CA1052962A - Manufacture of thin walled containers - Google Patents
Manufacture of thin walled containersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1052962A CA1052962A CA206,194A CA206194A CA1052962A CA 1052962 A CA1052962 A CA 1052962A CA 206194 A CA206194 A CA 206194A CA 1052962 A CA1052962 A CA 1052962A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- butadiene styrene
- containers
- polystyrene
- sheet
- acrylonitrile butadiene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention discloses an improved process for the manufacture of thin-walled containers. It comprises forming a laminate of a material selected from polystyrene, poly-propylene and polyethylene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.), producing the desired container, and separating the remaining laminate so that the polystyrene, and polypropylene or polyethylene may be reused. The containers may be produced by a thermo-forming process with pressure deformation or by a similar process. If the container is to be gas or water impermeable, the A.B.S. may have a layer of synthetic plastic material coated thereon. The present invention provides an efficient process at a rather low cost in view of the cost of the A.B.S.
The present invention discloses an improved process for the manufacture of thin-walled containers. It comprises forming a laminate of a material selected from polystyrene, poly-propylene and polyethylene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.), producing the desired container, and separating the remaining laminate so that the polystyrene, and polypropylene or polyethylene may be reused. The containers may be produced by a thermo-forming process with pressure deformation or by a similar process. If the container is to be gas or water impermeable, the A.B.S. may have a layer of synthetic plastic material coated thereon. The present invention provides an efficient process at a rather low cost in view of the cost of the A.B.S.
Description
~.o5Z962 1 The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of thin w~lled containers and in particular con-cerns a modification of the method set forth in our British Patent No. 12324/73.
In the said British Patent, we have set forth a pro-cess of manufacturing thin walled containers wherein the con-tainers are formed in and removed from a sheet laminate made up of a sheet of polystyrene and a sheet of polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer thereof adhered thereto in such a manner that after -the formed containers have been removed from the laminate, the remaining polystyrene sheet and polyvinyl chloride sheet can be readily separated so that the remainder of the polystyrene can ' be re-used.
According to the present modification, the polyvinyl chloride or copolymer sheet is replaced by a sheet of acrylonit-rile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.~ and the polystyrene may or may .. . .
not be replaced by polypropylene or polyethelene. This material can be used in general purpose containers but if the containers `-have to contain a variety of substances which must be protected ~-from gas vapour or water contamination, then the A.B.S. may have ~`
a layer of synthetic plastic material thereon which has the ` -- -desired property or properties of gas, vapour or water imperm- ;-eability. Such containers can be used for holding, for example, foodstuffs ~including oils and condiments) cosmetics, medicines, drugs and pharmaceuticals and household and indu~
trial chemicals. ~-.~ .
.
.. : - . .
' ' ~' .
lOSZ962 1 A container formed according to the present invention, if provided with a lining on the A.B.S. and a suitable lid, gas tight sealed to the container, can also be used for holding carbonated beverages.
The containers are preferably formed in the laminate by means of a thermo forming process involving pressure deformation of locally heated regions of the laminate. The pressure deformation may be by vacuum or pressure forming or by moulds having male and female mould parts or by a combination tO of these techniques.
The laminate may be formed simply by iaying the A.B.S. sheet material layer on an extruded layer preferably ~ ;
of polystyrene, and pressing the two layers together. The pressure is preferably applied by a pair of nip rollers whilst the polystyrene is still slightly soft, and the rollers ; may be cooled to cause congealing of the polystyrene. The adhesion between the sheets may be assisted by electrostatic ~ `
- attraction. By extruding the polystyrene and passing it -bçtween rollers, there is generated on the polystyrene a - 20 negative electrostatic charge which may attract and lightly hold the A.B.S. to the polystyrene. After removal of the containers the remainder of the polystyrene and A.~.S.
sheets can be separated by physically overcoming the ~ `-electrostatic attraction or by destroying it by applying e}ectric charge by ionised air or electric field of opposite polarity to that of the charge of the polystyrene.
If the electrostatic charge is insufficient to hold the sheets together, the charge may be increased either by working the polystyrene or by creating the charge by ~-suitable electric apparatus.
. , .
1 The A.B.S. will normally be a web which is applied to the extruded polystyrene, or in an alternative the A.B.S. and polystyrene are extruded simultaneously and then pressed together. -Where the other lining material having the gas, ~; vapour, or water impermeability property or properties i8 provided, this may be a further sheet applied to the A.B.S. at the same time as the A.B.S. i8 applied to the polystyrene or it may have been previously applied. Instead ~f a sheet of lining material, it may be supplied in liquid form to the A.B.S. for example by a coating process.
The aforesaid coating may be the material known as, SARAN (Registered Trade Mark) and it may be applied . by reverse roll coating, curtain coating, spraying, -~
` painting or the like. -~
; - The A.B.S. may be in the region of 1 to 6 thousandths -of an inch in thickness, but the polystyrene, as it forms -the outer case of the containers formed according to the ;
invention, will be substantially rigid and therefore be thicker than the lining material.
The softening points of the A.B.S~ and polystyrene - `
are in the same range of temperature and thus enables -the sheets to be thermo formed together. The shrinkage rates of the A.B.S. and polystyrene are æuch that during the cooling of each container after thermo forming, the polystyrene shrinks at a higher rate than the A.B.S. and the A.B.S. and case bind ^,:
.. . .
.. . .
: g .` ' D
- , ........................ . . .
1 together~ but ~here the contalner is to ~e ~illed with car-bonated beverage and then sealed By ~eans of a lid, the ~hrink-age rates can be the same as the pressure o~ the bcverage, when sealed in the container will force the A.B.S. onto the polystyrene case. The A.B.S. will in this case be provided with an inner lining, for example of SARAN.
An example of the present invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:-Fig.l shows diagrammatically how a roll of coated A.B,S is laid onto a polystyrene or other web to form the -~
laminate in which the containers are formed;
Figs. 2 and 3 show in sectional elevation how the containers are formed in and removed therefrom respectively;
` Fig. 4 illustrates how the remainder of the polystyrene and A.B.S. are separated after removal of the containers.
Fig. 5 illustrates the distal relationship amongst the nip rollers.
Referring to the drawings, and firstly to Fig. 1, high impact polystyrene is extruded from an extruder 12 in the form of a web 10.
A web 14 of A.B.S., which has one side 14A coated ~` -with gas impermeable plastics material, such as SARAN is applied to the web 10 with its uncoated side to form a lamin~ -ate 16. The webs 10, 14 are pressed together by nip rollers 18 to prevent the formation of air pockets between the webs ; 10, 14. The rollers 18 are water cooled and serve to cool and congeal the soft extruded web 10 of polystyrene.
. . .
- . ~. . . .
,.: - ' ~
1 As the polystyrene is extruded from extruder 12 and as it passes round rollers 18, it acquires a negative electro-static charge which liqhtly attracts the A.B.S. to the sheet 10, and if such charge is insufficient, it is possible to induce the necessary electrostatic charge on the polystyrene. We have found however that working of the polygtyrene is sufficient to create an electrostatic charge on the polystyrene of more than enough capacity to hold the A.B.S. to the polystyrene. The A.B.S. i8 ~ :
wound from a reel 22 as shown.
In the laminate 16 are formed a plurality of con-tainers by a thermo forming process involving the initial sof-; tening of the laminate for example by heater 23. ~-, .
Fig. 2 shows how one of the containers is foxmed in the laminate 16. The laminate is heated to soften the webs and the softened webs are located over the cavity of a vacuum form-ing mould 24. The mould cavity is then vacated by having a ~ -~
vacuum applied thereto through the passage 26, and the laminate --takes up the container shape as shown.
The container is now removed from the laminate, as by -cutting by means of a circular knife indicated at 28 in fig. 3 shows the separated containers ready for filling and lidding and it will be noticed that the container is cut from the lam- :
inate to leave a top peripheral flange 30 of which the top is - ~-. .
defined by the SARAN coated face of A.B.S. 14 and the bottom by the polystyrene outer casing 10.
A plurality of the containers are ~ormed in-and removed from the laminate 16 and, because the webs 10, 14 are adhered lightly together by electrostatic attraction, the web xemain-: ders can be separated either by physically separating the webs ~6 . .
1os296;~or ~y destroying the electrostatic charge by applying a reverse charge or for electric field as indicated in Fig. 4 and the remaining polystyrene web 10 can be reprocessed and returned to the extruder 12.
The polystyrene and A.B.S. adhere lightly together as explained by electrostatic attraction, but the adherence may be assisted by a weak adhesive or if there is no electrostatic attraction, the adherence may be achieved by the exclusion of air from between the sheets 10, 14.
It is to be appreciated that the shape of the containers produced in the laminate 16 is not in essence to the present invention; the container shape is indicated by the shape of the moulds in which the containers are formed. The resulting con-tainers are very suitable for containing foodstuffs, medicines, liquids and the like which must be sealed from the atmosphere and moisture, the inner liner or coating of the A.B.S. preventing the ingress of moisture or atmosphere. - `
In an alternative arrangement, instead of providing a roll of A.B.S. the A.B.S. is extruded from another extruder and the polystyrene and A.B.S. extrudates, whilst still soft, are brought together to form the laminate. Slightly different -shrinkage rates upon cooling of the polystyrene and A.B.S. may ; assist the adherence together of the webs. This laminate can be used for producing containers as described without further treat-ment, but if the containers are to contain material or items which must be protected from the atmosphere and/or moisture .
.. .
' ' ~OSZ962 1 there will usually be a third layer to the laminate, as described above, and at the opposite side of the A.B.S. from the poly-styrene which will have the necessary impermeability characteristic or characteristics. This third layer may be a coating or sheet of SARAN, polyethylene polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Furthering in any of the arrangements of the convention, ~
the polystyrene may be replaced by polyethylene. -; The main advantage of utilizing A.B.S. is that it is ~ -relatively cheap as compared to the previous materials we have ~
10 used for this purpose. ~ ;
;. ' "
" , ' ' '' -~, .,,, , , ~ .
' ~ .
- .', .
~20 ' `.
.~ .
: - `
r- . ' ' , '
In the said British Patent, we have set forth a pro-cess of manufacturing thin walled containers wherein the con-tainers are formed in and removed from a sheet laminate made up of a sheet of polystyrene and a sheet of polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer thereof adhered thereto in such a manner that after -the formed containers have been removed from the laminate, the remaining polystyrene sheet and polyvinyl chloride sheet can be readily separated so that the remainder of the polystyrene can ' be re-used.
According to the present modification, the polyvinyl chloride or copolymer sheet is replaced by a sheet of acrylonit-rile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.~ and the polystyrene may or may .. . .
not be replaced by polypropylene or polyethelene. This material can be used in general purpose containers but if the containers `-have to contain a variety of substances which must be protected ~-from gas vapour or water contamination, then the A.B.S. may have ~`
a layer of synthetic plastic material thereon which has the ` -- -desired property or properties of gas, vapour or water imperm- ;-eability. Such containers can be used for holding, for example, foodstuffs ~including oils and condiments) cosmetics, medicines, drugs and pharmaceuticals and household and indu~
trial chemicals. ~-.~ .
.
.. : - . .
' ' ~' .
lOSZ962 1 A container formed according to the present invention, if provided with a lining on the A.B.S. and a suitable lid, gas tight sealed to the container, can also be used for holding carbonated beverages.
The containers are preferably formed in the laminate by means of a thermo forming process involving pressure deformation of locally heated regions of the laminate. The pressure deformation may be by vacuum or pressure forming or by moulds having male and female mould parts or by a combination tO of these techniques.
The laminate may be formed simply by iaying the A.B.S. sheet material layer on an extruded layer preferably ~ ;
of polystyrene, and pressing the two layers together. The pressure is preferably applied by a pair of nip rollers whilst the polystyrene is still slightly soft, and the rollers ; may be cooled to cause congealing of the polystyrene. The adhesion between the sheets may be assisted by electrostatic ~ `
- attraction. By extruding the polystyrene and passing it -bçtween rollers, there is generated on the polystyrene a - 20 negative electrostatic charge which may attract and lightly hold the A.B.S. to the polystyrene. After removal of the containers the remainder of the polystyrene and A.~.S.
sheets can be separated by physically overcoming the ~ `-electrostatic attraction or by destroying it by applying e}ectric charge by ionised air or electric field of opposite polarity to that of the charge of the polystyrene.
If the electrostatic charge is insufficient to hold the sheets together, the charge may be increased either by working the polystyrene or by creating the charge by ~-suitable electric apparatus.
. , .
1 The A.B.S. will normally be a web which is applied to the extruded polystyrene, or in an alternative the A.B.S. and polystyrene are extruded simultaneously and then pressed together. -Where the other lining material having the gas, ~; vapour, or water impermeability property or properties i8 provided, this may be a further sheet applied to the A.B.S. at the same time as the A.B.S. i8 applied to the polystyrene or it may have been previously applied. Instead ~f a sheet of lining material, it may be supplied in liquid form to the A.B.S. for example by a coating process.
The aforesaid coating may be the material known as, SARAN (Registered Trade Mark) and it may be applied . by reverse roll coating, curtain coating, spraying, -~
` painting or the like. -~
; - The A.B.S. may be in the region of 1 to 6 thousandths -of an inch in thickness, but the polystyrene, as it forms -the outer case of the containers formed according to the ;
invention, will be substantially rigid and therefore be thicker than the lining material.
The softening points of the A.B.S~ and polystyrene - `
are in the same range of temperature and thus enables -the sheets to be thermo formed together. The shrinkage rates of the A.B.S. and polystyrene are æuch that during the cooling of each container after thermo forming, the polystyrene shrinks at a higher rate than the A.B.S. and the A.B.S. and case bind ^,:
.. . .
.. . .
: g .` ' D
- , ........................ . . .
1 together~ but ~here the contalner is to ~e ~illed with car-bonated beverage and then sealed By ~eans of a lid, the ~hrink-age rates can be the same as the pressure o~ the bcverage, when sealed in the container will force the A.B.S. onto the polystyrene case. The A.B.S. will in this case be provided with an inner lining, for example of SARAN.
An example of the present invention will now be des-cribed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:-Fig.l shows diagrammatically how a roll of coated A.B,S is laid onto a polystyrene or other web to form the -~
laminate in which the containers are formed;
Figs. 2 and 3 show in sectional elevation how the containers are formed in and removed therefrom respectively;
` Fig. 4 illustrates how the remainder of the polystyrene and A.B.S. are separated after removal of the containers.
Fig. 5 illustrates the distal relationship amongst the nip rollers.
Referring to the drawings, and firstly to Fig. 1, high impact polystyrene is extruded from an extruder 12 in the form of a web 10.
A web 14 of A.B.S., which has one side 14A coated ~` -with gas impermeable plastics material, such as SARAN is applied to the web 10 with its uncoated side to form a lamin~ -ate 16. The webs 10, 14 are pressed together by nip rollers 18 to prevent the formation of air pockets between the webs ; 10, 14. The rollers 18 are water cooled and serve to cool and congeal the soft extruded web 10 of polystyrene.
. . .
- . ~. . . .
,.: - ' ~
1 As the polystyrene is extruded from extruder 12 and as it passes round rollers 18, it acquires a negative electro-static charge which liqhtly attracts the A.B.S. to the sheet 10, and if such charge is insufficient, it is possible to induce the necessary electrostatic charge on the polystyrene. We have found however that working of the polygtyrene is sufficient to create an electrostatic charge on the polystyrene of more than enough capacity to hold the A.B.S. to the polystyrene. The A.B.S. i8 ~ :
wound from a reel 22 as shown.
In the laminate 16 are formed a plurality of con-tainers by a thermo forming process involving the initial sof-; tening of the laminate for example by heater 23. ~-, .
Fig. 2 shows how one of the containers is foxmed in the laminate 16. The laminate is heated to soften the webs and the softened webs are located over the cavity of a vacuum form-ing mould 24. The mould cavity is then vacated by having a ~ -~
vacuum applied thereto through the passage 26, and the laminate --takes up the container shape as shown.
The container is now removed from the laminate, as by -cutting by means of a circular knife indicated at 28 in fig. 3 shows the separated containers ready for filling and lidding and it will be noticed that the container is cut from the lam- :
inate to leave a top peripheral flange 30 of which the top is - ~-. .
defined by the SARAN coated face of A.B.S. 14 and the bottom by the polystyrene outer casing 10.
A plurality of the containers are ~ormed in-and removed from the laminate 16 and, because the webs 10, 14 are adhered lightly together by electrostatic attraction, the web xemain-: ders can be separated either by physically separating the webs ~6 . .
1os296;~or ~y destroying the electrostatic charge by applying a reverse charge or for electric field as indicated in Fig. 4 and the remaining polystyrene web 10 can be reprocessed and returned to the extruder 12.
The polystyrene and A.B.S. adhere lightly together as explained by electrostatic attraction, but the adherence may be assisted by a weak adhesive or if there is no electrostatic attraction, the adherence may be achieved by the exclusion of air from between the sheets 10, 14.
It is to be appreciated that the shape of the containers produced in the laminate 16 is not in essence to the present invention; the container shape is indicated by the shape of the moulds in which the containers are formed. The resulting con-tainers are very suitable for containing foodstuffs, medicines, liquids and the like which must be sealed from the atmosphere and moisture, the inner liner or coating of the A.B.S. preventing the ingress of moisture or atmosphere. - `
In an alternative arrangement, instead of providing a roll of A.B.S. the A.B.S. is extruded from another extruder and the polystyrene and A.B.S. extrudates, whilst still soft, are brought together to form the laminate. Slightly different -shrinkage rates upon cooling of the polystyrene and A.B.S. may ; assist the adherence together of the webs. This laminate can be used for producing containers as described without further treat-ment, but if the containers are to contain material or items which must be protected from the atmosphere and/or moisture .
.. .
' ' ~OSZ962 1 there will usually be a third layer to the laminate, as described above, and at the opposite side of the A.B.S. from the poly-styrene which will have the necessary impermeability characteristic or characteristics. This third layer may be a coating or sheet of SARAN, polyethylene polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Furthering in any of the arrangements of the convention, ~
the polystyrene may be replaced by polyethylene. -; The main advantage of utilizing A.B.S. is that it is ~ -relatively cheap as compared to the previous materials we have ~
10 used for this purpose. ~ ;
;. ' "
" , ' ' '' -~, .,,, , , ~ .
' ~ .
- .', .
~20 ' `.
.~ .
: - `
r- . ' ' , '
Claims (10)
1. A method for the manufacture of thin walled containers comprising the steps of forming the containers in and removing the containers from a laminate including a base sheet of poly-styrene,polypropylene or polyethylene and a sheets of acrylo-nitrile butadiene styrene adhered thereto in such a manner that after the formed containers are removed from the laminate, the polystyrene, polypropylene or polyethylene remaining can be readily separated from the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene so that the remainer of the polystyrene, polypropylene or polyethylene can be reused.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base sheet is extruded in web form and the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is applied thereto whilst the polystyrene is still soft.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the acrylo-nitrile butadiene styrene sheet is in web form and is continuously applied to the base web from a roll of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene web.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene sheet is in extruded web form which is applied to the base web whilst the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene web is still soft.
5. The method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the base web and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene web are pressed together by a pair of nip rollers to exclude air from therebetween.
6. The method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the containers are formed in the laminate by a vacuum forming process.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the base sheet and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene sheet are adhered together by electrostatic attraction.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the remainder of the base sheet after removal of the containers is separated from the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by elec-trically destroying the electrostatic attraction.
9. A method according to claim 2 wherein the laminate includes a layer at the opposite side of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene sheet from the base sheet which layer is of a gas and/or water impermeable material.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said layer is a sheet or coating of SARAN, polypropylene or polyethylene.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3711673A GB1436875A (en) | 1973-08-04 | 1973-08-04 | Manufacture of thin walled containers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1052962A true CA1052962A (en) | 1979-04-24 |
Family
ID=10393863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA206,194A Expired CA1052962A (en) | 1973-08-04 | 1974-08-02 | Manufacture of thin walled containers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE818444R (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1052962A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2437421A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1436875A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7410203A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7409979L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2153287B (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1988-10-26 | Unilever Plc | Containers |
| US5318824A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1994-06-07 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Packaging structure |
| IT1281635B1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1998-02-20 | Antonio Riglietti | METHOD OF CREATION OF DISPOSABLE MULTI-LAYER CONTAINERS, PARTICULARLY FOR PERISHABLE AND/OR AGGRESSIVE SUBSTANCES, AS WELL AS |
| IES69368B2 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1996-09-04 | Conran John | A preserving device |
| FR2832954A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-06 | Gaillon | A multilayer thermoplastic sheet or plate material for the production of thermoformed articles comprises external polyolefin layers and an internal layer comprising a styrene compound mixed with polyolefin |
-
1973
- 1973-08-04 GB GB3711673A patent/GB1436875A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-07-29 NL NL7410203A patent/NL7410203A/en unknown
- 1974-08-02 BE BE147247A patent/BE818444R/en active
- 1974-08-02 CA CA206,194A patent/CA1052962A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-02 DE DE2437421A patent/DE2437421A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-08-02 SE SE7409979A patent/SE7409979L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE818444R (en) | 1974-12-02 |
| NL7410203A (en) | 1975-02-06 |
| GB1436875A (en) | 1976-05-26 |
| DE2437421A1 (en) | 1975-02-20 |
| SE7409979L (en) | 1975-02-05 |
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