CA1038006A - Flow-through metallic feld body heater for fluid - Google Patents
Flow-through metallic feld body heater for fluidInfo
- Publication number
- CA1038006A CA1038006A CA216,646A CA216646A CA1038006A CA 1038006 A CA1038006 A CA 1038006A CA 216646 A CA216646 A CA 216646A CA 1038006 A CA1038006 A CA 1038006A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- porous body
- whiskers
- liquid
- wall
- heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electrical heating device employs a metallic felt body through which fluid to be heated is passed.
The felt may be of polycrystalline metal whiskers, or non-metal whiskers or filements with metal coating applied.
The body is heated by contact with an element that is heated electrically The fluid flows through the body in a relatively long path compared with the distance through which heat has to be conducted through the body from said element. The body is conveniently a hollow cylinder, the fluid flow being parallel to the axis and the heat being applied from inner and outer tubes between which the felt body is disposed.
An electrical heating device employs a metallic felt body through which fluid to be heated is passed.
The felt may be of polycrystalline metal whiskers, or non-metal whiskers or filements with metal coating applied.
The body is heated by contact with an element that is heated electrically The fluid flows through the body in a relatively long path compared with the distance through which heat has to be conducted through the body from said element. The body is conveniently a hollow cylinder, the fluid flow being parallel to the axis and the heat being applied from inner and outer tubes between which the felt body is disposed.
Description
~q)3E~ )6 The invention relates to electrical heating devices for the heating or vaporisation of fluid. It is concerned with such devices having at least one porous body of inter felted poly-crystalline whiskers or metallised non-metallic whiskers or filaments, joined together metallically at their points of con-tact. The body is traversed by the medium to be heated and is itself heated by being in contact with a~wal~ of good heat-conducting material. This may itself be an electrical heating element or be arranged to be heated by one.
Porous bodies which consist of interconnected poly-crystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metallic whiskers or filaments, such as A12O3 whiskers, car~on, quartz or rock fibres, can be produced with an extremely large inner surface area for the volume of ~he envelope oE the body. They have been used successfully as electrical heating resistance elements for the vaporisation or atomising of liquid fuels. Since direct heating by electric current in many cases causes trouble owing to the good electrical conductivity of such a porous body, it has been proposed to heat the body indirectly by electricity. The porous body is then arranged to be in heat-conductive contact with another element heated by electric current. It has been found that this indirect electric heating does indeed have considerable advantages from the point of view of the source of energy avail~
able, but by comparison with a whiskers skeleton heated by the~
direct passage of electric current it takes rather a long time to heat the fluid to a desired temperature, particularly when a cylindrical porous body oE rather large diameter is used. This is because the central ~one of such a body is warmed very much less strongly than the external zone, which is in the immediate vicinity of the heated wall surrounding the cylinder. A body with alternately arranged heating plates and whisker plates can pro-duce more uniform heating of the whisker portions, but they are '' ~
~ 2 ~
3~0~6 traversed radially from inside to outside and only a short dwell time is possible for the fluid to be heated. Such plates cannot be made with an unduly large diameter for constructional reasons.
Therefore, in order to heat a determined volume of liquid in a given time to a desired temperature or even to vaporise it, the whisker plates must be heated to relatively high temperatures which, when heating or vaporising hydrocarbons, intensifies their tendency to crack and therefore to form pore-choking residues.
It is an object of this invention to provide an ele-ctr.ic heating device using inter-felted whiskers of filaments which is simple in construction and allows rapid and uniform heating of the fluid.
According ko the present invention there is provided an electrical heating device for the heating or vaporisation of fluid, comprising at least one elongated porous body consisting of inter-felted polycrystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metal whiskers or. filaments connected metallically together at their points of contact, and arranged to be traversed in the longitudinal direction by the fluid to be heated, and at least one wall of heat conductive material bounding said bod~ and being in conductive relationship therewith, said wall forming or having associated therewith an electric heating element..
In a preferred embodiment, the body is of hollow cylindrical form and is arranged to be traversed by the fluid in the direc-tion of its axis. The two walls are conveniently inner and outer tubes bounding the cylinder.
In this embodiment, compared with a porous solid cylin-der, there is no central zone which is at a considerable distance from a heat~emitting wall, and which therefore contributes only slightly to the heating of the fluid. There is therefore a con-siderable saving of whiskers and a more rapid and uniform heating of the fluid. With a solid cylinder, the outermost zone has to be excessively heated to compensate for the poor heating of the central zone, in order to attain the desired median temperature.
In particular, for vaporisation of liquid fuels, for instance ~uel oil, diesel oil or petrol, difficulties occur with solid cylinders. It is not practical to heat such hydrocarbons beyond a given temperature since there is otherwise the risk of the formation of residues and cracking, and the excesslvely heated outer zone can promote this.
In a preferred form there is arranged on the outer tube at least, an electric heating coil. The cylinder and tubes conveniently form a unit in a lagged housing having at one end an inlet for the 1uid to be heated and at the other end an out-let for the heated or evaporaked fluid. Such an electric heating device can be used very satisfactorily for heating liquld ~uels, and in particular for the evaporation of fuel oil. For this purpose the unit may be centrally mounted in a pipe for carrying the combustion air, and it can be arranged detachably on a cover which normally closed an aperture in the wall of said pipe. The outlet is preferably governed by a valve. In the event of a breakdown, the unit, or even the housing with the unit, can be removed and discarded and replaced by a new device.
The outer tube is conveniently electrically heated.
The inner pipe may be too, or alternatively it may communicate with a waste gas pipe, so that the hot waste gases heat the inner tube.
Instead of a hollow cylinder, a thin oblong plate-like member may be adopted for the porous body. With this embodiment, it is desirable for the heating of liquid fuels, and in particular for the evaporation of fuel oil, for several such porous bodies with an electrically heated jacket to be arranged parallel to, but spaced from, one another, but at some distance apart, the intervening spaces between neighbouring plates acting as ducts ~)3~0~6 for the passage of the combustion air.
For a better understanding of the invention some con-structional forms thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is an axial section of part of an oil burner with a heating device according to the invention, for vaporizing the fuel oil, and Figure 2 is a perpsective view, longitudinally sectioned, of a modified electrical heating device which could be used in the oil burner shown in Figure 1.
The oil burner of Figure 1 has a pipe 1 for carrying the air for combustion capped at its combustion ch~mber end by a perforated plate 2. Arranged centrally in the pipe 1 is a cylin-drical electrical heating device 3, which serveq to evaporate the fuel oil to be mi~ed with the combustion air. The electric heating device 3 consists of a porous body 4 in the form of a hollow cylinder, which is bounded by an inner tube 5 and an outer tube 6. The porous body 4 is made of inter-felted polycrystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metallic whiskers or filaments which are metallically bonded at their points of contact. The body 4 is arranged to have good heat communication with both tubes 5 and 6, this being achieved for instance by sintering on or by deposition of metal1for preference by thermal decomposition of a metal compound, in particular a metal carbonyl. The inner tube 5 is provided on its inner surface and the outer tube 6 on it~
outer surface with respective electrical heating colls 7 and 8, which can be connected with a source of electric current (not shown). The space within the inner tube 5 and the intervening annular space 9 between the tubes 5 and 6 containing the porous body 4 are capped at their ends by covers 10 and 11.
An oil supply pipe 12 delivers through the cover 11 into the end of space 9 remote from plate 2. The cover 10 pro-_ 5 _ ~3~ 36 vides a number of outlet apertures 13 from the other end of space 9, opening into a shallow cylindrical chamber 14 which is bounded by the cover 10, an extended end portion of the outer tube 6 and an end plate 15 for the outer tube 6. The chamber 14 has a central outlet aperture 16 in plate 15 with a valve seat 17 which acts in conjunction with a valve body 18 in a manner to be described below. The outer tube 6 is surrounded by a heat-insulating housing 19 at least in the zone of the electric heating coil 8.
The valve body 18 is attached to a rod 20 which passes through a guide tube 21 in the heating device 3 to rest against a pivotable rod 22 spanning the pipe 1. ~rhis rod 22 protrucles through an aperture 23 in the pipe 1 and is linked to the armature of an electromaynet 24. A spring 26 acting between the cover 11 of the heating device 3 and a collar 26 on the rod 20 urges the valve body 18 onto the valve seat 17. When the electromagnet 24 is excited, the rod 22 is pivoted into the position shown in which the rod 20 has moved to the left and the valve body 18 has been lifted from the valve seat 17.
The pipe 1 also contains, at the downstream end, a freely rotatable auxiliary blower wheel 27 with blades or vanes 28. This is driven by the current of air flowing as indicated by the arrows 29. The purpose of the blower wheel 27 with its vanes 28 is to mix the oil vapour emergi.ng from the aperture 16, when the valve 17, 18 is opened, intensively with the combustion air, To prevent any small drops of oil present from being hurled outward against the wall of the pipe 1, and from exerting an unfavourable influence on combustion in the marginal zone of the perforated plate 2, the blower wheel 27 .is surrounded by a casing 30 which tapers towards the perforated plate 2 and ensures that non-vaporised drops of fuel oil are guided into the cen-tral region of ~he pipe 1. To adjust the volume of air-fuel mixture admltted to the co~bustion chamber, it is possible to arrange outside the perforated plate 2 a second perforated plate 31 which can be twisted or moved so that its perforations are brought more or less into coincidence with the per~orations of the plate 2, as required.
In operation, the combustion air is supplied through the pipe 1 by means of a blower ~not shown), and the auxiliary blower wheel 27 is caused to rotate. At the same time fuel oil is supplied through the pipe 12 and the porous body 4 is heated by connecting the heating coils 7 and 8 to a source of electrical current. The fuel oil Elowing through the porous body ~ is then vaporised and the oil vapour passes through the ou~Lct apertures 13 into the chamber 14. On switching on the burner, the electro-magnet 29 is also excited, whereby the valve body 18 is liEted from its seat 17. The oil vapour can now emerge from the chamber 14 through the aperture 16 and mix with the combustion air. The oil vapour/air mixture passes through the apertures of the per-~orated plates 2, 31 and enters the combustion chamber, where it is ignited in the usual way. A blue, non-luminous flame is produced by a short distance from the outer perforated plate 31.
In the event of breakdowns, and in order to allow the rapid replacement of the electrical heating device 3, the latter can be arranged detachably on a cover 33, which closes an aperture 34 in the wall o~ the pipe 1. When the cover 33 is removed, the electrical heating device 3 can be removed as a complete unit, including the valve body 18. To allow this, the supply pipe 12 can be made flexible.
In an alternative arrangement, the auxiliary blower wheel 27 can also be driven by its own motor. The inner heating coil 7 can be omitted, particularly if the inner tube 5 is connected with a waste gap pipe tnot shown). It can then be traversed by hot waste gases and heated by them. These hot waste - 1~3~0~
gases can then be returned, if required, to the combustion chamber.
Alternatively, either or both tubes can be heated directly by electric current flowing through them.
Figure 2 shows an electrical heating device which can be used instead of the heating device 3 in Figure 1. This device contains a porous body 4' in the form of a thin oblong plate, which is surrounded b~ a jacket 35 of good heat-conducting material carrying an outer heating coil 36. The whole is sur-rounded by a lagged housing 37. 12' denotes the oil supply pipe, 21' the valve .rod guide and 16' the continuation of the jacket 35 containing the valve seat and the outElow aperture, corres-ponding to the parts o:E Figure 1 with the same re:~e.rences but uprimed.
Common to the ~wo electrica:L heatincJ devices shown :Ln Figures 1 and 2 is the fact that in both cases the.components of the porous bodies which are only warmed by heat conduction are at a slight distance from the electrically heated wall, so that rapid and uniform heating of the fluid flowing through them is obtained.
Of course, if necessary, several electrically heated porous bodies can be provided. For instance, several plate-shaped porous bodies corresponding to that of Fi~ure 2, with electrically heated jackets, can be arranged parallel to one another in a housing. The spaces between neighbouring plates can form passages for the combustion air, for example when the electrical heating device is to be used for vaporising fuel oil inside an oil burner.
Porous bodies which consist of interconnected poly-crystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metallic whiskers or filaments, such as A12O3 whiskers, car~on, quartz or rock fibres, can be produced with an extremely large inner surface area for the volume of ~he envelope oE the body. They have been used successfully as electrical heating resistance elements for the vaporisation or atomising of liquid fuels. Since direct heating by electric current in many cases causes trouble owing to the good electrical conductivity of such a porous body, it has been proposed to heat the body indirectly by electricity. The porous body is then arranged to be in heat-conductive contact with another element heated by electric current. It has been found that this indirect electric heating does indeed have considerable advantages from the point of view of the source of energy avail~
able, but by comparison with a whiskers skeleton heated by the~
direct passage of electric current it takes rather a long time to heat the fluid to a desired temperature, particularly when a cylindrical porous body oE rather large diameter is used. This is because the central ~one of such a body is warmed very much less strongly than the external zone, which is in the immediate vicinity of the heated wall surrounding the cylinder. A body with alternately arranged heating plates and whisker plates can pro-duce more uniform heating of the whisker portions, but they are '' ~
~ 2 ~
3~0~6 traversed radially from inside to outside and only a short dwell time is possible for the fluid to be heated. Such plates cannot be made with an unduly large diameter for constructional reasons.
Therefore, in order to heat a determined volume of liquid in a given time to a desired temperature or even to vaporise it, the whisker plates must be heated to relatively high temperatures which, when heating or vaporising hydrocarbons, intensifies their tendency to crack and therefore to form pore-choking residues.
It is an object of this invention to provide an ele-ctr.ic heating device using inter-felted whiskers of filaments which is simple in construction and allows rapid and uniform heating of the fluid.
According ko the present invention there is provided an electrical heating device for the heating or vaporisation of fluid, comprising at least one elongated porous body consisting of inter-felted polycrystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metal whiskers or. filaments connected metallically together at their points of contact, and arranged to be traversed in the longitudinal direction by the fluid to be heated, and at least one wall of heat conductive material bounding said bod~ and being in conductive relationship therewith, said wall forming or having associated therewith an electric heating element..
In a preferred embodiment, the body is of hollow cylindrical form and is arranged to be traversed by the fluid in the direc-tion of its axis. The two walls are conveniently inner and outer tubes bounding the cylinder.
In this embodiment, compared with a porous solid cylin-der, there is no central zone which is at a considerable distance from a heat~emitting wall, and which therefore contributes only slightly to the heating of the fluid. There is therefore a con-siderable saving of whiskers and a more rapid and uniform heating of the fluid. With a solid cylinder, the outermost zone has to be excessively heated to compensate for the poor heating of the central zone, in order to attain the desired median temperature.
In particular, for vaporisation of liquid fuels, for instance ~uel oil, diesel oil or petrol, difficulties occur with solid cylinders. It is not practical to heat such hydrocarbons beyond a given temperature since there is otherwise the risk of the formation of residues and cracking, and the excesslvely heated outer zone can promote this.
In a preferred form there is arranged on the outer tube at least, an electric heating coil. The cylinder and tubes conveniently form a unit in a lagged housing having at one end an inlet for the 1uid to be heated and at the other end an out-let for the heated or evaporaked fluid. Such an electric heating device can be used very satisfactorily for heating liquld ~uels, and in particular for the evaporation of fuel oil. For this purpose the unit may be centrally mounted in a pipe for carrying the combustion air, and it can be arranged detachably on a cover which normally closed an aperture in the wall of said pipe. The outlet is preferably governed by a valve. In the event of a breakdown, the unit, or even the housing with the unit, can be removed and discarded and replaced by a new device.
The outer tube is conveniently electrically heated.
The inner pipe may be too, or alternatively it may communicate with a waste gas pipe, so that the hot waste gases heat the inner tube.
Instead of a hollow cylinder, a thin oblong plate-like member may be adopted for the porous body. With this embodiment, it is desirable for the heating of liquid fuels, and in particular for the evaporation of fuel oil, for several such porous bodies with an electrically heated jacket to be arranged parallel to, but spaced from, one another, but at some distance apart, the intervening spaces between neighbouring plates acting as ducts ~)3~0~6 for the passage of the combustion air.
For a better understanding of the invention some con-structional forms thereof will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is an axial section of part of an oil burner with a heating device according to the invention, for vaporizing the fuel oil, and Figure 2 is a perpsective view, longitudinally sectioned, of a modified electrical heating device which could be used in the oil burner shown in Figure 1.
The oil burner of Figure 1 has a pipe 1 for carrying the air for combustion capped at its combustion ch~mber end by a perforated plate 2. Arranged centrally in the pipe 1 is a cylin-drical electrical heating device 3, which serveq to evaporate the fuel oil to be mi~ed with the combustion air. The electric heating device 3 consists of a porous body 4 in the form of a hollow cylinder, which is bounded by an inner tube 5 and an outer tube 6. The porous body 4 is made of inter-felted polycrystalline metal whiskers or metallised non-metallic whiskers or filaments which are metallically bonded at their points of contact. The body 4 is arranged to have good heat communication with both tubes 5 and 6, this being achieved for instance by sintering on or by deposition of metal1for preference by thermal decomposition of a metal compound, in particular a metal carbonyl. The inner tube 5 is provided on its inner surface and the outer tube 6 on it~
outer surface with respective electrical heating colls 7 and 8, which can be connected with a source of electric current (not shown). The space within the inner tube 5 and the intervening annular space 9 between the tubes 5 and 6 containing the porous body 4 are capped at their ends by covers 10 and 11.
An oil supply pipe 12 delivers through the cover 11 into the end of space 9 remote from plate 2. The cover 10 pro-_ 5 _ ~3~ 36 vides a number of outlet apertures 13 from the other end of space 9, opening into a shallow cylindrical chamber 14 which is bounded by the cover 10, an extended end portion of the outer tube 6 and an end plate 15 for the outer tube 6. The chamber 14 has a central outlet aperture 16 in plate 15 with a valve seat 17 which acts in conjunction with a valve body 18 in a manner to be described below. The outer tube 6 is surrounded by a heat-insulating housing 19 at least in the zone of the electric heating coil 8.
The valve body 18 is attached to a rod 20 which passes through a guide tube 21 in the heating device 3 to rest against a pivotable rod 22 spanning the pipe 1. ~rhis rod 22 protrucles through an aperture 23 in the pipe 1 and is linked to the armature of an electromaynet 24. A spring 26 acting between the cover 11 of the heating device 3 and a collar 26 on the rod 20 urges the valve body 18 onto the valve seat 17. When the electromagnet 24 is excited, the rod 22 is pivoted into the position shown in which the rod 20 has moved to the left and the valve body 18 has been lifted from the valve seat 17.
The pipe 1 also contains, at the downstream end, a freely rotatable auxiliary blower wheel 27 with blades or vanes 28. This is driven by the current of air flowing as indicated by the arrows 29. The purpose of the blower wheel 27 with its vanes 28 is to mix the oil vapour emergi.ng from the aperture 16, when the valve 17, 18 is opened, intensively with the combustion air, To prevent any small drops of oil present from being hurled outward against the wall of the pipe 1, and from exerting an unfavourable influence on combustion in the marginal zone of the perforated plate 2, the blower wheel 27 .is surrounded by a casing 30 which tapers towards the perforated plate 2 and ensures that non-vaporised drops of fuel oil are guided into the cen-tral region of ~he pipe 1. To adjust the volume of air-fuel mixture admltted to the co~bustion chamber, it is possible to arrange outside the perforated plate 2 a second perforated plate 31 which can be twisted or moved so that its perforations are brought more or less into coincidence with the per~orations of the plate 2, as required.
In operation, the combustion air is supplied through the pipe 1 by means of a blower ~not shown), and the auxiliary blower wheel 27 is caused to rotate. At the same time fuel oil is supplied through the pipe 12 and the porous body 4 is heated by connecting the heating coils 7 and 8 to a source of electrical current. The fuel oil Elowing through the porous body ~ is then vaporised and the oil vapour passes through the ou~Lct apertures 13 into the chamber 14. On switching on the burner, the electro-magnet 29 is also excited, whereby the valve body 18 is liEted from its seat 17. The oil vapour can now emerge from the chamber 14 through the aperture 16 and mix with the combustion air. The oil vapour/air mixture passes through the apertures of the per-~orated plates 2, 31 and enters the combustion chamber, where it is ignited in the usual way. A blue, non-luminous flame is produced by a short distance from the outer perforated plate 31.
In the event of breakdowns, and in order to allow the rapid replacement of the electrical heating device 3, the latter can be arranged detachably on a cover 33, which closes an aperture 34 in the wall o~ the pipe 1. When the cover 33 is removed, the electrical heating device 3 can be removed as a complete unit, including the valve body 18. To allow this, the supply pipe 12 can be made flexible.
In an alternative arrangement, the auxiliary blower wheel 27 can also be driven by its own motor. The inner heating coil 7 can be omitted, particularly if the inner tube 5 is connected with a waste gap pipe tnot shown). It can then be traversed by hot waste gases and heated by them. These hot waste - 1~3~0~
gases can then be returned, if required, to the combustion chamber.
Alternatively, either or both tubes can be heated directly by electric current flowing through them.
Figure 2 shows an electrical heating device which can be used instead of the heating device 3 in Figure 1. This device contains a porous body 4' in the form of a thin oblong plate, which is surrounded b~ a jacket 35 of good heat-conducting material carrying an outer heating coil 36. The whole is sur-rounded by a lagged housing 37. 12' denotes the oil supply pipe, 21' the valve .rod guide and 16' the continuation of the jacket 35 containing the valve seat and the outElow aperture, corres-ponding to the parts o:E Figure 1 with the same re:~e.rences but uprimed.
Common to the ~wo electrica:L heatincJ devices shown :Ln Figures 1 and 2 is the fact that in both cases the.components of the porous bodies which are only warmed by heat conduction are at a slight distance from the electrically heated wall, so that rapid and uniform heating of the fluid flowing through them is obtained.
Of course, if necessary, several electrically heated porous bodies can be provided. For instance, several plate-shaped porous bodies corresponding to that of Fi~ure 2, with electrically heated jackets, can be arranged parallel to one another in a housing. The spaces between neighbouring plates can form passages for the combustion air, for example when the electrical heating device is to be used for vaporising fuel oil inside an oil burner.
Claims (21)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers of metal-coated-non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which said body is of hollow cylindrical form and is arranged to be traversed by the fluid to be heated in the direction of its axis and two said walls are provided in the form of an inner tube and an outer tube bounding said hollow cylinder.
3. A device in accordance with claim 2, wherein an electric heating coil is arranged t least on the outer tube.
4. A device in accordance with claim 3, wherein an electric heating coil is arranged within the inner tube.
5. A device in accordance with claim 2, wherein a waste gas pipe communication with the inner tube and waste gases in said pipe thereby heating said inner tube.
6. A device in accordance with claim 2, wherein said cylinder and tube form a unit, a lagged housing encloses said unit and said housing has at one end an inlet for the fluid to be heated and at the other end an outlet for the evaporated fluid,
7. A device in accordance with claim 4, in combination with a pipe carrying combustion air, wherein said unit is centrally mounted in said pipe.
8. A device in accordance with claim 5, wherein a cover normally closes an opening in the side of said pipe and said unit is arranged detachably thereon.
9. A device in accordance with claim 4, wherein a valve is provided to govern said outlet.
10. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a msall dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said walls, and said body being a plate-like member.
11. A device in accordance with claim 10, wherein a housing encloses a plurality of said plate-like members, each with an electrically heated casing, arranged parallel to, but spaced from, one another, and the intervening spaces between neighboring plates form ducts for the passage of combustion air.
12. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated-non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, the device including an elongated casing composed of two shells which are connected to each other at their edges, the porous body comprising a flat hull filled with the felted mass, and the hull being formed from a pipe having been pressed flat to a minimum predetermined width.
13. A device in accordance with claim 12, wherein electric heating elements are in the shape of flat plates each comprising an electrical heating lead respectively lying on the side faces of the hull.
14. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated-non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, the porous body comprising an outer hull of good heat-conductive material having the configuration of a flattened pipe so as to form a flat plate, the flat plate being traversed in longitudinal direction by bores which intersect each other to form an internal space surrounded by corrugated walls, and the internal space being filled with the felted mass.
15. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated-non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, the porous body including a casing formed of a number of pipes of rectangular cross section filed with the felted mass, the pipes being stacked upon each other so that the external shape of the porous body assumes the configuration of a flattened pipe.
16. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, the porous body having an outer hull with a configuration like that of a flattened pipe so as to form a flat plate, the hull being taversed by individual separated bores so that the sidewalls of the hull are interconnected by webs between adjacenb bores, and the bores being filled with the felted mass.
17. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, said body is of hollow cylindrical form and is arranged to be traversed by the fluid to be heated in the direction of its axis and two said walls are provided in the form of an inner tube and an outer tube bounding said hollow cylinder, and said wall forming an electrical heating element.
18. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end of the porous body and an, outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, and said body being a plate-like member, and said wall forming an electrical heating element.
19. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a small dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, said body is of hollow cylindrical form and is arranged to be traversed by the fluid to be heated in the direction of its axis and two said walls are provided in the form of an inner tube and an outer tube bounding said hollow cylinder, and the porous body having a thickness of between approximately 2 and 5 mm.
20. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a msall dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting meaterial along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the small dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall and said body being a plate-like member, and the porous body having a thickness of between approximately 2 and 5 mm.
21. An electric heating device for the heating or vaporization of a liquid, comprising: at least one elongated porous body having a msall dimension perpendicular to its longitudinal extension, said porous body consisting of a felted mass of polycrystalline metal whiskers or metal-coated non-metal whiskers metallically interconnected at their point of contact, said porous body being enclosed between walls of heat-conducting material along its longitudinal dimension, means for passing the liquid through the porous body in its longitudinal direction, an inlet connection for the liquid to be heated at one end face of the porous body and an outlet connection at the other end face, an electric heating element in direct contact with at least one of said walls, the samll dimension of the porous body perpendicular to its longitudinal extension providing a thin cross section to facilitate an essentially uniform heating of the porous body by heat radiation from said heated wall and by heat conduction through the whiskers adjacent said wall to the whiskers more remote from said wall, and said wall forming an electrical heating element.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2364455A DE2364455C3 (en) | 1973-12-24 | 1973-12-24 | Electric heater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1038006A true CA1038006A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
Family
ID=5901902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA216,646A Expired CA1038006A (en) | 1973-12-24 | 1974-12-23 | Flow-through metallic feld body heater for fluid |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5096956A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT340030B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE823712A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1038006A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH591663A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD115986A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2364455C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK658774A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2255553B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1442558A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1027912B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7415719L (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0017057B1 (en) * | 1979-03-27 | 1982-03-10 | Danfoss A/S | Fuel oil preheating device |
| DE2912520C2 (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-12-04 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich | Ceramic recuperator for heating combustion air |
| DE3114958A1 (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-11-04 | Beru-Werk Albert Ruprecht Gmbh & Co Kg, 7140 Ludwigsburg | Appliance and method for igniting hydrocarbons |
| DE3526866A1 (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-05 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich | EVAPORATOR FOR LIQUID FUEL TO GENERATE A FUEL-AIR MIXTURE |
| DE102007021937B4 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2014-03-27 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Evaporator assembly, in particular for an evaporator burner of a vehicle heater |
| DE102015110829B4 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2019-11-28 | Webasto SE | Porous fuel processing element |
| EP3462935B1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2020-08-26 | Philip Morris Products S.a.s. | Aerosol-generating system comprising a heated aerosol-generating article |
| WO2017207581A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Heat diffuser for an aerosol-generating system |
| US10952472B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2021-03-23 | Altria Client Services Llc | Heat diffuser for an aerosol-generating system |
| ES2871784T3 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2021-11-02 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Aerosol generator item with heat diffuser |
| US10660368B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2020-05-26 | Altria Client Services Llc | Aerosol generating article with heat diffuser |
| CN107830622B (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-06-16 | 江苏火龙电器股份有限公司 | Intelligent electromagnetic heating equipment with good heating effect and control system thereof |
| CN109869718B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-10-02 | 山东理工大学 | Inclined axial rotation porous medium burner |
-
1973
- 1973-12-24 DE DE2364455A patent/DE2364455C3/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-12-14 CH CH1660774A patent/CH591663A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-16 SE SE7415719A patent/SE7415719L/xx unknown
- 1974-12-16 AT AT1002674A patent/AT340030B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-16 FR FR7441377A patent/FR2255553B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-12-18 GB GB5495674A patent/GB1442558A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-18 DK DK658774A patent/DK658774A/da unknown
- 1974-12-20 IT IT30857/74A patent/IT1027912B/en active
- 1974-12-20 BE BE151816A patent/BE823712A/en unknown
- 1974-12-20 DD DD183283A patent/DD115986A5/xx unknown
- 1974-12-23 CA CA216,646A patent/CA1038006A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-24 JP JP49147700A patent/JPS5096956A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1027912B (en) | 1978-12-20 |
| GB1442558A (en) | 1976-07-14 |
| FR2255553A1 (en) | 1975-07-18 |
| DD115986A5 (en) | 1975-10-20 |
| DE2364455B2 (en) | 1978-09-28 |
| AT340030B (en) | 1977-11-25 |
| DE2364455A1 (en) | 1975-07-03 |
| BE823712A (en) | 1975-04-16 |
| DE2364455C3 (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| CH591663A5 (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| ATA1002674A (en) | 1977-03-15 |
| JPS5096956A (en) | 1975-08-01 |
| DK658774A (en) | 1975-08-18 |
| SE7415719L (en) | 1975-06-25 |
| FR2255553B1 (en) | 1979-01-05 |
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