CA1039109A - Well piston pump reciprocating by rod elongation - Google Patents
Well piston pump reciprocating by rod elongationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1039109A CA1039109A CA271,151A CA271151A CA1039109A CA 1039109 A CA1039109 A CA 1039109A CA 271151 A CA271151 A CA 271151A CA 1039109 A CA1039109 A CA 1039109A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- pumping apparatus
- accordance
- heating
- martensitic
- Prior art date
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Abstract
PUMPING BY WIRE ELONGATION
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Pumping in oil wells and like application is carried out in a noiseless manner with efficient utilization of energy by raising the plunger or piston in a subsurface pump piston with a long metal rod or cable capable of undergoing memory shape change as a function of a martensitic transformation when worked by application of stress, preferably by gravity through an attached weight, while cold to elongate itself and, upon application of heat thereto, reversing the transformation and contracting in length to raise the piston and associated equip-ment plus fluid load.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Pumping in oil wells and like application is carried out in a noiseless manner with efficient utilization of energy by raising the plunger or piston in a subsurface pump piston with a long metal rod or cable capable of undergoing memory shape change as a function of a martensitic transformation when worked by application of stress, preferably by gravity through an attached weight, while cold to elongate itself and, upon application of heat thereto, reversing the transformation and contracting in length to raise the piston and associated equip-ment plus fluid load.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to oil well pumping and like applications and is particularly characterized by the carrying out of such pumping in a noiseless manner with high efficiency in utilization of energy and reduced vulnerability to breakage.
Some 85% of oil wells use driven motor pumps to raise oil from deep sub-surface pools to ground level and of these some 85% are sucker rod pumps. Sucker rod pump equipment com-prises a tube bottoming out in a dish with a standing valve.Within the tube is piston comprising a valve therein also known as a traveling valve. The piston is connected to a ground level prime mover by a longitudinal array of end-to-end connected sucker rods, i.e., a sucker rod string. The prime mover drives the piston up and down within the tube. On up-strokes of the piston oil passes through the standing valve into the tube and on down-~, strokes of the piston, oil passes through the piston valve to the topside of the piston to become part of the column of oil on the piston raised on every up-stroke to dump a top of the column into collection equipment.
Sucker rod pump equipment is widely used despite re-cognition of undesirably high noise, cost, weight, driving energy requirements and vulnerability to breakage. The massive above group equipment associated therewith is also esthetically un-desirable. In very deep wells the sucker rod string is tapered or straight, the sucker rod diameter occupies a high proportion of tube diameter thereby creating high friction losses and wear and limiting throughput for given tube diameter and stroke length, both of which are limited as a practical matter.
It is an important object of the invention to overcome one or more of the above drawbacks.
It is a further object of the present invention to ~ !
The present invention relates to oil well pumping and like applications and is particularly characterized by the carrying out of such pumping in a noiseless manner with high efficiency in utilization of energy and reduced vulnerability to breakage.
Some 85% of oil wells use driven motor pumps to raise oil from deep sub-surface pools to ground level and of these some 85% are sucker rod pumps. Sucker rod pump equipment com-prises a tube bottoming out in a dish with a standing valve.Within the tube is piston comprising a valve therein also known as a traveling valve. The piston is connected to a ground level prime mover by a longitudinal array of end-to-end connected sucker rods, i.e., a sucker rod string. The prime mover drives the piston up and down within the tube. On up-strokes of the piston oil passes through the standing valve into the tube and on down-~, strokes of the piston, oil passes through the piston valve to the topside of the piston to become part of the column of oil on the piston raised on every up-stroke to dump a top of the column into collection equipment.
Sucker rod pump equipment is widely used despite re-cognition of undesirably high noise, cost, weight, driving energy requirements and vulnerability to breakage. The massive above group equipment associated therewith is also esthetically un-desirable. In very deep wells the sucker rod string is tapered or straight, the sucker rod diameter occupies a high proportion of tube diameter thereby creating high friction losses and wear and limiting throughput for given tube diameter and stroke length, both of which are limited as a practical matter.
It is an important object of the invention to overcome one or more of the above drawbacks.
It is a further object of the present invention to ~ !
- 2-- ~
~039109 provide an improvement in pumping in oil wells and other applica-tions which avoids the above-ground motor and mechanical trans-mission and their associated co~t and noise, friction and mechanical breakdown vulnerabilities, consistent with the pre-ceding object.
It is a further object of the invention to increase stroke length consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
; It is a further object of the invention to reduce cost consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to increase piston diameter consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce wear consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce the vulnerability of breakage of the line within the well consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a long life, reliable pumping apparatus consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to provide precise control of stroke consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an embod~ment, a sucker rod type ~; pumping apparatus comprises: an elongated martensitic trans-formation member forming a portion of an elongated vertically hanging line; a piston with top and bottom side hanging at the end of the line: valve means for transferring liquid from one side of the piston to the other in response to piston motion:
the piston being effective to stretch the martensitic transforma-tion material through gravity descent: means for heating the ~ _ 3 _ martensitic transformation to reversibly counteract the stretch-ing to raise the piston, means for establishing a liquid column on the top side of the piston when liquid is transferred from the bottom side to top side so that the column is raised when the piston is raised, and means for drawing liquid off from the ` raised column, said means for heating may comprise means for direct electrical resistance heating of the martensitic material or for indirectly heating the martensitic material.
The pump apparatus may also include means defining a down-stroke driver for elongating said martensitic transformation material by about 5% and inducing said transformation at a first relatively cold temperature.
Said down-stroke drive means may comprise the piston . ~ weight, the weight of the liquid column, or both.
A long rod or cabled wire bundle of shape memory metal is run down the length of the well to be pumped. Shape memory metals are described in my prior U.S. patents 3,440,997, ~ 3,483,752 and 3,483,748 (assigned to Avco Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio), i and include TiNi, an intermetallic compound known for its shape memory effect asso-ciated with its martensitic transformation at around room temperature. The following discussion of that material (also known by the trade mark 55-NITINOL) should be taken as exemplary since other martensitic transformation materials may be similarly evaluated in the context of the present invention. At a temperature below their TTR (Transition Temperature Range) the 55-Nitinol alloys (and the like) are highly ductile and may be plastically deformed.
At a low stress of between 10 to 20 KSI, this results in about 8% deformation (strain). This initial plastic flow in 55-Nitinol . ~
is associated with "martensitic shear" or "diffusionless"
transformation. This mechanism in a simplified sense is much like applying a shearing force to an aligned deck of playing cards.
Each card is made to slide slightly out of alignment with its immediate neighboring card. In the case of a martensitic shear transformation this total atomic movement between adjacent planes of atoms is less than a full interatomic distance, based upon normal atomic lattice arrangement. Raising the temperature above the TTR causes the formation of strong, energetic and directional electron bonds that pull the displaced atoms back to their predeformed positions.
.
The mechanical memory of this material is easily demonstrated by plastically deforming an annealed wire or sheet or rod of NiTi below its TTR and then heating it, whereupon it will .
revert to its original shape. This unusual behavior is attributed to a reversible low temperature diffusionless (martensitic type) ` transformation. There is much disagreement on exact mechanism.
But, for the present, suffice it to say that a phase that is stable or metastable above the Ms temperature can transform to a martensitic-type phase at temperatures below Ms. Transformation ~ ~ - 4 -., .,_, .....
below Ms occurs both athermally (on cooling) and by plastic deformation. It appears that the grains that transform athermally do not contribute to the shape memory effect.
Shape memory apparently comes about as a result of the formation of the acicular phase by deformation of the metastable retained higher-temperature phase. When 55-Nitinol is plastically deformed at a temperature near or below the M point the retained phase is transformed into the acicular product. The "memory"
arises from the fact that, upon heating (above the As point) the oriented grains of acicular phase transform in the reverse direc-tion and assume their original shapes, thus the mechanical plastic deformation is annihilated and the sample returns to the shape it had prior to deformation.
The elongated rod or cable may be stretched by a weight attached to its lower end such as a piston of a type commonly used in oil well pumping, such weight causing the cold wire to undergo martensitic transformation and accompanying elongation on the order of up to 8 percent, preferably about 5 percent to allow a margin of safety within the range of versibility.
The piston may be of conventional design and the elongated member is preferably a cable of several hundred 20-mil wires but may comprise an equivalent in rod form. Typically, the lengths of the rod or cable would be several hundred or even several thousand feet. Such material, after induction of martensitic transformation therein by mechanical working can undergo a reversal of such transformation by increases of temperature, which may be accom-plished through induction heating or direct resistance heating or heating a heating element such as nichrome wire which is bundled in a cable of martensitic transformation material or simply wrapped around a rod or cable of martensitic transformation material or the heat of the oil well.
1039~09 cooling can be used to induce the martensitic transformation and may be accomplished by flowing liquid coolant along the wire or cable or through Peltier effect refrigeration or by the temperature of the oil in the well.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a pumping apparatus according to two preferred embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, there is shown an oil well tunnel 10, oil 12 therein and a tube 14 containing an elongated cable 16 carrying a piston 18. A heating circuit 20 provides indirect resistance heating to the cable to force contraction.
The tube 14 contains a valve 24 in its base and the piston 18 contains a valve 28 therein. On up-strokes of the piston the column of oil of length L on top of the piston is raised to dump into line 30 for withdrawal via valve 32. At the same time oil in pool 12 forces part valve 24 to enter the chamber defined at 22. On down-stroke oil in chamber 22 forces part valve 28 to move to the top side of the piston.
The down-stroke is provided by gravity force of the piston weight stretching cable 16 and thereby, inducing martensitic transformation. Up-stroke is accomplished by circuit 20 passing resistance heating current through cable 16 to reverse the martensitic transformation to induce shape memory contraction of cable 16 to its original length.
A prototype model of pumping apparatus in accordance with the above-described embodiment but without valves and using ~C~39 ~ O 9 B ROG P01 instead of a piston a simple bucket dipping into a pool was JC:mj 8/25/75 construed using a five foot length of 20 mil diameter ~itinol-55 wire and a 12 pound bucket extended over a pool of water. The weight of the bucket caused the wire to elongate and undergo martensitic transformation to dip into the water. Then a 12 volt battery was placed in circuit across the ends of the wire to provide direct heating and raise the bucket full of water and then weighing 20 pounds out of the water, the total length of stroke being about 2-3". This elongation/contraction cycling was repeated over several dozen cycles without any noticeable creep effects or other incipient irreversible phenomena setting in.
It can be seen that the above described apparatus meets the above stated objects and can overcome the above limitations of conventional sucker rod pumps.
Another limitation of sucker rod design eliminated by the present invention is that the outside diameter of the sucker - rod is designed to provide clearance for passage of fluid up through the tubing to surface. The larger the diameter of sucker rod lesser is the clearance between rod and production string or tubing. Cables or rods of transformation material have very small diameter, i.e., greater clearance between the tube and the connecting rod or cable connection.
Maximum life of a pump is directly related to the minimum pumping speeds. Reducing cyclic speeds and increasing stroke allows greater wear at the same throughput. The present invention permits very long strokes at slow speeds for greater pumping capacity and low wear. Typical bores of conventional 1~911~9 B ROG P01 pumps vary from 1-4 3/4" and their stroke varies from a,few inches JC7ck 8/'8`/75 to about thirty feet (from model to model). The present invention could be applied for instance to a 1,000 foot long cable (being the total depth of pumping or only a fraction of depth - the bal-- ance of cable length being steel or other non-tran,sformation material) with an elongation of 5% on each gravity stretch down-stroke for a 50 foot stroke. Even longer strokes could be made.
The weight of the piston (and/or auxiliary weights) connected to the piston and/or cable may be supplemented by mechanical or hydraulic spring means (loaded on up-strokes and reLeasing energy on down-strokes~ to pro~ide the necessary force for down-strokes without resort to prime movers or excessive parasitic weight to be handled up and down.
A further method of supplementing down-stroke drive by piston weight is illustrated in FIG. 2 and involves use of weight ,of the fluid column. In this embodiment, parts similar to those of FIG. 1 are similarly numbered. The significant difference is that two separate sections are heated by indirect resistance 2Q heaters 2QA and 20B (or alternatively direct heaters). A first relatively sh-ort section 20A is heated to induce a short auxiliary up-stroke while causing closing of valve 28. Then down-stroke motion will proceed under the weight of the liquid column on top of piston 18, even though valve 28 automatically reopens in the course of the down-stroke. The main up-stroke is induced by powering heater 20B.
Alternatively heaters 2QA and 20B may be replaced by a single heater heating a common length, or the full length of cable 16 at two different temperature levels. The auxiliary up-stroke length is typically 1/10 - 1/5 of the length,of main up-stroke length.
While a preferred cable or rod material for purposes 1035~09 B ROG P01 of the` present invention comprises equiatomic nickel-titanium, JC:m;
8/25/75 other materials may be employed, including gold-cadmium, indium-thallium, nickel aluminide, elemental cobalt or titanium or zirconium and the further binary alloys, iron-nickel, copper-aluminum and cobalt-nickel.
It is evident that those skilled in the art, once given the benefit of the foregoing disclosure, amy now make numerous other uses and modifications of, and departures from the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the inventive concepts. Consequently, the invention is to be construed as embracing each and every novel feature and novel combination of features present in, or possessed by, the apparatus and techniques herein disclosed and limited solely by the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
~039109 provide an improvement in pumping in oil wells and other applica-tions which avoids the above-ground motor and mechanical trans-mission and their associated co~t and noise, friction and mechanical breakdown vulnerabilities, consistent with the pre-ceding object.
It is a further object of the invention to increase stroke length consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
; It is a further object of the invention to reduce cost consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to increase piston diameter consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce wear consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce the vulnerability of breakage of the line within the well consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a long life, reliable pumping apparatus consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to provide precise control of stroke consistent with one or more of the preceding objects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an embod~ment, a sucker rod type ~; pumping apparatus comprises: an elongated martensitic trans-formation member forming a portion of an elongated vertically hanging line; a piston with top and bottom side hanging at the end of the line: valve means for transferring liquid from one side of the piston to the other in response to piston motion:
the piston being effective to stretch the martensitic transforma-tion material through gravity descent: means for heating the ~ _ 3 _ martensitic transformation to reversibly counteract the stretch-ing to raise the piston, means for establishing a liquid column on the top side of the piston when liquid is transferred from the bottom side to top side so that the column is raised when the piston is raised, and means for drawing liquid off from the ` raised column, said means for heating may comprise means for direct electrical resistance heating of the martensitic material or for indirectly heating the martensitic material.
The pump apparatus may also include means defining a down-stroke driver for elongating said martensitic transformation material by about 5% and inducing said transformation at a first relatively cold temperature.
Said down-stroke drive means may comprise the piston . ~ weight, the weight of the liquid column, or both.
A long rod or cabled wire bundle of shape memory metal is run down the length of the well to be pumped. Shape memory metals are described in my prior U.S. patents 3,440,997, ~ 3,483,752 and 3,483,748 (assigned to Avco Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio), i and include TiNi, an intermetallic compound known for its shape memory effect asso-ciated with its martensitic transformation at around room temperature. The following discussion of that material (also known by the trade mark 55-NITINOL) should be taken as exemplary since other martensitic transformation materials may be similarly evaluated in the context of the present invention. At a temperature below their TTR (Transition Temperature Range) the 55-Nitinol alloys (and the like) are highly ductile and may be plastically deformed.
At a low stress of between 10 to 20 KSI, this results in about 8% deformation (strain). This initial plastic flow in 55-Nitinol . ~
is associated with "martensitic shear" or "diffusionless"
transformation. This mechanism in a simplified sense is much like applying a shearing force to an aligned deck of playing cards.
Each card is made to slide slightly out of alignment with its immediate neighboring card. In the case of a martensitic shear transformation this total atomic movement between adjacent planes of atoms is less than a full interatomic distance, based upon normal atomic lattice arrangement. Raising the temperature above the TTR causes the formation of strong, energetic and directional electron bonds that pull the displaced atoms back to their predeformed positions.
.
The mechanical memory of this material is easily demonstrated by plastically deforming an annealed wire or sheet or rod of NiTi below its TTR and then heating it, whereupon it will .
revert to its original shape. This unusual behavior is attributed to a reversible low temperature diffusionless (martensitic type) ` transformation. There is much disagreement on exact mechanism.
But, for the present, suffice it to say that a phase that is stable or metastable above the Ms temperature can transform to a martensitic-type phase at temperatures below Ms. Transformation ~ ~ - 4 -., .,_, .....
below Ms occurs both athermally (on cooling) and by plastic deformation. It appears that the grains that transform athermally do not contribute to the shape memory effect.
Shape memory apparently comes about as a result of the formation of the acicular phase by deformation of the metastable retained higher-temperature phase. When 55-Nitinol is plastically deformed at a temperature near or below the M point the retained phase is transformed into the acicular product. The "memory"
arises from the fact that, upon heating (above the As point) the oriented grains of acicular phase transform in the reverse direc-tion and assume their original shapes, thus the mechanical plastic deformation is annihilated and the sample returns to the shape it had prior to deformation.
The elongated rod or cable may be stretched by a weight attached to its lower end such as a piston of a type commonly used in oil well pumping, such weight causing the cold wire to undergo martensitic transformation and accompanying elongation on the order of up to 8 percent, preferably about 5 percent to allow a margin of safety within the range of versibility.
The piston may be of conventional design and the elongated member is preferably a cable of several hundred 20-mil wires but may comprise an equivalent in rod form. Typically, the lengths of the rod or cable would be several hundred or even several thousand feet. Such material, after induction of martensitic transformation therein by mechanical working can undergo a reversal of such transformation by increases of temperature, which may be accom-plished through induction heating or direct resistance heating or heating a heating element such as nichrome wire which is bundled in a cable of martensitic transformation material or simply wrapped around a rod or cable of martensitic transformation material or the heat of the oil well.
1039~09 cooling can be used to induce the martensitic transformation and may be accomplished by flowing liquid coolant along the wire or cable or through Peltier effect refrigeration or by the temperature of the oil in the well.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a pumping apparatus according to two preferred embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, there is shown an oil well tunnel 10, oil 12 therein and a tube 14 containing an elongated cable 16 carrying a piston 18. A heating circuit 20 provides indirect resistance heating to the cable to force contraction.
The tube 14 contains a valve 24 in its base and the piston 18 contains a valve 28 therein. On up-strokes of the piston the column of oil of length L on top of the piston is raised to dump into line 30 for withdrawal via valve 32. At the same time oil in pool 12 forces part valve 24 to enter the chamber defined at 22. On down-stroke oil in chamber 22 forces part valve 28 to move to the top side of the piston.
The down-stroke is provided by gravity force of the piston weight stretching cable 16 and thereby, inducing martensitic transformation. Up-stroke is accomplished by circuit 20 passing resistance heating current through cable 16 to reverse the martensitic transformation to induce shape memory contraction of cable 16 to its original length.
A prototype model of pumping apparatus in accordance with the above-described embodiment but without valves and using ~C~39 ~ O 9 B ROG P01 instead of a piston a simple bucket dipping into a pool was JC:mj 8/25/75 construed using a five foot length of 20 mil diameter ~itinol-55 wire and a 12 pound bucket extended over a pool of water. The weight of the bucket caused the wire to elongate and undergo martensitic transformation to dip into the water. Then a 12 volt battery was placed in circuit across the ends of the wire to provide direct heating and raise the bucket full of water and then weighing 20 pounds out of the water, the total length of stroke being about 2-3". This elongation/contraction cycling was repeated over several dozen cycles without any noticeable creep effects or other incipient irreversible phenomena setting in.
It can be seen that the above described apparatus meets the above stated objects and can overcome the above limitations of conventional sucker rod pumps.
Another limitation of sucker rod design eliminated by the present invention is that the outside diameter of the sucker - rod is designed to provide clearance for passage of fluid up through the tubing to surface. The larger the diameter of sucker rod lesser is the clearance between rod and production string or tubing. Cables or rods of transformation material have very small diameter, i.e., greater clearance between the tube and the connecting rod or cable connection.
Maximum life of a pump is directly related to the minimum pumping speeds. Reducing cyclic speeds and increasing stroke allows greater wear at the same throughput. The present invention permits very long strokes at slow speeds for greater pumping capacity and low wear. Typical bores of conventional 1~911~9 B ROG P01 pumps vary from 1-4 3/4" and their stroke varies from a,few inches JC7ck 8/'8`/75 to about thirty feet (from model to model). The present invention could be applied for instance to a 1,000 foot long cable (being the total depth of pumping or only a fraction of depth - the bal-- ance of cable length being steel or other non-tran,sformation material) with an elongation of 5% on each gravity stretch down-stroke for a 50 foot stroke. Even longer strokes could be made.
The weight of the piston (and/or auxiliary weights) connected to the piston and/or cable may be supplemented by mechanical or hydraulic spring means (loaded on up-strokes and reLeasing energy on down-strokes~ to pro~ide the necessary force for down-strokes without resort to prime movers or excessive parasitic weight to be handled up and down.
A further method of supplementing down-stroke drive by piston weight is illustrated in FIG. 2 and involves use of weight ,of the fluid column. In this embodiment, parts similar to those of FIG. 1 are similarly numbered. The significant difference is that two separate sections are heated by indirect resistance 2Q heaters 2QA and 20B (or alternatively direct heaters). A first relatively sh-ort section 20A is heated to induce a short auxiliary up-stroke while causing closing of valve 28. Then down-stroke motion will proceed under the weight of the liquid column on top of piston 18, even though valve 28 automatically reopens in the course of the down-stroke. The main up-stroke is induced by powering heater 20B.
Alternatively heaters 2QA and 20B may be replaced by a single heater heating a common length, or the full length of cable 16 at two different temperature levels. The auxiliary up-stroke length is typically 1/10 - 1/5 of the length,of main up-stroke length.
While a preferred cable or rod material for purposes 1035~09 B ROG P01 of the` present invention comprises equiatomic nickel-titanium, JC:m;
8/25/75 other materials may be employed, including gold-cadmium, indium-thallium, nickel aluminide, elemental cobalt or titanium or zirconium and the further binary alloys, iron-nickel, copper-aluminum and cobalt-nickel.
It is evident that those skilled in the art, once given the benefit of the foregoing disclosure, amy now make numerous other uses and modifications of, and departures from the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the inventive concepts. Consequently, the invention is to be construed as embracing each and every novel feature and novel combination of features present in, or possessed by, the apparatus and techniques herein disclosed and limited solely by the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. Sucker rod type pumping apparatus comprising, an elongated martensitic transformation member forming a portion of an elongated vertically hanging line, a piston with top and bottom side hanging at the end of the line, valve means for transferring liquid from one side of the piston to the other in response to piston motion, the piston being effective to stretch the martensitic transformation material through gravity descent, means for heating the martensitic transformation to reversibly counteract the stretching to raise the piston, means for establishing a liquid column on the top side of the piston when liquid is transferred from the bottom side to top side so that the column is raised when the piston is raised, and means for drawing liquid off from the raised column.
2. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the means for heating comprise means for direct electrical resistance heating of the martensitic material.
3. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the means for heating comprise electrical resistance means indirectly heating the martensitic material.
4. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 1, and further comprising means defining a down-stroke driver for elongating said martensitic transformation material by about 5%
and inducing said transformation at a first relatively cold temperature.
and inducing said transformation at a first relatively cold temperature.
5. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the down-stroke drive means comprise the piston weight.
6. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the down-stroke drive means comprise the weight of the liquid column.
7. Pumping apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the down-stroke drive means comprise a combination of solid weight elements, including said piston, and said liquid column carried by said piston.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA271,151A CA1039109A (en) | 1977-02-07 | 1977-02-07 | Well piston pump reciprocating by rod elongation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA271,151A CA1039109A (en) | 1977-02-07 | 1977-02-07 | Well piston pump reciprocating by rod elongation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1039109A true CA1039109A (en) | 1978-09-26 |
Family
ID=4107869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA271,151A Expired CA1039109A (en) | 1977-02-07 | 1977-02-07 | Well piston pump reciprocating by rod elongation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1039109A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-02-07 CA CA271,151A patent/CA1039109A/en not_active Expired
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