BR9304813A - Agregado de cristalito de óxido cérico, fuligem e processo para a combustão de um conbustível de hidrocarboneto. - Google Patents
Agregado de cristalito de óxido cérico, fuligem e processo para a combustão de um conbustível de hidrocarboneto.Info
- Publication number
- BR9304813A BR9304813A BR9304813A BR9304813A BR9304813A BR 9304813 A BR9304813 A BR 9304813A BR 9304813 A BR9304813 A BR 9304813A BR 9304813 A BR9304813 A BR 9304813A BR 9304813 A BR9304813 A BR 9304813A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- nanometres
- angstrom
- aggregate
- combustion
- ceric oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229940044927 ceric oxide Drugs 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/224—Oxides or hydroxides of lanthanides
- C01F17/235—Cerium oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9214158A FR2698346B1 (fr) | 1992-11-25 | 1992-11-25 | Agrégat de cristallites d'oxyde cérique, procédé d'obtention et son utilisation pour réduire les résidus de combustion. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9304813A true BR9304813A (pt) | 1994-05-31 |
Family
ID=9435884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR9304813A BR9304813A (pt) | 1992-11-25 | 1993-11-24 | Agregado de cristalito de óxido cérico, fuligem e processo para a combustão de um conbustível de hidrocarboneto. |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6093223A (pt) |
EP (1) | EP0599717B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2858624B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR970009568B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1042442C (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE179960T1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU672834B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9304813A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2109887C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69324890T2 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2133371T3 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2698346B1 (pt) |
GR (1) | GR3030800T3 (pt) |
HU (1) | HU215207B (pt) |
MX (1) | MX9307312A (pt) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2714695B1 (fr) * | 1993-12-31 | 1996-03-22 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procédé pour maintenir propre les circuits d'un moteur turbocompressé et pour réduire les rejets carbonés d'un tel moteur. |
EP0671205B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-18 | 2000-05-03 | Rhodia Chimie | Sol organique d'oxyde tétravalent et son utilisation comme additif de composés hydrocarbones |
FR2716388B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-08-02 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Sol organique de composé cérique et son procédé de synthèse. |
FR2726199A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-03 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Sol organique d'oxyde tetravalent et son utilisation comme additif de composes hydrocarbones |
US6210451B1 (en) | 1995-02-21 | 2001-04-03 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Colloidal organic sols comprising tetravalent metal oxide/organic acid complexes |
FR2731009B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-04-04 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de protection des moteurs a combustion interne et application de compose a base de cerium a la protection des moteurs contre l'usure et l'oxydation |
JP2746861B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-20 | 1998-05-06 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 酸化セリウム超微粒子の製造方法 |
FR2780096B1 (fr) | 1998-06-22 | 2000-09-08 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede de traitement par combustion des particules carbonees dans un circuit d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne |
CA2413744C (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2012-01-03 | Neuftec Limited | A fuel additive |
AU2007203092B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2010-02-11 | Neuftec Limited | A fuel additive |
US20030032679A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-02-13 | Cayton Roger H. | Non-aqueous dispersion of nanocrystalline metal oxides |
GB0126663D0 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2002-01-02 | Oxonica Ltd | Cerium oxide nanoparticles |
SE527527C2 (sv) * | 2003-04-02 | 2006-04-04 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Motordrivet fordon med avgasrening |
EP1512736B1 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2018-05-02 | Infineum International Limited | Stabilised diesel fuel additive compositions |
US7419516B1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2008-09-02 | Research Foundation Of The University Of Central Florida, Inc. | Use of oxide nanoparticles in soot reduction |
FR2898886B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-12-12 | Conversion De L Uranium En Met | Tetrafluorure de cerium, ses procedes de synthese et ses utilisations |
SG170807A1 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2011-05-30 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Fine particles of oxide crystal and slurry for polishing which contains the fine particles |
US10435639B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2019-10-08 | Cerion, Llc | Fuel additive containing lattice engineered cerium dioxide nanoparticles |
EP2064153B1 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2016-06-29 | Cerion LLC | Method of preparing cerium dioxide nanoparticles |
US8883865B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2014-11-11 | Cerion Technology, Inc. | Cerium-containing nanoparticles |
US8741821B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2014-06-03 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives |
JP5474311B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-17 | 2014-04-16 | イビデン株式会社 | 触媒担持ハニカムおよびその製造方法 |
US8679344B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2014-03-25 | Cerion Technology, Inc. | Process for solvent shifting a nanoparticle dispersion |
CA2862678C (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2020-07-21 | N/C Quest Inc. | Carbon nanotube production method to stimulate soil microorganisms and plant growth produced from the emissions of internal combustion |
PL398335A1 (pl) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-16 | Idea Spólka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Sposób wytwarzania uszlachetnionego paliwa do silników wysokopreznych oraz uszlachetnione paliwo do silników wysokopreznych |
WO2015058037A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | Cerion, Llc | Malic acid stabilized nanoceria particles |
FR3025116B1 (fr) | 2014-08-29 | 2018-04-13 | Psa Automobiles Sa. | Filtre a particules catalyse |
CN110871065A (zh) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-10 | 天津大学 | 一种水热还原制备氧化铈催化剂的方法及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4065544A (en) * | 1970-05-11 | 1977-12-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Finely divided metal oxides and sintered objects therefrom |
US4036605A (en) * | 1971-09-01 | 1977-07-19 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Chelates of cerium (IV), their preparation and gasoline containing said chelates |
US4264335A (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1981-04-28 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Suppressing the octane requirement increase of an automobile engine |
US4599201A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1986-07-08 | Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. | Process for preparing ceric carboxylates |
FR2559754A1 (fr) * | 1984-02-20 | 1985-08-23 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Oxyde cerique a nouvelles caracteristiques morphologiques et son procede d'obtention |
US4568357A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-02-04 | General Motors Corporation | Diesel fuel comprising cerium and manganese additives for improved trap regenerability |
US4621593A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-11-11 | Ford Motor Company | Automotive dispensing apparatus for fuel additive |
US4670020A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-06-02 | Ford Motor Company | Carbon ignition temperature depressing agent and method of regenerating an automotive particulate trap utilizing said agent |
ATE66957T1 (de) * | 1986-09-19 | 1991-09-15 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Verwendung von gemischen aus seltenen erden, um kraftstoffe fuer dieselmotoren zu stabilisieren. |
FR2617153B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-26 | 1991-04-05 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede d'obtention d'un oxyde cerique et oxyde cerique a nouvelles caracteristiques morphologiques |
AT391873B (de) * | 1988-10-03 | 1990-12-10 | Lang Chem Tech Prod | Waessrige katalysatorloesung sowie brennstoffe |
EP0467742A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-16 | 1992-01-22 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Procédé de synthèse de dérivés fluorés |
US5064803A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1991-11-12 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Preparation of three-way catalysts with highly dispersed ceria |
US5449387A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1995-09-12 | Rhone-Poulenc Chemicals Limited | Cerium (IV) catalyst compounds and promoting combustion of hydrocarbon fuels therewith |
-
1992
- 1992-11-25 FR FR9214158A patent/FR2698346B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-11-22 DE DE69324890T patent/DE69324890T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-22 AT AT93402828T patent/ATE179960T1/de active
- 1993-11-22 ES ES93402828T patent/ES2133371T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-22 EP EP93402828A patent/EP0599717B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-23 MX MX9307312A patent/MX9307312A/es unknown
- 1993-11-24 AU AU51917/93A patent/AU672834B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-24 BR BR9304813A patent/BR9304813A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-24 CA CA002109887A patent/CA2109887C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-24 HU HU9303335A patent/HU215207B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-25 CN CN93121422A patent/CN1042442C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-25 JP JP5317473A patent/JP2858624B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-25 KR KR1019930025289A patent/KR970009568B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-11-04 US US08/741,792 patent/US6093223A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-07-20 GR GR990401888T patent/GR3030800T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69324890D1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
ES2133371T3 (es) | 1999-09-16 |
EP0599717A1 (fr) | 1994-06-01 |
AU672834B2 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
KR970009568B1 (ko) | 1997-06-14 |
HU9303335D0 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
JP2858624B2 (ja) | 1999-02-17 |
HUT69749A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
US6093223A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
EP0599717B1 (fr) | 1999-05-12 |
CN1091768A (zh) | 1994-09-07 |
JPH06340418A (ja) | 1994-12-13 |
GR3030800T3 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
CN1042442C (zh) | 1999-03-10 |
FR2698346B1 (fr) | 1995-01-27 |
AU5191793A (en) | 1994-06-16 |
HU215207B (hu) | 1998-10-28 |
FR2698346A1 (fr) | 1994-05-27 |
MX9307312A (es) | 1994-05-31 |
KR940011056A (ko) | 1994-06-20 |
DE69324890T2 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
CA2109887A1 (fr) | 1994-05-26 |
CA2109887C (fr) | 1999-11-23 |
ATE179960T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EE | Request for examination | ||
EG | Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) | ||
FC | Decision: refusal | ||
CKFC | Appeal: appeal against refusal | ||
FG9A | Patent or certificate of addition granted | ||
B21A | Patent or certificate of addition expired [chapter 21.1 patent gazette] |
Free format text: PATENTE EXTINTA EM 24/11/2013 |