CA1042199A - Magnetic compass for sailing - Google Patents
Magnetic compass for sailingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1042199A CA1042199A CA207,824A CA207824A CA1042199A CA 1042199 A CA1042199 A CA 1042199A CA 207824 A CA207824 A CA 207824A CA 1042199 A CA1042199 A CA 1042199A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compass
- marks
- sector
- compass card
- sectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
- G01C21/203—Specially adapted for sailing ships
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C17/00—Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
A magnetic compass for vessel sailing. The compass com-prises a turnable body part having a scale, a turnable main stee-ring index directed to the scale, a compass card box enclosed by the body part and stationary relatively thereto, and a compass card turnably carried by the compass card box and serving as a magnetic needle. The compass card has upon its top surface a scale, two marks located at points consistent with the tacking charac-teristics of the vessel and indicating tacking direction. Those marks are spaced to the extent of substantially ninety degrees, the sector between the marks having a specific color. The compass card has two other equal sectors located on the opposite sides of the first-mentioned sector and has a color contrasting with the color of that first sector, the colors of all three sectors contrasting with the coloring of other areas of the compass card.
The three sectors have a total area equivalent substantially to an area constituted by 180 degrees.
A magnetic compass for vessel sailing. The compass com-prises a turnable body part having a scale, a turnable main stee-ring index directed to the scale, a compass card box enclosed by the body part and stationary relatively thereto, and a compass card turnably carried by the compass card box and serving as a magnetic needle. The compass card has upon its top surface a scale, two marks located at points consistent with the tacking charac-teristics of the vessel and indicating tacking direction. Those marks are spaced to the extent of substantially ninety degrees, the sector between the marks having a specific color. The compass card has two other equal sectors located on the opposite sides of the first-mentioned sector and has a color contrasting with the color of that first sector, the colors of all three sectors contrasting with the coloring of other areas of the compass card.
The three sectors have a total area equivalent substantially to an area constituted by 180 degrees.
Description
Zl99 The present invention concerns an improved magnetic com-pass for vessel sailing.
In Finnish Patent No. 47 143, there has been disclosed a magnetic compass provided with tacking indexed marked on the bottom of the needle ~ox and with coloured sectors, this compass being particularly intended for use by juveniles and for practice, and as a universal compass in various kinds of boating.
The object of the present invention consists in impro-ving the compass according to the Finnish Patent No. 47 143, for more exacting kinds of sailing and which has been adapted to fit a magnetic compass having a compass card.
The present invention resides in a magnetic compass for vessel sailing, comprising a turnable body part having a scale, a turnable main steering index directed to said scale, a compass card box enclosed by said body part and stationary relati-vely thereto, and a compass card turnably carried by said compass card box and serving as a magnetic needle, said compass card having upon its top surface a scale, two marks located at points consistent with the tacking characteristics of the vessel and indicating tacking direction, said marks being spaced to the extent of subs-tantially ninety degrees, the sector between said marks having a specific color, said compass card having two other equal sectors located on the opposite sides of the first-mentioned sector and having a color contrasting with the color of the first-mentioned sector, the colors of all three sectors contrasting with the colo-ring of other areas of the compass card, the three sectors having a total area equivalent substantially to an area constituted by 180 degrees.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the single accompanying figure of drawing, wherein an improved magnetic compass is shown.
Referring to the drawing, there is illustrated a compass ~A q~ ~
.
.
.
~q)4~199 having a body part 1, which is turnably mounted in a ring (not depicted), this ring being attached to the hull of the vessel by an axle pin mechanism, known per se, which causes the compass body 1 to be substantially horizontal, at any time, regardless of the position of the vessel. The body part 1 of the compass has on its outer periphery a scale 2. At its centre, the body part 1 carries a compass card box 14 filled with a suitable damping fluid, this box being an enclosed space with transparent top and transparent sides. Within the card box 14, there is turnably carried a com-pass card 9 acting as a magnetic needle, the outer circumferenceof which has been provided with a scale 8. In addition, the due north direction oriented arrow 6 has been marked on the compass card 9. On the transparent top of the card box 14, the main steering index 3 and the auxiliary indexes 4, 5 and 7 have been provided. The body part 1 may be stationary with reference to the vessel, but in that case the main steering index 3 has to be tur-nable.
When sailing against the wind is practised with the aid of the compass, the bow of the vessel is pointed straight into the wind and the body part 1 of the compass is turned to bring the main steering index 3 on the bisector of the angle betweenthe marks 10a and 10b of the compass card 9, which marks will be described later.
Thus, the steering index 3 substantially coincides with the north arrow 6, or at least lies between the dot markings 16. Since, for the majority of boat types, the most favourable tacking directions when sailing against the wind are those forming an angle of about 45 degrees with the wind direction, the top surface of the compass card 9 has been provided with fixed markings 10a and 10b to indica-te the tacking directions, the angle between these markings being of 90 degrees. It is thus understood that when a tack is started, the vessel is steered through a certain distance on such a course that the main steering index 3 coincides with the mark 10a, for ~A
In Finnish Patent No. 47 143, there has been disclosed a magnetic compass provided with tacking indexed marked on the bottom of the needle ~ox and with coloured sectors, this compass being particularly intended for use by juveniles and for practice, and as a universal compass in various kinds of boating.
The object of the present invention consists in impro-ving the compass according to the Finnish Patent No. 47 143, for more exacting kinds of sailing and which has been adapted to fit a magnetic compass having a compass card.
The present invention resides in a magnetic compass for vessel sailing, comprising a turnable body part having a scale, a turnable main steering index directed to said scale, a compass card box enclosed by said body part and stationary relati-vely thereto, and a compass card turnably carried by said compass card box and serving as a magnetic needle, said compass card having upon its top surface a scale, two marks located at points consistent with the tacking characteristics of the vessel and indicating tacking direction, said marks being spaced to the extent of subs-tantially ninety degrees, the sector between said marks having a specific color, said compass card having two other equal sectors located on the opposite sides of the first-mentioned sector and having a color contrasting with the color of the first-mentioned sector, the colors of all three sectors contrasting with the colo-ring of other areas of the compass card, the three sectors having a total area equivalent substantially to an area constituted by 180 degrees.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the single accompanying figure of drawing, wherein an improved magnetic compass is shown.
Referring to the drawing, there is illustrated a compass ~A q~ ~
.
.
.
~q)4~199 having a body part 1, which is turnably mounted in a ring (not depicted), this ring being attached to the hull of the vessel by an axle pin mechanism, known per se, which causes the compass body 1 to be substantially horizontal, at any time, regardless of the position of the vessel. The body part 1 of the compass has on its outer periphery a scale 2. At its centre, the body part 1 carries a compass card box 14 filled with a suitable damping fluid, this box being an enclosed space with transparent top and transparent sides. Within the card box 14, there is turnably carried a com-pass card 9 acting as a magnetic needle, the outer circumferenceof which has been provided with a scale 8. In addition, the due north direction oriented arrow 6 has been marked on the compass card 9. On the transparent top of the card box 14, the main steering index 3 and the auxiliary indexes 4, 5 and 7 have been provided. The body part 1 may be stationary with reference to the vessel, but in that case the main steering index 3 has to be tur-nable.
When sailing against the wind is practised with the aid of the compass, the bow of the vessel is pointed straight into the wind and the body part 1 of the compass is turned to bring the main steering index 3 on the bisector of the angle betweenthe marks 10a and 10b of the compass card 9, which marks will be described later.
Thus, the steering index 3 substantially coincides with the north arrow 6, or at least lies between the dot markings 16. Since, for the majority of boat types, the most favourable tacking directions when sailing against the wind are those forming an angle of about 45 degrees with the wind direction, the top surface of the compass card 9 has been provided with fixed markings 10a and 10b to indica-te the tacking directions, the angle between these markings being of 90 degrees. It is thus understood that when a tack is started, the vessel is steered through a certain distance on such a course that the main steering index 3 coincides with the mark 10a, for ~A
- 2 -. - - -. , - - . , . ~
- . - -,:; . .
~ 4'~
instance. After a given distance has been traversed, the tacking direction is changed so that the mark lOb in its turn will be coin-cident with the main steering index 3. It is obviously a necessary prerequisite for the advantageousness of this sailing manoeuvre that the wind bearing remains substantially unchanged throughout - the tack.
Even within a short period, the wind direction may change, having then a material effect on the tacking directions, in relationship with the direction of travel, and also on the mu-tual relative lengths of the tack legs. The changes in geographi-cal bearing of the wind may be observed by watching a pennant mounted on the mast, or a thread attached to the sail or another object which sensitively registers the wind direction. It is possible in this manner, despite the changes in the wind direction, to maintain the most favourable tacking angle with reference to the wind, which angle is of about 45 degrees. To make it easy to account for the changes in wind direction when the mutual length relation of the tacking legs is fixed, in addition to the markings lOa and lOb, the sectors 11 and 12a and 12b have been marked with clearly contrasting colours. When the most favourable tacking direction is maintained despite wind direction changes, the main steering index 3 wandering then from its position in register with the mark lOa or lOb, as the case may be, into sector 11 located between these marks, it is advantageous to continue in the same tacking direction for a distance longer than that travelled on the opposite tack. To visualize better the sector 11, the latter has been entirely marked with green colour v. It is obvious that, beside the marks lOa and lOb, separate sectors having a width smal-ler than that of sector 11 may be provided, which may also be marked with a colour other than green. If in the described course of sailing, the main steering index 3 travels from its position over mark lOa or lOb to the outside of the narrower sector between . ~, .
?
.A 3 .. . .
- ', ~ . - ~ -: , - ~ - . . - . .
' - :
1~)4~199 these marks, this indicates that the wind has turned to be less favourable for this leg of the tack. Therefore, beside the marks lOa and lOb on either side of the sector ll(v), sectors 12a and 12b have been marked with a colour clearly contrasting with that of sector 11. If the sector 11 on the compass card is green, it is then advantageous to mark the sectors 12a and 12b on the compass card with red colour. The combined angular width of sectors 11, 12a and 12b is of about 180 degrees.
In order to facilitate the running before the wind, or scudding, the compass card 9 has been provided with a mark and/
or a sector to indicate the scudding course. As shown, there is, for that purpose, a sector 13 coincident with the south index S
on the scale 8 of the compass card 9. Since in full scudding, with the majority of boat types, a slight tack (about 10 degrees devia-tion from the wind direction) is more favourable than running fully with the wind, the angular width of sector 13 is selected of about 20 degrees, and it is marked in red, for example.
In order that the compass might be well appropriate for use on the kind of track specified, at present, in the Olympic ~
Games contest standards, where the part of track to be sailed by -tacking is as close into the wind as possible, and the parts to be run before the wind enclose angles of 45 degrees with that course, the compass card 9 has been provided with marks 15a and 15b, displaced 135 degrees from the bisector of the smaller angle between the marks lOa and lOb indicating the tacking directions.
;A 4 ~ ~
. ... :- . - , . , :, , , :
: : . - - . -- . . ..
, , . .: ..... : . ' ' ., , , , . . - .
- . - -,:; . .
~ 4'~
instance. After a given distance has been traversed, the tacking direction is changed so that the mark lOb in its turn will be coin-cident with the main steering index 3. It is obviously a necessary prerequisite for the advantageousness of this sailing manoeuvre that the wind bearing remains substantially unchanged throughout - the tack.
Even within a short period, the wind direction may change, having then a material effect on the tacking directions, in relationship with the direction of travel, and also on the mu-tual relative lengths of the tack legs. The changes in geographi-cal bearing of the wind may be observed by watching a pennant mounted on the mast, or a thread attached to the sail or another object which sensitively registers the wind direction. It is possible in this manner, despite the changes in the wind direction, to maintain the most favourable tacking angle with reference to the wind, which angle is of about 45 degrees. To make it easy to account for the changes in wind direction when the mutual length relation of the tacking legs is fixed, in addition to the markings lOa and lOb, the sectors 11 and 12a and 12b have been marked with clearly contrasting colours. When the most favourable tacking direction is maintained despite wind direction changes, the main steering index 3 wandering then from its position in register with the mark lOa or lOb, as the case may be, into sector 11 located between these marks, it is advantageous to continue in the same tacking direction for a distance longer than that travelled on the opposite tack. To visualize better the sector 11, the latter has been entirely marked with green colour v. It is obvious that, beside the marks lOa and lOb, separate sectors having a width smal-ler than that of sector 11 may be provided, which may also be marked with a colour other than green. If in the described course of sailing, the main steering index 3 travels from its position over mark lOa or lOb to the outside of the narrower sector between . ~, .
?
.A 3 .. . .
- ', ~ . - ~ -: , - ~ - . . - . .
' - :
1~)4~199 these marks, this indicates that the wind has turned to be less favourable for this leg of the tack. Therefore, beside the marks lOa and lOb on either side of the sector ll(v), sectors 12a and 12b have been marked with a colour clearly contrasting with that of sector 11. If the sector 11 on the compass card is green, it is then advantageous to mark the sectors 12a and 12b on the compass card with red colour. The combined angular width of sectors 11, 12a and 12b is of about 180 degrees.
In order to facilitate the running before the wind, or scudding, the compass card 9 has been provided with a mark and/
or a sector to indicate the scudding course. As shown, there is, for that purpose, a sector 13 coincident with the south index S
on the scale 8 of the compass card 9. Since in full scudding, with the majority of boat types, a slight tack (about 10 degrees devia-tion from the wind direction) is more favourable than running fully with the wind, the angular width of sector 13 is selected of about 20 degrees, and it is marked in red, for example.
In order that the compass might be well appropriate for use on the kind of track specified, at present, in the Olympic ~
Games contest standards, where the part of track to be sailed by -tacking is as close into the wind as possible, and the parts to be run before the wind enclose angles of 45 degrees with that course, the compass card 9 has been provided with marks 15a and 15b, displaced 135 degrees from the bisector of the smaller angle between the marks lOa and lOb indicating the tacking directions.
;A 4 ~ ~
. ... :- . - , . , :, , , :
: : . - - . -- . . ..
, , . .: ..... : . ' ' ., , , , . . - .
Claims (4)
1. A magnetic compass for vessel sailing, comprising a turnable body part having a scale, a turnable main steering index directed to said scale, a compass card box enclosed by said body part and stationary relatively thereto, and a compass card turna-bly carried by said compass card box and serving as a magnetic needle, said compass card having upon its top surface a scale, two marks located at points consistent with the tacking charac-teristics of the vessel and indicating tacking direction, said marks being spaced to the extent of substantially ninety degrees, the sector between said marks having a specific color, said compass card having two other equal sectors located on the opposite sides of the first-mentioned sector and having a color contrasting with the color of the first-mentioned sector, the colors of all three sectors contrasting with the coloring of other areas of the com-pass card, the three sectors having a total area equivalent subs-tantially to an area constituted by 180 degrees.
2. A magnetic compass according to claim 1, characteri-zed in that in the direction opposite to the bisector of the angle between the tacking marks, the top surface of the compass card has been provided with a mark indicating the direction for scudding.
3. A magnetic compass according to claim 1, characteri-zed in that the sector between the tacking marks has in its enti-rety been marked with green colour and the other sectors have been marked with red colour.
4. A magnetic compass according to claim 2, characteri-zed in that for indicating the direction for scudding the compass card carries a sector marked with red colour.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI732699A FI48390C (en) | 1973-08-30 | 1973-08-30 | Magnetic sailing compass. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1042199A true CA1042199A (en) | 1978-11-14 |
Family
ID=8507469
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA207,824A Expired CA1042199A (en) | 1973-08-30 | 1974-08-26 | Magnetic compass for sailing |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5917761B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7254274A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1042199A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2440519A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI48390C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1443389A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO743013L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7410879L (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE408595B (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1979-06-18 | Ansar Lars Anders Peter | INSTRUMENT AT SAILING BATTERY FOR INDICATION OF ONE OF THE REAL WIND DIRECTION DEPENDENT, BUT INDEPENDENT VALUE OF CROSSING BOOK |
| FR2447010A1 (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1980-08-14 | Morin Secretan Rech Perf | Sailing boat navigation wind direction finder - uses rotating ring with coloured sectors which surround compass rose rotating on pointer axis |
| JPS57142308U (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1982-09-07 | ||
| GB2124374B (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1985-07-31 | John Meechan | Navigational device |
| DE3380364D1 (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1989-09-14 | J & K Shephard Design Pty Ltd | Tactical dinghy compass |
| JPS60245794A (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1985-12-05 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Box-shaped electrolytic cell provided with ion exchange membrane |
| CN113670281B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-08-29 | 温州大学 | Portable directional off-road pointing device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3678591A (en) * | 1969-09-19 | 1972-07-25 | Stanley A Selig Jr | Sailing conditions indicator for sailboats |
-
1973
- 1973-08-30 FI FI732699A patent/FI48390C/en active
-
1974
- 1974-08-19 GB GB3635074A patent/GB1443389A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-20 AU AU72542/74A patent/AU7254274A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-21 NO NO743013A patent/NO743013L/no unknown
- 1974-08-23 DE DE2440519A patent/DE2440519A1/en active Pending
- 1974-08-26 CA CA207,824A patent/CA1042199A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-28 SE SE7410879A patent/SE7410879L/xx unknown
- 1974-08-30 JP JP49099056A patent/JPS5917761B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO743013L (en) | 1975-03-24 |
| FI48390B (en) | 1974-05-31 |
| DE2440519A1 (en) | 1975-03-06 |
| JPS5051757A (en) | 1975-05-08 |
| JPS5917761B2 (en) | 1984-04-23 |
| AU7254274A (en) | 1976-02-26 |
| SE7410879L (en) | 1975-03-03 |
| GB1443389A (en) | 1976-07-21 |
| FI48390C (en) | 1974-09-10 |
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