CA1062520A - Fencing - Google Patents
FencingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1062520A CA1062520A CA251,382A CA251382A CA1062520A CA 1062520 A CA1062520 A CA 1062520A CA 251382 A CA251382 A CA 251382A CA 1062520 A CA1062520 A CA 1062520A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ribbon
- fence
- layer
- plastics
- pole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
- E01F13/02—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions free-standing; portable, e.g. for guarding open manholes ; Portable signs or signals specially adapted for fitting to portable barriers
- E01F13/028—Flexible barrier members, e.g. cords; Means for rendering same conspicuous; Adapted supports, e.g. with storage reel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K3/00—Pasturing equipment, e.g. tethering devices; Grids for preventing cattle from straying; Electrified wire fencing
- A01K3/005—Electrified fencing for pastures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Fencing (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A fence is described which includes a plurality of poles and a ribbon extending between the poles. The ribbon includes portions thereof corresponding to each pole which is looped about the pole and a compressible tube which necks each loop of the ribbon, and the ribbon is held on the pole by tension in the ribbon and consequently on the tube. The ribbon includes a strip of laminated, form-retaining, pliable material and having at least a metal layer and a plastics layer.
Description
m e present invention refers to fencing. It is often necessary to fence-off one region from another to mark the boundaries of private property or to enclose certain areas. Special fences have been designed for various purposes ranging from decorative fences and boardings to barbed wire fences for livestock and military purposes.
Various endeavours have been made to design a fence suitable for different purposes. While domestic animals fear a barbed wire fence, man is extremely careful to ensure that a fence surrounding a garden should not hurt a child. Fences around dwelling houses are usually made to look decorative but a fence for livestock often turns out to be an eyesore. A fence around a grazing ground should be easily movable while a more permanent fence might be more appropriate for other purposes.
It has, surprisingly enough, been proved that an area can, to a great extent, be enclosed by one type of fence which serves the purposes provided by particular types of fences avallable for different purposes. The present invention relates to a movable fence capable of marking the boundaries of an area without causing harm to man or livestock.
To deter wild or tame animals from touching a fence it may be practical to make the fence of plastics ribbons having electric conductors to which is fed a high voltage, the ribbon being secured between poles by means of plastics rings. On touching the ribbon the animal receives an electric shock when a charge passes from the ribbon to earth. Several fences of this type have been tested and certain weaknesses discovered. m e wind tends to make the ribbon move which is quite an advantage because this means that the fence can be seen more easily but this may cause fatigue in the ribbon and fixtures resulting in them eventually breaking.
"
The durability of the ribbon is not increased by making the ribbon wider since this increases the effect of the wind. Better structural qualities have, therefore, had to be based on the thickness of the ribbon. Satisfactory results have only been achieved through the use of a laminated three-layer ribbon, i.e., a metal foil with a plastics layer on both sides. The risk of ribbon failure is highest at the poles where the fixtures used caused a sharp bend in the ribbon.
- Not only the wind, but also light affects plastics materials, especially ultra-violet light, and only a very limited number of plastics materials possess the necessary qualities of resistance.
The primary objective of the present invention has been to improve the form of fixing the ribbon to the poles so as to reduce the risk of ribbon failure at this point.
In accordance with this invention, therefore, we provide fencing comprising a loop of ribbon pulled through an elastic tube to form an eye and secured to a pole by the eye enclosing the pole, the elastic tube being compressible longi-tudinally by tensioning the ribbon each side of the eye. Asthe ribbon stretches, the eye is pulled around the pole compressing the tube to provide a smooth connection. It has proved, surprisingly enough, that a ring of plastics foil, where the foil is even thinner than 50 ~m, (micrometers or 10 3 millimeters of 10 6 meters) is sufficient, while the previous fixtures of a thickness of 0.2 mm not only damaged the ribbon but even broke. With this we have achieved improved stability of the fixture along with cutting construction costs.
In accordance with a further broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fence comprising a plurality of poles and at least a ribbon extending between the poles. The improvement in the fence construction is that a portion of the ribbon corresponding to each pole is looped about the pole and an elastic tube necks each loop of the ribbon. The ribbon is held on the pole by tension in the ribbon and consequently on the tube.
Fencing in accordance with this invention also aims to protect the ribbon against various other effects. For example, the ribbon is protected by a coloured plastics coating which does not pass but absorbs ultra-violet light or by a coating of metal foil or metal powder to reflect light. The metal layer which may be aluminium, will reflect light and provide a twinkling effect which will call attention to the existence of the fence and clearly mark the area enclosed by the fence. If the opposite side of the ribbon is supplied with a coloured surface to hinder the passage of the ultra-violet light, then this will offer a sharp contrast to, e.g., glistening snow, which again means that the fence is more clearly visible even in winter and when fields are covered with snow. This is of vital importance when the fence is to be used for game-keeping purposes.
The above form of metal coated ribbon offers a considerable advantage for, if the outer conductor breaks, sparks will jump from the edge of the inner ribbon to that of the outer one. The joint will have a satisfactory effect if the outer metal surfaces of two ribbons to be joined are put together surface-to-surface. Should a breakage of the joint occur, then the charge will pass from the inner metal layer via the outer conductor.
In fatigue tests improved results have been obtained when reducing the thickness of the metal or aluminium foil from 30 ~um to 15 ~um. It is possible to work with aluminium foil as thin as 9 um. There is, however, a minimum limit below which certain minor damage may cause burning due to the high voltage 10625~0 applied to the foil. This may happen when using a layer of atomized metal powder rather than foil.
The following description should be read in conjunction with the attached drawing, in which:
Figure 1 shows a fence in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 2 shows a device for fixing a ribbon on a pole for the fence shown in Figure 1.
References 1, 2, 3 and 4 show poles which may be of plastics or any other suitable material and with any chosen cross-section. An appropriate cross-section should be circular and the material a plastics material. Between the poles is a plane ribbon 5 which has, as its base, a metal ribbon, e.g. aluminium, which is plastic-coated on both sides. The plastic coating can either be sprayed on or fitted on, whichever is more convenient. On one plastic coated side of the ribbon is a reflective metal layer while the other side has a layer which will prevent damage from ultra-violet light. The ribbon is twisted, as shown in the drawing and fixed to each pole by pulling a loop of ribbon through an elastic ring 6 as shown in Figure 2. The loop is fitted over the pole and the diameter of the loop is reduced by pulling the ring to the left so that the ribbon stays on the pole. The ring is designed as a tube of, e.g. plastics material, having a thickness of 50 ym. Since the tube is elastic it can extend or compress and thereby reduce chaffing of the ribbon on the pole. Other types of ribbon, cord, wire or the like elongate flexible members may be used with the rings so as to make use of the flexibility of these fixtures.
A ribbon of a width of 10 mm comprising the following layers of foils glued together, 15 ~m aluminium, 190 ~m polyester, 15 ,um aluminium, ,f"'--~ - 4 -190 ym polyester, and 30 ym black polyethene. The ribbon is fitted on tubular poles by means of rings of 100 ~m thickness made in the form of a laminate of nylon and polythene. High voltage electric impulses of two thousand volts are fed to the metal layer. This electric fence has the same effect as wild game mirrors which reflect light.
A ribbon of 12 mm made of glass fibre reinforced polyester of 350 ym thickness with a coating on one side of 20 um aluminium foil and on the other side, of 100 ,um red nylon.
The poles are made of glass fibre reinforced polyester.
Using three mutually parallel ribbons, fitted on the poles, this simple and decorative fence may be used to fence-in a lay-by or meadow.
In order to reduce the effects of the wind without having to alter the reinforcing of the plastic, an 8 mm ribbon has been tested, consisting of an inner layer of 15 ~um aluminium covered on both sides by 100 ~m polyester and, on the outer side, of 15 ,um aluminium foil, by both sides being coloured.
Poles and fixtures are the same as in Example 1.
Various endeavours have been made to design a fence suitable for different purposes. While domestic animals fear a barbed wire fence, man is extremely careful to ensure that a fence surrounding a garden should not hurt a child. Fences around dwelling houses are usually made to look decorative but a fence for livestock often turns out to be an eyesore. A fence around a grazing ground should be easily movable while a more permanent fence might be more appropriate for other purposes.
It has, surprisingly enough, been proved that an area can, to a great extent, be enclosed by one type of fence which serves the purposes provided by particular types of fences avallable for different purposes. The present invention relates to a movable fence capable of marking the boundaries of an area without causing harm to man or livestock.
To deter wild or tame animals from touching a fence it may be practical to make the fence of plastics ribbons having electric conductors to which is fed a high voltage, the ribbon being secured between poles by means of plastics rings. On touching the ribbon the animal receives an electric shock when a charge passes from the ribbon to earth. Several fences of this type have been tested and certain weaknesses discovered. m e wind tends to make the ribbon move which is quite an advantage because this means that the fence can be seen more easily but this may cause fatigue in the ribbon and fixtures resulting in them eventually breaking.
"
The durability of the ribbon is not increased by making the ribbon wider since this increases the effect of the wind. Better structural qualities have, therefore, had to be based on the thickness of the ribbon. Satisfactory results have only been achieved through the use of a laminated three-layer ribbon, i.e., a metal foil with a plastics layer on both sides. The risk of ribbon failure is highest at the poles where the fixtures used caused a sharp bend in the ribbon.
- Not only the wind, but also light affects plastics materials, especially ultra-violet light, and only a very limited number of plastics materials possess the necessary qualities of resistance.
The primary objective of the present invention has been to improve the form of fixing the ribbon to the poles so as to reduce the risk of ribbon failure at this point.
In accordance with this invention, therefore, we provide fencing comprising a loop of ribbon pulled through an elastic tube to form an eye and secured to a pole by the eye enclosing the pole, the elastic tube being compressible longi-tudinally by tensioning the ribbon each side of the eye. Asthe ribbon stretches, the eye is pulled around the pole compressing the tube to provide a smooth connection. It has proved, surprisingly enough, that a ring of plastics foil, where the foil is even thinner than 50 ~m, (micrometers or 10 3 millimeters of 10 6 meters) is sufficient, while the previous fixtures of a thickness of 0.2 mm not only damaged the ribbon but even broke. With this we have achieved improved stability of the fixture along with cutting construction costs.
In accordance with a further broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fence comprising a plurality of poles and at least a ribbon extending between the poles. The improvement in the fence construction is that a portion of the ribbon corresponding to each pole is looped about the pole and an elastic tube necks each loop of the ribbon. The ribbon is held on the pole by tension in the ribbon and consequently on the tube.
Fencing in accordance with this invention also aims to protect the ribbon against various other effects. For example, the ribbon is protected by a coloured plastics coating which does not pass but absorbs ultra-violet light or by a coating of metal foil or metal powder to reflect light. The metal layer which may be aluminium, will reflect light and provide a twinkling effect which will call attention to the existence of the fence and clearly mark the area enclosed by the fence. If the opposite side of the ribbon is supplied with a coloured surface to hinder the passage of the ultra-violet light, then this will offer a sharp contrast to, e.g., glistening snow, which again means that the fence is more clearly visible even in winter and when fields are covered with snow. This is of vital importance when the fence is to be used for game-keeping purposes.
The above form of metal coated ribbon offers a considerable advantage for, if the outer conductor breaks, sparks will jump from the edge of the inner ribbon to that of the outer one. The joint will have a satisfactory effect if the outer metal surfaces of two ribbons to be joined are put together surface-to-surface. Should a breakage of the joint occur, then the charge will pass from the inner metal layer via the outer conductor.
In fatigue tests improved results have been obtained when reducing the thickness of the metal or aluminium foil from 30 ~um to 15 ~um. It is possible to work with aluminium foil as thin as 9 um. There is, however, a minimum limit below which certain minor damage may cause burning due to the high voltage 10625~0 applied to the foil. This may happen when using a layer of atomized metal powder rather than foil.
The following description should be read in conjunction with the attached drawing, in which:
Figure 1 shows a fence in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 2 shows a device for fixing a ribbon on a pole for the fence shown in Figure 1.
References 1, 2, 3 and 4 show poles which may be of plastics or any other suitable material and with any chosen cross-section. An appropriate cross-section should be circular and the material a plastics material. Between the poles is a plane ribbon 5 which has, as its base, a metal ribbon, e.g. aluminium, which is plastic-coated on both sides. The plastic coating can either be sprayed on or fitted on, whichever is more convenient. On one plastic coated side of the ribbon is a reflective metal layer while the other side has a layer which will prevent damage from ultra-violet light. The ribbon is twisted, as shown in the drawing and fixed to each pole by pulling a loop of ribbon through an elastic ring 6 as shown in Figure 2. The loop is fitted over the pole and the diameter of the loop is reduced by pulling the ring to the left so that the ribbon stays on the pole. The ring is designed as a tube of, e.g. plastics material, having a thickness of 50 ym. Since the tube is elastic it can extend or compress and thereby reduce chaffing of the ribbon on the pole. Other types of ribbon, cord, wire or the like elongate flexible members may be used with the rings so as to make use of the flexibility of these fixtures.
A ribbon of a width of 10 mm comprising the following layers of foils glued together, 15 ~m aluminium, 190 ~m polyester, 15 ,um aluminium, ,f"'--~ - 4 -190 ym polyester, and 30 ym black polyethene. The ribbon is fitted on tubular poles by means of rings of 100 ~m thickness made in the form of a laminate of nylon and polythene. High voltage electric impulses of two thousand volts are fed to the metal layer. This electric fence has the same effect as wild game mirrors which reflect light.
A ribbon of 12 mm made of glass fibre reinforced polyester of 350 ym thickness with a coating on one side of 20 um aluminium foil and on the other side, of 100 ,um red nylon.
The poles are made of glass fibre reinforced polyester.
Using three mutually parallel ribbons, fitted on the poles, this simple and decorative fence may be used to fence-in a lay-by or meadow.
In order to reduce the effects of the wind without having to alter the reinforcing of the plastic, an 8 mm ribbon has been tested, consisting of an inner layer of 15 ~um aluminium covered on both sides by 100 ~m polyester and, on the outer side, of 15 ,um aluminium foil, by both sides being coloured.
Poles and fixtures are the same as in Example 1.
Claims (7)
1. In a fence comprising a plurality of poles and at least one ribbon extending between the poles, the improvement being that a portion of the ribbon corresponding to each pole is looped about the pole and an elastic tube necks each loop of the ribbon, and the ribbon is held on the pole by tension in the ribbon and consequently on the tube.
2. In a fence as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ribbon is a pliable multi-layer structure, at least one layer being a metal layer.
3. In a fence as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said tube is a foil ring having a thickness of 50 µm.
4. In a fence as defined in claim 1, said ribbon comprising: a strip made of a form-retaining pliable plastics material; a metal layer having substantially the same width and length as said strip adhered to one side thereof, the outwardly facing side of said metal layer being light reflecting, and a layer of colored material adhered to the opposite side of said strip.
5. In a fence as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ribbon comprises a metal foil plastics coated on both sides with a light reflective layer on one plastics coated side and a layer on the other plastics coated side which prevents damage by ultra-violet light.
6. In a fence as defined in claim 1, wherein said ribbon comprises a metal foil, plastics coated on both sides with a light reflective layer on one plastics coated side and one layer of coloured plastics material on the other plastics coated side which prevents damage by ultra-violet light and at the same time makes the ribbon more conspicuous.
7. In a fence as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ribbon comprises glass fibre reinforced plastics material coated on one side with aluminium and on the other side with nylon.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7505043A SE395498B (en) | 1975-04-30 | 1975-04-30 | FENCE WITH POSTS AND FENCES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1062520A true CA1062520A (en) | 1979-09-18 |
Family
ID=20324455
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA251,382A Expired CA1062520A (en) | 1975-04-30 | 1976-04-29 | Fencing |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU501989B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1062520A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH612240A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2618197A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI59648C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2309693A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1513317A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO146370C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ180641A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE395498B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3411044C2 (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1986-02-20 | Johann Borgers Gmbh & Co Kg, 4290 Bocholt | Fence, especially pasture fence |
| DE8904294U1 (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1989-08-10 | Fink Stallbau, 8804 Dinkelsbühl | Fitting for holding and/or guiding a fence strap or tape |
| CN102913053A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-06 | 杨浩雨 | Safety isolation belt |
-
1975
- 1975-04-30 SE SE7505043A patent/SE395498B/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-04-21 NZ NZ180641A patent/NZ180641A/en unknown
- 1976-04-26 DE DE19762618197 patent/DE2618197A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-04-28 AU AU13410/76A patent/AU501989B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-28 NO NO761476A patent/NO146370C/en unknown
- 1976-04-28 CH CH534176A patent/CH612240A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-29 GB GB17383/76A patent/GB1513317A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-29 FI FI761211A patent/FI59648C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-29 CA CA251,382A patent/CA1062520A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-30 FR FR7612907A patent/FR2309693A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI59648B (en) | 1981-05-29 |
| SE7505043L (en) | 1976-10-31 |
| NO761476L (en) | 1976-11-02 |
| NO146370C (en) | 1982-09-15 |
| DE2618197A1 (en) | 1976-11-11 |
| FI761211A (en) | 1976-10-31 |
| FR2309693A1 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
| GB1513317A (en) | 1978-06-07 |
| CH612240A5 (en) | 1979-07-13 |
| AU1341076A (en) | 1977-11-03 |
| FR2309693B1 (en) | 1982-06-11 |
| SE395498B (en) | 1977-08-15 |
| AU501989B2 (en) | 1979-07-12 |
| NO146370B (en) | 1982-06-07 |
| NZ180641A (en) | 1978-11-13 |
| FI59648C (en) | 1981-09-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6341550B1 (en) | Electrobraid fence | |
| JP2547253B2 (en) | Animal resistant cable | |
| EP0090585B1 (en) | Rodent-resistant non-conductive optical fiber cable | |
| US4111400A (en) | Electrified fence | |
| CA1062520A (en) | Fencing | |
| BR9206572A (en) | Helically wound reinforced ribbed composite structure | |
| JPS58189603A (en) | Optical fiber cable | |
| JPH0395804A (en) | Animal resistant cable | |
| DE4492616D2 (en) | Wind turbine with lightning protection | |
| EP0255213B1 (en) | Composite strand fence | |
| US6660378B2 (en) | Glow-in-the-dark animal tie-out | |
| EP0104669B1 (en) | Improved electric fence wire construction | |
| DE69305913D1 (en) | Aromatic polyamide threads with improved weather resistance | |
| FI61545B (en) | STAKET MED STOLPAR OCH STAENGSEL | |
| JPWO2020084653A1 (en) | Wire rope with reflective tape, wire rope with fluorescent tape and cable road guard fence | |
| JP7146200B2 (en) | Line-of-sight post with light guide bar and guard cable | |
| JPH0426477Y2 (en) | ||
| CN219891949U (en) | Insulating layer overhead cable | |
| EP3325722B1 (en) | Flat cable with signalling effect | |
| KR102175350B1 (en) | Reflection wire for rope and rope | |
| KR910008308Y1 (en) | Skipping rope | |
| EP0383696A1 (en) | Electrical wire for a protection netting | |
| CA2444650C (en) | Electric rope | |
| CA2267771C (en) | Electrobraid fence | |
| KR950704843A (en) | ATTACHMENT ELEMENT AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |