CA1048276A - Manufacture of cast iron - Google Patents
Manufacture of cast ironInfo
- Publication number
- CA1048276A CA1048276A CA75223793A CA223793A CA1048276A CA 1048276 A CA1048276 A CA 1048276A CA 75223793 A CA75223793 A CA 75223793A CA 223793 A CA223793 A CA 223793A CA 1048276 A CA1048276 A CA 1048276A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compartment
- cast iron
- molten metal
- vessel
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A ladle for molten metal treatment, e.g. nodularising cast iron, is described. Treatment agent is located in a compartment on the side of a cylindrical molten metal-containing compartment, rotatable about its axis. A refractory grid is interposed between the compartment. Treatment is effected by rotating the cylindrical compartment.
A ladle for molten metal treatment, e.g. nodularising cast iron, is described. Treatment agent is located in a compartment on the side of a cylindrical molten metal-containing compartment, rotatable about its axis. A refractory grid is interposed between the compartment. Treatment is effected by rotating the cylindrical compartment.
Description
'~76 This invention xelates to the manufac~ure of cast iron.
A known process in the manufacture of cast iron -~
is to subject the iron shortly before casting to a treatment ,~
process which converts the graphite in the iron to nodular form on solidification. The treatment is known as nodular-ising. Such cast iron, known as spheroidal graphite cast iron (S.G. cast iran) is of improved properties for many pur-poses compared to grey cast iron.
A n~ er o~ treatment agents are known for this,pur-pose and a number of processes, ha~e~,been^~deve,lo~ed~in,~th,e.pa~t '~
for carrying it out. -, One known process is the so-called "sandwich" pro-cess in which a magnesium ferrosi1icon alloy is used. Chunks of such an alloy are placed in the bottom of a cylindrical treatment vessel, generally 1.5 to 2 times higher than it is wide and some pieces of steel sheet are placed on the base of ~ ~
the vessel to hold the alloy down. Molten cast iron is then ~ , poured into the vessel which causes the magnesium ~errosilicon ~ -alloy to melt giving the desired nodularising treatment. The metal is then usually transferred to a casting ladle *or final casting and in which it may be inoculated using fer~osilicon to aid in controlling the form and distribution of the ~raphite on solidifi¢ation.
This known process, while simple, has a number of disadvantages. The success is very dependent on the exact weight ration between the molten cast iron being treated and the quantity of magnesium fer,rosilico~ alloy and this leads to difficulties in practice, particularly in respect of metering the quantity of cast iron used in each case. In
A known process in the manufacture of cast iron -~
is to subject the iron shortly before casting to a treatment ,~
process which converts the graphite in the iron to nodular form on solidification. The treatment is known as nodular-ising. Such cast iron, known as spheroidal graphite cast iron (S.G. cast iran) is of improved properties for many pur-poses compared to grey cast iron.
A n~ er o~ treatment agents are known for this,pur-pose and a number of processes, ha~e~,been^~deve,lo~ed~in,~th,e.pa~t '~
for carrying it out. -, One known process is the so-called "sandwich" pro-cess in which a magnesium ferrosi1icon alloy is used. Chunks of such an alloy are placed in the bottom of a cylindrical treatment vessel, generally 1.5 to 2 times higher than it is wide and some pieces of steel sheet are placed on the base of ~ ~
the vessel to hold the alloy down. Molten cast iron is then ~ , poured into the vessel which causes the magnesium ~errosilicon ~ -alloy to melt giving the desired nodularising treatment. The metal is then usually transferred to a casting ladle *or final casting and in which it may be inoculated using fer~osilicon to aid in controlling the form and distribution of the ~raphite on solidifi¢ation.
This known process, while simple, has a number of disadvantages. The success is very dependent on the exact weight ration between the molten cast iron being treated and the quantity of magnesium fer,rosilico~ alloy and this leads to difficulties in practice, particularly in respect of metering the quantity of cast iron used in each case. In
- 2 -, ~:
,vw~i~
order to ensure appropriate metering, it may be necessary to use a further ladle between the furnace or the like and the treatment ladle and this proliferation of holding and treat-ment vessels leads to considerable temperature losses from the molten metal. , A further disadvantage of this known process is the build-up of silicon in the molten cast iron from the magne~
sium ferrosilicon alloy, which generally contains about 45%
by weight of silicon. Because of this~ one must either work with in:itially very low silicon cast iron which may be diffi- -`
.
cult ~o obtain or, alternatively, care must be taken to see that the final silicon content does not exceed the prescribed level for the product in ~uestion.
A further disadvantage is that aluminium contained in the magnesium ferrosilicon leads to a tendency to pinholing in the final castingsl aggravated by the long time period between tapping the molten metal from the furnace and casting it, which problem is ~urther aggravated by surface oxidation and temperature loss~
More recently there has been developed a process of nodularising molten cast iron using magnesium in the form of metallurgical coke impregnated with magnesium metal. If such material is brought into contact with molten cast iron, the ~;
magnesium metal vapourises and effects the required nodular~
ising treatment and the co~e simply remains as an inert ;
carrier~ No silicon is introduced by this process and normal cast iron, which already contains a proportion of silicon, can accordingly be used without fear of exceeding the speci-.
fied silicon content in the final metal.
One dlsadvantage of this more recent method is the
,vw~i~
order to ensure appropriate metering, it may be necessary to use a further ladle between the furnace or the like and the treatment ladle and this proliferation of holding and treat-ment vessels leads to considerable temperature losses from the molten metal. , A further disadvantage of this known process is the build-up of silicon in the molten cast iron from the magne~
sium ferrosilicon alloy, which generally contains about 45%
by weight of silicon. Because of this~ one must either work with in:itially very low silicon cast iron which may be diffi- -`
.
cult ~o obtain or, alternatively, care must be taken to see that the final silicon content does not exceed the prescribed level for the product in ~uestion.
A further disadvantage is that aluminium contained in the magnesium ferrosilicon leads to a tendency to pinholing in the final castingsl aggravated by the long time period between tapping the molten metal from the furnace and casting it, which problem is ~urther aggravated by surface oxidation and temperature loss~
More recently there has been developed a process of nodularising molten cast iron using magnesium in the form of metallurgical coke impregnated with magnesium metal. If such material is brought into contact with molten cast iron, the ~;
magnesium metal vapourises and effects the required nodular~
ising treatment and the co~e simply remains as an inert ;
carrier~ No silicon is introduced by this process and normal cast iron, which already contains a proportion of silicon, can accordingly be used without fear of exceeding the speci-.
fied silicon content in the final metal.
One dlsadvantage of this more recent method is the
- 3 -.... . . . .. . " - , ..
~ow density of magnesium impregn~ted coke~ The material needs to be held down in the molten metal being tr~ated, e.g.
by mounting it on the end of a pole, in a plunging bell or in some other container. A further disadvantage of this more recent process is that it is difficult to carry out effec~
tively with very small or very large quantities of molten cast iron and that the use of the cold magnesium-impregnated coke leads to an undesirable chilling of the moten metal being treated. Though ~he preferred method of immersing mag-nesium-impregnated coke is to use a graphite plunger rod or bell, such rods or bells are difficul~ to manufacture, expen-sive and easily broken.
; According to one feature of the present invention there is provided apparatus for treating molten metals which comprises a refractory lined vessel having a generally cylin-drical compartment for receiving molten metal, the axis of the cylinder being horizontal and ~he cylinder being mounted for rotation substantially about that axis and a second com-partment for receiving molten metal treatmènt agent, mounted ~n one side of the cylinder and separated rom the interior of the cylinder by a refractory grid, the vessel being so constructed and mounted that it can be swung from a position in which molten metal in its respective compartment does not contact the treatment agent in the other compartment, to a position in which it does make contact therewith.
Preferably on the side of the cylinder generally op-posite the second compartment there is a filling and~or pour-ing spout for molten metal.
The apparatus is of particular value in the manufac- -ture of cast iron and accordingly the present invention speci-f~t6 tically provides a method of making nodular cast iron which comprises locating in one compartment of a vessel as defined abovP a quantity of magnesi.um-impr~gnated coke, pouring molten cast iron into the other compartment, causing the molten cast iron to pass through the refractory grid, contact the magne~
sium-impregnated coke and thereby release magnesium vapour into the body of ~he metal and removing the molten metal from the vessel.
Preferably the cast iron introduced into one compart~
ment of a container is caused to enter the compartment by swinging the vessel about its axis so that molten me~al ini-tially charged into the one compartment flows into the compart- ~:
ment containing the magnesium-impregnated coke.
The invention is illustrated by way of example with !reference to the accompanying draw~ngs, in which~
Figure 1 is a side view of a treatment apparatus according to the present inventionj ~ ~ -Figure 2 is a front view of the apparatus of Figure 1, ~?
Figure 3 is a section through lines 3/3 of Figure 2, ~ :
Figure 4 is a section on lines 4~4 of Figure 3, Figure S is a plan view of the lid to the magnesium-impregnated coke compartment and ~ ~
Figure 6 is a partial section along the lines 6/6 of ~. .
Figure 5.
Referring to the drawings, the treatment apparatus ;~
comprises a generally cylindrical treatment vessel 1, which may be supported on a suitable crane hook 2 by means of exter nal-axial spigots 3. On one side o~.container.l is a filling .
and pouring spout 4 while generally opp~site~spout 4 is a com- ~
partment 5.provided-with a lid:6 and-.:mea~s for holding the. lid ~ : .
: `:
- 5 ~
, ~ . ' ' Z'7~i ~hut ~. Between compartment 5 and th~ inside of container 1 is a refractory grid 9. The interior o~ container 1 and com-partment 5 are lined with refractory 10.
In use, treatment agent such as magnesium-impregnated S coke is first placed into compartment 5 and the lid securely fixed in place and the ~essel is then filled via spou~ 4 with molten metal to be treated. When the vessel is approxi-mately half full, it is rotated anti-clockwise as seen in Figure 1, so that the mol~en metal flows into the compartment 1, through the grid 9 separating compartment 5 from the main container and clearest seen in Figure 4, to contact the mol-ten metal treatment agent and effect the nodularising treat-ment. After nodularising has finished, the vessel is rotated clockwise as seen in Figure 1 until the molten metal is poured from spout 4 into an appropriate casting ladle located beneath. Meanwhile, or shortly thereafter, compartment 7 may be opened by raising lid 6, the spent treatment agent re-moved and fresh treatment agent repositioned therein. O~
rotation slightly anti-clockwise, e.g. through about 30, the vessel is ready for a further casting cycle.
It will be observed that the vessel remains hot throughout and that the only heating necessary is that of the trQatment agent itself, all of which does not lead to very much chilling of the mo-lten metal being treated.
The treatment agent should of course be present in sufficiently large lumps that pieces do not pass through the -' , grid and into the main container. ~-Because of the closed nature of the treatment vessel, defects arising from surace oxidation of the molten ~e~al are -;~
minimised.
.
The apparatus i5 of value not only in the nodularisa-tion of molten cast iron as specifically described above, but also in analogous processes, for example, desu~phurisation, :
and in the treatment of molten cast iron with other treat~
ment agents.
l'he details of construction of the apparatus are those normally employed in molten metal treatment and handling vessels and are well known to those active in the field of such apparatus. ;
~. ' :', '; ~ ' ', ;'; ' ~:' - 7 - ~
~ow density of magnesium impregn~ted coke~ The material needs to be held down in the molten metal being tr~ated, e.g.
by mounting it on the end of a pole, in a plunging bell or in some other container. A further disadvantage of this more recent process is that it is difficult to carry out effec~
tively with very small or very large quantities of molten cast iron and that the use of the cold magnesium-impregnated coke leads to an undesirable chilling of the moten metal being treated. Though ~he preferred method of immersing mag-nesium-impregnated coke is to use a graphite plunger rod or bell, such rods or bells are difficul~ to manufacture, expen-sive and easily broken.
; According to one feature of the present invention there is provided apparatus for treating molten metals which comprises a refractory lined vessel having a generally cylin-drical compartment for receiving molten metal, the axis of the cylinder being horizontal and ~he cylinder being mounted for rotation substantially about that axis and a second com-partment for receiving molten metal treatmènt agent, mounted ~n one side of the cylinder and separated rom the interior of the cylinder by a refractory grid, the vessel being so constructed and mounted that it can be swung from a position in which molten metal in its respective compartment does not contact the treatment agent in the other compartment, to a position in which it does make contact therewith.
Preferably on the side of the cylinder generally op-posite the second compartment there is a filling and~or pour-ing spout for molten metal.
The apparatus is of particular value in the manufac- -ture of cast iron and accordingly the present invention speci-f~t6 tically provides a method of making nodular cast iron which comprises locating in one compartment of a vessel as defined abovP a quantity of magnesi.um-impr~gnated coke, pouring molten cast iron into the other compartment, causing the molten cast iron to pass through the refractory grid, contact the magne~
sium-impregnated coke and thereby release magnesium vapour into the body of ~he metal and removing the molten metal from the vessel.
Preferably the cast iron introduced into one compart~
ment of a container is caused to enter the compartment by swinging the vessel about its axis so that molten me~al ini-tially charged into the one compartment flows into the compart- ~:
ment containing the magnesium-impregnated coke.
The invention is illustrated by way of example with !reference to the accompanying draw~ngs, in which~
Figure 1 is a side view of a treatment apparatus according to the present inventionj ~ ~ -Figure 2 is a front view of the apparatus of Figure 1, ~?
Figure 3 is a section through lines 3/3 of Figure 2, ~ :
Figure 4 is a section on lines 4~4 of Figure 3, Figure S is a plan view of the lid to the magnesium-impregnated coke compartment and ~ ~
Figure 6 is a partial section along the lines 6/6 of ~. .
Figure 5.
Referring to the drawings, the treatment apparatus ;~
comprises a generally cylindrical treatment vessel 1, which may be supported on a suitable crane hook 2 by means of exter nal-axial spigots 3. On one side o~.container.l is a filling .
and pouring spout 4 while generally opp~site~spout 4 is a com- ~
partment 5.provided-with a lid:6 and-.:mea~s for holding the. lid ~ : .
: `:
- 5 ~
, ~ . ' ' Z'7~i ~hut ~. Between compartment 5 and th~ inside of container 1 is a refractory grid 9. The interior o~ container 1 and com-partment 5 are lined with refractory 10.
In use, treatment agent such as magnesium-impregnated S coke is first placed into compartment 5 and the lid securely fixed in place and the ~essel is then filled via spou~ 4 with molten metal to be treated. When the vessel is approxi-mately half full, it is rotated anti-clockwise as seen in Figure 1, so that the mol~en metal flows into the compartment 1, through the grid 9 separating compartment 5 from the main container and clearest seen in Figure 4, to contact the mol-ten metal treatment agent and effect the nodularising treat-ment. After nodularising has finished, the vessel is rotated clockwise as seen in Figure 1 until the molten metal is poured from spout 4 into an appropriate casting ladle located beneath. Meanwhile, or shortly thereafter, compartment 7 may be opened by raising lid 6, the spent treatment agent re-moved and fresh treatment agent repositioned therein. O~
rotation slightly anti-clockwise, e.g. through about 30, the vessel is ready for a further casting cycle.
It will be observed that the vessel remains hot throughout and that the only heating necessary is that of the trQatment agent itself, all of which does not lead to very much chilling of the mo-lten metal being treated.
The treatment agent should of course be present in sufficiently large lumps that pieces do not pass through the -' , grid and into the main container. ~-Because of the closed nature of the treatment vessel, defects arising from surace oxidation of the molten ~e~al are -;~
minimised.
.
The apparatus i5 of value not only in the nodularisa-tion of molten cast iron as specifically described above, but also in analogous processes, for example, desu~phurisation, :
and in the treatment of molten cast iron with other treat~
ment agents.
l'he details of construction of the apparatus are those normally employed in molten metal treatment and handling vessels and are well known to those active in the field of such apparatus. ;
~. ' :', '; ~ ' ', ;'; ' ~:' - 7 - ~
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for treating molten metals which comprises a refractory lined vessel having a generally cylindrical compartment for receiving molten metal, the axis of the cylinder being horizontal and the cylinder being mounted for rotation substantially about that axis and a second compartment for receiving molten metal treatment agent, mounted on one side of the cylinder and separated from the interior of the cylinder by a refractory grid, the vessel being so constructed and mounted that it can be swung from a position in which molten metal in its respective compartment does not contact the treatment agent in the other compartment, to a position in which it does make contact therewith.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein on the side of the cylinder generally opposite the second compartment there is a filling and/or pouring spout for molten metal.
3. A method of making nodular cast iron which comprises locating in one compartment of a vessel according to claim 1, a quantity of magnesium-impregnated coke, pouring molten cast iron into the other compartment, causing the molten cast iron to pass through the refractory grid, contact the magnesium-impregnated coke and thereby release magnesium vapour into the body of the metal and removing the molten metal from the vessel.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the cast iron introduced into one compartment of a container is caused to enter the other compartment by swinging the vessel about its axis so that molten metal initially charged into the one compartment flows into the compartment containing the magnesium-impregnated coke.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR2666/74A BR7402666A (en) | 1974-04-04 | 1974-04-04 | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NODULAR CAST IRON |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1048276A true CA1048276A (en) | 1979-02-13 |
Family
ID=3932478
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA75223793A Expired CA1048276A (en) | 1974-04-04 | 1975-04-03 | Manufacture of cast iron |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5610962B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7402666A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1048276A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE7510432U (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1489837A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA752109B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10220439B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2019-03-05 | Kubota Corporation | Casting mold supporting structure, casting machine, method for producing cast product, casting mold, and molten metal supplying structure |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3105200A1 (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1983-01-20 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | TILTABLE VESSEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF CAST IRON |
| JP5898348B1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-04-06 | 株式会社クボタ | Molten metal supply structure, casting machine, and manufacturing method of casting |
| JP6097413B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社クボタ | Molten metal supply structure, casting machine, and manufacturing method of casting |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3414250A (en) * | 1967-07-31 | 1968-12-03 | American Cast Iron Pipe Co | Ladle for use in treatment of molten metal |
| DE1815214C3 (en) * | 1968-01-26 | 1975-06-19 | Georg Fischer Ag, Schaffhausen (Schweiz) | 03.12.68 Switzerland 17961-68 Tiltable treatment vessel for treating metal melts by introducing vaporizable additives, in particular for producing iron-carbon cast materials with spheroidal graphite by introducing pure magnesium into the melt contained in the vessel Georg Fischer AG, Schaffhausen (Switzerland) |
| JPS496968A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1974-01-22 | ||
| JPS5126478B2 (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1976-08-06 |
-
1974
- 1974-04-04 BR BR2666/74A patent/BR7402666A/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-03-26 GB GB12757/75A patent/GB1489837A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-02 JP JP4078775A patent/JPS5610962B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-04-03 DE DE7510432U patent/DE7510432U/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-03 ZA ZA00752109A patent/ZA752109B/en unknown
- 1975-04-03 CA CA75223793A patent/CA1048276A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-03 DE DE2514490A patent/DE2514490C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10220439B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2019-03-05 | Kubota Corporation | Casting mold supporting structure, casting machine, method for producing cast product, casting mold, and molten metal supplying structure |
| US10661336B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2020-05-26 | Kubota Corporation | Casting mold supporting structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5610962B2 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
| ZA752109B (en) | 1976-03-31 |
| DE2514490C2 (en) | 1982-01-21 |
| DE7510432U (en) | 1978-01-26 |
| DE2514490A1 (en) | 1975-10-23 |
| BR7402666A (en) | 1975-12-09 |
| JPS50140314A (en) | 1975-11-11 |
| GB1489837A (en) | 1977-10-26 |
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