimed in claim 1 movable axially in the said catheter.
16. A vein catheter device as claimed in claim 15 having means for securing the device to the skin of the subject during use.
17. A vein catheter device as claimed in claim 16 wherein the said cath-eter is provided with a thickened portion having at least one circumferential groove therein, said groove or grooves being adapted for co-operation with a base member which is attachable to the skin of the subject during use.
18. A vein catheter as claimed in claim 17 wherein the said thickened portion has two grooves therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752505790 DE2505790C3 (en) | 1975-02-12 | Hollow puncture needle for use in venous catheter devices |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1063902A true CA1063902A (en) | 1979-10-09 |
Family
ID=5938657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA245,619A Expired CA1063902A (en) | 1975-02-12 | 1976-02-12 | Hollow puncture needle for use in vein catheter devices with hand-grip derived from rounded bodies |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS51105181A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT355190B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE838459R (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1063902A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH593052A5 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES445062A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1541873A (en) |
| IT (2) | IT1053838B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO760438L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU210728B (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1995-07-28 | Bottlik | Needle for piloting of a catheter through the skin in closed structure |
| IT1318414B1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2003-08-25 | Zambon Spa | CASE FOR HOUSING A DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH NEEDLE FOR INJECTION AFTER USE. |
| GB0110343D0 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2001-06-20 | Entaco Ltd | Body piercing needle |
-
1976
- 1976-01-14 AT AT20576A patent/AT355190B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-09 CH CH156076A patent/CH593052A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-10 JP JP51013829A patent/JPS51105181A/ja active Pending
- 1976-02-10 IT IT48040/76A patent/IT1053838B/en active
- 1976-02-11 BE BE164241A patent/BE838459R/en active
- 1976-02-11 ES ES445062A patent/ES445062A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-11 IT ITRM1976U35552U patent/IT7635552U1/en unknown
- 1976-02-11 NO NO760438A patent/NO760438L/no unknown
- 1976-02-12 GB GB765622A patent/GB1541873A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-12 CA CA245,619A patent/CA1063902A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7635552U1 (en) | 1977-08-11 |
| ATA20576A (en) | 1979-07-15 |
| GB1541873A (en) | 1979-03-14 |
| ES445062A1 (en) | 1977-05-16 |
| AT355190B (en) | 1980-02-25 |
| CH593052A5 (en) | 1977-11-15 |
| JPS51105181A (en) | 1976-09-17 |
| DE2505790A1 (en) | 1976-08-26 |
| IT1053838B (en) | 1981-10-10 |
| DE2505790B2 (en) | 1977-06-16 |
| BE838459R (en) | 1976-08-11 |
| NO760438L (en) | 1976-08-13 |
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