CA1042821A - High pressure hose - Google Patents
High pressure hoseInfo
- Publication number
- CA1042821A CA1042821A CA213,776A CA213776A CA1042821A CA 1042821 A CA1042821 A CA 1042821A CA 213776 A CA213776 A CA 213776A CA 1042821 A CA1042821 A CA 1042821A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hose
- core tube
- sheath
- reinforcement
- extruded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A hose for hydraulic and other high pressure fluids is described. The hose may comprise a core tube of an extruded chemically extended polyester and a reinforcement of fibrous strands in tensioned contact with the core tube. A hose also is disclosed which comprises a core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester, a sheath of a synthetic plastic, and a tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands interposed between the sheath and the core and in tensioned contact with said core tube.
A hose for hydraulic and other high pressure fluids is described. The hose may comprise a core tube of an extruded chemically extended polyester and a reinforcement of fibrous strands in tensioned contact with the core tube. A hose also is disclosed which comprises a core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester, a sheath of a synthetic plastic, and a tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands interposed between the sheath and the core and in tensioned contact with said core tube.
Description
104Z821 :
BACKGROU~D OF THE I~ TION
In the past, hoses for high pressure fluid service have been made of various plastic materials and construction. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,062,241 discloses a hose having a nylon core tube, a dacron braided reinforcement, and a nylon sheath. U.S. Patent No. 3,334,165 discloses a hose having a nylon core, a nylon reinforcement, and a nylon sheath bonded to the reinforce~ent. A hose having a olyurethane core and sheath poly ~tl~le~3 e 7'er e, p~ t~
, with a reinforcement of nylon, ddcron` or rayon is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,116,760. In general, the particular plastics used for the core tube and sheath in these and other prior art hose constructions have not been completely satisfactory. For example, hoses with nylon core~ and/or sheaths have limited flexibility and/or limited temperature resistance, while hoses with poly-urethane cores and/or sheaths, although relatively flexible, have limited temperature resistance.
Fiber reinforced resin tubular articles such as pipe have been described in U.S. Patent 3,156,598. An example of a resin utilized in this patent is a thermosetting polyester resin in which at lea~t one of the reactants contains an unsaturated double bond. Other thermosetting resins also are disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a high pressure hose having a core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester having a hardness of at least about 90A durometer and a rein-forcement of fibrous strands in tensioned contact with said core. ~ ' In a preferred embodiment, the hose comprises the core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester, a sheath of a synthetic -plastic, and a tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands .''."' - 1 - '' ~ ' ~04Z8Zl interposed between the sheath and the core. The hose of this invention has greater flexibility and higher temperature resistance than hoses previously known, such as those having a nylon core, and has higher temperature resistance than the more flexible polyurethane-based constructions.
DESCRIPTIO~
Figure l illustrates a side elevation, partly broken away in successive structural layers, of a length of a hose made in accordance with this invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly broken away in successive structural layers, of a length of another example of the hose made in accordance with this invention;
Figure 3 is a side elevation, partly broken away in ; successive structural layers, of a length of another example of a hose of this invention; and Figure 4 schematically illustrates a method of con-structing the hose.
The hose constructions of this invention are illustrated in the drawings. In Figure 1, the hose lO comprises a core tube 11 and a reinforcement 12. Core tube 11 is prepared from a chemically extended polyester material, and the core tube is made by extrusion of the polyester. Various extrudable chemically extended polyester may be utilized in the formation of the core material. Examples of such chemically extended polyesters which can be utilized are described in, for example, U.S. Patents 3,651,014; 3,766,146 and 3,763,109. The copolyester elastomers -described in these patents are contemplated as being useful in the preparation of the core materials of this invention.
one example of a chemically extended polyester material
BACKGROU~D OF THE I~ TION
In the past, hoses for high pressure fluid service have been made of various plastic materials and construction. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,062,241 discloses a hose having a nylon core tube, a dacron braided reinforcement, and a nylon sheath. U.S. Patent No. 3,334,165 discloses a hose having a nylon core, a nylon reinforcement, and a nylon sheath bonded to the reinforce~ent. A hose having a olyurethane core and sheath poly ~tl~le~3 e 7'er e, p~ t~
, with a reinforcement of nylon, ddcron` or rayon is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,116,760. In general, the particular plastics used for the core tube and sheath in these and other prior art hose constructions have not been completely satisfactory. For example, hoses with nylon core~ and/or sheaths have limited flexibility and/or limited temperature resistance, while hoses with poly-urethane cores and/or sheaths, although relatively flexible, have limited temperature resistance.
Fiber reinforced resin tubular articles such as pipe have been described in U.S. Patent 3,156,598. An example of a resin utilized in this patent is a thermosetting polyester resin in which at lea~t one of the reactants contains an unsaturated double bond. Other thermosetting resins also are disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a high pressure hose having a core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester having a hardness of at least about 90A durometer and a rein-forcement of fibrous strands in tensioned contact with said core. ~ ' In a preferred embodiment, the hose comprises the core tube of extruded chemically extended polyester, a sheath of a synthetic -plastic, and a tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands .''."' - 1 - '' ~ ' ~04Z8Zl interposed between the sheath and the core. The hose of this invention has greater flexibility and higher temperature resistance than hoses previously known, such as those having a nylon core, and has higher temperature resistance than the more flexible polyurethane-based constructions.
DESCRIPTIO~
Figure l illustrates a side elevation, partly broken away in successive structural layers, of a length of a hose made in accordance with this invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation, partly broken away in successive structural layers, of a length of another example of the hose made in accordance with this invention;
Figure 3 is a side elevation, partly broken away in ; successive structural layers, of a length of another example of a hose of this invention; and Figure 4 schematically illustrates a method of con-structing the hose.
The hose constructions of this invention are illustrated in the drawings. In Figure 1, the hose lO comprises a core tube 11 and a reinforcement 12. Core tube 11 is prepared from a chemically extended polyester material, and the core tube is made by extrusion of the polyester. Various extrudable chemically extended polyester may be utilized in the formation of the core material. Examples of such chemically extended polyesters which can be utilized are described in, for example, U.S. Patents 3,651,014; 3,766,146 and 3,763,109. The copolyester elastomers -described in these patents are contemplated as being useful in the preparation of the core materials of this invention.
one example of a chemically extended polyester material
- 2 - -" .. ', :' ' ' ':
: , 1~4Z821 which can be utilized in the formation of core tube 11 is made of a chemically extended polyester material such as those available from the E.I. DuPont de Nemours Company under the general designation ECD, and in particular, the designation ECD-2683, 2968, ~-and 2682. It is preferred that the extruded chemically extended polyester have a hardness of at least 90A durometer and within `
the range of from about 90A durometer to about 65D durometer.
The polyester material available from DuPont under the designation ECD-2683 has a durometer of about 55 on the D scale, is of a high molecular weight, is nonreactive with a specific gravity of about 1.20 g/cc, a bulk density of about 0.66 g/cc and a tensile strength of about 1825 psi at 302F. DuPont's polyester ECD 2968 has a higher molecular weight with a durometer of about 63D
whereas DuPont's ECD 2780 polyester having a durometer of 90A
; may be utilized where greater flexibility is desired.
Another example of a chemically extended polyester is a commercial polyester available from DuPont under the trade designation ECD-2682 which i8 capable of resisting hydraulic oil ~, at 250F., continuous use, as compared with 200F. maximum temperature resistance under continuous use for previously known nylon materials. This polyester has no plasticizer and, therefore, retains its flexibility over extended periods of time. That is, it does not become brittle through loss of the plasticizer over extended periods of time at temperatures as low as -65F. On the other hand, the flexibility of nylons is seriously impaired at temperatures below -40F. ;
The tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands, 12, which are in tensioned contact with core tube 11 may be braided, knitted, woven, or even matted strands. Knitted reinforcements
: , 1~4Z821 which can be utilized in the formation of core tube 11 is made of a chemically extended polyester material such as those available from the E.I. DuPont de Nemours Company under the general designation ECD, and in particular, the designation ECD-2683, 2968, ~-and 2682. It is preferred that the extruded chemically extended polyester have a hardness of at least 90A durometer and within `
the range of from about 90A durometer to about 65D durometer.
The polyester material available from DuPont under the designation ECD-2683 has a durometer of about 55 on the D scale, is of a high molecular weight, is nonreactive with a specific gravity of about 1.20 g/cc, a bulk density of about 0.66 g/cc and a tensile strength of about 1825 psi at 302F. DuPont's polyester ECD 2968 has a higher molecular weight with a durometer of about 63D
whereas DuPont's ECD 2780 polyester having a durometer of 90A
; may be utilized where greater flexibility is desired.
Another example of a chemically extended polyester is a commercial polyester available from DuPont under the trade designation ECD-2682 which i8 capable of resisting hydraulic oil ~, at 250F., continuous use, as compared with 200F. maximum temperature resistance under continuous use for previously known nylon materials. This polyester has no plasticizer and, therefore, retains its flexibility over extended periods of time. That is, it does not become brittle through loss of the plasticizer over extended periods of time at temperatures as low as -65F. On the other hand, the flexibility of nylons is seriously impaired at temperatures below -40F. ;
The tensioned reinforcement of fibrous strands, 12, which are in tensioned contact with core tube 11 may be braided, knitted, woven, or even matted strands. Knitted reinforcements
- 3 -~428Zl which may be useful in ~he present invention may comprise an ordinary knit stitch, and it is preferred to provide the knitted ~- reinforcement in such a manner that the axis of the reinforcement layer is at an angle to the axis of the core tube. Similar arrangements of braided or woven fabrics can be utilized.
~he fibrous strands which are utilized in the formation of the reinforcement may comprise any suitable fiber material such as glass, metal, textile fibers, synthetic fibers, polymeric materials, etc. More specifically, fibers made from polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, and other nylon-type materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terepthalate (d~r~n~, ...... ... polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinylidene halides such as polyvinylidene chloride. In general, the traits of fiber ;
to be used for the reinforcement will depend upon the end u e to which the hose is to be put. For example, glass fibers are commercially available with a variety of coatings such as epoxy coatings. The coating should impart good adhesion properties and good moisture resistance properties to the fiber.
Reinforcement 12 is preferably nylon fibrous strands that are either spirally wrapped upon the core or formed into a braid. In either case, the reinforcement is in tension upon the core tube and is closely wound or braided so as to provide sub-stantially 100% coverage over the core tube. The nylon rein-forcement resists temperatures up to about 250F., continuous use, and is, therefore, ideally matched with the chemically extended polyesters such as ECD-2682.
In instances where the hose is to be used for higher hydraulic pressures, a second layer of reinforcement may be ~)4~8Zl applied over the first reinforcement layer. In such instances, -it is preferred to use two knitted or braided layers wherein one layer comprises a "left-hand stitch or braid" and the other comprises a "right-handed stitch or braid" in such a manner that the twisting tendency of each layer counteracts the twisting tendency of the other.
Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the hose comprises a core tube 11, an outer sheath 13, and a tensioned reinforcement layer 12. Sheath 13 may be made of any of the known synthetic plastics which have been useful in the formation of hose structures. Examples of such plastic materials include the chemically extended polyesters described above which are useful as the core material, as well as other -synthetic plastics such as polyamides (polyhexamethylene adipamide) and other nylon-type materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terepthalate, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ;`
polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinylidene halides such as polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethanes, rubbers, ~ `
and the chemically extended polyesters which are also useful as the core material. The selection of the particular synthetic plastic useful as the sheath material will depend upon the particular end use of the hose and the properties desired of the sheath. For example, where it is necessary that the sheath be able to withstand high temperatures, the chemically extended polyester such as DuPont's ECD-2682 material will be particularly useful. On the other hand, where the tube of the invention is to be utilized in hydraulic applications, other materials can be utilized for the formation of the sheath which is not exposed to such high temperatures as is the core tube.
16~428Zl Figure 3 illustrates a more detailed hose construction comprising core tube 11 prepared of the materials described above, tensioned reinforced layer 12, and sheath 13 comprised of materials as described above. In the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the reinforcement is bonded to the core tube by an adhesive layer 14, and the sheath 13 is bonded to the reinforcement 12 by adhesive 15. The adhesives identified as 14 and 15 may be the same or different adhesives, but in general, the adhesive should be an effective bonding agent for each of the materials with which it comes in contact. Any of the commercially available adhesives which are effective to form such a bond may be utilized in the invention. The nature of the adhesive is not critical. Examples of adhesive which are useful include the urethane adhesive~, epoxy adhesives, etc. An example of a urethane adhesive is a polyester isocyanate adhesive such as available from the Daubert Chemical Company under the designation Daubond 8412A and Daubond 8412B. m ere are many epoxy adhesives available commercially, and one example of such an adhesive is Epon 872-X75 resin available from the Shell Chemical Company which is cured with a suitable amine or modified polyamine.
As can be seen from the examples qiven above and in particular Figures 1 and 2, it is not imperative that the various layers which comprise the hose be bonded one to another.
Satisfactory hose constructions can be prepared in the absence of any bonding between the various layers. Moreover, where bonding between various layers is desired, it is not necessary to utilize adhesives since bonding can be effected by other known techniques such as by heating one or; more of the various layers which comprise the hose which results in a melting of one or ' '' - 6 - ~-104Z8Zl more of the layers, which melting results in the formation of a bond upon cooling, or one or more of the layers may be treated with a solvent which effects a softening of said layer and results in the formation of a bond between the layers. Such techniques are well known in the art. In some instances, hose constructions such as illustrated in Figure 2 will be prepared where the reinforcing layer is bonded to the core tube but is not bonded to the sheath. Conversely, the sheath 13 may be - -bonded to reinforcing layer 12 without any bond between core tube 11 and reinforcing layer 12.
A hose can be prepared in accordance with this invention by the procedure shown schematically in Figure 4.
In this example, the hose is constructed by passing core tube 11 from a storage reel 20 through a tank 21 containing a liquid ;
adhesive such as Daubond 8412A passed a serving mechanism 22 that applies reinforcement 12 in either a spiral wrap or braid form to the core tube. The latter then passes into tank 23 containing an adhesive which may be the same as contained in tank 21 or a different adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive, into a crosshead 24 through which sheath 13 is extruded over the adhesive, and through a water bath tank 25 for cooling before ~ -being stored on reel 26.
The hoses described above, and particularly with respect to Figures 1-4, are useful for hydraulic and other high pressure fluids. These hoses exhibit greater flexibility and higher temperature resistance.
': '
~he fibrous strands which are utilized in the formation of the reinforcement may comprise any suitable fiber material such as glass, metal, textile fibers, synthetic fibers, polymeric materials, etc. More specifically, fibers made from polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, and other nylon-type materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terepthalate (d~r~n~, ...... ... polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinylidene halides such as polyvinylidene chloride. In general, the traits of fiber ;
to be used for the reinforcement will depend upon the end u e to which the hose is to be put. For example, glass fibers are commercially available with a variety of coatings such as epoxy coatings. The coating should impart good adhesion properties and good moisture resistance properties to the fiber.
Reinforcement 12 is preferably nylon fibrous strands that are either spirally wrapped upon the core or formed into a braid. In either case, the reinforcement is in tension upon the core tube and is closely wound or braided so as to provide sub-stantially 100% coverage over the core tube. The nylon rein-forcement resists temperatures up to about 250F., continuous use, and is, therefore, ideally matched with the chemically extended polyesters such as ECD-2682.
In instances where the hose is to be used for higher hydraulic pressures, a second layer of reinforcement may be ~)4~8Zl applied over the first reinforcement layer. In such instances, -it is preferred to use two knitted or braided layers wherein one layer comprises a "left-hand stitch or braid" and the other comprises a "right-handed stitch or braid" in such a manner that the twisting tendency of each layer counteracts the twisting tendency of the other.
Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the hose comprises a core tube 11, an outer sheath 13, and a tensioned reinforcement layer 12. Sheath 13 may be made of any of the known synthetic plastics which have been useful in the formation of hose structures. Examples of such plastic materials include the chemically extended polyesters described above which are useful as the core material, as well as other -synthetic plastics such as polyamides (polyhexamethylene adipamide) and other nylon-type materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terepthalate, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ;`
polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinylidene halides such as polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethanes, rubbers, ~ `
and the chemically extended polyesters which are also useful as the core material. The selection of the particular synthetic plastic useful as the sheath material will depend upon the particular end use of the hose and the properties desired of the sheath. For example, where it is necessary that the sheath be able to withstand high temperatures, the chemically extended polyester such as DuPont's ECD-2682 material will be particularly useful. On the other hand, where the tube of the invention is to be utilized in hydraulic applications, other materials can be utilized for the formation of the sheath which is not exposed to such high temperatures as is the core tube.
16~428Zl Figure 3 illustrates a more detailed hose construction comprising core tube 11 prepared of the materials described above, tensioned reinforced layer 12, and sheath 13 comprised of materials as described above. In the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the reinforcement is bonded to the core tube by an adhesive layer 14, and the sheath 13 is bonded to the reinforcement 12 by adhesive 15. The adhesives identified as 14 and 15 may be the same or different adhesives, but in general, the adhesive should be an effective bonding agent for each of the materials with which it comes in contact. Any of the commercially available adhesives which are effective to form such a bond may be utilized in the invention. The nature of the adhesive is not critical. Examples of adhesive which are useful include the urethane adhesive~, epoxy adhesives, etc. An example of a urethane adhesive is a polyester isocyanate adhesive such as available from the Daubert Chemical Company under the designation Daubond 8412A and Daubond 8412B. m ere are many epoxy adhesives available commercially, and one example of such an adhesive is Epon 872-X75 resin available from the Shell Chemical Company which is cured with a suitable amine or modified polyamine.
As can be seen from the examples qiven above and in particular Figures 1 and 2, it is not imperative that the various layers which comprise the hose be bonded one to another.
Satisfactory hose constructions can be prepared in the absence of any bonding between the various layers. Moreover, where bonding between various layers is desired, it is not necessary to utilize adhesives since bonding can be effected by other known techniques such as by heating one or; more of the various layers which comprise the hose which results in a melting of one or ' '' - 6 - ~-104Z8Zl more of the layers, which melting results in the formation of a bond upon cooling, or one or more of the layers may be treated with a solvent which effects a softening of said layer and results in the formation of a bond between the layers. Such techniques are well known in the art. In some instances, hose constructions such as illustrated in Figure 2 will be prepared where the reinforcing layer is bonded to the core tube but is not bonded to the sheath. Conversely, the sheath 13 may be - -bonded to reinforcing layer 12 without any bond between core tube 11 and reinforcing layer 12.
A hose can be prepared in accordance with this invention by the procedure shown schematically in Figure 4.
In this example, the hose is constructed by passing core tube 11 from a storage reel 20 through a tank 21 containing a liquid ;
adhesive such as Daubond 8412A passed a serving mechanism 22 that applies reinforcement 12 in either a spiral wrap or braid form to the core tube. The latter then passes into tank 23 containing an adhesive which may be the same as contained in tank 21 or a different adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive, into a crosshead 24 through which sheath 13 is extruded over the adhesive, and through a water bath tank 25 for cooling before ~ -being stored on reel 26.
The hoses described above, and particularly with respect to Figures 1-4, are useful for hydraulic and other high pressure fluids. These hoses exhibit greater flexibility and higher temperature resistance.
': '
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A hose construction comprising a core tube of extruded chemically extended copolyester having a hardness of at least about 90A durometer, and a reinforcement of fibrous strands of a polymeric material in tensioned contact with said core tube.
2. The hose of claim 1 wherein said core tube having extruded chemically extended copolyester has a hardness of bet-ween 90A durometer up to about 65D durometer.
3. The hose of claim 2 wherein said core tube having extruded chemically extended copolyester has a hardness of approximately 55D durometer, a bulk density of about 0.66 g/cc, and a tensile strength of about 1825 psi at 302° F.
4. The hose of claim 1 wherein said reinforcement is bonded to said core tube.
5. The hose of claim 1 further comprising a sheath of synthetic plastic.
6. The hose of claim 5 wherein said sheath of synthetic plastic is selected from the class consisting of chemically extended polyesters, nylon, polyurethane, silicone and rubber.
7. The hose of claim 6 wherein said sheath is bonded to the reinforcement.
8. The hose of claim 7 wherein said reinforcement is bonded to said core tube by the use of an adhesive.
9. The hose of claim 8 wherein said adhesive is a polyurethane adhesive.
10. The hose of claim 5 wherein said reinforcement is bonded to both the outer surface of said core tube and to the inner surface of said sheath by the use of adhesives.
11. The hose of claim 5 wherein said sheath is of an extruded chemically extended copolyester.
12. The hose of claim 11 wherein said sheath of extruded chemically extended copolyester over said reinforcement is a sheath having a durometer of about 90A.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA213,776A CA1042821A (en) | 1974-11-14 | 1974-11-14 | High pressure hose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA213,776A CA1042821A (en) | 1974-11-14 | 1974-11-14 | High pressure hose |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1042821A true CA1042821A (en) | 1978-11-21 |
Family
ID=4101627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA213,776A Expired CA1042821A (en) | 1974-11-14 | 1974-11-14 | High pressure hose |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1042821A (en) |
-
1974
- 1974-11-14 CA CA213,776A patent/CA1042821A/en not_active Expired
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