CA1057535A - Copper base materials having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance - Google Patents
Copper base materials having an improved erosion-corrosion resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1057535A CA1057535A CA258,780A CA258780A CA1057535A CA 1057535 A CA1057535 A CA 1057535A CA 258780 A CA258780 A CA 258780A CA 1057535 A CA1057535 A CA 1057535A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- copper
- copper base
- corrosion resistance
- base material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A copper base material suitable for making heat exchange tubes having a high erosion-corrosion resistance as well as a good heat conductivity essentially contains from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of chromium, from 0.2 to 3.0%
by weight of zinc, and from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of iron and/or from 0.5 to 0.4% by weight of titanium, and optionally contains from 0.008 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus or from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of tin, the balance being copper together with incidental impurities.
A copper base material suitable for making heat exchange tubes having a high erosion-corrosion resistance as well as a good heat conductivity essentially contains from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of chromium, from 0.2 to 3.0%
by weight of zinc, and from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of iron and/or from 0.5 to 0.4% by weight of titanium, and optionally contains from 0.008 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus or from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of tin, the balance being copper together with incidental impurities.
Description
lOS7S3~
GENERAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a copper material having animproved erosion-corrosion resistance and having at the same time sufficient heat conduction properties. As it is well-known, erosion-corrosion occurs whenever in addition to the merely mecha-nical action of erosion, a corrosion effect takes place due to electro-chemical or chemical environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Tubes for water-cooled heat exchangers are commonly made of oxygen-free copper material (SF-Cu). The composition of such material is determined by German standards DIN 1787 and 17666 as follows :
Copper Phosphorus _ SF-Cu 99.90 % 0.015 - 0.040 %
15 the balance being incidental impurities.
This material is normally used in fresh water. The flow rate of the water must, however, be limited because of the low erosion-corrosion resistance of the material. DIN 1785 specifies a maximum admissible flow rate of 1~5 m/sec for cooling water. Since heat transfer at the inner surface of the tube can be increased by raising the rate of the water flow, thus improving the perfor-mance of the heat exchanger, there is a need of a material having a better erosion-corrosion resistance. An increased erosion-corrosion resistance helps to prevent damages caused by turbulence or unsteadiness of the flow at elbows, inlets, etc...
Although materials having an increased corrosion-erosion resistance are already ~cnown, they have a remarkably lower heat conductivity than oxygen-free copper.
GENERAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a copper material having animproved erosion-corrosion resistance and having at the same time sufficient heat conduction properties. As it is well-known, erosion-corrosion occurs whenever in addition to the merely mecha-nical action of erosion, a corrosion effect takes place due to electro-chemical or chemical environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Tubes for water-cooled heat exchangers are commonly made of oxygen-free copper material (SF-Cu). The composition of such material is determined by German standards DIN 1787 and 17666 as follows :
Copper Phosphorus _ SF-Cu 99.90 % 0.015 - 0.040 %
15 the balance being incidental impurities.
This material is normally used in fresh water. The flow rate of the water must, however, be limited because of the low erosion-corrosion resistance of the material. DIN 1785 specifies a maximum admissible flow rate of 1~5 m/sec for cooling water. Since heat transfer at the inner surface of the tube can be increased by raising the rate of the water flow, thus improving the perfor-mance of the heat exchanger, there is a need of a material having a better erosion-corrosion resistance. An increased erosion-corrosion resistance helps to prevent damages caused by turbulence or unsteadiness of the flow at elbows, inlets, etc...
Although materials having an increased corrosion-erosion resistance are already ~cnown, they have a remarkably lower heat conductivity than oxygen-free copper.
- 2 -Attempts have been made to improve the erosion-corrosion-resistance of copper materials by adding thereto 0.5 to 4 % iron and a small percentage of other elements. Such an attempt is disclosed, for example in German DT-AS 1.758.124. The production of this alloy, however, requires a complex production method.
It is already known, for example from German DT-OS
2.055.591, that in copper-nickel alloys having a nickel content of more than 14.5 % the erosion-corrosion resistance can be increased by addition of chromium and iron. The drawings accompanying the specification of that reference include a diagram showing the required minimum content of iron versus various nickel contents.
It may be concluded therefrom that with a decreasing nickel content higher iron contents are,required. With 30 % of nickel, for example, 0.14 % iron are sufficient while with 14.5 % of nickel, 0.35 % of ]5 iron are required and so on. These data should lead to the conclu-sion that with low nickel contents high iron contents would be necessary in order to obtain satisfactory erosion-corrosion resistance.
British Patent N 512,142 discloses copper base alloy~
containing from 0.1 to 5 % of zirconium and having high heat conduc-tivity and strength but these alloys have a good corrosion resis-tance only if either nickel or magnesium is added thereto, and they are not reported therein as having a good erosion resistance.
Furthermore, they should contain as much as 5-30 % nickel for having 25 a good corrosion resistance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. _ . .
It is an object of the invention to provide a copper base material having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance, and being at the same time highly malleable and having sufficient 30 heat conduction properties.
DETAIL-ED-DEscRIp?IoN OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to the inv~ntion, there is provided a copper base material containing from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight o~
chromium, from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of zinc, from 0.1 to 0.5 by weight of ir~n and/or from 0.05 to 0.4% b~ weight of titanium, and from 0 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus and/or from 0 to 2~ by weight of tin, the balance being copper together with incidental impurities.
The improvement provided by the invention turns out to be surprising, the more so as according to the teachings of the ~:
above-mentioned German DT OS 2.055.591 such a low iron content would imply a somewhat insufficient corrosion-erosion resistance.
]0 For special uses, it is advantageous to add to the mate-rial,either in addition to or preferably instead of the aforemen-tioned iron content, from 0.05 to 0.4 % titanium.
According to a;particular embodiment of the invention, the copper material essentially contains from O.l to 0.3 % chromium, from 0.3 to 1.5 % zinc, and from 0.3 to 0.45 % iron. For special uses it may contain,either in addition to or preferably instead of the iron content, from O.l to 0.3 % titanium.
Furthermore, it is advantageous to add to the above copper material from 0.008 to O.l % phosphorus. In particular embodiments of the invention, it will be suitable to substitute an addition of from 0.5 to 2 % tin for the above phosphorus content.
For special uses, the above-mentioned additions of phosphorus and tin will be combined.
The invention will now be explained in further detail by way of the following examples :
The following comparative alloys (oxygen-free copper, alloy l), and alloys according to the invention (alloys 2-5) have been produced (quantities in % by weight) :
Alloy Cr Zn Fe Ti P Cu Oxygen-copper _ _ _ _ 0.025 balance 1 _ 0.08 ~.3 _ 0.03 2 0.15 0.2 0.36 _ 0.03 .
It is already known, for example from German DT-OS
2.055.591, that in copper-nickel alloys having a nickel content of more than 14.5 % the erosion-corrosion resistance can be increased by addition of chromium and iron. The drawings accompanying the specification of that reference include a diagram showing the required minimum content of iron versus various nickel contents.
It may be concluded therefrom that with a decreasing nickel content higher iron contents are,required. With 30 % of nickel, for example, 0.14 % iron are sufficient while with 14.5 % of nickel, 0.35 % of ]5 iron are required and so on. These data should lead to the conclu-sion that with low nickel contents high iron contents would be necessary in order to obtain satisfactory erosion-corrosion resistance.
British Patent N 512,142 discloses copper base alloy~
containing from 0.1 to 5 % of zirconium and having high heat conduc-tivity and strength but these alloys have a good corrosion resis-tance only if either nickel or magnesium is added thereto, and they are not reported therein as having a good erosion resistance.
Furthermore, they should contain as much as 5-30 % nickel for having 25 a good corrosion resistance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. _ . .
It is an object of the invention to provide a copper base material having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance, and being at the same time highly malleable and having sufficient 30 heat conduction properties.
DETAIL-ED-DEscRIp?IoN OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to the inv~ntion, there is provided a copper base material containing from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight o~
chromium, from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of zinc, from 0.1 to 0.5 by weight of ir~n and/or from 0.05 to 0.4% b~ weight of titanium, and from 0 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus and/or from 0 to 2~ by weight of tin, the balance being copper together with incidental impurities.
The improvement provided by the invention turns out to be surprising, the more so as according to the teachings of the ~:
above-mentioned German DT OS 2.055.591 such a low iron content would imply a somewhat insufficient corrosion-erosion resistance.
]0 For special uses, it is advantageous to add to the mate-rial,either in addition to or preferably instead of the aforemen-tioned iron content, from 0.05 to 0.4 % titanium.
According to a;particular embodiment of the invention, the copper material essentially contains from O.l to 0.3 % chromium, from 0.3 to 1.5 % zinc, and from 0.3 to 0.45 % iron. For special uses it may contain,either in addition to or preferably instead of the iron content, from O.l to 0.3 % titanium.
Furthermore, it is advantageous to add to the above copper material from 0.008 to O.l % phosphorus. In particular embodiments of the invention, it will be suitable to substitute an addition of from 0.5 to 2 % tin for the above phosphorus content.
For special uses, the above-mentioned additions of phosphorus and tin will be combined.
The invention will now be explained in further detail by way of the following examples :
The following comparative alloys (oxygen-free copper, alloy l), and alloys according to the invention (alloys 2-5) have been produced (quantities in % by weight) :
Alloy Cr Zn Fe Ti P Cu Oxygen-copper _ _ _ _ 0.025 balance 1 _ 0.08 ~.3 _ 0.03 2 0.15 0.2 0.36 _ 0.03 .
3 0.3 0.3 _ 0.20 _ ll
4 0.20 0.96 _ 0.22 _ "
0.16 0.9l 0.45 _ _ ll The alloys have been produced by induction melting of electrolytic copper under charcoal in a clay-graphite crucible;
first, the copper was melted, then the alloying metals were added, and phosphorus was brought in as a 15 % copper-phosphorus interme-diate alloy.
Then, test strips having a thickness of 0.4 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a width of 8.5 mm were made by casting into iron molds of 25 x 50 x 100 mm size, subsequent hot forming at 750C., and cold rolling to about 50 % reduction with annealing at 500 C.
In industrial mass production, the alloys will be conti-nuously cast, hot formed between 600 and 850 C., then cold rolled to about 20 to 80 % reduction, and annealed at temperatures between 400 and 700 C.
The rolled test strips made from the alloys as specified in the above table were then hung down in glass tubes and left there for one month under the influence of spring water flowing at various rates from 1.5 m/sec. to 7.5 m/sec. Thereafter, the weight losses of the test strips were measured.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The results appear in the accompanying drawing.
The test strips of oxygen-free copper, and alloy 1 exhibit the highest weight losses at the respective desired high flow rates. It is only with combinations according to the inven-tion that substantial improvements within the whole range of flow rates (see alloys 2-5) can be obtained, as compared with oxygen-free copper, these combinations comprising relatively small quantities of chromium and zinc with iron, titanium and/or phosphorus.
The alloys according to the invention, even after substantial cold forming, still have excellent elongation proper-ties which indicate good forming characteristics even in cold forming conditions. By way of example, the values of tensile strength and elongation at break for alloy 5 are compared with those for oxygen-free copper :
~057535 Cold forming Measured value oxygen-free alloy 5 reduction copper in %
tensile strength 310 330 (N/mm2) elongation at break 18 18 tensile strength 380 390 (N/mm2) elongation at break 6 6 (%) . ._ tensile strength 405 435 (N/mm2) elongation at break 5 4 The good forming properties of the alloys according to the invention are also evidenced by the fact that ribbed tubes can be rolled from these materials without any difficulty.
Moreover, these materials have satisfactory heat conduc~ion properties.
0.16 0.9l 0.45 _ _ ll The alloys have been produced by induction melting of electrolytic copper under charcoal in a clay-graphite crucible;
first, the copper was melted, then the alloying metals were added, and phosphorus was brought in as a 15 % copper-phosphorus interme-diate alloy.
Then, test strips having a thickness of 0.4 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a width of 8.5 mm were made by casting into iron molds of 25 x 50 x 100 mm size, subsequent hot forming at 750C., and cold rolling to about 50 % reduction with annealing at 500 C.
In industrial mass production, the alloys will be conti-nuously cast, hot formed between 600 and 850 C., then cold rolled to about 20 to 80 % reduction, and annealed at temperatures between 400 and 700 C.
The rolled test strips made from the alloys as specified in the above table were then hung down in glass tubes and left there for one month under the influence of spring water flowing at various rates from 1.5 m/sec. to 7.5 m/sec. Thereafter, the weight losses of the test strips were measured.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The results appear in the accompanying drawing.
The test strips of oxygen-free copper, and alloy 1 exhibit the highest weight losses at the respective desired high flow rates. It is only with combinations according to the inven-tion that substantial improvements within the whole range of flow rates (see alloys 2-5) can be obtained, as compared with oxygen-free copper, these combinations comprising relatively small quantities of chromium and zinc with iron, titanium and/or phosphorus.
The alloys according to the invention, even after substantial cold forming, still have excellent elongation proper-ties which indicate good forming characteristics even in cold forming conditions. By way of example, the values of tensile strength and elongation at break for alloy 5 are compared with those for oxygen-free copper :
~057535 Cold forming Measured value oxygen-free alloy 5 reduction copper in %
tensile strength 310 330 (N/mm2) elongation at break 18 18 tensile strength 380 390 (N/mm2) elongation at break 6 6 (%) . ._ tensile strength 405 435 (N/mm2) elongation at break 5 4 The good forming properties of the alloys according to the invention are also evidenced by the fact that ribbed tubes can be rolled from these materials without any difficulty.
Moreover, these materials have satisfactory heat conduc~ion properties.
Claims (7)
1. A copper base material containing from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of chromium, from 0.2 to 3,0% by weight of zinc, from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of iron and/or from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of titanium, and from 0 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus and/or from 0 to 2% by weight of tin, the balance being copper together with incidental impurities.
2. A copper base material according to Claim 1, which contains from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of chromium, from 0.3 to 1.5% by weight of zinc, and from 0.3 to 0.45% by weight of iron and/or from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of titanium.
3. A copper base material according to Claim 1 which contains from 0.008 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus and/or from 0.5 to 2% by weight of tin.
4. A copper base material according to Claim 2, which contains from 0.008 to 0.1% by weight of phosphorus and/or from 0.5 to 2% by weight of tin.
5. A heat exchanger tube having an improved erosion-corrosion restance as well as a good heat conductivity, which is made from a copper material according to Claim 1 or 2.
6. A heat exchanger tube having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance as well as a good heat conductivity, which is made from a copper base material according to Claim 3.
7. A heat exchanger tube having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance as well as a good heat conductivity which is made from a copper base material according to Claim 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752538056 DE2538056C3 (en) | 1975-08-27 | 1975-08-27 | Copper material with improved erosion-corrosion resistance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1057535A true CA1057535A (en) | 1979-07-03 |
Family
ID=5954919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA258,780A Expired CA1057535A (en) | 1975-08-27 | 1976-08-10 | Copper base materials having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1057535A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2538056C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2322207A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1551264A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4822560A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1989-04-18 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Copper alloy and method of manufacturing the same |
| KR0175968B1 (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1999-02-18 | 코오노 히로노리 | Copper alloy suited for electrical components and high strength electric conductivity |
| GB2316685B (en) | 1996-08-29 | 2000-11-15 | Outokumpu Copper Oy | Copper alloy and method for its manufacture |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR793409A (en) * | 1934-10-31 | 1936-01-24 | Forges Et Ateliers De La Foule | Tin and chrome bronzes |
| GB512142A (en) * | 1937-11-19 | 1939-08-30 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Improvements in copper base alloys |
| GB516347A (en) * | 1938-06-03 | 1940-01-01 | Horace Campbell Hall | Copper-aluminium alloy |
| DE1154642B (en) * | 1960-09-08 | 1963-09-19 | Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag | Aluminum-containing multicomponent bronzes, which are particularly characterized by high heat resistance and chemical resistance |
| DE1758124C3 (en) * | 1967-06-26 | 1980-04-30 | Olin Corp., New Haven, Conn. (V.St.A.) | Application of a heat treatment process to improve the erosion-corrosion resistance of ferrous copper alloys |
-
1975
- 1975-08-27 DE DE19752538056 patent/DE2538056C3/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-08-04 GB GB3238476A patent/GB1551264A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-10 CA CA258,780A patent/CA1057535A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-10 FR FR7624388A patent/FR2322207A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2538056C3 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
| FR2322207B1 (en) | 1980-11-14 |
| GB1551264A (en) | 1979-08-30 |
| FR2322207A1 (en) | 1977-03-25 |
| DE2538056B2 (en) | 1978-11-09 |
| DE2538056A1 (en) | 1977-03-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3677745A (en) | Copper base composition | |
| US4559200A (en) | High strength and high conductivity copper alloy | |
| CA1205728A (en) | Precipitation hardenable copper alloy and process | |
| US3778318A (en) | Copper base composition | |
| JPS5853057B2 (en) | Highly conductive copper-based alloy | |
| EP0189637B1 (en) | Copper alloy and production of the same | |
| CN109988946A (en) | A kind of vacuum brazing fin material and preparation method thereof | |
| US3297497A (en) | Copper base alloy | |
| CA1057535A (en) | Copper base materials having an improved erosion-corrosion resistance | |
| US3241953A (en) | Aluminum conductor and process for obtaining same | |
| US4492602A (en) | Copper base alloys for automotive radiator fins, electrical connectors and commutators | |
| JPS6231059B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6158541B2 (en) | ||
| US3366477A (en) | Copper base alloys | |
| JPS61272339A (en) | Lead material for electronic parts excelled in repeated bendability and its production | |
| US3948432A (en) | Brazing preforms and method of brazing | |
| JPS58210140A (en) | Heat resistant conductive copper alloy | |
| US4121926A (en) | Squirrel-cage rotor | |
| US3684496A (en) | Solder having improved strength at high temperatures | |
| US4198248A (en) | High conductivity and softening resistant copper base alloys and method therefor | |
| JPH02122040A (en) | Creep-resistat zn-a1 base cast alloy | |
| US3017268A (en) | Copper base alloys | |
| JPH0459379B2 (en) | ||
| JPH02111829A (en) | Copper alloy for lead frame | |
| US4704253A (en) | Copper alloy for a radiator fin |