CA1045600A - Elongate illuminator with window and end light sources - Google Patents
Elongate illuminator with window and end light sourcesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1045600A CA1045600A CA215,686A CA215686A CA1045600A CA 1045600 A CA1045600 A CA 1045600A CA 215686 A CA215686 A CA 215686A CA 1045600 A CA1045600 A CA 1045600A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lamps
- tubular envelope
- illuminator
- envelope
- radiant energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/10—Construction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
- G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
- G03B27/52—Details
- G03B27/54—Lamp housings; Illuminating means
- G03B27/542—Lamp housings; Illuminating means for copying cameras, reflex exposure lighting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
- G03G15/04036—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Light Sources And Details Of Projection-Printing Devices (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An illuminator comprising an elongated envelope having a narrow window extending at least substantially the length of the envelope arranged to reflect light out of said window, and light source means arranged to direct illumination into said envelope from both ends.
An illuminator comprising an elongated envelope having a narrow window extending at least substantially the length of the envelope arranged to reflect light out of said window, and light source means arranged to direct illumination into said envelope from both ends.
Description
~045600 The invention relates to illuminators particularly, -- though not exclusively, for use in copying machines.
At the present time there are a great number of applications where an illuminator is required which is safe to operate and is capable of providing a high intensity of illumination per unit volume. Further, in copying machines, for example, there is usually a requirement for an illuminator which is capable of providing illumination of substantially uniform intensity over a wide area. At the present time fluorescent lamps are commonly used in copying machines.
Proposals and some current modern machines use quartz-halogen lamps or illuminators of the type illustrated, for example, in U. S. Patent No. 3,211,938 in which a coiled element extends the length of quartz envelope containing 15 --~ ~--~ gaseous iodine. As is described in the mentioned patent, the lamp generates a great amount of heat as well as light, and causes, in its described configuration, difficulties of dissipating the heat and of the effect of heat on a mounted ; reflector, for example. Generally, whereas a quartz-halogen lamp of the type mentioned provides a high degree of illumina-j:
tion compared with a similar sized fluorescent lamp, it has certain drawbacks including difficulty of heat dissipation.
~ Such guartz-halogen lamps are also less robust mechanically i and in copying machines in particular, the lamp is often required to stand up to high levels of acceleration and deceleration of scanning mechanisms. A difficulty of satis-factorily mounting the filament is also experienced while r~taining uniform illumination output along the length of the lamp throughout the required lifetime of the lamp.
At the present time there are a great number of applications where an illuminator is required which is safe to operate and is capable of providing a high intensity of illumination per unit volume. Further, in copying machines, for example, there is usually a requirement for an illuminator which is capable of providing illumination of substantially uniform intensity over a wide area. At the present time fluorescent lamps are commonly used in copying machines.
Proposals and some current modern machines use quartz-halogen lamps or illuminators of the type illustrated, for example, in U. S. Patent No. 3,211,938 in which a coiled element extends the length of quartz envelope containing 15 --~ ~--~ gaseous iodine. As is described in the mentioned patent, the lamp generates a great amount of heat as well as light, and causes, in its described configuration, difficulties of dissipating the heat and of the effect of heat on a mounted ; reflector, for example. Generally, whereas a quartz-halogen lamp of the type mentioned provides a high degree of illumina-j:
tion compared with a similar sized fluorescent lamp, it has certain drawbacks including difficulty of heat dissipation.
~ Such guartz-halogen lamps are also less robust mechanically i and in copying machines in particular, the lamp is often required to stand up to high levels of acceleration and deceleration of scanning mechanisms. A difficulty of satis-factorily mounting the filament is also experienced while r~taining uniform illumination output along the length of the lamp throughout the required lifetime of the lamp.
-2-lC)45600 It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide an improved illuminator suitable for use in copying machines.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an illuminator including: an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective surface defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side : thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy and said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided an illuminator for a photocopying apparatus, including: an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective surface defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy ~nd said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
~n illuminator acco~din~ to the inventi~n will now f~, ~45600 be described by way of example with reference to the accom-panying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows schematically in section the illumination device; and Figure 2 shows view A-A of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, an elongated tubular envelope 10 is provided on its internal surface with diffuse reflective material 11 extending over the internal surface.
The envelope 10 substends an arc of 315 about its longi-tudinal axis (see Figure 2 where angle B = 45) to provide anarrow window 12 extending along the length of the envelope 10 through which light can pass. Window 12 is shown as a clear, open aperture for ease of illustration. Of course, window 12 might also be defined by a clear portion in a closed 360 ring of the envelope. At each end of the envelope 10, there is provided a quartz-halogen lamp 13 and 14, as sold under the trade mark "Atlas" type No. A1231 being rated at 12 volts and 100 watts. The lamps 13 and 14 are - releasably attached by means not shown to the envelope 10.
The lamps 13 and 14 have respective concave reflective f~
surfaces 13B and 14B, behind the filaments 13A and 14A, which direct light generally along the axis of the envelope 10.
In use, light radiates through the window 12 from the filaments 13A and 14A either directly or after single or multiple reflection within the envelope 10.
The lamps 13 and 14 are preferably matched where the illuminator is for use in electrostatographic copying machines especially those machines incorporating liquid development.
This ensures a high intensity and substantially uniform intensity of illumination output along the length of the window 12. In practiceO the lamps are tested as supplied and matched in pairs for equal or near equal output.
In the illuminator described, a substantial amount of heat is liberated by the lamps and a convection cooling system is provided in a copying machine application to dissipate the heat generated. Compared to quartz-halogen lamps in which the active part, that is the filament, extends along the length of the illuminator, the cooling system necessitated by the lamp disclosed herein is much simplified. This is because it is relatively easier to provide cooling air ducts, for example, at either end of the illuninator than along the whole length.
In the embodiment, the lamps 13 and 14 are releasably attached to the envelope 10. This facilitates the attachment and replacement of the lamps in the event of lamp failure. It will be appreciated, however, that the illuninator can be formed as an integral unit with the lamps 13 and 14 permanently or more permanently attached than described.
Preferably the reflective material comprises a high diffuse reflectance material such as, for example, 1~4S6~0 available under the trademark EASTMAN white reflective paint no. ~080.
In other embodiments, the envelope 10 itself is formed of reflective material, or is transparent and has a reflective layer on its outer surface instead of its inner surface. The envelope may be formed such that the window is defined by the part of the envelope, its inner or outer surface, not coated with reflective material. Further, it is within the scope of this invention to provide further layers for absorbing unwanted visible and invisible light rays, such as in techniques commonly used in optical filter technology.
The window 12 may also be formed by a slot removed from the surface of the envelope 10 (as actually shown in the drawing) or otherwise. Generally, as a requirement for a sealed atmosphere, manufacturing the envelope 10 is much easier than the manufacture of the comparable envelopes of fluorescent and enveloped quartz-halogen lamps which are totally enclosed tubes. In one embodiment, for example, ; 20 comparatively cheap plastic materials have been used to form the envelope 10.
In matching illumination intensity output of lamps and illumination sensing properties of image forming surfaces, a technique of varying the optical path between them in some ~l 25 way is often used. It will be apparent that such can be readily and integrally incorporated in this invention. For example, window 12 can be shaped to provide such adjustment ar~ compensation as might be required. However, one aspect of the present invention is that it enables an illuminator having the possibility of maximum intensity of illumination ,. . . . . .. . . . _;
~045600 at its ends, so less compansation is usually required in practice. Fall-off of illumination at the ends of extended filament quartz-halogen lamps and fluorescent lamps is one difficulty of using such lamps particularly for some copying machine applications.
We prefer to use as illumination sources the quartz-halogen lamps of the type shown because they provide ; a high output per unit volume. However, an illuminator according to the invention can be formed with other types of souece, such as vacuum filament lamps or xenon flash tubes.
But, in each case due regard is given to the spectral output of the chosen lamps in relation to the spectral response of the associated image receiving component.
For general purpose copying machines, a satisfac-tory illuminator can be provided in which the arc subtended by the window is in the range of a few degrees up to around 65. We prefer an arc of about 4S for use with an electro-statographic copying machine incorporating liquid development.
In one embodiment of the invention we provide an illuminator -in which the arc subtended by the window is about 1 or 2.
Such an illuminator is useful in a punched-card reader, for example, which requires preferably a well-defined linear ; illuminating device.
While a particular embodiment of the invention has been described above, it will be appreciated that various modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an illuminator including: an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective surface defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side : thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy and said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided an illuminator for a photocopying apparatus, including: an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective surface defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy ~nd said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
~n illuminator acco~din~ to the inventi~n will now f~, ~45600 be described by way of example with reference to the accom-panying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows schematically in section the illumination device; and Figure 2 shows view A-A of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, an elongated tubular envelope 10 is provided on its internal surface with diffuse reflective material 11 extending over the internal surface.
The envelope 10 substends an arc of 315 about its longi-tudinal axis (see Figure 2 where angle B = 45) to provide anarrow window 12 extending along the length of the envelope 10 through which light can pass. Window 12 is shown as a clear, open aperture for ease of illustration. Of course, window 12 might also be defined by a clear portion in a closed 360 ring of the envelope. At each end of the envelope 10, there is provided a quartz-halogen lamp 13 and 14, as sold under the trade mark "Atlas" type No. A1231 being rated at 12 volts and 100 watts. The lamps 13 and 14 are - releasably attached by means not shown to the envelope 10.
The lamps 13 and 14 have respective concave reflective f~
surfaces 13B and 14B, behind the filaments 13A and 14A, which direct light generally along the axis of the envelope 10.
In use, light radiates through the window 12 from the filaments 13A and 14A either directly or after single or multiple reflection within the envelope 10.
The lamps 13 and 14 are preferably matched where the illuminator is for use in electrostatographic copying machines especially those machines incorporating liquid development.
This ensures a high intensity and substantially uniform intensity of illumination output along the length of the window 12. In practiceO the lamps are tested as supplied and matched in pairs for equal or near equal output.
In the illuminator described, a substantial amount of heat is liberated by the lamps and a convection cooling system is provided in a copying machine application to dissipate the heat generated. Compared to quartz-halogen lamps in which the active part, that is the filament, extends along the length of the illuminator, the cooling system necessitated by the lamp disclosed herein is much simplified. This is because it is relatively easier to provide cooling air ducts, for example, at either end of the illuninator than along the whole length.
In the embodiment, the lamps 13 and 14 are releasably attached to the envelope 10. This facilitates the attachment and replacement of the lamps in the event of lamp failure. It will be appreciated, however, that the illuninator can be formed as an integral unit with the lamps 13 and 14 permanently or more permanently attached than described.
Preferably the reflective material comprises a high diffuse reflectance material such as, for example, 1~4S6~0 available under the trademark EASTMAN white reflective paint no. ~080.
In other embodiments, the envelope 10 itself is formed of reflective material, or is transparent and has a reflective layer on its outer surface instead of its inner surface. The envelope may be formed such that the window is defined by the part of the envelope, its inner or outer surface, not coated with reflective material. Further, it is within the scope of this invention to provide further layers for absorbing unwanted visible and invisible light rays, such as in techniques commonly used in optical filter technology.
The window 12 may also be formed by a slot removed from the surface of the envelope 10 (as actually shown in the drawing) or otherwise. Generally, as a requirement for a sealed atmosphere, manufacturing the envelope 10 is much easier than the manufacture of the comparable envelopes of fluorescent and enveloped quartz-halogen lamps which are totally enclosed tubes. In one embodiment, for example, ; 20 comparatively cheap plastic materials have been used to form the envelope 10.
In matching illumination intensity output of lamps and illumination sensing properties of image forming surfaces, a technique of varying the optical path between them in some ~l 25 way is often used. It will be apparent that such can be readily and integrally incorporated in this invention. For example, window 12 can be shaped to provide such adjustment ar~ compensation as might be required. However, one aspect of the present invention is that it enables an illuminator having the possibility of maximum intensity of illumination ,. . . . . .. . . . _;
~045600 at its ends, so less compansation is usually required in practice. Fall-off of illumination at the ends of extended filament quartz-halogen lamps and fluorescent lamps is one difficulty of using such lamps particularly for some copying machine applications.
We prefer to use as illumination sources the quartz-halogen lamps of the type shown because they provide ; a high output per unit volume. However, an illuminator according to the invention can be formed with other types of souece, such as vacuum filament lamps or xenon flash tubes.
But, in each case due regard is given to the spectral output of the chosen lamps in relation to the spectral response of the associated image receiving component.
For general purpose copying machines, a satisfac-tory illuminator can be provided in which the arc subtended by the window is in the range of a few degrees up to around 65. We prefer an arc of about 4S for use with an electro-statographic copying machine incorporating liquid development.
In one embodiment of the invention we provide an illuminator -in which the arc subtended by the window is about 1 or 2.
Such an illuminator is useful in a punched-card reader, for example, which requires preferably a well-defined linear ; illuminating device.
While a particular embodiment of the invention has been described above, it will be appreciated that various modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. An illuminator including:
an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective sur-face defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy and said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
an elongated tubular envelope having a reflective surface extending along its length, said reflective sur-face defining a clear transparent aperture along said tubular envelope, a separable lamp disposed at each end of said tubular envelope to direct radiant energy to the interior thereof, said lamps each including a source of radiant energy and a concave reflective surface disposed adjacent to said source of radiant energy on the side thereof opposite to said tubular envelope, said tubular envelope constituting an integrating cavity into which radiant energy is directed from said sources of radiant energy and said concave reflective surfaces, and from which said energy is emitted through said transparent aperture.
2. An illuminator as defined in claim 1 in which said separable lamps are incandescent filament lamps and said tubular envelope is of a cylindrical cross section.
3. An illuminator as defined in claim 1 in which said separable lamps are incandescent filament lamps and said tubular envelope is of a partial cylindrical cross section defining an open longitudinal aperture therealong.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5954073A GB1455439A (en) | 1973-12-21 | 1973-12-21 | Copying machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1045600A true CA1045600A (en) | 1979-01-02 |
Family
ID=10483958
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA215,686A Expired CA1045600A (en) | 1973-12-21 | 1974-12-09 | Elongate illuminator with window and end light sources |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5098323A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7548974A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE823222A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7409311A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1045600A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2451142A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES432306A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2255551A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1455439A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1027747B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7415217A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7415261L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4030104A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1977-06-14 | Xerox Corporation | Thermo-magnetic image transfer apparatus |
| JPH0638626B2 (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1994-05-18 | 工業技術院長 | Light source unit |
| US4868383A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1989-09-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Linear integrating cavity light source used for generating an intense beam of light |
| US6186649B1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2001-02-13 | Honeywell International Inc. | Linear illumination sources and systems |
| US6224237B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2001-05-01 | Honeywell International Inc. | Structure for achieving a linear light source geometry |
-
1973
- 1973-12-21 GB GB5954073A patent/GB1455439A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-10-28 DE DE19742451142 patent/DE2451142A1/en active Pending
- 1974-11-06 BR BR931174A patent/BR7409311A/en unknown
- 1974-11-18 AU AU75489/74A patent/AU7548974A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-21 NL NL7415217A patent/NL7415217A/en unknown
- 1974-11-26 ES ES432306A patent/ES432306A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-02 JP JP49138284A patent/JPS5098323A/ja active Pending
- 1974-12-05 SE SE7415261A patent/SE7415261L/ unknown
- 1974-12-09 CA CA215,686A patent/CA1045600A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-11 BE BE151392A patent/BE823222A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-17 IT IT3065174A patent/IT1027747B/en active
- 1974-12-20 FR FR7442411A patent/FR2255551A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7415217A (en) | 1975-04-29 |
| SE7415261L (en) | 1975-06-23 |
| ES432306A1 (en) | 1977-04-01 |
| JPS5098323A (en) | 1975-08-05 |
| BE823222A (en) | 1975-04-01 |
| FR2255551A1 (en) | 1975-07-18 |
| IT1027747B (en) | 1978-12-20 |
| DE2451142A1 (en) | 1975-07-03 |
| GB1455439A (en) | 1976-11-10 |
| AU7548974A (en) | 1976-05-20 |
| BR7409311A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
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