CA1057002A - Propoxylated or butoxylated branches fatty alcohols - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention relates to a process for printing, dyeing and/or finishing a textile material which includes the step of applying to the textile material a liquor containing as antifoaming agent from 0.1 to 0.7% by weight, based on the liquor, of a propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol which contains a total of from 8 to 13 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical, has at least one side chain and has at least 2 carbon atoms present in the side chain or chains, the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol containing in the molecule an average of from 0.6 to 1.5 propylene oxide or butylene oxide units.

Description

oO ~o ~o, ~27 lOS700Z

PROPOXYLATED OR BUTOXYLATED BRANCHED FATTY ALCOHOLS
The invention relates to special propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohols whlch can be used as antl-roam agents in the textlle industry, above all in dyeing and printing bulky tex-tiles and amongst these especially in the space dyeing of polyamide carpet fiber yarns by the knit-deknlt processO
The space dyelng of polyamide carpet flbers is currently car- t ried out mostly by the "knlt~deknlt" processO In this process yarns o~ (usually texturized) polyamide carpet fibers are knitted on cir-cular knitting machlnes or flat knlttlng machines to form hoses or 10 bands which are first lmpregnated wlth the ground dye on a padder and are then prlnted, wlthout an lntervening drylng processO The printing is in the maln roller prlnting; however9 the padded bands aan also be.printed by the Vigoureux processO Thereafter, the dyes ~re flxed to the goods by steamlng and the goods are washed ln spe-cial baths and driedO After deknittlng the knitted band or knitted hoses, the yarns are above all converted to tufted carpetsO
The prooess is currently of very great commerclal importance because large quantlties can be dyed quickly on continuous equip_ ment, and the l~bor requirements are low because o~ the high degree 20 of automation. However, it is a preconditlon that the equlpment should permit trouble-free workingO
One Or the most important problems ln a space dye installation is foamlngO Foaming is extremely detrimental, particularly in the color box, because the foam~ instead of the print pastes, enters the engraved portions of the rollers and causes lighter prints or poor ~057~02 o o Z ~ 30 9 427 penetration9 since the foam contains substantially le~s dye per unit volume than does a foam~free print pasteO
Foaming o~ padding liquors and print pastes ls caused by sur-factants whlch are present as wetting agents and dye carriersO Sur-factants used for this purpose are non-ionic compounds3 such as oxy- :
ethylated fatty alcoholsg oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty acid dlethanolamidesg oxyethylated fatty acids or their oxy-ethylated amides o~ 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and anionlc compounds, such as sulfuric acld hal~-esters of fatty alcohols of a low degree of oxyethylatlon9 alkylphenols of a low degree of oxyethylatlon or fatty acid diethanolamides of a low degree of oxyethylation9 and also esters of sulrosuccinic acid, The use of mixtures of anlonic and non-lonic compounds is particularly advantageous, The use of such products as auxiliaries in continuous dyeing of polyamide fl-bers has been descrlbed ln numerous publications and patent speci-fl¢ations, To prevent ~oaming9 anti_foam agents are added to the padding liquors and print pastesO These agents are emulsions of dimethyl-polysiloxanes (silicones)9 paraffin emulsions9 phosphorlc acid trl-butyl ester or 2-ethylhexanolO Whllst these products are very ef-fectlve anti-foam agents9 they suffer from serious disadvantages~
When using sllicones it is found particularly that the prlnt pastes do not have adequate flow and do not penetrate sufflclently deeply lnto the goods to be dyed9 so that only short zones cr the printed color9 constantly lnterrupted by the ground shade result (the ef-fect being referred to as l'short spaces"), whilst currently it is above all long color zones (long spaces) which the market demands.
The addition Or phosphoric acid trlbutyl ester or 2-ethyl-hexanol admittedly improves the penetration of the print pastes, but these additives are relatlvely volatile on steaming and cause a very ob~ectionable odor~ They also greatly detract from the sta-billty of the paddlng llquors and prlnt pastes~ This aspect is very important since in most cases batches of several tons o~ print ~ 1057QOZ
pastes and padding liquors are made up, which must be stable whilst the very large individual batches of goods are being run.
It has also been observed that if a knitted hose is impregnated with a padding liquor which does not contain any surfactants, or to which over-effective anti-foam agents have been added, the padding liquor remains in the base of the loops (i.e.
the tie-points of the loops) and dyes the textile goods particular-ly deeply at these points, while the stems of the loops are dyed very lightly because the padding liquor has been squeezed off.
During printing, the print paste above all reaches the loop stems, whilst the bases of the loops remain substantially free from paste. It has been found that padding liquors and print pastes remain in the positions they originally occupied during padding and printing above all if the above anti-foam agents, especially silicones, phosphoric acid tributyl ester or 2-ethyl-hexanol, are used.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an anti-foam agent which does not suffer from any of the above disadvantages. If possible, this anti-foam agent should not only be suitable for dyeing by the space dye process but be generally suitable for use in textile dyeing and/or finishing processes.
We have found that this object is achieved by applying to a textile material a liquor containing as anti-foaming agent from 0.1 to 0.7~ by weight, based on the liquor, of a propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol which contains a total of from 8 to 13 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical, has at least one side chain and has at least 2 carbon atoms present in the side chain or chains, the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol containing in the molecule an average of from 0.6 to 1.5 propylene oxide or butylene oxide units.
The two alkylene oxides mentioned are 1,2-propylene oxide and 1,2-n- or -iso-butylene oxide.
~ _ 3 _ ' 1057~0Z
These substances are excellent anti-foam agents, especially in the space dye process, but also generally in the printing, dyeing and/or finishing of textiles. They are used for this purpose in amounts of from 0.1 to 0.7 percent by weight, preferably of from Q.2 to 0.5 percent by weight, based on the dyeing or finishing liquor.

- 3a -f~

lOt~700Z oO z~ ~03 427 The particular and surprising advantage of uslng the anti-foam agents of the invention9 specifically when printing bulky textiles9 t l,e, ln carpet printing and very particularly ln printing knitted goods by the space dye process is that9 for a given amount of thi-ckener, the prints tend to bleed less and to penetrate more deeply~
The term "finishing" of textiles is intended to include all textile treatment processes in which monomeric or polymeric substan-ces which in some way improve the properties of the fibers are ap plled to the fibers Examples which may be mentioned are the various 10 wrinkle-resist and shrink-resist processes grouped together under the concept of "resin rinishing" or "easy_care finishing"9 as well as the antistatic9 f'ameproofing9 water-repellent and oil~repellent finishlng processesO
The term "textile dyeing processesl' embraces dyeing any tex- :
tiles with any dyes by any processes, including dyelng with pigments and blndersO Textile flnishing and dyeing can be carried out simul-taneously in one bath9 or separatelyO
Fatty alcohols which are manufactured by the so-called oxo re-action (reaction o~ an olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in 20 the presence of cobalt compounds or other suitable catalysts) from lsobutylene~ trimeric propylene or tetrameric propylene are very suitable for use as the fatty alcohol startlng materlalsO These pro-duots are branched-~hain nonanols9 decanols and tridecanols which, because of the reaction conditions, are lsomer mixturesO The alcohol must.contain at least one branch with at least 2 carbon atoms in a .:
side chaln (shorter branch) or contain at least 2 methyl groups as side ¢halnsO Derlvatives o~ 2-ethylhexanol are particularly suitable, The addition reaction of propylene oxide or butylene oxide with the ~atty alcohols is carried out under the conventlonal conditions, 30 with alkaline or acid catalysts9 in accordance with the state of the art, The products of the additlon reactlon of propylene oxide or butylene oxide with the fatty alcohols are water-white liquids, the ~ 4 --OOZo ~09427 odor of which decreases progressively with increaslng content of added-on epoxide unltsO They are effective anti~foam agents but the effectiveness decreases with increasing number of epoxide units ad-ded onO
On the other hand3 the stability of the padding liquors and print pastes increases with increasing number of epoxide units re-acted per molecule of anti_foam agent. The optlmum combination of anti_foam actlon, stability of padding liquor and reduction in odor nuisance is achleved with products which have been formed by the addition of from oO8 to 102 moles of propylene oxide or butylene oxlde per mole of fatty alcoholO
Further9 lt is an advantage that the products of the invention asslst the penetratlon of the print pastes into the padded material.
In additlon, they effect very good transfer of the print pastes from the engraving lnto the material to be printed9 particularly when the rollers are mounted above one another, where there are frequently great problems in transfer Or the print pastes from the rollers whlch prlnt the underside, Whllst9 particularly when using silicone emulsions or parafrin emulslons9 the prints are distlnctly llghter9 and show poorer penetratlon9 on the underside than on the race printed with the rollers mounted above the goods, the use of the products of the invention produces prlnts of equal depth of color and equal depth of penetration on both sldes and if sufflciently deep engravlng ls used complete penetration as a rule results.
Both padding liquors and prlnt pastes contain from O to 1 5 percent by welght Or non-lonic and rrom O to 1,5 percent by wèlght of anionic surractants~ the sum of both belng from 0~3 to 205, pre-~erably rrom 0.4 to 1 5, percent by weight. In the case of prlnt pastes, from 0.2 to 1, and in partlcular from 003 to 0.59 percent by weight Or non-lonlc surfactants, based on the print paste9 is preferredO
It has been found that when using only non-ionic surfactants as the padding auxiliaries, the ground which has been left unprinted ~ 5 --105700Z o o Z o 30 9 4?7 shows an uneven shade 1~ ma~or amounts (from 004 to 0~7 percent by weight, based on the padding liquor) of anti~foam agents according to the invention are addedO If m~xtures of non~ionic and anionic surfactants are added to the padding liquor and the amount of anti-foam agent added is reduced to about from Ool to 0~4 percent by weight, a level ground color resultsO
However, it is advisable to add anionic surfactants only to the padding liquors9 but not to the print pastes3 This ls because the foaming action of anlonlc surfactants is depressed less by the anti_ foam agents of the lnvention than ls the foaming actlon o~ non-ionic surfactants~ and in the case of print pastes optimum anti-foam ac-tlon is more important than in the case of padding liquors~ In pad-dlng liquors adequate anti-foam action when applying the dye, and level coloration of the areas which have been left unprinted, are achieved with the anti-foam agents of the invention even when using only anionlc surfactants9 such as salts9 especlally alkali metal salts or ammonium salts9 of sulfuric acid half_esters of the products of the addltion reaction of from 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide wlth alkylphenols wlth alkyl chalns of 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
Small amounts of auxiliarles whlch reduce the rate of dyelng ~;
can be added to the paddlng llquors and prlnt pastesO Examples are anionic auxlllarles such as salts Or alkylbenzenesulfonic acids or of sulfated castor oil~ sulfated olelc acid, sulfated olelc acid alkylamide or sulfated olelc acid alkyl esters9 and salts of alkyl derivatives of naphthalenesulfonlc acid9 or salts of sulfurlc acld half-esters of the products of the addltlon reaction of from 2 to 80 mole8 of ethylene oxide wlth fatty alcohols of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, These auxiliaries are known to increase the affinity for dyesO It is also possible to use auxlliaries which have afflnity ~or the dye and as a result shlft the dyeing equillbrlum between the flber and liquor in favor of the liquorO Such auxiliaries are above all fatty amines oxyethylated wlth from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, fatty alcohols or fatty acids oxyethylated with o O z o 30 9 427 ~rom 20 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide or polyvinylpyrrolidone hav~
ing a mo~ecular weight of from 15,000 to 4090000 These aux~liaries reduce the rate of dyeing and enable the dyes to migrate into zones of the materlal which they do not reach, in adequate concentration9 during padding or printing, This further improves the evenness of the ground and of the printed areasO
These auxiliaries are employed in amounts of from 0 to 1%, pre-ferably from 0 to 0,5%9 based on the weight of the liquor. Excessive amounts must be avoided since otherwise the dyes are no longer ade-quately taken up by the fibers, The addition of these auxiliaries isindicated~ above all9 in the case of light to medlum shades because wlth these the dyes present ln relatively small amounts are taken up very rapldly and therefore give an uneven shade if they are unable to become unlformly dlstrlbuted over the surface of the flbers be-fore being taken up~
Though most of the above auxiliarles, which have an afflnity rOr the dye or the fiber9 are surfactants which ~oam copiously ln aqueous solution, no ob~ectionable foaming is observed during print-ing and padding.if the antl_~oam a~ents mentioned are added to the padding llquors and prlnt pastes, The parts and percentages in the manuracturlng lnstructlons and Examples are by weight, , Instructions for the manufacture of dye solutions A, 6404 parts o~ the monoazo dye from dlazotlzed 2-aminobenzoic acld and l-phenyl-3~methylpyrazolone-5 and 32 parts of sodium bichrom-ate are introduced into a mixture of 80 parts of dlmethylformamide and 80 parts o~ diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether at 100C and the batch ls then stlrred for one hour at 110C, ~, 65 parts of the monoazo dye ~rom 1-amlno-2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzene and 2-phenyl-3~methylpyrazolone-5 and 32 parts of sodlum bichrom-ate are lntroduced into a mlxture of 60 parts of propylene glycol9 60 parts of dlmethylformamlde and 60 parts o~ ethylene carbonate at 100C and the batch ls stlrred for one hour at 100C.

105700Z . zo 309427 CO 30.9 parts of' the monoazo dye from diazotized l~amlno~2~hydroxy~
4-nitrobenzene and B-naphthol9 ~009 parts of the monoazo dye from diazotized l-amino~2 hydroxy-5 nitrobenzene and ~-naphthol and 32 parts of sodium bichromate are introduced into a mixture of 90 parts of dimethylformamide and 90 parts of diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether at 100C and the batch is then stirred for one hour at 110Co Do 71.4 parts of the monoazo dye from diazotized 1-amino-2-methoxy-5-sulfamldobenzene and B-naphthol are introduced lnto a mixture of lO0 parts o~ trlethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether and 100 parts of methylforrnamide and 30 parts of an aqueous cobalt hydrox-lde paste prepared according to C~erman Published Application 1,619,357, Example 2, are then added~ The mixture is stirred for

2 hours at from 90 to 100Co E. 62.4 parts of the monoazo dye from diazotized l-amino-2-hydroxy-5-nltrobenzene and acetoacetic acid anilide are introduced into a mixture of lO0 parts of dipropylene glycol and lO0 parts of N-methylpyrrolidoneO 2~ parts of coba t(II) chloride are then added9 the mixture is heated to 80C9 27 parts of 50~ strength sodium hydroxlde solution are then introduced and the batch is stirred for a further hour at 90C~
In each of lnstructions A to E, 'she mobile solution obtained after coollng is filtered to remove any sllght lmpurities. The solu-tion thus obtalned is stable even at low temperatures and can be di-luted with water in any ratlo without causing the dye to precipltateO

A knitted hose OI texturized nylon-6 fllament is padded with an aqueous liquor which contalns 14 parts of dye solutlon A9 2 parts of dye solution B, 0 1 part of dye solution C, 6 parts of locust bean ether gum9 lO parts of an addition product of 5 moles of ethyl-ene oxide w~th 1 mole of a fatty alcohol mixture of 9 to 11 carbon atoms, 5 parts of the sodium salt of the sulfuric acid half-ester of an addition product of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of 1057002 o o ~ 30~427 nonylphenol~ 10 parts o~ 60~ strength aqueous acetic acid and 2 parts of an addition product of oO8 mole of propylene oxide w~th 1 mole of 2-ethylhexanol, per 19000 parts of liquor, to a liquor pick~up of 70%0 The impregnated hose is then printed wlth print pastes which contain the following addltives per 19000 partso Ao 10 parts of dye solution A, 5 parts of dye ob~ained by mixed chroming of the dyes CoIo 189710 and 18,744 to give 102 chromium complexes, 10 parts of locust bean ether gum9 5 parts of an ad- -dition product of ~ moles of ethylene oxide ~ith 1 mole of a fatty alcohol mixture of 9 to ll carbon atoms9 10 parts of 60%
strength aqueous acetic acid and 5 parts of an addition product of oO8 mole of propylene oxlde with l mole of 2 ethylhexanol9 and water to make up to 19 000 partsO
Bo 5 parts of dye solution Eg 2 parts of dye solution D, 2 parts o~
dye solution C9 10 parts o~ locust bean ether gum, 5 parts of an addition product Or 5 moles of ethylene oxlde wlth l mole of a fatty al¢ohol mlxture of 9 to 11 carbon atoms, 10 parts of 60%
strength acetic acid and 5 parts of an addition product o~ oO8 mole o~ propylene oxide with 1 mole of 2-ethylhexanol, and water to make up to 19000 partsO
The materlal ls then steamed for 5 mlnutes in a saturated steam atmosphere at 100C9 washed and driedO A material ln which the ground ls dyed ln a level golden hueJ and which shows a level print, wlth pra¢ti¢ally ¢omplete penetratlon ln the printed areas, resultsO Af-ter deknltting and tufting9 the goods obtained show a very attrac-tlve color contrast9 wlth level color zonesO There is no ob~ection-able foaming during dyeing and printingO

A knitted hose Or texturized nylon-696 filament is padded wlth a liquor which contains 8 parts of the dye CoI~ 26,900, 8 parts of a 102 chromium complex dye obtained from the dye CoI~ 189740, 8 ~0 parts of an addltion product of 6 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of octylphenol9 6 parts of locust bean ether gum, 10 parts of _ g _ 105700Z o D Z O ~50 9427 60% strength acetic acid and 5 parts of an addition product of 1O2 moles of propylene oxide with 1 mole of 2~ethylhexanol9 per 1,000 parts of liquor9 to a liquor plck~up of 80~o The hose is then printed9 using printing rollers mounted one above another9 with print pastes of the following compositlonO
Print paste Ao 10 parts of the dye C~Io 1697079 8 parts of locust bean ether gum9 5 parts of an addltion product of 6 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of octylphenol, 10 parts of 60~ strength acetlc acid and 5 parts of an addition product of 1~2 moles of propylene oxide with 1 mole of 20ethylhexanol9 together with water to make up to 1,000 parts of print pasteO
Print paste B
2 parts of dye solution C, 20 parts of dye solution D, 8 parts o~ locust bean ether gum9 5 parts of an addition product of 5 moles o~ ethylene oxide wlth 1 mole of octylphenol, 10 parts of 60~
strength acetic acid and 5 parts of an addltion product of 1 2 moles of propylene oxlde with 1 mole of 2~ethylhexanol, together with wa-ter to make up to 19000 parts of print pasteO
The mater~al is padded and prlnted at a rate of 25 m/mlnute, at whi¢h no foaming ls observedO It ls then steamed for 5 mlnutes wlth saturated steam at 100C9 washed and dried The resultlng yarn has a red ground, with ruby and navy prlnted areas~ The ground shows an alternatlon of dark and llght shades at short intervalsO
If 5 parts of the sodlum salt of sulfosucclnic acid dloctyl es-ter are inoorporated lnto the paddlng llquor and the amount of the addltlon product of 102 moles of propylene oxlde wlth 1 mole of 2-ethylhexanol ls reduced to 3 parts, somewhat more marked foaming oc-curs on the padder, but not to a sufficient extent to interfereO The rollers remain free from foamO After steaming, washlng and drying as above/ the areas whlch were lert unprinted show a level coloration, and the printed areas show practlcally complete penetrationO Depend-ing on the patterns used9 a very attractlve long-space dyeing result ~ 10 11~5700Z oO zo ~09 427 can be achieved in this wayO
A similar result is achieved by using, as the anti~oam agent, an addit~on product of 1 mole of propylene oxide with 1 mole of 2-ethylhexanol or an addltion product of 007 or lo~ moles of butylene oxide or isobutylene oxideO

A knitted hose of texturlzed nylon~6~6 filament is padded with an aqueous llquor which contalns 10 parts o~ the dye C~Io NoO 18,690, 4 parts of the dye CoIo NoO 12,715 and Ool part of the dye CoIo NoO
12,195, 5 parts o~ an addition product of 8 moles of ethylene oxide wlth 1 mole of a mlxture of about equal parts of lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol, 5 parts of the sodium salt of the sulfurlc acld hal~-ester of an addltion product of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of nonylphenol, 4 parts of an addition product of lo1 parts of propylene oxide with 1 mole of lsodecanol (prepared by oxo reac-tion o~ trimerized propylene) 9 6 parts of locust bean ether gum and 10 parts of 60% strength acetic acid per l,000 parts of liquor.
After squeezlng off on a padder9 the hose ls prlnted with a prlnt paste which contains 10 parts o~ the dye CoIo No 11,700, 5 pQrts of a chromlum complex dye which contains 1 mole o~ the dye 20 CoIo No. 18~744 and 1 mole Or the dye No~ 159710perl mole of chro-mium-III ions9 5 parts Or an addition product of 8 moles of ethyl_ ene oxlde with a fatty alcohol mlxture of 007 mole of lauryl alco-hol and 0,3 mole of myristyl alcohol, 5 parts of an additlon pro-duct of lol moles Or isobutylene oxlde wlth l mole Or lsononanol, which was prepared by oxo reaction Or dllsobutylene, 8 parts of locust bean ether ~um and 10 parts of 60% strength acetlc acid per 1,000 parts Or prlnt pasteO
Padding and printing are carried out at a rate of 25 m/minuteO
This causes no ob~ectlonable foaming on elther the padder or the printin~ machineO The materlal is then steamed continuously for 7 mlnutes wlth saturated steam at 100C, washed and driedO The result-ing material shows a faæt and level coloration in both the ground - 11 _ 1 0 57 OOz OZo 30,427 and the prlnted areasO The prints have very good contours and pene- :
tration is practically completeO
Slmilar results are achieved by using9 instead of the nonanol-butylene oxide adduct, an addition product of lol moles of propyl-ene oxide with isononanol or isotridecanol, at the same concentra-tion as the above adduct9 as the anti~foam agent in the padding li-quor and the print paste~

A knitted hose of texturized nylon-6,6 filament is impregnated with a padding liquor which contains 5 parts of the dye of the for-mula I

3 a O NH ~ CH3 NHCOCH3and 5 parts of the dye of the formula II
S03Na ' ' N-N ~ CH3 II , , ~ Cl S03Na 10 parts of an addltion product of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide with n-deoanolj 5 parts of the sodlum salt of sulfosuccinlc acid dloctyl ester, 10 parts of glaclal acetic acld, 3 parts o~ an addition pro-duct of 1 mole of propylene oxide with 2-ethylhexanol and 5 parts of locust bean ether gum per 1,000 parts o~ aqueous liquor.
The material is then prlnted with a print paste which contalns 12 parts o~ the acid dye CO ID NoO 15,707, 5 parts of an addition product o~ 3D 5 moles of ethylene oxide wlth n-decanol, 4 parts of the sodium salt of dlisobutyl naphthalenesulfonic acid, 10 parts of glaclal acetic acid, 5 parts of an addition product of 1 mole of propylene oxide with 2-ethylhexanol and 7 parts of locust bean ether ~ -- 12 _ o~zO 30,427 gum per 1,000 parts of aqueous liquorO
No foaming occurs during padding and printingO
The material is steamed continuously with saturated steam at 100C, washed and driedO After deknitting, a green yarn dyed with dark blue zones (spaces) ls obtained Both the ground and the print-ed coloration are very evenO

10 parts of dye solution A, 5 parts of dye solution ~ and 002 part of dye solution C are added to a solution of 6 parts of locust bean ether gum and 5 parts of the addition product of 4 moles of ethylene oxide with a mlxture of equal parts Or nonanol and unde-canol, oonslstlng of 70 parts of stralght-chain molecules per 30 parts of ~-methyl-branched molecules, in 500 parts of waterO The mlxture ls then made up to 950 parts with water, whllst stirring, 5 parts of the sodlum salt of sulfosuccinlc acld dloctyl ester, 7.5 parts of glaclal aoetic acld and 2 parts of an addition product of 1 mole of propylene oxlde with 2-ethylhexanol are added whllst stir-ring well, and flnally the mlxture ls made up to 1,000 parts wlth water.
A clroular-knltted hose of texturized nylon-6,6 filament of 2,200 dtex is padded wlth this llquor to a wet pick-up of 80%o Thls hose is prlnted wlth a prlnt paste whlch was prepared as follows~
10 parts of dye solutlon E and 5 parts of a dye obtalned by mlxed chromlng of the dyes C,I. No, 18,710 and No. 18,744 to glve a 1:2 ohromlum oomplex dye are dlssolved ln a hot solutlon of 5 parts of an addltion produot of 5 moles of ethylene oxide wlth n-nonanol in 100 parts of water, and this liquor is added to a solutlon of 10 parts of looust bean ether gum in 500 parts of water, The mlxture ls made up to a total of 950 parts and 3 parts of an addition pro-duot of 15 moles of ethylene oxlde wlth oleylamlne, 3 parts of thesodium salt of dilsobutyl-naphthalenesulfonio aold (technical isomer mixture), 5 parts of glacial acetlc acld and 5 parts of an addition , .

o . Z 30, 4271(~57~0Z
product of 1 mole of propylene oxide with 2-ethylhexanol are addedO
The mixture is stirred thoroughly during and after preparation of the print paste.
The material ls then steamed continuously for 5 minutes with saturated steam at 100C, washed and driedO
No foamlng is observed durlng padding and prlntlng, The yarn ls dyed very evenly and with good penetration in both the printed and the untreated areas and glves a very attractive long-space pat- -tern when used for tufting.

_ 14 -

Claims (8)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A process for printing, dyeing and/or finishing a textile material which includes the step of applying to the textile material a liquor containing as anti-foaming agent from 0.1 to 0.7% by weight, based on the liquor, of a propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol which contains a total of from 8 to 13 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical, has at least one side chain and has at least 2 carbon atoms present in the side chain or chains, the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol containing in the molecule an average of from 0.6 to 1.5 propylene oxide or butylene oxide units.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol molecule contains an average of from 0.8 to 1.2 moles of propylene oxide or butylene oxide units.

3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol is 2-ethylhexanol alkoxylated with from 0.8 to 1.2 moles of propylene oxide or butylene oxide.

4. A process as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol is present both in a dye-containing liquor used as padding liquod or in a dye-containing liquor used as print paste in the space dyeing process.

5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dye-containing liquor contains in addition from 0 to 1.5% of one or more non-ionic surfactants and from 0 to 1.5% of one or more anionic surfactants, the total amount of non-ionic and anionic surfactants being from 0.3 to 2.5% and the percentages each being by weight based on the weight of the total liquor.

6. A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol is included in a padding liquor and/or a print paste, each containing one non-ionic surfactant consisting of an oxyethylated fatty alcohol containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical and from 2 to 8 ethylene oxide units in the molecule or consists of an oxyethylated alkylphenol containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and from 2 to 8 ethylene oxide units in the molecule.

7. A process as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the propoxylated or butoxylated branched fatty alcohol is included in a padding liquor containing an anionic surfactant consisting of a salt of a sulfuric acid half-ester of an oxyethylated alkyl-phenol which contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and from 2 to 4 ethylene oxide units per molecule, and/or in a print paste free from anionic surfactants.

8. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a knitted hose of polyamide carpet fiber yarn is dyed with one or more anionic dyes by the space dye process.