CA1050281A - Two-stage fluid bed reduction of manganese nodules - Google Patents
Two-stage fluid bed reduction of manganese nodulesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1050281A CA1050281A CA234,055A CA234055A CA1050281A CA 1050281 A CA1050281 A CA 1050281A CA 234055 A CA234055 A CA 234055A CA 1050281 A CA1050281 A CA 1050281A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- manganese
- set forth
- fluid bed
- nodules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FWABRVJYGBOLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium;azane;carbonate Chemical compound N.[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C([O-])=O FWABRVJYGBOLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010747 number 6 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- BSRKJFGTFRITNT-AYFQBXJRSA-N (7E)-5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxyiminododecan-6-ol 2-[4-[(Z)-hydroxyiminomethyl]phenyl]-5-nonylphenol Chemical group CCCCC(CC)C(O)C(=N\O)\C(CC)CCCC.CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(c(O)c1)-c1ccc(\C=N/O)cc1 BSRKJFGTFRITNT-AYFQBXJRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XURIQWBLYMJSLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CNCCNCCNCCN1 XURIQWBLYMJSLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003174 MnOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001163743 Perlodes Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 nic~el Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N raloxifene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCCC3)=CC=2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2S1 GZUITABIAKMVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/12—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions
- C22B3/14—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions containing ammonia or ammonium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
- C22B47/0018—Treating ocean floor nodules
- C22B47/0027—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
- C22B47/0018—Treating ocean floor nodules
- C22B47/0045—Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes
- C22B47/0054—Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes leaching processes
- C22B47/0072—Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes leaching processes with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
- C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/04—Manganese marine modules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Oceanography (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/500,493 US4044094A (en) | 1974-08-26 | 1974-08-26 | Two-stage fluid bed reduction of manganese nodules |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1050281A true CA1050281A (en) | 1979-03-13 |
Family
ID=23989657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA234,055A Expired CA1050281A (en) | 1974-08-26 | 1975-08-25 | Two-stage fluid bed reduction of manganese nodules |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4044094A (esLanguage) |
| JP (1) | JPS5150203A (esLanguage) |
| AU (1) | AU503630B2 (esLanguage) |
| CA (1) | CA1050281A (esLanguage) |
| DE (1) | DE2537940A1 (esLanguage) |
| FR (1) | FR2283235A1 (esLanguage) |
| GB (1) | GB1510026A (esLanguage) |
| ZA (1) | ZA755336B (esLanguage) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4261737A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-04-14 | Uop Inc. | Recovery of cobalt values |
| JPS5812306A (ja) * | 1981-07-16 | 1983-01-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 酸化物電圧非直線抵抗体及びその製造方法 |
| DE3540541A1 (de) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-05-21 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur reduktion von hoeheren metalloxiden zu niedrigen metalloxiden |
| AU776180B2 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2004-09-02 | Tosoh Corporation | Treated manganese ore, process for producing the same, and use thereof |
| DE10260731B4 (de) | 2002-12-23 | 2005-04-14 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen |
| DE10260734B4 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-05-04 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Schwelkoks |
| DE10260739B3 (de) | 2002-12-23 | 2004-09-16 | Outokumpu Oy | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Metalloxid aus Metallverbindungen |
| DE10260741A1 (de) | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-08 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen |
| DE10260738A1 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-15 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Förderung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen |
| DE10260733B4 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2010-08-12 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen |
| DE10260737B4 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-06-30 | Outokumpu Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von titanhaltigen Feststoffen |
| DE102004042430A1 (de) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Outokumpu Oyj | Wirbelschichtreaktor zum thermischen Behandeln von wirbelfähigen Substanzen in einem mikrowellenbeheizten Wirbelbett |
| CN101475219B (zh) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-12-29 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种粉状二氧化锰矿石流态化还原方法 |
| CN102363837B (zh) * | 2011-11-14 | 2015-11-18 | 深圳市中科九台资源利用科技产业股份有限公司 | 一种粉状氧化锰矿流态化低温还原方法 |
| DE102016104738A1 (de) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von körnigen Feststoffen |
| CN111362306B (zh) * | 2020-03-20 | 2022-06-17 | 湖南特种金属材料有限责任公司 | 一种球形多孔四氧化三锰的制备方法及其制备设备 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR955384A (esLanguage) * | 1950-01-14 | |||
| US1349322A (en) * | 1918-09-23 | 1920-08-10 | Research Corp | Process of treating oxid ores of manganese |
| US2310258A (en) * | 1941-08-11 | 1943-02-09 | Riveroll Elfego | Process for recovering manganese from ore |
| US2481217A (en) * | 1947-06-03 | 1949-09-06 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process for a two-stage gaseous reduction of iron ore |
| US3246978A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1966-04-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Fluid bed process |
| US3375097A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1968-03-26 | Manganese Chemicals Corp | Reducing to mno the mno2 of a manganese ore |
| US3471285A (en) * | 1967-03-27 | 1969-10-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for the selective recovery of manganese and iron from ores |
| US3615340A (en) * | 1968-11-18 | 1971-10-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Quenching and passivation of particulate metals |
| US3644114A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-02-22 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Method for leaching reduced laterite ores |
| US3736125A (en) * | 1970-07-16 | 1973-05-29 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Two stage selective leaching of copper and nickel from complex ore |
| US3734715A (en) * | 1970-07-16 | 1973-05-22 | Kennocott Copper Corp | Extraction of metal values from complex ores |
| US3753686A (en) * | 1970-07-16 | 1973-08-21 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Recovery of copper, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum from complex ores |
| US3714326A (en) * | 1971-05-17 | 1973-01-30 | Freeport Minerals Co | Recovery of nickel and cobalt from reduced nickeliferous ores |
| US3751554A (en) * | 1971-08-19 | 1973-08-07 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Process for the extraction of nickel,copper and cobalt from manganiferous ores |
| US3860689A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1975-01-14 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Process for treating high magnesium nickeliferous laterites and garnierites |
-
1974
- 1974-08-26 US US05/500,493 patent/US4044094A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-08-20 GB GB34513/75A patent/GB1510026A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-20 ZA ZA00755336A patent/ZA755336B/xx unknown
- 1975-08-22 AU AU84216/75A patent/AU503630B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-25 CA CA234,055A patent/CA1050281A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-26 JP JP50103381A patent/JPS5150203A/ja active Pending
- 1975-08-26 DE DE19752537940 patent/DE2537940A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-08-26 FR FR7526298A patent/FR2283235A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2283235A1 (fr) | 1976-03-26 |
| ZA755336B (en) | 1976-07-28 |
| FR2283235B1 (esLanguage) | 1979-06-15 |
| AU503630B2 (en) | 1979-09-13 |
| AU8421675A (en) | 1977-02-24 |
| GB1510026A (en) | 1978-05-10 |
| US4044094A (en) | 1977-08-23 |
| JPS5150203A (en) | 1976-05-01 |
| DE2537940A1 (de) | 1976-03-11 |
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