CA1051252A - Electron radiograph receptor - Google Patents

Electron radiograph receptor

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Publication number
CA1051252A
CA1051252A CA201,894A CA201894A CA1051252A CA 1051252 A CA1051252 A CA 1051252A CA 201894 A CA201894 A CA 201894A CA 1051252 A CA1051252 A CA 1051252A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
layer
receptor sheet
conducting layer
conducting
receptor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA201,894A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA201894S (en
Inventor
Murray S. Welkowsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xonics Inc
Original Assignee
Xonics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xonics Inc filed Critical Xonics Inc
Priority to CA201,894A priority Critical patent/CA1051252A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1051252A publication Critical patent/CA1051252A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A receptor sheet for use with an electron-radiography system and having a relatively thick core layer bonded between a relatively thin image carrier layer and a relatively thin antistatic conducting layer. The antistatic layer receives and retains on its exposed face electrostatic charges generated externally of the sheet. The antistatic electrical conducting layer has a resistivity not more than about 1012 ohms per square unit of area.

Description

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This invention relates to a new and improved dielec-tric receptor sheet of the type used in electronradiography systems. A typical system which provides for the creation of X-ray images is described in Canadian Patent 984,894 of Munt7 et al, issued March 2, 1976, entitled RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS
WITH XEROGRAPHIC PRINTING, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. In such a system, an X-ray opaque gas at high pressure is utilized between electrodes in an imaging chamber to produce a photoelectric current within that chamber as a function of X-rays entering the chamber.
The current is collected on a receptor sheet placed on one of the electrodes, resulting in a latent electrostatic image on the sheet. This latent image is then made visible by developing and fixing, following conventional xerographic techniques.
There are several characteristics which the receptor sheet in an electronradiographic system should have. First, the material of the receptor exposed to the latent image charge should have sufficient resistivity to hold that charge without diffusion along the receptor surface, since diffusion results in blurring of the image. Secondly, one surface of the receptor should be conductinq. This conducting surface allows the in-;`, duced charge in the electrode to transfer to the back of the
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1 receptor, thus preventing electric~l breakdown from the electrode 2 to the charge receptor as the receptor i8 removed from the imag-
3 ing chamber. Thirdly, the surface of the receptor which accepts
4 the im~ge charge should be such as to permit strong bonding of the toner to that surface. Finally, the receptor should be of suf-6 ficient rigidity to allow ease of handling by radiologists, while 7 also belng transp~rent for viewing the resultant image on light 8 boxes.
9 In the past, a plastic dielectric sheet has been used as the receptor, e. g., a polyester such a~ Mylar. However this 11 type of m~terial has only the first and last of the characteristics lZ discussed above. Coatings mu~t be applied to such plastic sheets 13 to obtain a conducting surface and to obtain a surface which 14 csuses the toner to adhere strongly. An aluminum backed poly-ester sheet has been suggested as a receptor. However this 16 material scratches easily and does not stretch, the latter being 17 a req~irement of some importance in spherical imaging chambers.
18 .~everal antistat~c agents have been utilized as a conductive 19 coating, but these are tacky and humidity sensitive and require interleaving between the receptor sheets.
21 The present invention is directed to a new and improved 22 multilayer receptor sheet which has all of the characteristics 23 discussed above and which permits optimum fixing of the toner 24 by both of the presently preferred methods, namely heat fixing and lamination. The receptor sheet of the present invention . ' ~1 3 .3 1051;~5'~
for positioning at an electrode of an imaging chamber to produce an electron-radiogram, consists essentially of a relatively thick optically transparent dielectric plastic core layer of substantially constant resistivity arranged in contiguous relation between a relatively thin optically transparent dielectric plastic image carrier layer and an an-tistatic electrical conducting layer. The image carrier layer has a substantially constant high resistivity for receiving on its exposed face an electrostatic image of charges generated externally of the sheet and retaining the charge image while in contact with the core layer and exposed to light. The antistatic electrical conducting layer has a substantially constant resistivity not more than about 10l2 ohms per square ~nit of area.
The advantages, features a~d results ~ill more fully appear in the course of the following description. The single figure of the drawing is a perspective view of a receptor sheet incorporating the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, with the thickness exaggerated for illustrative purposes.
Referring to the drawing, the receptor sheet 10 has a core layer ll bonded between an image carrier layer 12 and a conducting layer 13. The core layer ll is formed of a re-latively thick transpare~t dielectric plastic preferably in the range of 5 to lO mils thick and typically about 7 mils thic~. The image carrier layer 12 is formed of a relatively thin dielectric plastic in the order of l mil thick. The conducting layer 13 is an antistatic material. The core layer ll serves as the primary support for the receptor and has the rigidity to allow ease of handling of the finished picture while at the same time being highly transparent for ease of viewing, with the core layer preferably being about 5 to 15 _ 4 _ 1051ZS'~
times as thick as the carrier layer.
The conducting layer 13 may be transparent and fixed to the core layer 11, or may be opaque and separable from the core layer. When fixed to the core layer, the conducting layer (~ - 4a - .

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l should be relatively thin, typically in the order o~ 1/2 to 1 2 mil thick. A separable conducting layer, either op~que or 3 transparent, may be thicker, typlcally in the range of 5 to 10 4 mlls thick.
6 The core layer 11 may be a polyester plastic or a 6 polycarbonate plastic selected for its relative stiffness and 7 transparency~ The polycarbonate plastic is clearer than the 8 polyester plastic but is more flexible, and the polyester plas-g tic ls preferred. Mylar and Lexan are exa~ples of ~uitable polyester and polycarbonate plastics, respectively; of course, ll the other polyester and polycarbonate plastics are equally suitable.
12 The image carrier layer 12 is selected for excellent 13 dielectric properties and ~ood bonding to the toner used in de-14 veloping the latent electrostatic image. Prior to fixing the toner, the ~mage carrier layer should be sotened, permit~ing the toner 16 to be encapsulated or forced into the carrier during the fixing 17 process without spreading of the toner. In a typical fixing 18 ~rocess, the receptor and toner are heated and pressuxe is 19 applied, forcing the toner into the softened plastic. When the plastic cools and hardens the toner remains encapsulated, pro-21 viding excellent toner adhesion. For this process the layer 12 22 should soften at a temperature lower than that at which the toner 231 softens and lower than that at which the core layer softens. In 241 an alternative process, sometimes referred to as vapor fusing, a ~olvent is used to soften the carrier layer prlor to the appli-26 c~tion of pressure for forcing the toner into the carrler.

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1 Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used in vapor fusing and the layer 2 12 8hould be capable o being softened by the vspor while the 3 core i8 substantlally unaffected.
4 A polyethylene plastic such as is used for the prior ~ art receptor sheet ls preferred for the image carrier layer 12.
6 Alternatively, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride acetate, and poly-q ester adhesive may be utilized. Polystyrene has prop~rties 8 similar to that of polyethylene but is somewhat more brittle.
- Polyvinylchloride acetate and polyester adhesive have lower melting points than the polyester and polycarbonate preferred 11 for the core layer 11.
12 In an alternative fixing process, another plastic 13 sheet is lamina~ed onto the receptor sheet with the toner thereon.
14 In this type of fixing, the quality of the resultant radiogram is a function of the bonding of the additional plastic sheet to 16 the receptor sheet~ with polyethylene plastic ordinarily being 17 used as the ,additional laminating sheet. With polyethylene 18 plastic used as the image carrier layer 12, an excellent bo~d 19 i8 obtained between the two polyethylene sheets.
The conducting layer 13 includes an antistatic agent 21 whlch provides electrical conductivity along the layer. Prefer-22 ably the layer 13 will have a resistivi~y in the order of 109 23 to 10 ohms per square. There are a variety of antistatic 24 ¦ agents available and a large number are listed in Modern Plastics 25Encyclopedia 1972-1973 pa~es 446-449. The layer 13 may be a 26 l 226~

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1 coating or fllnt of an antistatic ag~nt on the core layer, or 2 may b~ in the form of a plastic sheet, such as polyethylene 3 plastic, with the ant~static agent substantially uniformly dis-4 tributed throughout the bulk of t~e layer. The antiststic plastic ~ sheets are available from various sources and one typical suitable 6 mate~ial is antistatic polyethylene available from Richmond CorpO
7 Some antistatic agents become tacky under adverse conditions of 8 humidlty and/or temperature, requiring control of t~e environment 9 during storage and use of the receptor sheet or the use of inter-leaving. The plastic sheets with the antistatic agent therein 11 are not tacky and do not require interleaving, and are substan-12 tially insensitive to humidity.
13 The conduding layer 13 may be permanently fixed to 14 the core layer 11 or may be separable from the core layer, with ~eparation occurring after image ~ormation or after developing 16 and fixing. When the conducting layer is a permanent part of 17 the rec~ptor, it must o~ course be t~nsparent. However there 18 Js no such transparency requirements when the conducting layer 19 i8 separated from the remainder of the receptor after image forma-tion and prior t~ viewing. The specific examples for the con-21 ducting layer given in the preceding paragraph provlde a trans-22 parent conducting layer. Conducting paper and carbon impregnated 23 plastics such as carbcn impregnated polyethylene are su~table 24 for an opaque conducting layer. ~onducting papers are avail-able from Kimberly-Clark and carbon impregnated plastics are 27 available from Custom Material, Inc.
28 ;
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. ~
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1 The receptor sheet 10 compr~slng the three layers 11, 2 12, and 13 may be manufactured by laminating three ~ndividual 3 sheets bonded with a transparent adhe~ive, typically a polyester 4 adhes-ve. In an alternative method of production, the outer 6 layers 12 and 13 may be appl~ed as liquid coat~ngs onto a sheet 6 of the core layer 11, following conventional plastic production 7 techniques. A separable conduet~ng layer m~y be laminated to the 8 core layer by a peelable adhesive which should be applied in a 9 uniform layer. Desirably, the adhesive should have much greater affinity for the conducting layer than for the core layer so ll that ~pon separation, the adhesive will remain with the conduct-12 ing layer. ~
13 In use, the receptox 10 is placed in the imaging chamber, 14 with the layer 13 on one of the electrodes. During the X-ray exposure, an electrostatic charge image is produced at the sur-16 face of the layer 12. The receptor 10 is then removed from the 17 imaging chamber) ready for v~sual image developing and fixing.

1.

Claims (19)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A three layer receptor sheet for positioning at an electrode of an imaging chamber to produce an electron-radiogram, consisting essentially of a relatively thick opti-cally transparent dielectric plastic core layer of substantially constant resistivity arranged in contiguous relation between a relatively thin optically transparent dielectric plastic image carrier layer and an antistatic electrical conducting layer with said image carrier layer having a substantially constant high resistivity for receiving on its exposed face an electro-static image of charges generated externally of the sheet and retaining said charge image while in contact with said core layer and exposed to light,and with said antistatic electrical conducting layer having a substantially constant resistivity not more than about 1012 ohms per square unit of area.
2. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said core layer is a polyester or polycarbonate film.
3. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said carrier layer is a polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl-chloride acetate or polyester adhesive film.
4. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer includes an antistatic agent and has a resistivity in the order of 109 to 1012 ohms per square unit of area.
5. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is an antistatic agent film.
6. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is a plastic film with an antistatic agent substantially uniformly distributed therethrough.
7. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is an antistatic polyethylene film.
8. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is relatively thin and said core layer is about 5 to 15 times as thick as said carrier layer and as said conducting layer.
9. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said core layer is a polyester film, said carrier layer is a polyethylene film, and said conducting layer is an antistatic agent film.
10. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 9 wherein said core layer is in the order of seven mils thick and said carrier and conducting layers are in the order of one mil thick each.
11. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said core layer is in the order of seven mils thick and said carrier and conducting layers are in the order of one mil thick each.
12. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is transparent.
13. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is opaque.
14. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is fixed to said core layer.
15. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is separable from said core layer.
16. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is a carbon impregnated plastic.
17. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is a carbon impregnated polyethylene.
18. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is a conducting paper.
19. A receptor sheet as defined in claim 1 wherein said conducting layer is separable from said core layer, with the thicknesses of said core and conducting layers of the same order of magnitude.
CA201,894A 1974-06-07 1974-06-07 Electron radiograph receptor Expired CA1051252A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA201,894A CA1051252A (en) 1974-06-07 1974-06-07 Electron radiograph receptor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA201,894A CA1051252A (en) 1974-06-07 1974-06-07 Electron radiograph receptor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1051252A true CA1051252A (en) 1979-03-27

Family

ID=4100316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA201,894A Expired CA1051252A (en) 1974-06-07 1974-06-07 Electron radiograph receptor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1051252A (en)

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