BR9713793A - Pano não dispersivo co-formado ligado com um sistema hìbrido e método para fabricação ddo mesmo - Google Patents

Pano não dispersivo co-formado ligado com um sistema hìbrido e método para fabricação ddo mesmo

Info

Publication number
BR9713793A
BR9713793A BR9713793A BR9713793A BR9713793A BR 9713793 A BR9713793 A BR 9713793A BR 9713793 A BR9713793 A BR 9713793A BR 9713793 A BR9713793 A BR 9713793A BR 9713793 A BR9713793 A BR 9713793A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
cloth
water
dispersive
primary
fibers
Prior art date
Application number
BR9713793A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Martin Jackson
Audrie T Ono
Pavneet Singh Mumick
William Seal Pomplum
Kenneth Y Wang
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Co filed Critical Kimberly Clark Co
Publication of BR9713793A publication Critical patent/BR9713793A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/555—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by ultrasonic heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/407—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing absorbing substances, e.g. activated carbon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/06—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by welding-together thermoplastic fibres, filaments, or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/08—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/4383—Composite fibres sea-island
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43832—Composite fibres side-by-side
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
    • Y10T442/615—Strand or fiber material is blended with another chemically different microfiber in the same layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
    • Y10T442/615—Strand or fiber material is blended with another chemically different microfiber in the same layer
    • Y10T442/616—Blend of synthetic polymeric and inorganic microfibers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
    • Y10T442/625—Autogenously bonded

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Abstract

<B>PANO NãO TECIDO DISPERSIVO CO-FORMADO LIGADO COM UM SISTEMA HìBRIDO E MéTODO PARA FABRICAçãO DO MESMO<D> Uma estrutura de pano não tecido fibroso, co-formado, dispersivo em água compreendendo um material de polímero de reforço, primário, preferivelmente capaz de ser fiado por fusão; um material de polímero de reforço secundário tendo um comprimento médio de fibra menor do que ou igual a aproximadamente 15 mm e preferivelmente tendo um ponto de amolecimento de pelo menos aproximadamente 30°C mais baixo do que o ponto de amolecimento do polímero de reforço primário; e, um material absorvente, como polpa ou um superabsorvente. A estrutura de pano mantém resistência à tração e maciez desejáveis enquanto sendo dispersiva em água e levada por descarga de água. O pano produzido pode ser incorporado em um artigo e pode ser levado por descarga de água em um vaso sanitário. O pano é levado por descarga de água quando colocado em água, com agitação, se necessário, e dispersará em pedaços não reconhecíveis sem obstrução de encanamento ou tubulação convencional. Um método de produzir a estrutura de pano compreende misturar o material de reforço secundário e material absorvente e injetar esta mistura de co-formação em um fluxo de fibras de reforço primárias, fiadas por fusão. Após estabelecer uma estrutura de trama, a estrutura é exposta à energia térmica ou ultra-sónica suficiente para amolecer e ligar as fibras de material de reforço, secundárias, porém não para amolecer as fibras de material de reforço primárias. Pode-se imprimir um padrão estampado na estrutura.
BR9713793A 1996-12-31 1997-12-30 Pano não dispersivo co-formado ligado com um sistema hìbrido e método para fabricação ddo mesmo BR9713793A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/774,417 US5952251A (en) 1995-06-30 1996-12-31 Coformed dispersible nonwoven fabric bonded with a hybrid system
PCT/US1997/023724 WO1998029590A2 (en) 1996-12-31 1997-12-30 Coformed dispersible nonwoven fabric bonded with a hybrid system and method of making same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9713793A true BR9713793A (pt) 2001-09-18

Family

ID=25101166

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9713793A BR9713793A (pt) 1996-12-31 1997-12-30 Pano não dispersivo co-formado ligado com um sistema hìbrido e método para fabricação ddo mesmo

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5952251A (pt)
EP (1) EP0950134B1 (pt)
KR (1) KR100493841B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1113994C (pt)
AU (1) AU730627B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9713793A (pt)
CA (1) CA2275418A1 (pt)
DE (1) DE69739313D1 (pt)
WO (1) WO1998029590A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (88)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6127593A (en) 1997-11-25 2000-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Flushable fibrous structures
US6160200A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-12-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Directionally preferential waste passage member for use with disposable absorbent article
FR2781819B1 (fr) * 1998-08-03 2000-09-22 Vetrotex France Sa Procede de fabrication de mats de fils continus
US6423804B1 (en) 1998-12-31 2002-07-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive hard water dispersible polymers and applications therefor
US6713414B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-03-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6579570B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6815502B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-11-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersable polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6444214B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2002-09-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6835678B2 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion sensitive, water-dispersible fabrics, a method of making same and items using same
US6548592B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6653406B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-11-25 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6683143B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2004-01-27 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6599848B1 (en) 2000-05-04 2003-07-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ion-sensitive, water-dispersible polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US6576575B2 (en) 2000-05-15 2003-06-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispersible adherent article
US7732357B2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2010-06-08 Ahlstrom Nonwovens Llc Disposable nonwoven wiping fabric and method of production
US6797226B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2004-09-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process of making microcreped wipers
US6528554B1 (en) 2001-02-15 2003-03-04 The University Of Akron Ultrasound assisted continuous process for making polymer blends and copolymers
US6828014B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2004-12-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible, cationic polymers, a method of making same and items using same
US20030114067A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Matela David Michael Coform nonwoven web and method of making same
US6890622B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2005-05-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composite fluid distribution and fluid retention layer having selective material deposition zones for personal care products
US20030135176A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Troy Delzer System and method for depositing particulate matter in absorbent cores
US20030199219A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2003-10-23 Hayes Heather J. Patterned nonwoven fabric
US20030211802A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2003-11-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Three-dimensional coform nonwoven web
MXPA04012890A (es) * 2002-06-19 2005-03-31 Bayer Chemicals Corp Productos de papel resistentes y dispersables.
US8226622B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2012-07-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Interlabial absorbent article with soluble adhesive and time-delayed dispersion
US7476631B2 (en) * 2003-04-03 2009-01-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispersible fibrous structure and method of making same
US7892993B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2011-02-22 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US20040260034A1 (en) 2003-06-19 2004-12-23 Haile William Alston Water-dispersible fibers and fibrous articles
US8513147B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US7432219B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2008-10-07 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Hydroentangled nonwoven material
US7514591B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2009-04-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Interlabial absorbent article with improved flushability characteristics
US7138560B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2006-11-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with time-delayed absorbent binder composition
US7378360B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2008-05-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water dispersible, pre-saturated wiping products
US7629043B2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2009-12-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi purpose cleaning product including a foam and a web
US20050136772A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Composite structures containing tissue webs and other nonwovens
US20050138749A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-06-30 Keck Laura E. Combination dry and absorbent floor mop/wipe
KR101231605B1 (ko) * 2004-12-17 2013-02-08 알바니 인터내셔널 코포레이션 Ｓｍｓ 제품에서의 패터닝
US20060141891A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent structure with aggregate clusters
US20060147689A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Raj Wallajapet Absorbent composites containing biodegradable reinforcing fibers
AU2005331321B2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2011-04-28 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Hydroentangled integrated composite nonwoven material
US7651290B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2010-01-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Device with pull tab activation
DE102005054726A1 (de) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-15 Carl Freudenberg Kg Vliesstoffe und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US8921244B2 (en) 2005-08-22 2014-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Hydroxyl polymer fiber fibrous structures and processes for making same
US7950864B2 (en) * 2005-12-13 2011-05-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Device with internal pull tab activation
US20070147942A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-28 Sojka Marci E Water-dispersible device with pull tab activation
EP1991729B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2015-09-16 Fitesa Nonwoven, Inc. Extensible absorbent composites
US10024000B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2018-07-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures and methods for making same
US8852474B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2014-10-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making fibrous structures
US7972986B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2011-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures and methods for making same
US20090022983A1 (en) 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 David William Cabell Fibrous structures
US8287677B2 (en) * 2008-01-31 2012-10-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Printable elastic composite
US8357220B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2013-01-22 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Multi-phase filter medium
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
MX2012004292A (es) * 2009-10-16 2012-06-12 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Pañuelo higienico o toallita humeda desechable.
EP2496769B1 (en) 2009-11-02 2016-06-08 The Procter and Gamble Company Fibrous structures and methods for making same
BR112012010003A2 (pt) 2009-11-02 2016-03-01 Procter & Gamble elementos fibrosos e estruturas fibrosas que empregam os mesmos
MX2012005109A (es) * 2009-11-02 2012-05-22 Procter & Gamble Estructuras fibrosas que presentan valores de propiedades relevantes para el consumidor.
US20110152808A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2011-06-23 Jackson David M Resilient absorbent coform nonwoven web
MX346871B (es) 2010-03-31 2017-03-24 Procter & Gamble Estructuras fibrosas y métodos para elaborarlas.
BR112012026260A2 (pt) * 2010-04-22 2019-09-24 3M Innovative Properties Co mantas fibrosas não-tecidas contendo particulados quimicamente ativos, e métodos para fabricação e uso dos mesmos
US8679218B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2014-03-25 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Filter media with a multi-layer structure
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
CA2819862A1 (en) 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 H.B. Fuller Company Flushable article including polyurethane binder and method of using the same
EP2540892B1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2014-04-16 Suominen Corporation Water dispersible nonwoven fabric material
AU2012287545A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2014-02-27 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Flushable moist wipe or hygiene tissue and a method for making it
CN102433688A (zh) * 2011-10-21 2012-05-02 成都彩虹环保科技有限公司 无纺布成型装置
US8840757B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
TWI521112B (zh) * 2012-05-25 2016-02-11 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 不織布及其製造方法與製造設備
US9394637B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2016-07-19 Jacob Holm & Sons Ag Method for production of a hydroentangled airlaid web and products obtained therefrom
US9617685B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2017-04-11 Eastman Chemical Company Process for making paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9694306B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2017-07-04 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Filter media including polymer compositions and blends
CN103276535B (zh) * 2013-06-19 2015-08-26 天津泰达洁净材料有限公司 一种双组份熔喷无纺材料及其制造方法
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion
CA2944618C (en) 2014-04-07 2021-12-28 Boma Engineering S.P.A Process and apparatus for producing a fibrous-containing and/or particle-containing nonwoven
US10065379B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2018-09-04 Hangsterfer's Laboratories, Inc. Dispersible non-woven article and methods of making the same
CA2994209A1 (en) 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 Lia Diagnostics, Inc. Water dispersible assays
KR102213567B1 (ko) 2016-07-15 2021-02-05 리아 다이아그노스틱스, 인크. 일시적으로 소수성인 매트릭스 물질의 처리, 물질, 키트 및 방법
CN106732156A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 成都聚智工业设计有限公司 一种应用到变距搅拌设备的电源线供给装置
CN118223137A (zh) 2017-11-22 2024-06-21 挤压集团公司 熔喷模头尖端组件和方法
CN109943980B (zh) * 2017-12-20 2021-02-23 财团法人纺织产业综合研究所 无纺布结构与其制作方法
CA3143696A1 (en) * 2019-07-18 2021-01-21 Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag Composite nonwoven sheet material
IT202000006826A1 (it) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-01 Gdm Spa Nastro composito
IT202000006835A1 (it) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-01 Gdm Spa Nastro composito
US20230142520A1 (en) * 2020-04-01 2023-05-11 Gdm S.P.A. Composite web
DE102021104974B3 (de) 2021-03-02 2022-06-09 Andritz Küsters Gmbh Baugruppe einer Vorrichtung, Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Verbundvlieswarenbahn
WO2022240763A1 (en) 2021-05-09 2022-11-17 Fitesa Simpsonville, Inc. System and process for preparing a fibrous nonwoven composite fabric
CN113445207B (zh) * 2021-07-13 2023-12-15 安徽寿县银丰棉业有限责任公司 一种高弹性棉被生产工艺

Family Cites Families (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US31825A (en) * 1861-03-26 Ean attachment foe
CA803714A (en) * 1969-01-14 Harmon Carlyle Continuous filament fabric
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3502763A (en) * 1962-02-03 1970-03-24 Freudenberg Carl Kg Process of producing non-woven fabric fleece
NL297313A (pt) * 1962-08-30 1900-01-01
US3502538A (en) * 1964-08-17 1970-03-24 Du Pont Bonded nonwoven sheets with a defined distribution of bond strengths
CH523364A (de) * 1966-11-14 1972-05-31 Du Pont Absorbierende, in Wasser dispergierbare Nonwovens und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US3341394A (en) * 1966-12-21 1967-09-12 Du Pont Sheets of randomly distributed continuous filaments
US3542615A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-11-24 Monsanto Co Process for producing a nylon non-woven fabric
US3849241A (en) * 1968-12-23 1974-11-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Non-woven mats by melt blowing
US3676242A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-07-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of making a nonwoven polymer laminate
DE2048006B2 (de) * 1969-10-01 1980-10-30 Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn
DE1950669C3 (de) * 1969-10-08 1982-05-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung
US3616797A (en) * 1970-02-06 1971-11-02 Kimberly Clark Co Flushable wrapper for absorbent pads
US3654928A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-04-11 Kimberly Clark Co Flushable wrapper for absorbent pads
CA948388A (en) * 1970-02-27 1974-06-04 Paul B. Hansen Pattern bonded continuous filament web
US4207367A (en) * 1970-03-30 1980-06-10 Scott Paper Company Nonwoven fabric
US3793678A (en) * 1971-12-20 1974-02-26 D Appel Pulp picking apparatus with improved fiber forming duct
US3971373A (en) * 1974-01-21 1976-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Particle-loaded microfiber sheet product and respirators made therefrom
US4100324A (en) * 1974-03-26 1978-07-11 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven fabric and method of producing same
US3913579A (en) * 1974-10-15 1975-10-21 Personal Products Co Flushable sanitary napkin
US4117187A (en) * 1976-12-29 1978-09-26 American Can Company Premoistened flushable wiper
US4164595A (en) * 1976-12-29 1979-08-14 American Can Company Premoistened flushable wiper
US4309469A (en) * 1977-08-22 1982-01-05 Scott Paper Company Flushable binder system for pre-moistened wipers wherein an adhesive for the fibers of the wipers interacts with ions contained in the lotion with which the wipers are impregnated
US4343133A (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US4343403A (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US4343134A (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Flushable towelette
EP0003186B1 (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-06-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Moist packaged towelette and method of making same
US4242408A (en) * 1979-06-25 1980-12-30 The Dow Chemical Company Easily disposable non-woven products having high wet strength at acid pH and low wet strength at base pH
US4340563A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-07-20 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method for forming nonwoven webs
US4610743A (en) * 1980-08-29 1986-09-09 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Pattern bonding and creping of fibrous substrates to form laminated products
US4374888A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-02-22 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven laminate for recreation fabric
IE53966B1 (en) * 1981-11-24 1989-04-26 Kimberly Clark Ltd Microfibre web product
US4419403A (en) * 1981-12-07 1983-12-06 Scott Paper Company Water dispersible premoistened wiper
US4429001A (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-01-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Sheet product containing sorbent particulate material
US4604313A (en) * 1984-04-23 1986-08-05 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Selective layering of superabsorbents in meltblown substrates
EP0176316A3 (en) * 1984-09-18 1989-04-26 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha A process for the production of a non woven fabric of water soluble resin fibres
US4749423A (en) * 1986-05-14 1988-06-07 Scott Paper Company Method of making a bonded nonwoven web
DE3720031A1 (de) * 1987-06-16 1989-01-05 Freudenberg Carl Fa Saugkoerper aus vliesstoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JP2682130B2 (ja) * 1989-04-25 1997-11-26 三井石油化学工業株式会社 柔軟な長繊維不織布
US5108827A (en) * 1989-04-28 1992-04-28 Fiberweb North America, Inc. Strong nonwoven fabrics from engineered multiconstituent fibers
US5009747A (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-04-23 The Dexter Corporation Water entanglement process and product
US5102668A (en) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-07 Kingaform Technology, Inc. Sustained release pharmaceutical preparation using diffusion barriers whose permeabilities change in response to changing pH
US5382400A (en) * 1992-08-21 1995-01-17 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven multicomponent polymeric fabric and method for making same
US5336552A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands including a blend of polyolefin and ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymer
US5350624A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Abrasion resistant fibrous nonwoven composite structure
US5292581A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-03-08 The Dexter Corporation Wet wipe
JP3097980B2 (ja) * 1993-02-23 2000-10-10 株式会社クラレ 生分解性不織布用材料
CA2128483C (en) * 1993-12-16 2006-12-12 Richard Swee-Chye Yeo Flushable compositions
US5500281A (en) * 1994-02-23 1996-03-19 International Paper Company Absorbent, flushable, bio-degradable, medically-safe nonwoven fabric with PVA binding fibers, and process for making the same
CA2222461A1 (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-dispersible fibrous nonwoven coform composites
US5663286A (en) * 1995-11-09 1997-09-02 H.B. Fuller Licensing And Financing, Inc. Nonwoven web comprising water soluble polyamides and articles constructed therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1251628A (zh) 2000-04-26
CN1113994C (zh) 2003-07-09
WO1998029590A2 (en) 1998-07-09
KR100493841B1 (ko) 2005-06-10
KR20000069766A (ko) 2000-11-25
AU730627B2 (en) 2001-03-08
US5952251A (en) 1999-09-14
EP0950134B1 (en) 2009-03-18
AU6130298A (en) 1998-07-31
WO1998029590A3 (en) 1998-08-13
DE69739313D1 (de) 2009-04-30
CA2275418A1 (en) 1998-07-09
EP0950134A2 (en) 1999-10-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR9713793A (pt) Pano não dispersivo co-formado ligado com um sistema hìbrido e método para fabricação ddo mesmo
BR9900042A (pt) Processo para fabricação de não-tecido desintegrável na água, e, não-tecido desintegrável na água
Hamada et al. Application of natural fibres in cement concrete: A critical review
PT87399B (pt) Processo para a preparacao de um composito de espuma-fibra
KR20000071009A (ko) 수분산성 섬유 부직 코폼 복합재
NO992566L (no) Multikomponentfiber
SE9201332D0 (sv) Absorptionskropp i ett absorberande alster saasom en dambinda, trosskydd, inkontinensskydd, bloeja och liknande
WO2002072499A3 (en) Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility
DE60125178D1 (de) Kunststofffasern für verbesserten beton
BR0112809A (pt) Método de formação de uma fibra multicomponente e método de produção de uma composição termoplástica
BR0213868A (pt) Artigo de limpeza descartável para o cuidado pessoal
EP0436009B1 (en) Absorbent fibrous web containing cellulose-containing recycled material
MX2007012560A (es) Compuesto de limpieza.
CN101291647A (zh) 采用机械紧固件与泡沫的组合的紧固系统
EP0835337B1 (en) Water-dispersible fibrous nonwoven coform composites
Abbas et al. Properties of foamed concrete reinforced with hybrid fibres
DK0434536T3 (da) Varmeisolerende måtte af mineralske fibre i tilfældig orientering
JP2835806B2 (ja) 補強用ポリプロピレン繊維および繊維補強セメント成形体
ATE516002T1 (de) Interlabiales produkt und in wasser zerfallende oberflächenseitenplatte für das interlabiale produkt
JPS6232144B2 (pt)
EP1829845A3 (en) Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility
ES2149598T3 (es) Procedimiento para la eliminacion de desechos de fibrocemento.
JPS6420319A (en) Polyester fiber
JPH1089889A (ja) 生分解性洗浄用ボールおよびその製造方法
MXPA99006085A (en) Coformed dispersible nonwoven fabric bonded with a hybrid system and method of making same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B08F Application fees: application dismissed [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]
B08H Application fees: decision cancelled [chapter 8.8 patent gazette]

Free format text: REFERENTE AO DESPACHO PUBLICADO NA RPI 1772 DE 20041221 POR TER SIDO APRESENTADA PAPELETA DE ESCLARECIMENTO.

B06A Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]
B09A Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]
B16A Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted

Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/12/1997, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS.

B21F Lapse acc. art. 78, item iv - on non-payment of the annual fees in time
B24J Lapse because of non-payment of annual fees (definitively: art 78 iv lpi, resolution 113/2013 art. 12)