CA1037374A - Main burner with detachable ignition gun - Google Patents
Main burner with detachable ignition gunInfo
- Publication number
- CA1037374A CA1037374A CA192,677A CA192677A CA1037374A CA 1037374 A CA1037374 A CA 1037374A CA 192677 A CA192677 A CA 192677A CA 1037374 A CA1037374 A CA 1037374A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- ignition
- gas
- main burner
- sulphur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
An ignition gun for igniting a main burner fed with gaseous fuel, having an ignition chamber with a supply inlet for gaseous fuel and for oxygen-containing gas and with a sparking plug for intermittently giving a spark, and a flame tube open at its front end to which tube the said ignition chamber is connected at its rear end.
A combination of an ignition gun and a main burner for gaseous fuel, in which a tube of the main burner having a valve at its rear end acts as the flame tube to which the ignition chamber is detachably connected through a quick-release coupling.
Use of such a combination in a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from gases containing the same.
An ignition gun for igniting a main burner fed with gaseous fuel, having an ignition chamber with a supply inlet for gaseous fuel and for oxygen-containing gas and with a sparking plug for intermittently giving a spark, and a flame tube open at its front end to which tube the said ignition chamber is connected at its rear end.
A combination of an ignition gun and a main burner for gaseous fuel, in which a tube of the main burner having a valve at its rear end acts as the flame tube to which the ignition chamber is detachably connected through a quick-release coupling.
Use of such a combination in a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from gases containing the same.
Description
~0373~7~
, ,, The invention relates tO an ignition gun for igniting main burner ~ed with easeous fuel.
In such a main burner the gun thereof may issue into a refractory-lined combustion chamber ~/hich itself communicates, for example, with a reactor or ~rith a combustion heartb. The ga~eous fuel and the combustion air are usually supplied separately to the ; burner, mixing ~requently taking place outside the gun, i.e. inthe combustion chamber. In this case it i8, for example, possible for the fuel to leave the gun centrally and the air peripherally.
tO The main burner may o~ course be so protected that the supply of fuel is halted in the event of extinction of the flame. A drawback to this is that the main burner has to be re-ignited whenever the supply of fuel is interrupted and the flame is extinguished, which frequently requires a cumbersome procedure. ~his drawback i!3 obviated by the use of a pilot flame or a pilot burner.
The pilot flame has the task of re-igniting the flame immediately if and when it is extinguished, thereby preventing an explosive mixture from collecting in the combustion chnmber.
Once the refractory lining of the burner has reached the operating temperature, self-ignition of the flame frequently takes place in the event of temporary extinction of the ~lame, `
` indicating that the conditiGns ~or a stable flame are re~atively favourable. This is not the case~ however5 when ` 25 a/cold main burner is ignited. At this time the ignition gun or pilot burner must therefore be capable of meeting more severe demands. Flame stability is an important criterion in this connection.
~- A drawback to permanently installed gas-fired pilot burners is the fact that they have a relatively complicated and vulnerable gun, which moreover has to be cooled on account . ;:.
~ of the risk of its becoming overheated by the main flame. Further, j the stability of the flame on such a pilot burner is frequently unsatisfactory, and is further impaired once excess pressure prevails in the combustion chamber or builds up during ignition ;l of the main flame.
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A mobile i~nition gun to be inserted in the main burner, which gun is subsequently removed a~ter ignition and thus is not used as a pilot burner, does not have the drawback of the risk of becoming overheated and will be less subject to corrosion. ~lowever, it has the drawback that the ignition flame, which is ignited outside the main burner, is easily extinguished under the effect of the excess pressure in the main burner during insertion. In particular the mobile ignition guns are very sensitive to the air/fuel ratio and the air pressure and gas pressure relative to the excess pressure in the main burner. Excess pressure or high pressure means ; 10 a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
The object of the present invention is to provide a mobile ignition gun having a large chance of igniting the main burner and which ignition gun overcomes the drawbacks of the known ignition guns.
One aspect of the invention is an ignition gun for igniting a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an outer tube, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber and a spark plug mounted on said chamber for intermitt-ently providing a spark, and means for detachably connecting said ignition gun to the main burner with the chamber communicating with the i~terior of the inner tube such that the inner tube acts as a flame tube to transmit a flame from the ignition gun to the main burner.
A second aspect of the invention is a combination of an ignition gun for igniting a main burner fed with gaseous fuel, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with a supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber, a spark plug mounted on said ch~mber for intermittently providing a spark, and a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an ; outer tube, the end of the inner tube remote from the main burner~ including a valve and the ignition gun being detachably connected to the inner tube.
Such an ignition gun can emit flame flashes at a frequency suitable for igniting a main burner. I the ignition gun is inserted in the main : .
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burner or installed on this main burner the flame flashes leave the open front end of the fl~ne tube and en~er tlle combustion chamber of the main burner ~ld there ignite the main flame of the gun of the main burner.
To this end~ a gas/air mixture should collect in the ignition chamber after each flame flash, which mixture is subsequently ignited by the said spark. A flame front then travels through the said flame tube, after which the flame flash can finally leave the open front end of the fl~le tube.
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~)37;3'74 It will be clear that the risk of fQilure when i~niting the main burner with such an ignition gun i9 remote, particulsrly in view o~ the fact that a number of flQme flashes are generated, each of which provide a chance of success~ul ignition.
Ihe use of a stabilizer is thereby rendered unnecessary. Moreover, the said ~la~e tube cDntains no vulnerable components.
The ignition gun described above may be utilized with great advantage for igniting a main burner operating at excess pressure.
In an excess-pressure burner an excess pressure prevails in the tO combustion chamber with respect to the atmosphere. This requires the ignition gun to be also capable of operating at thi~ excess pressure.
The ignition gun described above can be detachable in the sense that the ignition chamber is provided with means to aetachably connect the same to the ~lame tube. For this purpose the ignition chamber may be provided with a quick-release coupling. In the lattçr case it is possible to leave the flame tube in the main burner aMer the latter has been ignited by means of the ignition gun. This has the advantage that the ignition gun can be employed for several main burners and needs little or no cooling. Another advantage is that a sight glass can be installed in the flame tube after ignition through which it is possible to inspect ~ -the ignited main flame.
The invention also reIates to a combination of an ignition gun as referred to abov~ nd a main burner for gas20us fuel in which the main burner has an annular burner port at the -~
front end o~ a tube which debouches and is open inside the burner port, and which tube has a valve at its rear end, the said tube acting as the flame tube to which the ignition chamber is connected through its quick-release coupling.
Particularl~ in the case of such a main burner, the flame tube m~y readily remain permanently installed while the rest o~
the ignition 6un is remo~ed ~fter i~nition of the v~in burner.
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The ignition Kun is found to be exceptionally effective particularly - with this type of main burner, because the fl~me tube deboUches centrally in the flame ultimately to be generated.
In this connection it should be noted that a maJor advantage of the above-mentioned central positioning of the ignition gun with respect to the main burner lies in the fact that large volumes of sweeping combustion air cool the flame tube of the ignition gun.
The above-mentioned combination according to the invention is preferably equipped with a safety device which responds to the flame. It is possible for this device to respond only to the main flame to be ignited in the main burner, so that it is known when the ignition attempt has succeeded and dis~ssembly of the ignition gun may commence, if desired. An alternative ; 15 or additional possibility is to utilize a detector which moreover responds to the fl~e flashes from the ignition gun itsel~
In the latter case it is, for example, possible to link this detector with the gaseous fuel supply to the main burner, the said supply remaining closed if no ~lame flashes are ;`
detected. Equally, however, it is possible to inspect by human agency whether the ignition gun is operating when installed in the above-mentioned combination oY ignition gun and main burner.
The main burner m,~y advantageously have a gun with a hollow, `
double-walled, cylindrical barrel in which the fuel flows between the walls of the inner tube and the outer tube to an annular ~ ~ -,. :. .
slit at the front end of the barrel ana in which the air flows ~ ~ !
via a register along the exterior of the barrel to the front end thereo~. The inner tube of the barrel can in that case act as flame tube. -The invention may be utilized with advantage in a sulphur ~, recovery plant for the preparation o~ elementary sulphur from and H2S-containing gas3 comprising a first burner for the ~ .
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:~0373~4 - ' -combu~tion of nt l~st part of the H2S to S02, a thermal reactor for th& formation o~ elementary sulphur by reaction of the formed S02 with the remaining H2S at elev~ted temper~tUre~
a first condenser for cooling the gas leaving the thermal re~ctor for the condens~tion and removal o~ sulphur, as well as ~t lea~t one catalytic unit for the further conversion of H2S, comprising a second burner for the preparation of hot combustion ga~es from gaseous fuel for heating the gas leaving the first cooler and a catalytic reactor for the further reaction o~ H2S and S02 in the gas and a second cooler for cooling the ga~3 leaving the catalytic reactor for the condensation and removal of further sulphur.
The second burner used in the above~mentioned plant may consi6t of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner accordine to the invention.
For the sake of clar:ity it is mentioned in this connection that problems which occur especially in the burner of the catalytic unit~ the so-called line burner with a permanently installed ignition gun are the rapid corrosion of the ignition gun and the clogging with solid sulphur of the barrel of the ignition gunO This is very closely related to the non-central positioning of the ignition gun in the burner o~ conventional sulphur recovery plants, because some of the sulphur formed is recycled in the specially formed flame. Central positioning o~ the ignition gun in accordance with the invention obviates this drawback since the combustion air supplied via the main burner prevents deposition of sulphur at the locus of the gun of the burner.
The main burner of the above-mentioned combination according to the invention is ignited by - if necessary - connecting the ignition chamber to the vslve, by opening the valve, supplying gas and air to the ignition gun and switching on the sparking ! plug, and subsequently ignit;ng the main burner, to which a 3 ........ . . ..
~a373~74 - r g~seous fuel and air are supplied, whereupon, once the main burner hQs been ignited, tho supply o~ ~RS Qnd air to the ignition gun is shut off, the aparking plu~ is ~witched of~ and the v~lve is closed. Optionally the ignition chamber is di~connected from the valve The invention further relates to the use of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner as a gun in a process for the preparation of elementary sulphur from an H2S-containing gas, in which proess at least part of the H2S is burnt to ~ive S02, which S02 is thermally reacted with the remaining H20, the formed s~phur being condensed and removed by cooling the gas, the cooled gas is reheated in a burner which i9 fed with a gaseous fuel and wherein its resultant hot combustion gases are mixed with the cooled gas, whereafter the heated gas mixture is passed through at least one catalytic converter for the further reaction of H2S and S02, followed by cooling for the condensation and removal of further sulphur.
The combin~tion accorcling to the invention is also suitable for -use as a burner in a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from an off-gas Erom a sulphur recovery plant in which the oEf-gas containing the sulphur compounds is firstly heated in a burner`~ -~ which is fired with gaseous fuel and in which burner the off-gas - is mixed with its hot combustion gases, the heated off-gas mixture is subsequently mixed with a reducing gas ~nd substantially all sulphur compounds are catalytically redùced to H2S9 after which H2S is at least substantially removed from the off-gas by absorption and recycled to the said sulphur recovery plant.
The invention is pre-eminently applicable to p~cesses QS
referred to above, provided that an excess pressure of at least ; 30 0.01 atm. prevails in the combustion chamber of the main burner.
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The in~re~tion will now be furthcr elucida-ted with r~ference to the drawings.
F`ig. 1 is a large-scale axial cross-section of the gun of a main burner, attached to which is ~n ignitio~ eun according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an axi~1 cross-section of a burner used in a sulphur recovery plant.
Fig . 1 shows a gun 1 of a main burner 2, to which an ignition gun 3 according to an embodiment of the invention is detachably attached. Between ignition gun 3 and gun 1 a valve 4 is provided.
Main burner 2, which i8 of the type shown in Fig. 2.
comprises a combustion chamber 5 (partly sho~m) with a refractory lining 6 and an annular opening 7, in which gun 1 is inserted.
This gun 1 comprises a double-walled barrel, of which the inner tube 8 widens in a funnel-shaped manner at its free end 9, and of which the outer tube 10 is provided with a connection 11 for ~-the supply of gaseous fuel to an annular slit 12. Via this slit 12 the fuel leaves gun 1, after which it fans out and becomes intensively mixed with the combustion air which is supplied via an air register 13 and a guide funnel 14 from an air box 15 (partially shownj. Inner tube 8 of gun 1 acts as a flame tube ~or ignition gun 3.
The rear end 16 of gun 1, which projects clear of main ; 25 burner 2~ is provided with a screw thread to permit fixing of a valve 4 9 which is permanently fixed on the rear end 16 of the gun and also has a connecting sleeve 17. Ignition gun 3 comprises an ignition chamber 18 which can be connected to ;
or detached from sleeve 17 by means of a quick-release coupling 19. After ignition chamber 18 has been coupled to gun 1 by means of the said sleeve and valve 4 has been opened9 a single continuous passa6e ses ed at lts rear end 20 with s sight g1sss 21, , ' , .
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i5 created ~rhich debouches in combustion chamber 5 Or the m~in burner.
An air supply nozzle 22 and a g~ supply nozzle 23 debouch in ignition chF~nber 18. A sparking pl1lg 24 is also inserted into the ignition chamber, the terminal of which sparking plug is visible at 25.
~` The shape of the front end of the gun is so adapted to the shape of the burner port 7 of the combustion chamber 5 that a special flame shape is obtained in this chamber 5. It will be clear that the gaseous ~uel, immediately after leaving the annular slit 12, is struck by the whirling air stream leaving the air register 13. As a result, intimate mixing immediately takes place before the flame forms in the shape of a double vortex in the combu~tion chamber 5. It is observed that combustion chamber 5 corresponds with re~erence numeral 50 in Fig. 2.
The operation of the ignition gun shown in Fig. 1 is as ~ -follows. The gas supply to gun 1 of the main burner is shut off and valve 4 is also closed. Then, by means of ~uick-release coupling 19 ignition chamber 18 o~ ignition gun 3 is installed and valve 4 opened. Next the air supply to noz~le 22 is opened and sparking plug 24 is switched on. Subsequentl~ the supply for gaseous fuel to no~zle 23 is opened. Then, at the rate at which sparking plug 24 generates sparkæ, flame flashes leave the front end of gun 1 via flame tube 8. Whether ignition gun 3 is in fact functioning may be inspected through sight glass 21. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for a safety device to be installed in main burner 2 which detects whether a flame is or flame flashes are present. Such a safety device may be, for example~ a cell sensitive to ultraviolet radiation installed in the masonry of combustion chamber 5 of the main burner. ;
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,, ~0373q~ - lo Subsequently the air supply to the ~ain bur~er i9 opened, after which the supply for gaseous fuel to connection 11 i8 opened. This procedure is generally monitored by the above safety device for detecting whether the main flame Or gun 1 has ignited within a certain period. If this is not the csse the supply for gaseou.s fuel i9 shut off, whereupon a new attempt can be made. If ignition has been successful, however1 the fuel supply via nozzle 23 is then shut off, sparking plug 24 switched off, the air supply via no~zle 22 interrupted, valve 4 closed and the ignition gun is detached from sleeve 17.
It is now possible to install, by means of quick-release coupling 19, a tube end - not shown - in the place of the removed ignition chamber, the rear end of which -tube carries a sight glass similar to sight glass 21. The flame of the main burner may be watched by temporarily opening valve 4.
If use is made of propane, for example, available virtually every~rhere in gas bottles, as gaseous ruel ~or ignition gun 3, a gas pressure of at most about 3 atm and an air pressure for the combustion air of at most about 10 atm are sufficient to operate the ignition gun. The sparks may be generated, for example, at a frequency of approx. two per second by means of a 24V alternating current source; the highest discharge voltage on the sparking plug may be, for example, 2500V.
Line burner 42~ which is suitable for use in a sulphur recovery plant (Clausplant), is shown in a cross-section and on a large scale in Fig. 2. It is fired with a gaseous fuel supplied via a line 11'to gun 46. Compressed air or an oxygen-containing gas is introduced via an inlet 48 in the above-mentioned manner, whirling around gun 46, via an air box 49, air register 13' and guide funnel 14'. The combustion in the line burner should be stoichiometrically as precise as possible, ae otherrriG~ either 52 or N2N will be pr~sent i= the :
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of i -gas .
In a mixing chamber 43 with refractory linin~ 51 the combustion gases f'omed in combustion chamber 50 of line burner 42 are mixed with the process gases to be heated which are supplied via an inlet 52. The heated ga3, mixed with the combustion gases, leaves mixing chamber 43 via a discharge 53.
It can further be seen that an ignition gun 3' is , installed on the rear end of gun 46 which i8 provided with a valve 4'.
For the construction and operation o~ the ignition gun reference is made to the description given in Fig. 1.
The ignition gun to which the invention relates may be used on the above-mentioned burners and in particular, for example, on a burner of the type as shown in Fig. 2. This type Or burner dis-tinguishes itself among other things by the lateral inlet 48 for the combustion air, to which air register 13' with funnel-shaped interior 14' connects for the creation of an air stream whirling around the central gun 46, In using the line burner 42 in a sulphur recovery plant the process gas introduced via inlet 52 emanates from a preceding sulphur condenser. The heated gas mixture leaving the mixing chamber via discharge 53 is conducted `~
to a catalytic reactor. Burner and catalytic reactor form together the catalytic unit of the sulphur recovery plant. ~ ,-Such a plant may have more than one catalytic unit. In the first catalytic unit the process gas introduced via inlet 52 emanates from the sulphur condenser following the thermal reactor; in any following catalytic unit this process -`
gas emanates from a sulphur condenser following the preceding ct~lytia unit.
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, ,, The invention relates tO an ignition gun for igniting main burner ~ed with easeous fuel.
In such a main burner the gun thereof may issue into a refractory-lined combustion chamber ~/hich itself communicates, for example, with a reactor or ~rith a combustion heartb. The ga~eous fuel and the combustion air are usually supplied separately to the ; burner, mixing ~requently taking place outside the gun, i.e. inthe combustion chamber. In this case it i8, for example, possible for the fuel to leave the gun centrally and the air peripherally.
tO The main burner may o~ course be so protected that the supply of fuel is halted in the event of extinction of the flame. A drawback to this is that the main burner has to be re-ignited whenever the supply of fuel is interrupted and the flame is extinguished, which frequently requires a cumbersome procedure. ~his drawback i!3 obviated by the use of a pilot flame or a pilot burner.
The pilot flame has the task of re-igniting the flame immediately if and when it is extinguished, thereby preventing an explosive mixture from collecting in the combustion chnmber.
Once the refractory lining of the burner has reached the operating temperature, self-ignition of the flame frequently takes place in the event of temporary extinction of the ~lame, `
` indicating that the conditiGns ~or a stable flame are re~atively favourable. This is not the case~ however5 when ` 25 a/cold main burner is ignited. At this time the ignition gun or pilot burner must therefore be capable of meeting more severe demands. Flame stability is an important criterion in this connection.
~- A drawback to permanently installed gas-fired pilot burners is the fact that they have a relatively complicated and vulnerable gun, which moreover has to be cooled on account . ;:.
~ of the risk of its becoming overheated by the main flame. Further, j the stability of the flame on such a pilot burner is frequently unsatisfactory, and is further impaired once excess pressure prevails in the combustion chamber or builds up during ignition ;l of the main flame.
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A mobile i~nition gun to be inserted in the main burner, which gun is subsequently removed a~ter ignition and thus is not used as a pilot burner, does not have the drawback of the risk of becoming overheated and will be less subject to corrosion. ~lowever, it has the drawback that the ignition flame, which is ignited outside the main burner, is easily extinguished under the effect of the excess pressure in the main burner during insertion. In particular the mobile ignition guns are very sensitive to the air/fuel ratio and the air pressure and gas pressure relative to the excess pressure in the main burner. Excess pressure or high pressure means ; 10 a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
The object of the present invention is to provide a mobile ignition gun having a large chance of igniting the main burner and which ignition gun overcomes the drawbacks of the known ignition guns.
One aspect of the invention is an ignition gun for igniting a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an outer tube, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber and a spark plug mounted on said chamber for intermitt-ently providing a spark, and means for detachably connecting said ignition gun to the main burner with the chamber communicating with the i~terior of the inner tube such that the inner tube acts as a flame tube to transmit a flame from the ignition gun to the main burner.
A second aspect of the invention is a combination of an ignition gun for igniting a main burner fed with gaseous fuel, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with a supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber, a spark plug mounted on said ch~mber for intermittently providing a spark, and a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an ; outer tube, the end of the inner tube remote from the main burner~ including a valve and the ignition gun being detachably connected to the inner tube.
Such an ignition gun can emit flame flashes at a frequency suitable for igniting a main burner. I the ignition gun is inserted in the main : .
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~L0373~
burner or installed on this main burner the flame flashes leave the open front end of the fl~ne tube and en~er tlle combustion chamber of the main burner ~ld there ignite the main flame of the gun of the main burner.
To this end~ a gas/air mixture should collect in the ignition chamber after each flame flash, which mixture is subsequently ignited by the said spark. A flame front then travels through the said flame tube, after which the flame flash can finally leave the open front end of the fl~le tube.
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~)37;3'74 It will be clear that the risk of fQilure when i~niting the main burner with such an ignition gun i9 remote, particulsrly in view o~ the fact that a number of flQme flashes are generated, each of which provide a chance of success~ul ignition.
Ihe use of a stabilizer is thereby rendered unnecessary. Moreover, the said ~la~e tube cDntains no vulnerable components.
The ignition gun described above may be utilized with great advantage for igniting a main burner operating at excess pressure.
In an excess-pressure burner an excess pressure prevails in the tO combustion chamber with respect to the atmosphere. This requires the ignition gun to be also capable of operating at thi~ excess pressure.
The ignition gun described above can be detachable in the sense that the ignition chamber is provided with means to aetachably connect the same to the ~lame tube. For this purpose the ignition chamber may be provided with a quick-release coupling. In the lattçr case it is possible to leave the flame tube in the main burner aMer the latter has been ignited by means of the ignition gun. This has the advantage that the ignition gun can be employed for several main burners and needs little or no cooling. Another advantage is that a sight glass can be installed in the flame tube after ignition through which it is possible to inspect ~ -the ignited main flame.
The invention also reIates to a combination of an ignition gun as referred to abov~ nd a main burner for gas20us fuel in which the main burner has an annular burner port at the -~
front end o~ a tube which debouches and is open inside the burner port, and which tube has a valve at its rear end, the said tube acting as the flame tube to which the ignition chamber is connected through its quick-release coupling.
Particularl~ in the case of such a main burner, the flame tube m~y readily remain permanently installed while the rest o~
the ignition 6un is remo~ed ~fter i~nition of the v~in burner.
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.
~: :, : ' .: ~ ' , . . . .
~10373~4 - 5 ~
The ignition Kun is found to be exceptionally effective particularly - with this type of main burner, because the fl~me tube deboUches centrally in the flame ultimately to be generated.
In this connection it should be noted that a maJor advantage of the above-mentioned central positioning of the ignition gun with respect to the main burner lies in the fact that large volumes of sweeping combustion air cool the flame tube of the ignition gun.
The above-mentioned combination according to the invention is preferably equipped with a safety device which responds to the flame. It is possible for this device to respond only to the main flame to be ignited in the main burner, so that it is known when the ignition attempt has succeeded and dis~ssembly of the ignition gun may commence, if desired. An alternative ; 15 or additional possibility is to utilize a detector which moreover responds to the fl~e flashes from the ignition gun itsel~
In the latter case it is, for example, possible to link this detector with the gaseous fuel supply to the main burner, the said supply remaining closed if no ~lame flashes are ;`
detected. Equally, however, it is possible to inspect by human agency whether the ignition gun is operating when installed in the above-mentioned combination oY ignition gun and main burner.
The main burner m,~y advantageously have a gun with a hollow, `
double-walled, cylindrical barrel in which the fuel flows between the walls of the inner tube and the outer tube to an annular ~ ~ -,. :. .
slit at the front end of the barrel ana in which the air flows ~ ~ !
via a register along the exterior of the barrel to the front end thereo~. The inner tube of the barrel can in that case act as flame tube. -The invention may be utilized with advantage in a sulphur ~, recovery plant for the preparation o~ elementary sulphur from and H2S-containing gas3 comprising a first burner for the ~ .
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':
'', ,, ': " , ' ' '' ' :,. ' .,.' ' ' ' ' ' ' . ` ' ' . . ' ', " . ' '' , :
:~0373~4 - ' -combu~tion of nt l~st part of the H2S to S02, a thermal reactor for th& formation o~ elementary sulphur by reaction of the formed S02 with the remaining H2S at elev~ted temper~tUre~
a first condenser for cooling the gas leaving the thermal re~ctor for the condens~tion and removal o~ sulphur, as well as ~t lea~t one catalytic unit for the further conversion of H2S, comprising a second burner for the preparation of hot combustion ga~es from gaseous fuel for heating the gas leaving the first cooler and a catalytic reactor for the further reaction o~ H2S and S02 in the gas and a second cooler for cooling the ga~3 leaving the catalytic reactor for the condensation and removal of further sulphur.
The second burner used in the above~mentioned plant may consi6t of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner accordine to the invention.
For the sake of clar:ity it is mentioned in this connection that problems which occur especially in the burner of the catalytic unit~ the so-called line burner with a permanently installed ignition gun are the rapid corrosion of the ignition gun and the clogging with solid sulphur of the barrel of the ignition gunO This is very closely related to the non-central positioning of the ignition gun in the burner o~ conventional sulphur recovery plants, because some of the sulphur formed is recycled in the specially formed flame. Central positioning o~ the ignition gun in accordance with the invention obviates this drawback since the combustion air supplied via the main burner prevents deposition of sulphur at the locus of the gun of the burner.
The main burner of the above-mentioned combination according to the invention is ignited by - if necessary - connecting the ignition chamber to the vslve, by opening the valve, supplying gas and air to the ignition gun and switching on the sparking ! plug, and subsequently ignit;ng the main burner, to which a 3 ........ . . ..
~a373~74 - r g~seous fuel and air are supplied, whereupon, once the main burner hQs been ignited, tho supply o~ ~RS Qnd air to the ignition gun is shut off, the aparking plu~ is ~witched of~ and the v~lve is closed. Optionally the ignition chamber is di~connected from the valve The invention further relates to the use of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner as a gun in a process for the preparation of elementary sulphur from an H2S-containing gas, in which proess at least part of the H2S is burnt to ~ive S02, which S02 is thermally reacted with the remaining H20, the formed s~phur being condensed and removed by cooling the gas, the cooled gas is reheated in a burner which i9 fed with a gaseous fuel and wherein its resultant hot combustion gases are mixed with the cooled gas, whereafter the heated gas mixture is passed through at least one catalytic converter for the further reaction of H2S and S02, followed by cooling for the condensation and removal of further sulphur.
The combin~tion accorcling to the invention is also suitable for -use as a burner in a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from an off-gas Erom a sulphur recovery plant in which the oEf-gas containing the sulphur compounds is firstly heated in a burner`~ -~ which is fired with gaseous fuel and in which burner the off-gas - is mixed with its hot combustion gases, the heated off-gas mixture is subsequently mixed with a reducing gas ~nd substantially all sulphur compounds are catalytically redùced to H2S9 after which H2S is at least substantially removed from the off-gas by absorption and recycled to the said sulphur recovery plant.
The invention is pre-eminently applicable to p~cesses QS
referred to above, provided that an excess pressure of at least ; 30 0.01 atm. prevails in the combustion chamber of the main burner.
:' , ~
, ..
;- ~ - ~ : ; .
The in~re~tion will now be furthcr elucida-ted with r~ference to the drawings.
F`ig. 1 is a large-scale axial cross-section of the gun of a main burner, attached to which is ~n ignitio~ eun according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an axi~1 cross-section of a burner used in a sulphur recovery plant.
Fig . 1 shows a gun 1 of a main burner 2, to which an ignition gun 3 according to an embodiment of the invention is detachably attached. Between ignition gun 3 and gun 1 a valve 4 is provided.
Main burner 2, which i8 of the type shown in Fig. 2.
comprises a combustion chamber 5 (partly sho~m) with a refractory lining 6 and an annular opening 7, in which gun 1 is inserted.
This gun 1 comprises a double-walled barrel, of which the inner tube 8 widens in a funnel-shaped manner at its free end 9, and of which the outer tube 10 is provided with a connection 11 for ~-the supply of gaseous fuel to an annular slit 12. Via this slit 12 the fuel leaves gun 1, after which it fans out and becomes intensively mixed with the combustion air which is supplied via an air register 13 and a guide funnel 14 from an air box 15 (partially shownj. Inner tube 8 of gun 1 acts as a flame tube ~or ignition gun 3.
The rear end 16 of gun 1, which projects clear of main ; 25 burner 2~ is provided with a screw thread to permit fixing of a valve 4 9 which is permanently fixed on the rear end 16 of the gun and also has a connecting sleeve 17. Ignition gun 3 comprises an ignition chamber 18 which can be connected to ;
or detached from sleeve 17 by means of a quick-release coupling 19. After ignition chamber 18 has been coupled to gun 1 by means of the said sleeve and valve 4 has been opened9 a single continuous passa6e ses ed at lts rear end 20 with s sight g1sss 21, , ' , .
;
~373~
i5 created ~rhich debouches in combustion chamber 5 Or the m~in burner.
An air supply nozzle 22 and a g~ supply nozzle 23 debouch in ignition chF~nber 18. A sparking pl1lg 24 is also inserted into the ignition chamber, the terminal of which sparking plug is visible at 25.
~` The shape of the front end of the gun is so adapted to the shape of the burner port 7 of the combustion chamber 5 that a special flame shape is obtained in this chamber 5. It will be clear that the gaseous ~uel, immediately after leaving the annular slit 12, is struck by the whirling air stream leaving the air register 13. As a result, intimate mixing immediately takes place before the flame forms in the shape of a double vortex in the combu~tion chamber 5. It is observed that combustion chamber 5 corresponds with re~erence numeral 50 in Fig. 2.
The operation of the ignition gun shown in Fig. 1 is as ~ -follows. The gas supply to gun 1 of the main burner is shut off and valve 4 is also closed. Then, by means of ~uick-release coupling 19 ignition chamber 18 o~ ignition gun 3 is installed and valve 4 opened. Next the air supply to noz~le 22 is opened and sparking plug 24 is switched on. Subsequentl~ the supply for gaseous fuel to no~zle 23 is opened. Then, at the rate at which sparking plug 24 generates sparkæ, flame flashes leave the front end of gun 1 via flame tube 8. Whether ignition gun 3 is in fact functioning may be inspected through sight glass 21. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for a safety device to be installed in main burner 2 which detects whether a flame is or flame flashes are present. Such a safety device may be, for example~ a cell sensitive to ultraviolet radiation installed in the masonry of combustion chamber 5 of the main burner. ;
~.
. .
,, ~0373q~ - lo Subsequently the air supply to the ~ain bur~er i9 opened, after which the supply for gaseous fuel to connection 11 i8 opened. This procedure is generally monitored by the above safety device for detecting whether the main flame Or gun 1 has ignited within a certain period. If this is not the csse the supply for gaseou.s fuel i9 shut off, whereupon a new attempt can be made. If ignition has been successful, however1 the fuel supply via nozzle 23 is then shut off, sparking plug 24 switched off, the air supply via no~zle 22 interrupted, valve 4 closed and the ignition gun is detached from sleeve 17.
It is now possible to install, by means of quick-release coupling 19, a tube end - not shown - in the place of the removed ignition chamber, the rear end of which -tube carries a sight glass similar to sight glass 21. The flame of the main burner may be watched by temporarily opening valve 4.
If use is made of propane, for example, available virtually every~rhere in gas bottles, as gaseous ruel ~or ignition gun 3, a gas pressure of at most about 3 atm and an air pressure for the combustion air of at most about 10 atm are sufficient to operate the ignition gun. The sparks may be generated, for example, at a frequency of approx. two per second by means of a 24V alternating current source; the highest discharge voltage on the sparking plug may be, for example, 2500V.
Line burner 42~ which is suitable for use in a sulphur recovery plant (Clausplant), is shown in a cross-section and on a large scale in Fig. 2. It is fired with a gaseous fuel supplied via a line 11'to gun 46. Compressed air or an oxygen-containing gas is introduced via an inlet 48 in the above-mentioned manner, whirling around gun 46, via an air box 49, air register 13' and guide funnel 14'. The combustion in the line burner should be stoichiometrically as precise as possible, ae otherrriG~ either 52 or N2N will be pr~sent i= the :
' .
... . . . . . . . .
of i -gas .
In a mixing chamber 43 with refractory linin~ 51 the combustion gases f'omed in combustion chamber 50 of line burner 42 are mixed with the process gases to be heated which are supplied via an inlet 52. The heated ga3, mixed with the combustion gases, leaves mixing chamber 43 via a discharge 53.
It can further be seen that an ignition gun 3' is , installed on the rear end of gun 46 which i8 provided with a valve 4'.
For the construction and operation o~ the ignition gun reference is made to the description given in Fig. 1.
The ignition gun to which the invention relates may be used on the above-mentioned burners and in particular, for example, on a burner of the type as shown in Fig. 2. This type Or burner dis-tinguishes itself among other things by the lateral inlet 48 for the combustion air, to which air register 13' with funnel-shaped interior 14' connects for the creation of an air stream whirling around the central gun 46, In using the line burner 42 in a sulphur recovery plant the process gas introduced via inlet 52 emanates from a preceding sulphur condenser. The heated gas mixture leaving the mixing chamber via discharge 53 is conducted `~
to a catalytic reactor. Burner and catalytic reactor form together the catalytic unit of the sulphur recovery plant. ~ ,-Such a plant may have more than one catalytic unit. In the first catalytic unit the process gas introduced via inlet 52 emanates from the sulphur condenser following the thermal reactor; in any following catalytic unit this process -`
gas emanates from a sulphur condenser following the preceding ct~lytia unit.
~, .
~-, ., :
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An ignition gun for igniting a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an outer tube, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber and a spark plug mounted on said chamber for intermittently providing a spark, and means for detachably connecting said ignition gun to the main burner with the chamber communicating with the interior of the inner tube such that the inner tube acts as a flame tube to transmit a flame from the ignition gun to the main burner.
2. An ignition gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for detachably connecting the ignition gun to the main burner comprises a quick-release coupling.
3. A combination of an ignition gun for igniting a main burner fed with gaseous fuel, said ignition gun having an ignition chamber provided with a supply inlet means for injecting gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas into the ignition chamber, a spark plug mounted on said chamber for intermittently providing a spark, and a main burner wherein fuel is supplied through an annulus between an inner tube and an outer tube, the end of the inner tube remote from the main burner, including a valve and the ignition gun being detachably connected to the inner tube.
4. A combination as claimed in claim 3, in which the main burner is equipped with a safety device to detect the presence of a flame or flame flashes.
5. A sulphur recovery plant for the preparation of elementary sulphur from H2S-containing gases, comprising a first burner for the combustion of at least part of the H2S to SO2, a thermal reactor for the formation of elementary sulphur by reaction of the formed SO2 with the remaining H2S at elevated temperature, a first condenser for cooling the gas leaving the thermal reactor for the condensation and removal of sulphur, as well as at least one catalytic unit for the further conversion of H2S, comprising a second burner for the preparation of hot combustion gases from gaseous fuel for heating the gas leaving the first cooler and a catalytic reactor for the further reaction of H2S and SO2 in the gas and a second cooler for cool-ing the gas leaving the catalytic reactor for the condensation and removal of further sulphur, the said second burner including a combination as claimed in either of claims 3 or 4.
6. Use of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner as claimed in either of claims 3 or 4 as a burner in a process for the preparat-ion of elementary sulphur from an H2S-containing gas 3 in which process at least part of the H2S is burnt to give SO2, which SO2 is thermally reacted with the remaining H2S, the formed sulphur being condensed and removed by cooling the gas, the cooled gas is reheated in a burner which is fed with a gaseous fuel and wherein its resultant hot combustion gases are mixed with the cooled gas, whereafter the heated gas mixture is passed through at least one catalytic converter for the further reaction of H2S and SO2, followed by cooling for the condensation and removal of further sulphur.
7. Use of a combination of an ignition gun and a main burner as claimed in either of claims 3 or 4 as a burner in a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from an off-gas of a sulphur recovery plant in which process the off-gas containing the sulphur compounds in firstly heated in a burner which is fired with a gaseous fuel and wherein the off-gas is mixed with its hot combustion gases, and in which the heated off-gas mixture is subsequently mixed with a reducing gas and substantially all sulphur com-pounds are catalytically reduced to H2S, after which H2S is at least sub-stantially removed from the off-gas mixture by absorption and recycled to the said sulphur recovery plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7303416A NL7303416A (en) | 1973-03-12 | 1973-03-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1037374A true CA1037374A (en) | 1978-08-29 |
Family
ID=19818410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA192,677A Expired CA1037374A (en) | 1973-03-12 | 1974-02-15 | Main burner with detachable ignition gun |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS49120236A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1037374A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2228198A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7303416A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3150710A (en) * | 1961-06-27 | 1964-09-29 | Riley Stoker Corp | Electrically ignited pilot burner |
| US3265114A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1966-08-09 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Ignitor-burner assembly |
| US3404939A (en) * | 1965-10-06 | 1968-10-08 | Carrier Corp | Fuel burner ignitor |
-
1973
- 1973-03-12 NL NL7303416A patent/NL7303416A/xx unknown
-
1974
- 1974-02-15 CA CA192,677A patent/CA1037374A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-11 FR FR7408183A patent/FR2228198A1/en active Granted
- 1974-03-11 JP JP2728574A patent/JPS49120236A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2228198B1 (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| JPS49120236A (en) | 1974-11-16 |
| FR2228198A1 (en) | 1974-11-29 |
| NL7303416A (en) | 1974-01-25 |
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