CA1058675A - Gas ionizing electrodes for mhd generator - Google Patents
Gas ionizing electrodes for mhd generatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1058675A CA1058675A CA248,517A CA248517A CA1058675A CA 1058675 A CA1058675 A CA 1058675A CA 248517 A CA248517 A CA 248517A CA 1058675 A CA1058675 A CA 1058675A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- gas
- arc
- electrodes
- elongated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/10—Constructional details of electrodes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to a MHD system having an electrode assembly for connecting the system to a load, and duct means for passing a main plasma stream adjacent to the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a first elongated electrode having first and second ends located adjacent the plasma stream. A second elongated electrode has a first end adjacent the first end of the first electrode and a second end adjacent the second end of the first electrode, the second electrode being spaced from the first electrode. The system also includes a passage for passing a gas through the space between the first and second electrodes, and an exit for permitting the gas to exit between the first and second electrodes and into the duct. An AC coil for striking an arc between the first and second electrodes ionizes the gas and electrically connects the electrode assembly to the plasma stream. The arc is caused to move from place to place along the second elongated electrode between the first and second ends thereof.
The invention relates to a MHD system having an electrode assembly for connecting the system to a load, and duct means for passing a main plasma stream adjacent to the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a first elongated electrode having first and second ends located adjacent the plasma stream. A second elongated electrode has a first end adjacent the first end of the first electrode and a second end adjacent the second end of the first electrode, the second electrode being spaced from the first electrode. The system also includes a passage for passing a gas through the space between the first and second electrodes, and an exit for permitting the gas to exit between the first and second electrodes and into the duct. An AC coil for striking an arc between the first and second electrodes ionizes the gas and electrically connects the electrode assembly to the plasma stream. The arc is caused to move from place to place along the second elongated electrode between the first and second ends thereof.
Description
~o58675 This invention relates to magnetohydrodynamic generators and, more specifically, to an improved gaseous electrode for such generators.
MHD generators produce electrical power by motion of a high temperature electrically-conductive gas through a magnetic field. This movement induces an electromotive force between opposed electrodes within the generator. m e rapid motion of the high temperature gases, however, seriously erodes the generator's electrodes as do internal electric arcs which connect the MHD generator's main plasma stream to a load. Further, some MHD generators operate with coal slag condensed on the interior surface creating a large voltage drop and thu~ a power loss as the MHD current is conducted through the coal slag. In this respect, although gaseous electrodes have been suggested in the past, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved gaseous electrode using an electrically conducting gas which does not wear out even though subjected to high generator current densities.
In accordance ~ith principles of the invention an electrode's arc i5 caused to move from place to place within a cavity along one or more openings in the electrode. This causes the ionized gas to fill the entire cavity and be forced into the generator's main channel to function as a gaseo~$ electrode.
In accordance with one embodiment, a MHD system having an electrode assembly for connecting said system to a load and duct means for passing a main plasma stream adjacent to said electrode assembly, said electrode assembly comprises:
a first elongated electrode having first and second ends thereof and located adjacent said plasma stream, a second elongated electrode having a first end adjacent said first end of said first electrode and a second end adjacent said second end of said first electrode, and said second electrode being spaced from said first electrode, means for passing a gas through the space between the first and said second electrodes, exit means for permitting said gas to exit from between said first and second electrodes and into said duct means for striking an arc.between said first and said second electrodes for ionizing said gas and electrically connecting said electrode assembly to said plasma stream, and arc moving means for causing said arc to move from place to place along said second elongated electrode between said first and second ends thereof.
From a different aspect, and in accordance with an embodiment, a method for operating a gaseous electrode for an MHD system of the type in which an arc is struck between first and second elongated electrode elements to ionize a gas passing therebetween, said method comprising the steps of:
causing said arc to move from place to place in an axial direction along the surface of at least one of said elec-trodes.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like ~. ,, reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a Faraday-type MHD generator having segmented electrodes.
FIG. 2 is a gchematic pictorial illustration of an electode embodying the invention.
FIG. 2a is a schematic pictorial illustration of an alternate embodiment of a portion of the structure illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view of FIG.
MHD generators produce electrical power by motion of a high temperature electrically-conductive gas through a magnetic field. This movement induces an electromotive force between opposed electrodes within the generator. m e rapid motion of the high temperature gases, however, seriously erodes the generator's electrodes as do internal electric arcs which connect the MHD generator's main plasma stream to a load. Further, some MHD generators operate with coal slag condensed on the interior surface creating a large voltage drop and thu~ a power loss as the MHD current is conducted through the coal slag. In this respect, although gaseous electrodes have been suggested in the past, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved gaseous electrode using an electrically conducting gas which does not wear out even though subjected to high generator current densities.
In accordance ~ith principles of the invention an electrode's arc i5 caused to move from place to place within a cavity along one or more openings in the electrode. This causes the ionized gas to fill the entire cavity and be forced into the generator's main channel to function as a gaseo~$ electrode.
In accordance with one embodiment, a MHD system having an electrode assembly for connecting said system to a load and duct means for passing a main plasma stream adjacent to said electrode assembly, said electrode assembly comprises:
a first elongated electrode having first and second ends thereof and located adjacent said plasma stream, a second elongated electrode having a first end adjacent said first end of said first electrode and a second end adjacent said second end of said first electrode, and said second electrode being spaced from said first electrode, means for passing a gas through the space between the first and said second electrodes, exit means for permitting said gas to exit from between said first and second electrodes and into said duct means for striking an arc.between said first and said second electrodes for ionizing said gas and electrically connecting said electrode assembly to said plasma stream, and arc moving means for causing said arc to move from place to place along said second elongated electrode between said first and second ends thereof.
From a different aspect, and in accordance with an embodiment, a method for operating a gaseous electrode for an MHD system of the type in which an arc is struck between first and second elongated electrode elements to ionize a gas passing therebetween, said method comprising the steps of:
causing said arc to move from place to place in an axial direction along the surface of at least one of said elec-trodes.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like ~. ,, reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a Faraday-type MHD generator having segmented electrodes.
FIG. 2 is a gchematic pictorial illustration of an electode embodying the invention.
FIG. 2a is a schematic pictorial illustration of an alternate embodiment of a portion of the structure illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view of FIG.
2 taken along the lines 3-3 thereof.
FIG. 4 is a cross section of an alternate embodiment of the electrode illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic pictorial view of an electrode similar to that of FIG. 2, but including an AC coil wound about the electrode's body in the plane of the generator's magnetic flux.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of FIG.
5 taken along the lines 6-6 thereof.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross sectional illustration of a still further embodiment of an electrode embodying the invention.
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the FIG. 7 structure taken along the lines 8-& thereof.
A conventional MHD generator is comprised of a duct 10 (FIG. 1) which receives a main stream of high temperature, electrically-conductive plasma at an inlet end as indicated by arrow 12.
By properly choosing the shape and discharge pressure of the duct 10, the plasma can be made to move through the duct at a substantially constant velocity past one or more electrodes such as schematically illustrated segmented electodes 14 and 16 which are placed in circuit 18 with a load 20.
A suitable magnetic flux, represented by an arrow B, iS placed across the duct in a direction perpendicular to both the plasma flow 12 and the EMF to be generated between the electodes 14 and 16.
The electrodes of FIG. 2 is comprised ~f a cylindrical electrode element 22 uniformly spaced within a cylindrical cavity 24 of a surrounding elongated electrode element 26.
The upper surface of the element 26 includes a centrally disposed channel 28 to permit efflux of the electrode's plasma as will now be described.
A gas injector manifold 30 (FIG. 3) extends within member 26 and functions to provide a suitable gas -- conven-tionally an inert ga~ such as argon -- through a passageway 32 into the cavity 24 where it pa~sses around the central electrode element 22: out of the cha~nel 28, and into the gonora~or~ itself. In this respect, the central electrode element 22 is positively biased with respect to electrode element 26 by a battery 34. In this manner, an arc 36 is struck between the two electrode elements 22 and 26.
m e generator's main magnetic field B interact~
with the arc 36 to drive the arc in a circular path around the cavity 24 as indicated by arrow 38 in FIG. 3. The arc functions to ionize the gas passing through the cavity 24 between the electrode elements 22 and 26 prior to passage of the resulting plasma out of the channel 28 and into the generator's main duct thereby forming a gaseous electrode.
A significant aspect of the above structure is its "cathode spot" phenomenon. That is, the natural "running"
tendency of the arc 38 causes it to continuously move from place to place within the cavity between the two electrodes 22 and 26 -- particularly where the central electrode element 22 is made of copper. In this respect, the arc sometimes oscillates or "runs" back and forth within the cavity 24 from one end to ., the other. Other times, the arc simply jumps about; and, at still other times, multiple arcs are struck at various locations along the cylindrical electrodes. But in each case the cathode ~pot itself acts as a means for causing the arc to move from place to place along the electrodes. Also, as noted, the interaction between the arc and the main field "B" causes the arc to rotate about the central electrode 22.
In the illustrated embodiment, the outer electrode element 26 is provided with passages 40 for a coolant, to reduce the structure's temperature. This is conventional, however, and will not be further described.
Although best results have been obtained when the central electrode is positively biased as noted above, the device can also be operated when the arc is struck by means of an AC
source such as 42. Similarly, the channel 28 can be replaced by a series of ports 44 as illustrated in FIG. 2a, and, the gas introduced through channel 30 can be seeded with materials having a low ionization potential in order to improve the performance of the resulting plasma. That is, the gas can be supplemented with vapors of seed material s~ch as sodium, potasium, cesium, or compounds thereof. Additionally, the electrode's performance can be further improved by operating it with a combustible mixture of gases so that the gaseous electrode is made from a combustion system augmented by the electric arc 36. When this modification is employed, the resulting plasma is hotter and more conductive so as to make an effective gaseous electrode.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the FIG. 2 and 3 structure. That is, a gas injector manifold 48 is located near the bottom of the cavity 24 so that the gas enters the cavity tangentially from passageway 50. Also, the inner electrode element 22 is located eccentrically within the cavity so that the ratio of the distances a/b is no more than about 20/1, less then about 1.5/1, and preferrably about 6/1.
It has also been found that the electrode works well when the width of slot 52 (corresponding to slot 28 in FIG. 2) is between about twice to ten times the width of dimension "b". This, however, is a function of many variables and can be considerably modified without undesira~le effects.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the motion of the arc within the cavity 24 can be further controlled by use of a coil 56 energized by an AC source 58. That is, the AC power creates an alternating magnetic field which drives the arc 36 at the AC frequency in an oscillating motion along the direction of the MHD magnetic field ~. In this respect, the inner electrode ele-ment 22 in FIG. 6 is illustrated as having a cooling passage 58 which, although not illustrated, can also be included in the -other embodiments of the invention.
In yet another embodiment (FIG. 7) two opposed elect-rode elements 60 and 62 are located within a cavity 64 (correspond-ing to 24 above) and energized by an AC source 66 so that an arc 68 is struck between electrodes 60 and 62. A DC coil 70 is wound about the electrode element 60 and 62 and housed within an insulating memker 72. The DC field caused by energization of the coil 70 by battery 74 interacts with the background magnetic field "B" of the MHD system to cause the arc 68 to oscillate back and forth along the rail-type electrodes 60 and 62. Hence, when gas is introduced into the cavity 64 from a manifold 76 issu-ing through a plurality of entry holes,78, the gas is ionized by the arc, the'~unning" of which causes the chamber 64 to be com-pletely filled with plasma which then exhausts through the channel 28 into the MHD generator's interior.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various alterations in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, various types of coolants can be employed, materials and gases can be other than those described, and, in many cases, the illustrated polarities can be reversed without affecting the gist of the invention. Also, it will be appreciated that the above described structure has many attendant advantages. For example, the high temperature of the gaseous electrode prevents coal slag from condensing on the electrode opening and maintains a highly conductive electrical path for the load current.
FIG. 4 is a cross section of an alternate embodiment of the electrode illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic pictorial view of an electrode similar to that of FIG. 2, but including an AC coil wound about the electrode's body in the plane of the generator's magnetic flux.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of FIG.
5 taken along the lines 6-6 thereof.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross sectional illustration of a still further embodiment of an electrode embodying the invention.
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the FIG. 7 structure taken along the lines 8-& thereof.
A conventional MHD generator is comprised of a duct 10 (FIG. 1) which receives a main stream of high temperature, electrically-conductive plasma at an inlet end as indicated by arrow 12.
By properly choosing the shape and discharge pressure of the duct 10, the plasma can be made to move through the duct at a substantially constant velocity past one or more electrodes such as schematically illustrated segmented electodes 14 and 16 which are placed in circuit 18 with a load 20.
A suitable magnetic flux, represented by an arrow B, iS placed across the duct in a direction perpendicular to both the plasma flow 12 and the EMF to be generated between the electodes 14 and 16.
The electrodes of FIG. 2 is comprised ~f a cylindrical electrode element 22 uniformly spaced within a cylindrical cavity 24 of a surrounding elongated electrode element 26.
The upper surface of the element 26 includes a centrally disposed channel 28 to permit efflux of the electrode's plasma as will now be described.
A gas injector manifold 30 (FIG. 3) extends within member 26 and functions to provide a suitable gas -- conven-tionally an inert ga~ such as argon -- through a passageway 32 into the cavity 24 where it pa~sses around the central electrode element 22: out of the cha~nel 28, and into the gonora~or~ itself. In this respect, the central electrode element 22 is positively biased with respect to electrode element 26 by a battery 34. In this manner, an arc 36 is struck between the two electrode elements 22 and 26.
m e generator's main magnetic field B interact~
with the arc 36 to drive the arc in a circular path around the cavity 24 as indicated by arrow 38 in FIG. 3. The arc functions to ionize the gas passing through the cavity 24 between the electrode elements 22 and 26 prior to passage of the resulting plasma out of the channel 28 and into the generator's main duct thereby forming a gaseous electrode.
A significant aspect of the above structure is its "cathode spot" phenomenon. That is, the natural "running"
tendency of the arc 38 causes it to continuously move from place to place within the cavity between the two electrodes 22 and 26 -- particularly where the central electrode element 22 is made of copper. In this respect, the arc sometimes oscillates or "runs" back and forth within the cavity 24 from one end to ., the other. Other times, the arc simply jumps about; and, at still other times, multiple arcs are struck at various locations along the cylindrical electrodes. But in each case the cathode ~pot itself acts as a means for causing the arc to move from place to place along the electrodes. Also, as noted, the interaction between the arc and the main field "B" causes the arc to rotate about the central electrode 22.
In the illustrated embodiment, the outer electrode element 26 is provided with passages 40 for a coolant, to reduce the structure's temperature. This is conventional, however, and will not be further described.
Although best results have been obtained when the central electrode is positively biased as noted above, the device can also be operated when the arc is struck by means of an AC
source such as 42. Similarly, the channel 28 can be replaced by a series of ports 44 as illustrated in FIG. 2a, and, the gas introduced through channel 30 can be seeded with materials having a low ionization potential in order to improve the performance of the resulting plasma. That is, the gas can be supplemented with vapors of seed material s~ch as sodium, potasium, cesium, or compounds thereof. Additionally, the electrode's performance can be further improved by operating it with a combustible mixture of gases so that the gaseous electrode is made from a combustion system augmented by the electric arc 36. When this modification is employed, the resulting plasma is hotter and more conductive so as to make an effective gaseous electrode.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the FIG. 2 and 3 structure. That is, a gas injector manifold 48 is located near the bottom of the cavity 24 so that the gas enters the cavity tangentially from passageway 50. Also, the inner electrode element 22 is located eccentrically within the cavity so that the ratio of the distances a/b is no more than about 20/1, less then about 1.5/1, and preferrably about 6/1.
It has also been found that the electrode works well when the width of slot 52 (corresponding to slot 28 in FIG. 2) is between about twice to ten times the width of dimension "b". This, however, is a function of many variables and can be considerably modified without undesira~le effects.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the motion of the arc within the cavity 24 can be further controlled by use of a coil 56 energized by an AC source 58. That is, the AC power creates an alternating magnetic field which drives the arc 36 at the AC frequency in an oscillating motion along the direction of the MHD magnetic field ~. In this respect, the inner electrode ele-ment 22 in FIG. 6 is illustrated as having a cooling passage 58 which, although not illustrated, can also be included in the -other embodiments of the invention.
In yet another embodiment (FIG. 7) two opposed elect-rode elements 60 and 62 are located within a cavity 64 (correspond-ing to 24 above) and energized by an AC source 66 so that an arc 68 is struck between electrodes 60 and 62. A DC coil 70 is wound about the electrode element 60 and 62 and housed within an insulating memker 72. The DC field caused by energization of the coil 70 by battery 74 interacts with the background magnetic field "B" of the MHD system to cause the arc 68 to oscillate back and forth along the rail-type electrodes 60 and 62. Hence, when gas is introduced into the cavity 64 from a manifold 76 issu-ing through a plurality of entry holes,78, the gas is ionized by the arc, the'~unning" of which causes the chamber 64 to be com-pletely filled with plasma which then exhausts through the channel 28 into the MHD generator's interior.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various alterations in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, various types of coolants can be employed, materials and gases can be other than those described, and, in many cases, the illustrated polarities can be reversed without affecting the gist of the invention. Also, it will be appreciated that the above described structure has many attendant advantages. For example, the high temperature of the gaseous electrode prevents coal slag from condensing on the electrode opening and maintains a highly conductive electrical path for the load current.
Claims (23)
1. An MHD system having an electrode assembly for connecting said system to a load and duct means for passing a main plasma stream adjacent to said electrode assembly, said electrode assembly comprising:
a first elongated electrode having first and second ends thereof and located adjacent said plasma stream:
a second elongated electrode having a first end adjacent said first end of said first electrode and a second end adjacent said second end of said first electrode, and said second electrode being spaced from said first electrode:
means for passing a gas through the space between the first and said second electrodes:
exit means for permitting said gas to exit from between said first and second electrodes and into said duct:
means for striking an arc between said first and said second electrodes for ionizing said gas and electrically connecting said electrode assembly to said plasma stream: and arc moving means for causing said arc to move from place to place along said second elongated electrode between said first and second ends thereof.
a first elongated electrode having first and second ends thereof and located adjacent said plasma stream:
a second elongated electrode having a first end adjacent said first end of said first electrode and a second end adjacent said second end of said first electrode, and said second electrode being spaced from said first electrode:
means for passing a gas through the space between the first and said second electrodes:
exit means for permitting said gas to exit from between said first and second electrodes and into said duct:
means for striking an arc between said first and said second electrodes for ionizing said gas and electrically connecting said electrode assembly to said plasma stream: and arc moving means for causing said arc to move from place to place along said second elongated electrode between said first and second ends thereof.
2. The system of claim 1 including means for causing said arc to rotate about said second electrode.
3. The system of claim 2 including an AC coil to cause said arc to oscillate back and forth along said elongated electrode at a predetermined frequency.
4. The system of claim 1 including means to cause said arc to oscillate along said elongated electrode at a predetermined frequency.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said second elongated electrode is centrally disposed within said first elongated electrode.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein said second elongated electrode is eccentrically located within said first elongated electrode so that a first radial distance between the axes of said first and second electrodes is larger than a second radial distance between the axes of said first and second electrodes.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the ratio between said first and second distances is between about 1.5 and 20.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said ratio is about 6.
9. The system of claims 5 or 6 wherein said gas is injected into the space between said first and second elec-trodes substantially tangentially to the walls thereof and in a plane substantially parallel to the axis of said second electrode for movement in a circumferential direction there-around.
10. The system of claims 5 or 6 wherein said exit means is located to permit said gas to exit from the space between said first and second electrodes substantially tan-gentially to the wall of said second electrode and in a plane substantially parallel to the axis thereof.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein said exit means is comprised of an elongated slot in communication with the space between said first and second electrodes.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein said exit means is comprised of a plurality of holes in communication with the space between said first and second electrodes.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein said second electrode is positively biased with respect to said first electrode.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for striking said arc is comprised of an AC coil.
15. The system of claim 1 including coolant-passage means within said first electrode.
16. The system of claim 1 including coolant passage means within said second electrode.
17. The system of claim 1 including an inlet gas manifold and a plurality of holes for directing said inlet gas from said manifold to said space between said first and second electrodes.
18. The system of claim 1 including means for adding vapors of a seed material to said gas.
19. A method of operating a gaseous electrode for an MHD system of the type in which an arc is struck between first and second elongated electrode elements to ionize a gas passing therebetween, said method comprising the steps of:
causing said arc to move from place to place in an axial direction along the surface of at least one of said electrodes.
causing said arc to move from place to place in an axial direction along the surface of at least one of said electrodes.
20. The method of claim 19 including the step of using an AC means to cause said arc to oscillate along said surface at a controlled speed.
21. The method of claim 19 including the step of using a combustible gas as at least part of the gas that is passed between said first and second electrode elements.
22. The method of claim 19 including the step of adding vapors of a seed material to said gas.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said seed material is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potasium, cesin, or compounds thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58452675A | 1975-06-06 | 1975-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1058675A true CA1058675A (en) | 1979-07-17 |
Family
ID=24337677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA248,517A Expired CA1058675A (en) | 1975-06-06 | 1976-03-22 | Gas ionizing electrodes for mhd generator |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS51150291A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE842548A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1058675A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH613819A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2625073A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK249476A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES448552A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2313800A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1535975A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7606187A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7606388L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA762914B (en) |
-
1976
- 1976-03-22 CA CA248,517A patent/CA1058675A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-17 GB GB20298/76A patent/GB1535975A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-17 ZA ZA762914A patent/ZA762914B/en unknown
- 1976-06-02 JP JP51065118A patent/JPS51150291A/en active Pending
- 1976-06-03 BE BE167599A patent/BE842548A/en unknown
- 1976-06-04 DE DE19762625073 patent/DE2625073A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-06-04 FR FR7617055A patent/FR2313800A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-06-04 SE SE7606388A patent/SE7606388L/en unknown
- 1976-06-04 ES ES448552A patent/ES448552A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-04 DK DK249476A patent/DK249476A/en unknown
- 1976-06-04 CH CH712176A patent/CH613819A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-08 NL NL7606187A patent/NL7606187A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7606388L (en) | 1976-12-07 |
| FR2313800A1 (en) | 1976-12-31 |
| ZA762914B (en) | 1977-04-27 |
| DK249476A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
| JPS51150291A (en) | 1976-12-23 |
| CH613819A5 (en) | 1979-10-15 |
| ES448552A1 (en) | 1977-07-16 |
| GB1535975A (en) | 1978-12-13 |
| DE2625073A1 (en) | 1976-12-23 |
| BE842548A (en) | 1976-12-03 |
| NL7606187A (en) | 1976-12-08 |
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