CA1040991A - Tyre studs - Google Patents
Tyre studsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1040991A CA1040991A CA255,878A CA255878A CA1040991A CA 1040991 A CA1040991 A CA 1040991A CA 255878 A CA255878 A CA 255878A CA 1040991 A CA1040991 A CA 1040991A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- tip
- tyre
- radius
- overall length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
- B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A tyre stud in which the overall length L of the stud, the radius r of the stud body, the protrusion b of the tip and the radius r1 of the tip are related such that the expression lies between the limits 3.3 x 105 and 8.2 x 105 where:
a1 = a2 = 67468.8r a3 = a4 = (7000.0b + 3.0)r2 a5 = 21476.0r(0.015 + b - L) a6 = 7560117.0r2(b + 0.00043) a7 =
A tyre stud in which the overall length L of the stud, the radius r of the stud body, the protrusion b of the tip and the radius r1 of the tip are related such that the expression lies between the limits 3.3 x 105 and 8.2 x 105 where:
a1 = a2 = 67468.8r a3 = a4 = (7000.0b + 3.0)r2 a5 = 21476.0r(0.015 + b - L) a6 = 7560117.0r2(b + 0.00043) a7 =
Description
10~
~his invention relates to tyre studs and in particul~Fj~ ~hough not exclusively, to tyre studs wbich are-suitable for use with a car tyre.
~itherto known and used studs fitted to tyres have been successful in providing tyres having an improved grip on ice and snow covered surfaces and have resulted in little 1098 of grip of the tyre when operating on road surfaces free of ice or snow. ~he use of studs does, however, have the disadvantage of tending to cause considerable road surface damage when operating on a surface which i9 free Or ice or snQw and thus they cannot therefore be considered entirely satisfactory.
Investigations have previously been made to determine the parameters affecting road surface damage and these have been found to include not only features of the stud per se but also featu~es of the stud byre assembly such a~ the distance between the base of a stud and a tyre reinforcement carcass. ~nown studded tyres in which optimisation of these parameters either individually or together to reduce road surface dama~e without significantly affecting the grip provided have not however been partic~rly su¢cess~ul.
~ particularly desirable shape of tyre stud comprises a substantially cyl~ndrical ~hape body portion having embedded in one end bhereor and protruding therefrom a su~stantially c~lindrical shape tip o~ a hard wearing material ror e~gaging a road sur~ace.
~ccordingly the pre~ent invention provides a-tyre ~tud in which the overall length L of the ~tud, radius r Or th~
~his invention relates to tyre studs and in particul~Fj~ ~hough not exclusively, to tyre studs wbich are-suitable for use with a car tyre.
~itherto known and used studs fitted to tyres have been successful in providing tyres having an improved grip on ice and snow covered surfaces and have resulted in little 1098 of grip of the tyre when operating on road surfaces free of ice or snow. ~he use of studs does, however, have the disadvantage of tending to cause considerable road surface damage when operating on a surface which i9 free Or ice or snQw and thus they cannot therefore be considered entirely satisfactory.
Investigations have previously been made to determine the parameters affecting road surface damage and these have been found to include not only features of the stud per se but also featu~es of the stud byre assembly such a~ the distance between the base of a stud and a tyre reinforcement carcass. ~nown studded tyres in which optimisation of these parameters either individually or together to reduce road surface dama~e without significantly affecting the grip provided have not however been partic~rly su¢cess~ul.
~ particularly desirable shape of tyre stud comprises a substantially cyl~ndrical ~hape body portion having embedded in one end bhereor and protruding therefrom a su~stantially c~lindrical shape tip o~ a hard wearing material ror e~gaging a road sur~ace.
~ccordingly the pre~ent invention provides a-tyre ~tud in which the overall length L of the ~tud, radius r Or th~
2.
lO~gl stud body, protrusion b of the tip, and radius r1 of the tip are related such that the expression a1(a2 + a~)a4 (a5 + a6 + a7) lies between the limits 3.3 x 105 and 8.2 x 105 where:
a1 ~ ~1 831 r1 a2 = 67468.8r a3 = 0.0705221r 2 (b ~ 0.00043) a4 ~ t7000.0b + 3~0)r2 a5 ~ 21476.0r(0.015 ~ b - L) a6 5 7560117.0r2(b ~ 0.00043) a7 = 0.02245r(0.015 ~ b - ~), the dimensions of (b ~ 0.00043) b, L, r, and r1 being in metres.
Preferably the tyre stud has an overall length ~ of the stud is 10 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the base diam~ær 2r of the stud i8 5.5 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the tip diame~r 2r1 of the-~tud is
lO~gl stud body, protrusion b of the tip, and radius r1 of the tip are related such that the expression a1(a2 + a~)a4 (a5 + a6 + a7) lies between the limits 3.3 x 105 and 8.2 x 105 where:
a1 ~ ~1 831 r1 a2 = 67468.8r a3 = 0.0705221r 2 (b ~ 0.00043) a4 ~ t7000.0b + 3~0)r2 a5 ~ 21476.0r(0.015 ~ b - L) a6 5 7560117.0r2(b ~ 0.00043) a7 = 0.02245r(0.015 ~ b - ~), the dimensions of (b ~ 0.00043) b, L, r, and r1 being in metres.
Preferably the tyre stud has an overall length ~ of the stud is 10 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the base diam~ær 2r of the stud i8 5.5 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the tip diame~r 2r1 of the-~tud is
3 m~ 1 0.2 mm, and the protrusion b of the tip is 1.25 mm 0.25 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a stud i8 ¢on~tructed substantially as illustrated in the accomp-aDying drawing which is a sectional elevation of a stud in accordance with the present invention, the stud compri~ing a body 10 o~ metal alloy material comprising a tubular portion 11 Pnd base portion 12 interconnected by a neck portion 13 formed integrally with the tubular and ba~e 3.
.. . .. .
10~
portions. Embedded in the tubular portion 11 and protruding from one end 14 thereof is a road surface engaging tip 15 of tungsten carbide material, the tip being formed along its length with a series of circumferentiall~ extending pro-jections 16 so as to have a saw-tooth profile in cross-section a~d assist in retention of the tip within the tubular body portion 11. The tubular body portion is tapered along its length a~d tbe included angle 2 of the frusto-conical shaped surface of this portion is 20, with the embedded tip projecting from the narrower end of the tubular portion 11. The wider end of the tubular portion, in the region of the neck portion 13, has a diameter substantially equal to that of the base portion 12 so as to define around the neck portion 13 an annular cavity of a shape which assicts tread rubber urged therein upon insertion of the stud into a tyre tread to provide a good grip to both resist dislodging of the stud from the tyre tread and inward movement o* the stud into the t~re tread, in the manner described in the speci*ication of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication No 252581.
~ s a result of theoretical and experimental considerations we believe that the overall length ~ of the stud should be 10 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the base diameter 2r of the stud should be 5.5 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the tip diameter 2r1 should be 3 mm ~ p.2 mm, and the protrusion b of the tip from the end 14 o* the tubular body portion 11 should be 1.25 mm 0.25 mm.
To further assist in pro~iding a stud which is ~haped and ~;~en~ioned to give a good grip on snow or ice without
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a stud i8 ¢on~tructed substantially as illustrated in the accomp-aDying drawing which is a sectional elevation of a stud in accordance with the present invention, the stud compri~ing a body 10 o~ metal alloy material comprising a tubular portion 11 Pnd base portion 12 interconnected by a neck portion 13 formed integrally with the tubular and ba~e 3.
.. . .. .
10~
portions. Embedded in the tubular portion 11 and protruding from one end 14 thereof is a road surface engaging tip 15 of tungsten carbide material, the tip being formed along its length with a series of circumferentiall~ extending pro-jections 16 so as to have a saw-tooth profile in cross-section a~d assist in retention of the tip within the tubular body portion 11. The tubular body portion is tapered along its length a~d tbe included angle 2 of the frusto-conical shaped surface of this portion is 20, with the embedded tip projecting from the narrower end of the tubular portion 11. The wider end of the tubular portion, in the region of the neck portion 13, has a diameter substantially equal to that of the base portion 12 so as to define around the neck portion 13 an annular cavity of a shape which assicts tread rubber urged therein upon insertion of the stud into a tyre tread to provide a good grip to both resist dislodging of the stud from the tyre tread and inward movement o* the stud into the t~re tread, in the manner described in the speci*ication of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication No 252581.
~ s a result of theoretical and experimental considerations we believe that the overall length ~ of the stud should be 10 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the base diameter 2r of the stud should be 5.5 mm ~ 0.5 mm, the tip diameter 2r1 should be 3 mm ~ p.2 mm, and the protrusion b of the tip from the end 14 o* the tubular body portion 11 should be 1.25 mm 0.25 mm.
To further assist in pro~iding a stud which is ~haped and ~;~en~ioned to give a good grip on snow or ice without
4.
,, , , :; . . : - ,: :
,, , : . -, , , , ::,, ,, ,, , . , , ,, , ~ : ":
la4~
undue road surface damage other dimensions of tbe stud are preferabl~ such that the length c of the tip i8 5.25 mm + .25 mm, length w of the tubular body portion 11
,, , , :; . . : - ,: :
,, , : . -, , , , ::,, ,, ,, , . , , ,, , ~ : ":
la4~
undue road surface damage other dimensions of tbe stud are preferabl~ such that the length c of the tip i8 5.25 mm + .25 mm, length w of the tubular body portion 11
5 mm + 0.5 mm, diameter 2r2 at the narrower end Or the tubular portion 11 4.5 mm + .2 mm, and diameter 2r3 Or the neck portion 5.5 mm + 0.5 mm.
Within the above limits we believe tbat particular benefits are obtained if L 10 mm, b = 1.3 mm, ¢ _ 5.3 mm, w . 5~0 mm, 2r - 6 mm, 2rl . 3 mm, 2r2 = 4.5 mm~ 2r3 . 6 mm.
Whilst it is preferred that the angle of the taper of the frusto-conical surface of the bod~ portion i8 10, tbe present invention provides a ~tud as hereinbefore defined in which said angle lies in tbe range 5 to 15.
A stud of tbe above described shape and dimensions 15- i8 particularly.sui~abl~ fQr uae in the tread of a tyre sized 165-14, tbe t~re ha~ing a radial pl~ reinforcement of either 4 tes$ile breaker plios of 2 steel bPeaker plies with a tread thickness of 15 mm between tbe tread surface . and-r.adiall~ outer breaker surface, conQid~red at the ce~tre:.o~ the ~read between the edges thereof. .-Tho above described stud is believed to be partic.ularly bene~icial in providing a good grip in ice or snow conditions without cau~ing undue road surface damage i~ parameters o~ the tyre in which it is embedded are as.~ollows:-~re sectio~ breaker radius 368.0 mm ~re seGtion sidewall radius 64.0 mm Circumferential t~re breaker radius 320.0 mm 5.
, . . - ,:
, : . :,, .. , . -. . . .
,. - , . . . . . . . . . .
., , . ,. . . ,, .. , ,. .. - . .
, , . , : :. :
, ,; , , . .:
. ,- . . ~, , , . ; - .
1~4~3991 Number of textile breakers 4 Number of ends / 10 cm in breaker fabric 75 Radius of breaker cord 0.38 mm Modulu~ of breaker cord 4.5 x 108kg/cm2 Bias an~le of breaker cords 20 ~yre inflation pressure 2.0 kg/cm2 ~ s specified above the stud should have an overall length L of not less than 0.5 mm; if the overall length of the stud is less tha~ this it is considered that it will not provide a~ effecti~e grip on snow or ice covered surfaces.
Whilst the above described tyre stud comprises a tungsten carbide tip embedded in a metal alloy bod~, the body ma~ alternatively be made of a plastics material which is sufficiently hard and has a high melting point so as to provide good location for the tungsten carbide tip without becoming unduly hot and soft as a result of forces acting on the stud materials.
Studs in accordance with the prese~t invention are particularly suitable for diqtributing over the surface of a tyre tread in a manner defined in the specification of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication ~o 242011, or in the specirication of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication ~o 252774. -~
It will be appreciated from the fore~oing that a ~tud in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable ~or use in a car tyre, and that the present in~entio~
also pro~ides an assembly of a stud in accordance with the in~ention located in the tread of a car tyre. ~ -
Within the above limits we believe tbat particular benefits are obtained if L 10 mm, b = 1.3 mm, ¢ _ 5.3 mm, w . 5~0 mm, 2r - 6 mm, 2rl . 3 mm, 2r2 = 4.5 mm~ 2r3 . 6 mm.
Whilst it is preferred that the angle of the taper of the frusto-conical surface of the bod~ portion i8 10, tbe present invention provides a ~tud as hereinbefore defined in which said angle lies in tbe range 5 to 15.
A stud of tbe above described shape and dimensions 15- i8 particularly.sui~abl~ fQr uae in the tread of a tyre sized 165-14, tbe t~re ha~ing a radial pl~ reinforcement of either 4 tes$ile breaker plios of 2 steel bPeaker plies with a tread thickness of 15 mm between tbe tread surface . and-r.adiall~ outer breaker surface, conQid~red at the ce~tre:.o~ the ~read between the edges thereof. .-Tho above described stud is believed to be partic.ularly bene~icial in providing a good grip in ice or snow conditions without cau~ing undue road surface damage i~ parameters o~ the tyre in which it is embedded are as.~ollows:-~re sectio~ breaker radius 368.0 mm ~re seGtion sidewall radius 64.0 mm Circumferential t~re breaker radius 320.0 mm 5.
, . . - ,:
, : . :,, .. , . -. . . .
,. - , . . . . . . . . . .
., , . ,. . . ,, .. , ,. .. - . .
, , . , : :. :
, ,; , , . .:
. ,- . . ~, , , . ; - .
1~4~3991 Number of textile breakers 4 Number of ends / 10 cm in breaker fabric 75 Radius of breaker cord 0.38 mm Modulu~ of breaker cord 4.5 x 108kg/cm2 Bias an~le of breaker cords 20 ~yre inflation pressure 2.0 kg/cm2 ~ s specified above the stud should have an overall length L of not less than 0.5 mm; if the overall length of the stud is less tha~ this it is considered that it will not provide a~ effecti~e grip on snow or ice covered surfaces.
Whilst the above described tyre stud comprises a tungsten carbide tip embedded in a metal alloy bod~, the body ma~ alternatively be made of a plastics material which is sufficiently hard and has a high melting point so as to provide good location for the tungsten carbide tip without becoming unduly hot and soft as a result of forces acting on the stud materials.
Studs in accordance with the prese~t invention are particularly suitable for diqtributing over the surface of a tyre tread in a manner defined in the specification of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication ~o 242011, or in the specirication of our co-pending Canadian ~pplication ~o 252774. -~
It will be appreciated from the fore~oing that a ~tud in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable ~or use in a car tyre, and that the present in~entio~
also pro~ides an assembly of a stud in accordance with the in~ention located in the tread of a car tyre. ~ -
6.
Claims (2)
1. A tyre stud in which the overall length L of the stud, the radius r of the stud body, the protrusion b of the tip and the radius r1 of the tip are related such that the expression lies between the limits 3.3 x 105 and 8.2 x 105 where:
a1 = a2 = 67468.8r a3 = a4 = (7000.0b + 3.0)r2 a5 = 21476.0r(0.015 + b - L) a6 = 7560117.0r2(b + 0.00043) a7 = , the dimensions of b, L, r, and r1 being in metres.
a1 = a2 = 67468.8r a3 = a4 = (7000.0b + 3.0)r2 a5 = 21476.0r(0.015 + b - L) a6 = 7560117.0r2(b + 0.00043) a7 = , the dimensions of b, L, r, and r1 being in metres.
2. A tyre stud as claimed in claim 1 in which the overall length L of the stud is 10 mm ? 0.5 mm, the base diameter 2r of the stud is 5.5 mm ? 0.5 mm, the tip diameter 2r1 of the stud is 3mm ? 0.2 mm, and the protrusion b of the tip is 1.25 mm ? 0.25 mm.
7.
7.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB28455/75A GB1557662A (en) | 1975-07-05 | 1975-07-05 | Tyre studs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1040991A true CA1040991A (en) | 1978-10-24 |
Family
ID=10275906
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA255,878A Expired CA1040991A (en) | 1975-07-05 | 1976-06-28 | Tyre studs |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4108230A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS529206A (en) |
BE (1) | BE843758A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1040991A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2629900A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK298876A (en) |
FI (1) | FI761933A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2317113A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1557662A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1063665B (en) |
LU (1) | LU75300A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7607393A (en) |
NO (1) | NO141197C (en) |
SE (1) | SE7607570L (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6087704U (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1985-06-17 | 日本油脂株式会社 | Spike pins for automobile tires |
US4733665C2 (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 2002-01-29 | Expandable Grafts Partnership | Expandable intraluminal graft and method and apparatus for implanting an expandable intraluminal graft |
FI123702B (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2013-09-30 | Nokian Renkaat Oyj | Vehicle studded pneumatic tire |
DE10354331A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-23 | Continental Aktiengesellschaft | Spike for vehicle tires |
NL2001198C2 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-21 | Vredestein Banden B V | Snow tire spike for use in tire of vehicle, has housing with anchor such as winter hand nail anchor, where housing is partially manufactured from biologically degradable plastic, where diameter of stud reduces over length of stud |
JP5917846B2 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2016-05-18 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Tire spikes and spiked tires |
DE102014219615A1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Pneumatic vehicle tires with spikes in the tread |
SE2000066A1 (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-26 | Dubb1 Ab | Dubb |
JP7056695B2 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-04-19 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Stud pins and tires with them |
FI4015249T3 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-12-28 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Winter tire with studs |
WO2023094920A1 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-01 | Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. | Stud and studded tyre for vehicle wheels |
EP4436796A1 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-10-02 | Pirelli Tyre S.p.A. | Stud and studded tyre for vehicle wheels |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1505128A1 (en) * | 1963-02-20 | 1969-04-17 | Kovametalli Ab Oy | In vehicle tires or the like. body to be attached to prevent sliding |
DE1505186C3 (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1974-01-31 | Stahlgruber Otto Gruber & Co, 8000 Muenchen | Spike that can be inserted into the tread of a vehicle tire |
CH482560A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1969-12-15 | Stahlgruber Gruber & Co Otto | Spikes for automobile tires |
FR2182750B1 (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1976-06-11 | Michelin & Cie | |
DE2404463A1 (en) * | 1974-01-31 | 1975-08-14 | Stahlgruber Gruber & Co Otto | Snow spike for vehicle tyre - is embedded on rubber cushion in metal can to allow normal running |
FR2278511A1 (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1976-02-13 | Ugine Carbone | ANTI-SLIP CRAMP FOR TIRES |
-
1975
- 1975-07-05 GB GB28455/75A patent/GB1557662A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-06-24 NO NO762196A patent/NO141197C/en unknown
- 1976-06-28 CA CA255,878A patent/CA1040991A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-28 US US05/700,526 patent/US4108230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-06-30 IT IT7624867A patent/IT1063665B/en active
- 1976-07-01 SE SE7607570A patent/SE7607570L/en unknown
- 1976-07-02 DK DK298876A patent/DK298876A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-02 FI FI761933A patent/FI761933A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-02 BE BE168621A patent/BE843758A/en unknown
- 1976-07-02 DE DE19762629900 patent/DE2629900A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-07-05 LU LU75300A patent/LU75300A1/xx unknown
- 1976-07-05 NL NL7607393A patent/NL7607393A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-05 JP JP51079788A patent/JPS529206A/en active Pending
- 1976-07-05 FR FR7620431A patent/FR2317113A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2317113B1 (en) | 1979-04-06 |
FR2317113A1 (en) | 1977-02-04 |
NL7607393A (en) | 1977-01-07 |
NO762196L (en) | 1977-01-06 |
DE2629900A1 (en) | 1977-01-20 |
SE7607570L (en) | 1977-01-06 |
JPS529206A (en) | 1977-01-24 |
BE843758A (en) | 1976-11-03 |
GB1557662A (en) | 1979-12-12 |
DK298876A (en) | 1977-01-06 |
FI761933A (en) | 1977-01-06 |
US4108230A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
NO141197B (en) | 1979-10-22 |
IT1063665B (en) | 1985-02-11 |
LU75300A1 (en) | 1977-02-23 |
NO141197C (en) | 1980-01-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA1040991A (en) | Tyre studs | |
US3837386A (en) | Anti skid stud for tires | |
US5238038A (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
US4423760A (en) | Tire tread with zig-zag grooves having groove sidewalls of varying degrees of support | |
FI85673B (en) | FORDONSDAECK. | |
WO2000038938A3 (en) | Radial tyre bead | |
US4147751A (en) | Method of making a pneumatic tire | |
CA2023538A1 (en) | Tread for a pneumatic tire | |
GB1067856A (en) | Tyre for heavy duty vehicles | |
US20060090826A1 (en) | Protective element for a tread | |
CA1081102A (en) | Tires | |
JPS5695704A (en) | Pneumatic tire | |
EP0363893A3 (en) | Steel cord and tire reinforced with the same | |
US4296705A (en) | Pneumatic marine fender | |
GB1387156A (en) | Pneumatic tyres | |
EP1010548A3 (en) | Pneumatic radial tire | |
EP0965465A3 (en) | Pneumatic tyre | |
GB1085852A (en) | Improvements in or relating to outer casings for pneumatic tyres | |
EP0950547A3 (en) | Pneumatic Tyre | |
CA1064661A (en) | Reinforced membrane | |
ES481449A1 (en) | Pneumatic tyre and method of manufacturing it. | |
GB1462683A (en) | Pneumatic tyres and methods of manufacture thereof | |
KR19980033597A (en) | Tire static prevention method and device | |
FR2335360A1 (en) | Radial pneumatic tyres - with peripheral and axial girdle below tread and beads located at max. axial spacing of side walls inclined at obtuse angle | |
GB1340137A (en) | Reinforcing element for flexible structures in particular pneumatic tyres |