CA1061320A

CA1061320A - Dual purpose cutting oil

Info

Publication number: CA1061320A
Application number: CA235,349A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Leonard S. Seni; James E. Davis; Henry R. Harrison
Original assignee: Texaco Development Corp
Current assignee: Texaco Development Corp
Priority date: 1974-11-13
Filing date: 1975-09-12
Publication date: 1979-08-28
Also published as: FR2291264A1; SE407074B; ATA866475A; BR7507394A; DD121336A5; SE7512091L; IT1049057B; GB1523149A; DE2549952A1; AT340029B; US3929652A

Abstract

DUAL PURPOSE CUTTING OIL
(D#74, 215 -F) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A dual purpose cutting oil is provided which serves as a heavy duty cutting oil and a machine lubricant. The oil comprises a base oil, an extreme pressure agent comprising primarily Bis (.beta.-chlorophenethyl) disulfide and a copper corrosion inhibitor comprising an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto 1, 3,4 thiadiazole.

Description

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BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The invention pertains to the field of cutting , oils.
Description of the Prior Art Metal cutting and grinding have as their objective a progressive removal of metal from the ~work piece in the form of chips rather than by plastic reforming of the metal.
In the field of metal cutting, the use of single and multiple point tools is well known and a great deal of metal `
working lubricant is used in the metal cutting process.
In general, two types of lubricants are needed: a metal cutting lubricant and a machine oil. The cutting oil serves to remove heat generated during machining o~ the metal and lubricates the cutting tool against the work and chips. The machine oil lubricates the machine parts. ~ `
Cutting oils are generally paraffinic or intermed-iate base mineral oils. These are preferred because such products generally create less fog or smoke than naphthene oil. In severe conditions, which are more normal than not in heavy duty operations, it may be necessary to use an additive package in the cutting oil. These additi.ves will comprise extreme pressure additives, copper corrosion inhibi-tors, oxidation inhibitors, anti-mist agents, odorants to mask or remove the odors of other additives and other additives for special situations.
It is desirable when considering cutting oils and machine lubricants to think in terms of using one oil ~or both purposes. The use of a single oil rather than two or more has many advantages including reduced lubricant stock inventory and removal of the effects of cross-contamination `

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of cutting oil and machine lubricant. Although dual purpose cutting oil formulations have been used in automatic screw machines for several years, these formulations often cannot be used in heavy duty cutting operations. Conversely, it is known that heavy duty cutting oil cannot normally be used as machine lubricants since in general they are unsatisfactory in copper corrosion characteristics.
It is an object of our invention to provide a dual purpose cutting oil which may be used for both a cutting oil and a machine lubricant. Because of a unique combination of additives, the oil of our invention will successfully operate as a dual purpose cutting oil for use in heavy dut~ cutting operations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a lubricant which is useful as both a cutting oil and a machine lubricant which comprises a major amount of a base oil and minor amounts of Bis (~-chlorophenethyl) disulfide and minor amounts of an alkyl derivative of 2,5 di-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole.

2 0 DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The dual purpose oil of our invention is comprised of a base oil and additive package. The unique combination of additives in our oil was arrived at after many failures of so called equivalent additives in other combinations.
Although each component additive in our oil is used for a purpose for which it is generally known, the unlque feature of our invention is the co~bination of additives which function collectively to give in a single product, all the performance properties hereinafter enumerated without undesirable side effects such as malodor, corrosiveness, ~ ,; i.

3~3 or instability. It was found in developing our invention that it was not enough to put together a list of additives wherein each was known in the art to impart a specific property. In every combination but the one of our invention, the additlves were not compatible with each other and/or the base oil. Thus, other combinations attempted failed even though the additive package consisted of additives known in the art. The unsuccessful formulations showed that when use together, many additives interact with each other unpredictably or tended to ruin the properties oE
the oil in some way.
Base Oil The bulk of our oil consists of a base oil.
In fact, usually 80% more of our oil consists of a base oil which may be paraffinic oil of from about 100 to 170 SUS/100F viscosity and preferably 135 to 145 SUS/100~F
viscosity. It is also acceptable to use a combination of two or more oils as a base oil wherein one oil may range from about 80 to 120, and preferably from about 85 to 105 SUS/100F viscosity and the other oil many range from 150 to 220 and preferably from about 175 to 190 SUS/100F visco-sity. Paraffinic or intermediate base mineral oils are generally preferred as a base oil in our invention since they generate less fog and smoke than a naphthene oil. However, any suitable base oil may be used.
An extreme pressure agent is needed in the dual purpose cutting oil of our invention. The extreme pressure additives useful in our invention are halogenated aryl sulfides. These additives are, particularly, haloaryl polysulfides having one or more halogenated aromatic rings, - which if desired can carry side chains containing halogen and/or other substituents.

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According to a preferred embodiment of our invention, the extreme pressure additives are chlorophenyl polysulfides. A particularly preferred extreme pressure agent comprises primarily Bis (~-chlorophenethyl) disulfide which is the reaction product of styrene and sulfur mono-chloride. This additive is present in amounts ranging from about 0.5 to 10 weight percent and preferably from ~ ~ -about 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the total oil.
A copper corrosion inhibitor is needed for the oil of our invention. The corrosion inhibitor which is useful for our invention is an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto- ;~
1,3,4-thiadiazole. ~his copper corrosion inhibitor should be present in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to 5.0 weight percent and preferably from about 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent in the oil of our invention. A particularly preferred copper corrosion inhibitor is described in U.S. Patents 2,714,125; U.S. 2,714,126 and 2,983,716.
Although the base oil and the two additives mentioned above will provide an acceptable dual purpose cutting oil, it is preferred that other additives be used to provide additional properties which enhance the desirabi-lity of the dual purpose cutting oil. It is particularly preferred that a rust inhibitor be used. It is particularly preferred for our invention that a combination of the extreme pressure agent and a copper corrosion inhibitor above be combined with a rust inhibitor comprising a mixture of alkylmaleic acid, phenol and lauryl acid phosphate.
This three component additive system provides a particularly preferred cutting oil.

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The alkylmaleic acid should be present in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to 1.0 weight percent and preferably from about 0.02 to 0.05 weight percentO The lauryl acid ;
phosphate should be present in amounts ranging Erom about :,~
0.001 to 0.01 weight percent and preferably from about 0.002 to 0.005 weight percent. The phenol should be present in amounts ranging from trace amounts to about 0.01 weight percent. The percentage of these components is only approximate and may be varied outside of the suggested ranges without departing from the scope of our invention.
It is also desirable that cutting oils have an oxidation inhi~itor, an anti-mist additive, and an odorant.
The oxidation inhibitor may be selected from those known in the art. A great many oxidation inhibitors are availa~le commercially on many are hindered phenols although other types may be acceptable. Several of these might work in the cutting oil and the dual purpose cutting oil of our invention. However, it is preferred that tertiary butyl phenol or 4-methyl-2,5-ditertiary butyl phenol may be used . .
in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to 1.0 weight percent and preEerably 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent. ,~
An anti-mist additive is generally desira~e and a ~ ;
few are known in the art. However, it is preferred in the cutting oil of our in~ention that a copolymer of ethylene and propylene be used.
A particular preferred copolymer of ethylene and propylene has a molecular weight ranging from about 70,000 to 100,000 and a propylene content of from about 35 to 50 percent. This copolymer is usually used diluted with a paraffinlc mineral oilO About 0.1 to 10.0 nd preEerably ~' ' .

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about 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent of an anti-mist additive .. . .
is desirable. ~;
The odorant in the oil of our invention may be any of those that are available in the commercial market.
Generally, the choice of an odorant is important in that a specific odorant will normally mask only a few types of odor and thus the selection of an odorant becomes important In the oil of our invention, it was found that oil of citro-::
nella has performed adequately, although other odorants could have been used. ~
EXPERIMENTAL .:: :
Table I following gives three formulations of our invention which have acceptable performance properties as listed. Table II, following, is an illustration of the problems encountered in putting together the formulation of our invention. We found that it was not enough simply to put together an additive package wherein each additive was known in the art to impart a specific property. The additives must be compatible with each other and the base oil, they must compliment each other and function together to give all the properties desired in the intended application. Table II, following, shows a comparison of an oil of our invention (A) and three unsuccessful oils, B, C and D. The oils A, B, C and D all contain an additive package of ingredients known in the art to impart qualities which added ~ogether should result in a satisfactory dual purpose cutting oil. Yet only A was satisfactory in all .... ..
respects.

As indicated in Table II, oil B which contains sulfur an~ chlorine extreme pressure agents with zinc 3~
dialkyl dithiophosphate copper corrosion inhibitor hadthe desired performance characteristics but developed an unacceptable haziness in storage.
Oil C contained a non-corrosive extreme pressure additive and did not require a copper corrosion inhibitor.
However, the odor of Oil B was considered objectionable to customers and could not be marketed. All attempts to mask the offensive odor failed.
Oil D was an attempt to develop a suitable product without malodorous or corrosive sulfurized extreme pressure additives. A high extreme pressure level was achieved by using a relatively high concentration of a chlorinated extreme pressure additive. Oil C appeared satisfactory in laboratory tests but gave unsatisfactory maching per~orm-ance in shop test. Oil A proved satisfactory in every respect.

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TABLE I
TEST DATA ON EXPERIMENTAL DUAL PURPOSE
CUTTING OIL FORMULATIONS

Identification Experimental Dual Purpose Cutting Oil TL-9297Alternate Alternate .:-.
Batch No., PARL-RL-738214 8619 8904 ~
., . . ~ . ~ ' ' Composition Base Oil, Vol. % ..
Code 481 10P Pale Oil 50.15 50.15 50.15 . :
i Code 409 100E Pale Oil 49.85 49.85 49.85 ~'l Totals100.00100.00~ 100.00 Finished Oil, Wt. %
Base Oil ~ 95.017 95.017 94.917 Car-A-Van 20/20* 2.500 2.500 2.500 Amoco 150~(PMS-05440) 0.100 0.100 0.100 TLA-510 2.000 Code 7566 TLA-510 A 2.000 2.000 . :
Code 2001 Anti-Rust Concentrate 0.033 0.033 0.033 `~
MDBP (PMS-051~9)0.300 0.300 Tertiary Butylphenol (PMS-05392) 0-400 Oil of Citronella (PMS-052g7) 0.050 0.050 0.050 Totals100.000100.000 100.000 ' -Tests Gravity, API 27.8 27.3 27.5 Flash, COC, F 375 375 380 ..
Viscosity, SUS at 100F 158 159 156 Viscosity, SUS at 210F -- 43.9 43.8 Viscosity Index -- 102 104 Color, D-1500 Ll.0 Ll.5 Ll.5 Pour, F ~10 +10 ~10 Sulfur, w~.%, ST-970.68 0.60 0.61 Copper Strip Coxrosion, . :
D-130 Modif, 6 Hrs at 160F la la lb Chlorine, wt.% ST-117 0.50 0.54 0.54 Distilled Water Rust Test, D-655Clean-Pass Clean-Pass Clean-Pass :
Turbine Oil Oxidation, D-943, Original neut.noØ10 -~
Hours ~o 2.0 neut. no. 714

4-Ball Wear, 1 hr.
6no rpm, 75C, scar, mm 1.kg 0.17 0.24 0.24 10 kg 0.29 0.41 0.45 40 kg 0.66 0.70 0.64 t radY rh~ r ~s - 8-Tests (cont'd) ` :~
Load Wear Index, Kg, D-2596 81.3 91.8 87.
Weld 501+ 631 631 SAE, lbs, ST-205, 1000 rpm 4522 4270 435 Mist Test (Modified Woodward Air Release) Original Oil Very Good* Very Good Very Good After shearing 10 cycles FISST MS-103 Good** Good Good *Sulfur/chlorine EP additive marketed by Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals, Inc.
*Very Good = none to barely perceptible mist or fog.
**Good = very slight mist or fog. .

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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A lubricant comprising:
(a) a major amount of a base oil, (b) a minor amount of Bis (.beta.-chlorophenethyl) disulfide comprising from about 0.5 to 10 weight percent of the total oil, and (c) a minor amount of an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto-1,3,4thiadiazole comprising from about 0.05 to 5.0 percent of the total oil.

2. A lubricant as in Claim 1 wherein the Bis (.beta.-chlorophenethyl) disulfide is present in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the oil and the 2, 5-di-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent.

3. A lubricant as in Claim 1 wherein the base oil is a paraffinic oil having from about 135 to 145 SUS/100°F viscosity.

4. A lubricant comprising:
(a) a major amount of a base oil, (b) a minor amount of Bis (.beta.-chlorophenethyl) disulfide comprising from about 0.5 to 10 weight percent of the total oil, (c) a minor amount of an alkyl derivative of 2,5 di-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole comprising from about 0.05 to 5.0 of the total oil and (d) a minor amount of a mixture of alkylmaleic acid, phenol and lauryl acid phosphate.

5. A lubricant comprising:
(a) a major amount of a base oil, (b) a minor amount of Bis (.beta.-chlorophenethyl) disulfide comprising from about 0.5 to 10 weight percent of the total oil, (c) a minor amount of an alkyl derivative of 2,5-di-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole comprising from about 0.05 to 5.0 of the total oil and (d) a minor amount of a mixture of alkylmaleic acid phenol and lauric acid phosphate, (e) a minor amount of a copolymer of ethylene and propylene and (f) oil of citronella.