BR122022001618B1 - BATTERY RETAINER AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery retainer and an electric vehicle are provided. The battery retainer is mounted on the electric vehicle body for securing the battery pack, wherein the battery retainer includes a mounting bracket, a locking mechanism and a plurality of support devices, the locking mechanism being fixed on the mounting bracket, the support device is attached to one side of the mounting bracket facing the battery pack, a plurality of support devices are used to provide a plurality of support points that support the battery pack. The electric vehicle includes the battery retainer as described above. In the battery holder and electric vehicle including the same of the present invention, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of supporting devices and the locking mechanism, the force of the fixing bracket is more uniform, the force applied by the battery pack to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of force of the locking mechanism on the clamping bracket is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so as to improve the performance of (...).

Description

[0001] This application applies for the priority of Chinese patent application with application date of December 29, 2017 and application number CN201711482966.3 and CN201711486896.9. This application refers to the full text of the above-mentioned Chinese patent application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, in particular it relates to a battery retainer, a power transfer device, an electric vehicle and an installation method for electric vehicles.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Existing battery pack installation methods for electric vehicles are generally divided into fixed type and replaceable type, in which the fixed battery pack is generally fixed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is directly used as a charging object during charging . The replaceable battery pack is generally mobile installed, the battery pack can be removed and replaced at any time.

[0004] In the process of replacing a new battery pack, this involves locking and unlocking the battery pack Generally speaking, the left and right sides of the battery pack are equipped with locking shafts; the locking mechanism is fixed on the battery pack retainer to mount on a power transfer device, and the power transfer device is installed on the electric vehicle chassis; the locking shaft and the locking mechanism cooperate to realize the locking of the battery pack.

[0005] However, the above structural form has the following defects: only one locking mechanism combined with the battery pack locking shaft is arranged on the fixed support, and the weight of the battery pack is concentrated on the support locking mechanism fixed, resulting in the concentration of tension of the locking mechanism, the service life of the locking mechanism is low, and the connection resistance of the battery pack and the fixed bracket is low.

[0006] In the process of replacing a new set of batteries, the electrical connection device is also involved. The locking mechanism not only affects the connection between the battery pack and the battery pack retainer, but also affects the reliability of the electrical connection between the battery pack and the electrical connection device.

[0007] However, in the prior art, the locking mechanism and the electrical connection device are arranged independently, the locking mechanism may have locked the battery pack in place, while the reliable electrical connection between the battery pack and the electrical connection device is not reached, or the battery pack and electrical connection device are reliably connected, but the battery pack is not locked in place. That is to say, it is difficult to realize the synchronous function of the locking mechanism and the electrical connection device in the prior art, and it is easy to affect the efficiency and reliability of power exchange.

CONTENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a power transfer device and a method of installing the same.

[0009] The present invention solves the technical problem by the following technical scheme:

[0010] a battery retainer to be mounted on the body of an electric vehicle for securing a battery pack, wherein the battery retainer comprises a fastening bracket and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism is fixed to the bracket fastening, the battery retainer further comprises:

[0011] a plurality of support devices, wherein the support device is attached to a side of the attachment bracket facing the battery pack, and the plurality of support devices provide a plurality of support points for supporting the set of batteries.

[0012] In the present scheme, based on the correspondence of the locking mechanism with the locking axis to perform the locking of the battery pack, a plurality of support portions are arranged on the battery pack, and the plurality of support devices for supporting the supporting portions is arranged on the mounting bracket, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of supporting devices and the locking mechanism, the force is distributed more evenly on the mounting bracket, the force applied by the mounting of batteries to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of force of the locking mechanism on the clamping bracket is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so as to improve the security performance and improve the connection strength between the battery pack and battery retainer. Furthermore, the structure of the battery holder is simple and the production cost is low, while over-positioning is avoided, thus reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked.

[0013] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a locking base, wherein the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, wherein the opening is used for the locking shaft to be installed on the battery pack enter the cavity; the support device is provided with a support groove, a bottom surface of the support groove is in the same plane as a bottom surface of the cavity.

[0014] In this scheme, the bottom surface of the support groove and the bottom surface of the locking mechanism cavity are in the same plane, so that the battery pack can be fixed more firmly in the fixing bracket, so that the set of batteries can be moved stably.

[0015] Preferably, the support device is provided with a support slot; wherein the support device comprises a support base, wherein the support base is provided with a support opening and a support groove extending from the support opening, and the support opening is used for a support support portion mounted on the battery pack enters the support groove.

[0016] In the present scheme, when the locking shaft enters the locking mechanism, the supporting portion of the battery pack enters the supporting groove of the battery retainer and, at the same time that the locking is in place, the portion The mounting bracket is pressed further into the mounting slot of the mounting base so that the battery pack can be more firmly attached to the mounting bracket.

[0017] Preferably, the fastening bracket has an accommodation cavity in the upper position, wherein the accommodation cavity in the upper position is located above the support opening, a sensor in the upper position is arranged in the accommodation cavity in the upper position, wherein the upper position sensor is used to detect whether the supporting portion of the battery pack has passed through the supporting aperture;

[0018] and/or, the mounting bracket has a front position accommodation cavity, the front position accommodation cavity is located at the front end of the support groove, a front position sensor is disposed in the front position accommodation cavity front, The position sensor is used to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack has entered the front end of the support groove.

[0019] In the present scheme, the sensor in the upper position detects whether the support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening, in order to determine whether the battery pack has been installed in place in relation to the battery retainer in the direction of electric vehicle height; the sensor in the forward position detects whether the supporting portion of the battery pack has entered the front end of the supporting groove, thus it can be determined whether the battery pack is installed in place with respect to the battery retainer in the length direction of the electric vehicle, so that the electric vehicle can guarantee driving, under the condition that the battery pack is installed in place, and improve the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0020] Preferably, the support device further comprises an elastic part, wherein the elastic part is at least partially located in the support groove and the elastic part is used to tap the support portion of the battery pack. In the present scheme, the elastic part is not required to be in contact with the support, but once in contact, rigid impact between the support portion and the support base can be avoided.

[0021] Preferably, the elastic part comprises an elastic pad, an elastic strap and an elastic head connected in sequence; the elastic pad is located in the support groove, the elastic pad is used to rest against the support portion of the battery pack; the elastic loop passes through the support base and a wall portion of the support base is secured between the elastic pad and the elastic head. In the present scheme, in this way, the entire elastic part can be stably installed on the supporting base.

[0022] Preferably, the support base is provided with a locating hole, the support device further includes a guide pin, in which the guide pin is partially located outside the fixing hole and the guide pin is in adjustment interference with the locating hole;

[0023] and/or, the support base is provided with a mounting hole, where the mounting hole is a threaded hole, the support base can be removablely connected to the mounting bracket through the mounting hole;

[0024] and/or, the support opening is a bell mouth.

[0025] In the present scheme, the guide pin is partially located outside the locating hole and the guide pin is in interference fit with the locating hole, when the support device is installed in the fixture bracket, the guide pin guide can be used for placement. The mounting hole is a threaded hole, the threaded fasteners can be threaded through the mounting holes to mount the support device on the fixture bracket. The support opening is bell-mouthed, which is convenient for the support portion to enter the support groove.

[0026] Preferably, the plurality of support devices are distributed on both sides of the fastening bracket in the length direction of the fastening bracket. In the current scheme, the above structural configuration mode is adopted, the battery pack can be installed in the battery holder more smoothly. Preferably, the number of support devices respectively located on both sides of the fixing bracket is the same, and the support devices arranged on both sides of the fixing bracket are corresponding one to one and relatively arranged. Preferably, both sides of the fixing bracket in the length direction of the fixing bracket are provided with the locking mechanisms, the support device and the locking mechanism, which are on the same side, arranged at intervals. Preferably, in the support devices and locking mechanisms that are on the same side, and in the length direction of the fixing bracket, the supporting devices are distributed at both ends of the fixing bracket, the locking mechanisms are located in the central part of the fixing bracket.

[0027] Preferably, in the length direction of the fixture bracket, the two sides of the fixture bracket are arranged with two locking mechanisms, the two locking mechanisms on the same side of the fixture bracket are arranged at intervals and are respectively a mechanism primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism. In the present scheme, the secondary interlocking mechanism can provide a secondary interlocking function or interlocking protection function for the battery pack, when the primary interlocking mechanism fails, it is used to prevent the battery pack from falling and improve security performance.

[0028] Preferably, the primary locking mechanism comprises a locking link, at least one primary locking tongue and at least one primary locking base, wherein the primary locking base is attached to the attachment bracket, the locking base primary opening is provided with a primary opening and a primary cavity extending from the primary opening, wherein the primary opening is used for the primary locking shaft installed in the battery pack to enter the primary cavity, the locking link is rotatably connected with the at least one primary locking pawl, the locking linkage is used to drive the primary locking pawl to rotate under the action of external force, so that the primary locking pawl can rotate relative to the primary locking pawl to switch between a primary unlock state and a primary lock state, when the primary lock tongue is in the primary lock state, the primary lock tongue can prevent the primary lock shaft from exiting the primary cavity of the primary opening;

[0029] and/or, the secondary locking mechanism comprises:

[0030] a secondary locking base, wherein the secondary locking base is attached to the attachment bracket, wherein the secondary locking base is provided with a secondary opening and a secondary cavity extending from the secondary opening, the secondary opening is used for the secondary locking shaft installed in the battery pack to enter the secondary cavity;

[0031] a secondary locking pawl, wherein the secondary locking pawl can rotate relative to the secondary locking pawl to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, the secondary locking pawl includes a locking pawl body secondary locking pawl extension portion and a secondary locking pawl extension portion which are fixedly connected, wherein the secondary locking pawl extension portion is outside the secondary locking pawl, when the secondary locking pawl is in the state of locking, the body of the secondary locking tongue can prevent the secondary locking shaft from leaving the secondary cavity from the secondary opening; It is,

[0032] a secondary resetting part, wherein the secondary resetting part is disposed on the secondary locking base, and the secondary resetting part acts on the secondary locking tongue, the secondary resetting part can be elastically deformed, the Secondary reset is used to rotate the secondary locking tongue in a locking direction to reset from the unlocked state to the locked state.

[0033] In the current scheme, in the secondary locking mechanism, setting the secondary resetting part, it is convenient that the secondary locking tongue is reset from the unlocking state to the locking state, facilitating the installation and locking of the battery pack , in addition, under the action of the secondary reset part, the secondary lock tongue will not easily change to the unlock state, and the lock is more reliable; the extension portion of the secondary locking tongue is arranged outside the secondary locking base, which can realize rotation of the body of the secondary locking pawl by acting on the extension portion of the secondary locking pawl, and is convenient for unlocking.

[0034] Preferably, the mounting bracket comprises a frame and a temporary connector, one side of the frame in the width direction of the mounting bracket has a support opening, and the temporary connector is detachably connected to the portions at both ends of the opening of the support in the frame and is covered by the opening in the support or in the opening in the support;

[0035] and/or, the battery retainer also includes a quick change sensor, in which the quick change sensor is placed on the mounting bracket, the quick change sensor is used to detect the position signal of a power transfer and transmit the position signal to a controller.

[0036] In the current scheme, the temporary connector is removablely connected to the portions on the frame at both ends of the bracket opening, when the battery pack and battery retainer are installed on the electric vehicle, the temporary connector can be removed, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the electric vehicle.

[0037] The quick change sensor is a forced shutdown high voltage sensor, which can detect the position signal of the power transfer equipment. When the power transfer equipment has reached the preset setting, the quick change sensor transmits the detected signal to the controller to perform a shutdown operation on the battery pack and ensure that the battery pack is replaced in case of power failure. energy and improve its safety performance.

[0038] The present invention further provides a power transfer device characterized in that the power transfer device includes the battery retainer as described above, the mounting bracket forms a battery pack containment cavity to contain the battery pack , both sides of the battery pack are provided with locking shafts and the locking mechanism is fixed on both sides of the battery pack containment cavity, the energy transfer device further comprising:

[0039] a vehicle-side electrical connector, with the vehicle-side electrical connector disposed in the battery pack containment cavity, and the vehicle-side electrical connector facing the battery-side electrical connector of the battery pack, both the vehicle side electrical connector and the battery side electrical connector having a plurality of corresponding poles;

[0040] where when the battery pack locking shaft rises into place in the locking mechanism along the battery pack height direction, the distance between the locking shaft and the locking point along the length of the pack of batteries in the locking mechanism is greater than the gap between the battery side electrical connector and the vehicle side electrical connector along the length direction of the battery pack;

[0041] When the locking shaft reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism, the pole of the electrical connector on the battery side is against the pole of the electrical connector on the vehicle side.

[0042] In the present scheme, when the battery pack locking shaft is locked in place in the locking mechanism, the battery side electrical connector can be reliably connected to the vehicle side electrical connector to improve reliability and the efficiency of electric vehicle energy exchange using the energy transfer device.

[0043] Preferably, the distance between the locking axis and the locking point along the length of the battery pack in the locking mechanism is called the first distance, and the gap between a high voltage pole of the electrical connector on the side of battery and a vehicle-side electrical connector voltage pole along the length direction of the battery pack is called the second distance;

[0044] The height of the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector is less than the height of the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector and the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector vehicle and the high-voltage pole of the vehicle-side electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance;

[0045] or the height of the low voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector, and the height difference between the low voltage pole of the electrical connector from the battery side and the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance;

[0046] In the present scheme, the relationship between the height difference and the difference causes the high voltage to be connected first and the low voltage connected second when the electrical connector on the vehicle side is connected to the electrical connector on the battery side . As long as there is low voltage contact, the contactor control switch in the battery pack can output the high voltage. In addition, when the connection between the vehicle side electrical connector and the battery side electrical connector is disconnected, the low voltage first disconnects to control the high voltage disconnection, so as to prevent the pole from arc sintering. and other adverse phenomena that occur due to high voltage not being disconnected.

[0047] Preferably, the height difference range between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector is 0 to 2 mm.

[0048] Preferably, the distance between the locking axis and the locking point along the length of the battery pack in the locking mechanism is called the first distance, and the gap between a high voltage pole of the electrical connector on the side of battery and a vehicle-side electrical connector voltage pole along the length direction of the battery pack is called the second distance;

[0049] the height of the low voltage pole of the electrical connector on the vehicle side is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the electrical connector on the vehicle side, and the height of the low voltage pole of the electrical connector on the battery side is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector;

[0050] the sum of the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector and the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle electrical connector battery side and the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0051] In the present scheme, the relationship between the height difference and the difference causes the high voltage to be connected before the second low voltage is connected when the vehicle side electrical connector is connected to the vehicle side electrical connector. battery. As long as there is low voltage contact, a contactor control switch in the battery pack can output high voltage. In addition, when the connection between the vehicle side electrical connector and the battery side electrical connector is disconnected, the low voltage first disconnects the high voltage, so as to prevent the pole from arc sintering and other adverse phenomena from happening. due to high voltage not disconnected.

[0052] Preferably, the vehicle side electrical connector is used for floating electrical connection with the battery side electrical connector;

[0053] Preferably, the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector has an electrical contact end and a wiring terminal;

[0054] in which the end face of the electrical contact end of the high voltage pole is provided with a groove, the groove is concave inwards along the axial direction of the high voltage pole, the groove is incorporated with an elastic part conductive and conductive the elastic part protrudes from a contact surface of the end of the electrical contact; preferably, the elastic conductive part is a conductive spring.

[0055] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a locking base, the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is used for the locking shaft to enter the cavity;

[0056] The battery pack retainer is provided with an accommodation cavity in the upper position, and the accommodation cavity in the upper position is located above the opening, the accommodation cavity in the upper position is equipped with an upper position sensor ; wherein the upper position sensor is used to detect that the locking shaft has passed through the gap and to detect that the locking shaft has risen and positioned itself in the locking mechanism along the height direction of the battery pack;

[0057] and/or the battery pack retainer is provided with an accommodation cavity in the front position, and the accommodation cavity in the front position is located at the front end of the cavity, the accommodation cavity in the front position is provided with a front position sensor; the front position sensor is used to detect that the locking shaft has entered the front end of the cavity and to detect that the locking shaft has been locked into place in the locking mechanism along the length direction of the battery pack;

[0058] In the present scheme, the sensor in the upper position can detect if the locking shaft lifts into place in the locking mechanism, the sensor in the front position can detect if the locking shaft is locked in place at the front end of the cavity and reaches the locking point, the top position sensor and the front position sensor can improve the locking reliability of the battery pack, which is conducive to improving the electrical connection of the vehicle side electrical connector and the side electrical connector. and further improve the reliability of the electric vehicle's energy exchange.

[0059] Preferably, the two sides of the battery pack retainer in the length direction of the battery pack retainer are provided with two of the locking mechanisms, and the two locking mechanisms on the same side of the battery pack retainer are arranged at intervals, and the two locking mechanisms are respectively a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism; the vehicle side electrical connector is disposed on a side wall of the battery pack retainer along the widthwise direction of the battery pack retainer; wherein the length direction of the battery pack retainer is parallel to the length direction of the battery pack.

[0060] In the present scheme, when the primary locking mechanism fails, the secondary locking mechanism works to lock the battery pack locking shaft and prevent the battery pack from falling, which is conducive to further improving the reliability electric vehicle energy exchange.

[0061] Preferably, the power transfer device further includes a lockout protection mechanism, the lockout protection mechanism is fixed opposite the primary locking mechanism on the battery pack retainer, and the lockout protection mechanism is disposed in the movable path of the locking link to limit movement of the locking link relative to the primary locking base of the primary locking mechanism;

[0062] Preferably, the locking protection mechanism can move between a first position and a second position relative to the locking connection; wherein, when the locking protection mechanism is in the first position, the locking protection mechanism actuates the locking link to limit movement of the locking link relative to the primary locking base; when the interlock protection mechanism is in the second position, the interlock protection mechanism is separated from the interlock link to allow movement of the interlock link relative to the primary interlock base.

[0063] In the present scheme, when the primary locking mechanism locks the locking shaft, the locking protection mechanism can restrict the movement of the locking link relative to the primary locking base, thus improving the locking effect of the locking mechanism primary locking, so the primary locking mechanism can reliably lock the locking shaft. Also, this is beneficial to improve the reliability of the electric vehicle.

[0064] Preferably, the locking protection mechanism includes:

[0065] a lower housing, the first lower housing can be removablely connected to an opposite side of the locking shaft in the primary locking base, the inner part of the first lower housing has a retention cavity, and the side wall of the lower housing it has a through hole communicated with the retaining cavity;

[0066] a locking pin, whereby the locking pin is located in the retention cavity and the locking pin is penetrated into the locking pin and can switch between an extended state and a retracted state, in which, when the locking pin lock is in the extended state, the lock pin is in the first position; when the locking pin is in the retracted state, the locking pin is in the second position;

[0067] Preferably, the lock protection mechanism further includes: a drive pin, the drive pin acts on the lock pin, and the drive pin can move relative to the lock pin under the action of an external force to be engaged or separated from the locking pin; wherein when the actuating pin is separated from the locking pin, a force is applied to the locking pin along the retracting direction to make the locking pin in the retracted state; when the drive pin is engaged with the lock pin, the lock pin is extended state.

[0068] Preferably, the battery pack retainer is further equipped with a wire harness, the wire harness being used to transmit the top position signal detected by the top position sensor and the front position signal detected by the sensor in front of the power transfer equipment.

[0069] Preferably, the energy transfer device further includes a plurality of support structures, the plurality of support structures is attached to a side of the battery pack retainer facing the battery pack and the plurality of support structures is used to provide a plurality of support points for supporting the battery pack;

[0070] Preferably, the support structure includes:

[0071] a support base, wherein the support base is provided with a support opening and a support groove extending from the support opening; the support opening is used for a support part installed in the battery pack to enter the support slot;

[0072] Preferably, the plurality of support structures are distributed on both sides of the battery pack retainer in the length direction of the battery pack retainer, and the support structures arranged on both sides of the battery pack retainer are corresponding one to one and relatively arranged;

[0073] Both sides of the battery pack retainer in the length direction of the battery pack retainer are provided with locking mechanisms, and the support structures and locking mechanisms on the same side are adjusted at intervals.

[0074] In the present scheme, the support mechanism can support the battery pack, facilitate the installation of the battery pack and battery pack retainer, and improve the locking effect of the locking mechanism, so as to improve the reliability of the electric vehicle power exchange.

[0075] Preferably, the battery pack retainer further includes a power exchange sensor, wherein the power exchange sensor is disposed on the battery pack retainer, the power exchange sensor is used to detect the power transfer and control disconnection of the electrical connection between the vehicle side electrical connector and the battery side electrical connector.

[0076] In the current scheme, when the battery pack is removed from the battery pack retainer by the power transfer equipment, the power switch sensor may disconnect the electrical connection between the vehicle side electrical connector and the electrical connector on the battery side, so as to protect the electric vehicle.

[0077] The present invention also provides a method of installing the aforementioned energy transfer device, characterized in that the installation method for an electric vehicle includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. install the battery pack from the bottom of the battery pack retainer along the height direction of the battery pack into the battery pack retainer until the locking shaft locates in the locking mechanism along the height direction the battery pack;

[0079] S2. move the battery pack forward along its length direction until the locking shaft hits the lock point on the locking mechanism along the length direction of the battery pack.

[0080] The present invention further provides an electric vehicle, wherein the electric vehicle includes a battery pack assembly, wherein the battery pack assembly includes a battery pack and a locking axle, wherein the locking axle is mounted on the battery, the electric vehicle further comprises the battery retainer as described above, the battery pack assembly is mounted on the battery retainer, the locking shaft is located in the locking mechanism;

[0081] the battery pack assembly further includes a plurality of support portion, wherein the plurality of support portion is mounted on the battery pack and is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of support devices, wherein the support devices are used to support the support portion correspondingly.

[0082] In the present scheme, the electric vehicle with the battery retainer as above, based on the assembly of the locking mechanism and the locking shaft for locking the battery pack, a plurality of support portions are mounted on the battery pack to match the plurality of support devices on the mounting bracket, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of support devices and the locking mechanism, the strength of the mounting bracket is more uniform, the force applied by the battery to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of force of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so as to improve the security performance and the connection strength between the battery, the battery pack and battery retainer, so as to improve the safety performance of electric vehicle.

[0083] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a locking base, wherein the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, wherein the opening is used for the locking shaft to enter the cavity, wherein the locking shaft is mounted in the cavity;

[0084] the support device comprises a support base, the support base is provided with a support opening and a support groove extending from the support opening, and the support opening is used for the support portion enters the support groove;

[0085] The support portion includes a support shaft, wherein the support shaft is pressed into the support base and located in the support groove.

[0086] In the present scheme, when the locking shaft enters the opening, the support shaft enters the support opening, when the locking shaft enters the cavity of the locking mechanism, the battery pack support shaft enters the groove holder of the battery retainer, and when the lock is in place, the support shaft is pressed further into the support slot of the base of support, so that the battery pack can be fixed more firmly in the mounting bracket.

[0087] Preferably, the support portion further includes a shaft sleeve, wherein the shaft sleeve is rotatably coated on the support shaft. In the present scheme, the shaft sleeve is rotatably coated onto the supporting shaft, so that the shaft sleeve can roll, thus ensuring multiple installation, reducing wear and improving the service life of the bearing portion.

[0088] Preferably, the shaft sleeve material is elastic material;

[0089] and/or the support portion further comprises a gasket, the gasket lining the support shaft and being pressed into one end of the shaft sleeve;

[0090] and/or, the support shaft comprises a shaft body and a flange portion, wherein the flange portion is arranged coaxially at one end of the shaft body, the shaft sleeve covers the shaft body, the flange portion is detachably connected to the battery pack.

[0091] Preferably, the support shaft is provided with an electromagnetic induction component, preferably, the electromagnetic induction component is magnetic steel;

[0092] The fastening bracket has an accommodation cavity in the upper position, in which the accommodation cavity in the upper position is located above the support opening, an upper position sensor is arranged in the accommodation cavity in the upper position, it acts on the component electromagnetic induction to detect whether the supporting portion of the battery pack has passed through the supporting opening;

[0093] and/or the mounting bracket has an accommodation cavity in the front position, and the accommodation cavity in the front position is located at the front end of the support groove, a front position sensor is arranged in the accommodation cavity in the front position, where the position sensor actuates the electromagnetic induction component to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack retainer has entered the front end of the support slot.

[0094] In the present scheme, the sensor in the upper position acts on the electromagnetic induction component to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening. Thus, it can be determined whether the battery pack is installed in place relative to the battery retainer in the height direction of the mobility device.

[0095] The front position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction component to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack has entered the front end of the support groove. Thus, it can be judged whether the battery pack is installed in place in relation to the battery retainer in the length direction of the electric vehicle, so as to ensure that the electric vehicle can drive when the battery pack is installed in place and improve electric vehicle safety.

[0096] Preferably, one end of the support shaft away from the battery pack is provided with a concave part and the electromagnetic induction element is located in the concave part, and the electromagnetic induction component is in the same plane with the two ends of the shaft support away from the battery pack.

[0097] Preferably, the sustaining portion includes:

[0098] a support shaft, in which the support shaft is pressed into the support device;

[0099] a shaft sleeve, in which the shaft sleeve is rotatably coated on the support shaft.

[0100] Preferably, the electric vehicle also includes a chassis and the battery retainer is attached to the chassis.

[0101] Based on the observance of general knowledge in the art, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain better examples of the invention.

[0102] The positive progress effect of the present invention lies in the following:

[0103] The battery retainer and the electric vehicle, including the battery retainer of the present invention, based on the correspondence of the locking mechanism with the locking shaft to carry out the locking of the battery pack, the plurality of support portions are disposed on the battery pack, and the plurality of support devices for supporting the support portions are disposed on the fixing bracket, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of support devices and the locking mechanism, the force is more evenly distributed on the mounting bracket, the force applied by the battery pack to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of locking mechanism force on the mounting bracket is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so to improve safety performance and improve connection strength between battery pack and battery holder. Furthermore, the structure of the battery holder is simple and the production cost is low, while over-positioning is avoided, thus reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked. In the power transfer device of the present invention, when the battery pack locking shaft is locked into place in the locking mechanism, the battery side electrical connector can be reliably connected to the vehicle side electrical connector, so so as to improve the reliability and efficiency of electric vehicle energy exchange using the energy transfer device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0104] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective diagram of the battery retainer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the battery retainer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0106] Figure 3 is another partial schematic diagram of the battery retainer according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the part coincides with Figure 2.

[0107] Figure 4 is a schematic structure diagram of the battery retainer secondary locking mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0108] Figure 5 is a schematic structure diagram of the battery retainer support device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0109] Figure 6 is a schematic perspective diagram of the assembly of a set of batteries and a battery retainer of an electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] Figure 7 is a schematic perspective diagram of the electric vehicle battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] Figure 8 is a schematic perspective diagram of the support portion of the battery pack assembly of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0112] Figure 9 is a schematic internal diagram of the support portion of the battery pack assembly of the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] Figure 10 is a partial schematic diagram of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] Figure 11 is another partial schematic diagram of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0115] Figure 12 is a schematic structure diagram of the primary locking mechanism of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0116] Figure 13 is a schematic structure diagram of the secondary locking mechanism of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0117] Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the locking protection mechanism of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in which the locking pin is in the extended state.

[0118] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the locking protection mechanism of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0119] Figure 16 is another schematic cross-sectional diagram of the locking protection mechanism of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in which the locking pin is in the retracted state.

[0120] Figure 17 is a schematic structure diagram of the locking pin of the locking protection mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0121] Figure 18 is a schematic structure diagram of the locking protection mechanism drive pin according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] Figure 19 is a schematic structure diagram of the support structure of the energy transfer device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] Description of the symbols in the Figures:

MODALITY 1

[0124] battery retainer 10; fixing support 11; frame 110; support opening 111; temporary connector 112; primary locking mechanism 12; locking connection 120; primary locking tongue 121; primary locking base 122; primary opening 123; primary cavity 124; secondary locking mechanism 13; secondary locking tongue 130; secondary locking pawl body 1300; secondary locking tongue extension portion 1301; secondary locking base 131; secondary aperture 132; secondary cavity 133; minor reset part 134; support device 14; support base 140; support opening 141; support slot 142; elastic part 143; elastic pad 1430; elastic head 1431; location hole 144; guide pin 145; mounting hole 146; battery pack assembly 30; battery pack 31; primary locking shaft 32; secondary locking shaft 33; support portion 34; support shaft 340; body shaft 3400; flange portion 3401; shaft sleeve 341; gasket 342; electromagnetic induction component 343; concave portion 344; fixing bracket width direction W; length direction of L fixing bracket.

MODALITY 2

[0125] locking protection mechanism 10; first lower housing 101; first retention cavity 1011; through hole 1012; locking pin 102; executive part 1021; connecting part 1022; second retention cavity 1023; first inclined part 1024; concave part 1025; second electromagnetic induction component 1026; drive pin 103; lock part 1031; second inclined part 1032; first electromagnetic induction component 104; first elastic element 105; second elastic element 106; second lower housing 107; third retention cavity 1071; upper housing 108; fourth retention cavity 1081; first sensor 1082; second sensor 1083; primary locking mechanism 20; locking connection 201; primary locking tongue 202; primary locking base 203; primary cavity 204; unlocking block 205; secondary locking mechanism 30; secondary locking pad 301; secondary aperture 3011; secondary cavity 3012; secondary locking tongue 302; secondary locking pawl body 3021; secondary locking tongue extension portion 3022; minor reset part 303; support structure 40; support base 401; support opening 402; support slot 403; vehicle side electrical connector 50; wiring terminal 501; electrical contact end 502; battery pack retainer 60; orifice 601; battery pack containment cavity 602; wire harness 70.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MODALITIES

[0126] The present invention will be further described in the form of embodiments, but it is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but the present invention is therefore not limited within the range of the embodiments.

MODALITY 1

[0127] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 5 show a schematic structure diagram of a battery retainer. As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the battery retainer 10 is mounted to the body of an electric vehicle to secure a battery pack 31 in order to install a hot swappable battery pack or a rechargeable battery pack. The battery retainer 10 comprises a fixing bracket 11, a locking mechanism and a plurality of support devices 14. The locking mechanism is attached to the fixing bracket 11. The plurality of support devices 14 are attached to one side of the mounting bracket 11 faces the battery pack 31 and provides a plurality of support points to support the battery pack 31.

[0128] In the present embodiment, based on the correspondence of the locking mechanism with the locking shaft to perform the locking of the battery pack 31, a plurality of support portions 34 are arranged on the battery pack 31 and the plurality of locking devices support 14 for supporting the support portions 34 is disposed on the fixing bracket 11, the weight of the battery pack 31 can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of support devices 14 and the locking mechanism, the force is distributed more evenly on the fixing bracket 11, the force applied by the battery pack 31 to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of force of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket 11 is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so as to improve safety performance and improve the connection strength between the battery pack assembly 30 and the battery holder 10. In addition, the structure of the battery holder 10 is simple and the production cost is low, at the same time it avoids over-positioning, thus reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked.

[0129] As shown in Figure 1, the mounting bracket is a frame structure. The locking mechanism and the plurality of support devices 14 are attached to the frame of the frame structure. Obviously, in other embodiments, the fixing bracket 11 can also be a disc-shaped structure with an annular side wall, a cuboidal structure with an opening at the bottom or a plate-shaped structure, which does not limit the scope of protection. of the present invention.

[0130] The fastening bracket 11 comprises a frame 110 and a temporary connector 112. One side of the frame 110 in the width direction of the fastening bracket W has a support opening 111 and the temporary connector 112 is detachably connected to the portions in the frame 110 at both ends of the support opening 111 and covers the support opening 111 or is located in the support opening 111. When the battery pack 31 and battery retainer 10 are installed in the mobility device, the temporary connector 112 can be removed, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the electric vehicle.

[0131] In addition, the locking mechanism generally includes a locking base, in which the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is used for the locking shaft to be installed on the battery pack 31 enter the cavity. The support device 14 is provided with a support slot 142, a bottom surface of the support slot 142 is in the same plane as a bottom surface of the cavity. In this way, the battery pack 31 can be fixed more firmly on the fixing bracket 11, so that the battery pack 31 can be stably moved.

[0132] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, in the length direction of the fastening support L, both sides of the fastening support 11 are provided with locking mechanisms, the support devices 14 and the locking mechanisms that are on the same side are arranged at intervals. The length direction of the mounting bracket 11 and the length direction of the mobility device are approximately the same.

[0133] In addition, preferably, in the support devices 14 and in the locking mechanisms that are on the same side and in the length direction of the fixation support L, the support devices 14 are distributed at the two ends of the fixation support 11 and locking mechanisms are located in the middle part of the fixing bracket 11.

[0134] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, in the length direction of the fixing bracket L, both sides of the fixing bracket 11 are all arranged with two locking mechanisms. The two locking mechanisms on the same side of the fixing bracket 11 are arranged at intervals and are respectively a primary locking mechanism 12 and a secondary locking mechanism 13; wherein the secondary locking mechanism 13 and the primary locking mechanism 12 are used in cooperation; the primary locking mechanism 12 may refer to the "locking device" disclosed in Chinese patent application publication number CN106427514A. The secondary locking mechanism 13 can provide a secondary locking function or a locking protection function for the battery pack 31, when the primary locking mechanism 12 fails, this is used to prevent the battery pack 31 from falling and improve security performance.

[0135] Furthermore, the primary locking mechanism 12 comprises a locking link 120, at least one primary locking tongue 121 and at least one primary locking base 122. The primary locking base 122 is attached to the attachment bracket 11 In the present embodiment, three primary locking bases 122 and three primary locking tongues 121 are respectively arranged on both sides of the fastening support frame 11. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are partial schematic diagrams of one side.

[0136] As shown in Figures 2 to 3, the primary locking base 122 is provided with a primary opening 123 and a primary cavity 124 that extends from the primary opening 123, the primary opening 123 is used for the axis of primary lock 32 installed in battery pack 31 enters primary cavity 124. Lock link 120 is rotatably connected with at least one primary locking pawl 121 which is used to trigger primary locking pawl 121 to rotate under action of external force such that the primary locking tongue 121 can rotate relative to the primary locking base 122 to switch between a primary unlock state and a primary lock state. When the primary locking pawl 121 is in the primary locking state, the primary locking pawl 121 can prevent the primary locking bolt 32 from exiting the primary cavity 124 of the primary opening 123. The "primary locking state" refers to a locking state of the primary locking mechanism 12; the "primary unlock state" refers to an unlock state of the primary locking mechanism 12.

[0137] As shown in Figure 4, the secondary locking mechanism 13 comprises a secondary locking base 131, a secondary locking tongue 130 and a secondary resetting part 134. The secondary locking base 131 is attached to the attachment bracket 11 The secondary locking base 131 is provided with a secondary opening 132 and a secondary cavity 133 extending from the secondary opening 132, the secondary opening 132 is used for the secondary locking shaft 33 (the structure is the same or similar to primary locking shaft 32) installed in battery pack 31 enter secondary cavity 133.

[0138] The secondary locking tongue 130 can rotate relative to the secondary locking base 131 to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state. The secondary locking bolt 130 includes a secondary locking bolt body 1300 and a secondary locking bolt extending portion 1301 that are fixedly connected, the secondary locking bolt extending portion 1301 is outside the base secondary locking pawl 131. When the secondary locking pawl 130 is in the locked state, the body of the secondary locking pawl 1300 can prevent the secondary locking shaft 33 from exiting the secondary cavity 133 of the secondary opening 132.

[0139] The secondary resetting part 134 is arranged on the secondary locking base 131 and the secondary resetting part 134 acts on the secondary locking tongue 130. The secondary resetting part 134 can be elastically deformed, the secondary resetting part 134 is used to rotate the secondary locking tongue 130 in a locking direction to reset from the unlocked state to the locked state.

[0140] In the secondary locking mechanism 13, setting the secondary resetting part 134, it is convenient that the secondary locking tongue 130 is reset from the unlocking state to the locking state, facilitating the installation and locking of the battery pack 31 Furthermore, under the action of the secondary resetting part 134, the secondary locking tongue 130 will not easily change to the unlocking state, and the locking is more reliable; the extension portion of the secondary locking bolt 130 is arranged outside the secondary locking base 131, which can realize rotation of the body of the secondary locking bolt 130 by acting on the extending portion of the secondary locking bolt 130, and is convenient for unlocking .

[0141] In the present embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the bottom surface of the support slot 142 is in the same plane as a bottom surface of the primary cavity 124 and the secondary cavity 133. The bottom surface of the support slot 142, the lower surface of the primary cavity 124 and the lower surface of the secondary cavity 133 all refer to the surface close to the ground during use, which has the function of supporting the supporting portion 34 of the battery pack 31 of the primary locking shaft 32 and the secondary locking shaft 33, the three are located in the same plane, which can make the battery pack 31 move smoothly.

[0142] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of support devices 14 are distributed on both sides of the fixation support 11 in the length direction of the fixation support L. This allows the battery pack 31 to be mounted more smoothly on the retainer of battery 10. The numbers of the support devices 14 respectively located on both sides of the fixation support 11 are the same, and the support devices 14 disposed on both sides of the fixation support 11 are corresponding one to one and relatively disposed .

[0143] In the present embodiment, the support device 14 is similar to the structure of the primary locking base 122 and the secondary locking base 131, but it does not have the function of locking and serves only as a support platform for the battery pack 31 In other embodiments, other similar support mechanisms with support platforms may be applicable. The number of support devices 14 can be adjusted according to the actual weight of the battery pack 31, preferably the average weight supported by each support device 14 does not exceed 25 kg.

[0144] As shown in Figure 5, the support device 14 comprises a support base 140, wherein the support base 140 is provided with a support opening 141 and a support slot 142 extending from the opening of support 141, and support opening 141 is provided to support portion 34 mounted on battery pack 31 to enter support slot 142.

[0145] When the locking shaft enters the locking mechanism (in the present embodiment, the primary locking shaft 32 enters the primary locking mechanism 12, the secondary locking shaft 33 enters the secondary locking mechanism 13), the portion of support 34 of battery pack 31 enters support groove 142 of battery retainer 10 and, at the same time as locking is complete, support portion 34 is also pressed into support groove 142 of support base 140, so so that the battery pack 31 can be more firmly fixed in the fixing bracket 11.

[0146] Furthermore, the support device 14 further comprises an elastic part 143, wherein the elastic part 143 is at least partially located in the support groove 142 and the elastic part 143 is used to abut the support portion 34 of the assembly of batteries 31. It is not necessary that the elastic part 143 is in contact with the support 34, but once in contact, the rigid impact between the support portion 34 and the support base 140 can be avoided.

[0147] Specifically, the elastic part 143 comprises an elastic pad 1430, an elastic loop (not shown) and an elastic head 1431 which are sequentially connected. The elastic pad 1430 is located in the support slot 142 and is used to abut the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31. The elastic strap passes through the support base 140 and a wall portion of the support base 140 is secured between the elastic pad 1430 and the elastic head 1431. In this way, the entire elastic part 143 can be stably installed on the support base 140. The elastic part 143 is preferably made of rubber.

[0148] In addition, the support base 140 is provided with a location hole 144. The support device 14 also includes a guide pin 145. The guide pin 145 is partially located outside the location hole 144 and the pin guide pin 145 is in interference fit with locating hole 144. When support device 14 is installed in fixture bracket 11, guide pin 145 can be used for positioning.

[0149] The support base 140 is provided with a mounting hole 146, in which the mounting hole 146 is a threaded hole, the support base 140 can be removablely connected to the mounting bracket 11 through the mounting hole 146. The support opening 141 is bell-mouthed, which is convenient for the support portion 34 to enter the support slot 142.

[0150] As shown in Figures 1 to 3 and 5, the mounting bracket 11 has an accommodation cavity in the upper position (not shown), which is located above the support opening 141. A sensor in the upper position (not shown) is disposed in the housing cavity in the upper position to detect whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has passed through the support opening 141, to determine whether the battery pack 31 has been installed in place with respect to the battery retainer 10 in the direction height of the electric vehicle.

[0151] The mounting bracket 11 has an accommodation cavity in the front position (not shown), which is located at a front end of the support slot 142. The front end refers to the position close to the front of the electric vehicle in the direction of lenght. A front position sensor (not shown) is disposed in the front position accommodation cavity, which is used to detect whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has entered the front end of the support groove 142. Thus, the same can determine whether the battery pack 31 is installed in place with respect to the battery retainer 10 in the length direction of the electric vehicle, so that the electric vehicle can guarantee driving under the condition that when the battery pack 31 is installed on site, which improves the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0152] The battery retainer 10 also includes a quick change sensor (not shown), which is arranged in the attachment bracket 11. The quick change sensor is used to detect a position signal from an energy transfer device and transmit the position signal to a controller. The quick change sensor is a forced shutdown high voltage sensor, which can detect the position signal of power transfer equipment. When the power transfer equipment has reached the preset setting, the quick change sensor transmits the detected signal to the controller to perform a shutdown operation on the battery pack 31 and ensure that the battery pack 31 is replaced in case of power failure and improve your safety performance.

[0153] The present invention further provides an electric vehicle, as shown in Figure 6, the electric vehicle includes a battery pack assembly 30 and the battery retainer 10 as above, the battery pack assembly 30 is mounted on the battery retainer battery 10. In the present embodiment, the electric vehicle further includes a chassis (not shown) and the battery retainer 10 is attached to the chassis.

[0154] As shown in Figure 7, the battery pack 30 includes the battery pack 31 and the locking shaft (in the present embodiment, the locking shaft comprises a primary locking shaft 32 and a secondary locking shaft 33), the locking shaft is mounted on the battery pack 31. The locking shaft is located in the locking mechanism (in the present embodiment, the primary locking shaft 32 is located in the primary locking mechanism 12, the secondary locking shaft 33 is located on the secondary locking mechanism 13).

[0155] The battery pack assembly 30 further includes a plurality of support portion 34, the plurality of support portion 34 is mounted on the battery pack 31 and is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of support devices 14 , wherein support devices 14 are used to support the corresponding support portion 34.

[0156] The electric vehicle with the battery retainer 10 as above, based on the assembly of the locking mechanisms and the locking axles to lock the battery pack 31, the plurality of support portions 34 are mounted on the battery pack 31 to match the plurality of support devices 14 on the fixture 11, the weight of the battery pack 31 can be distributed simultaneously on the plurality of support devices 14 and locking mechanisms, the strength of the fixture 11 is more uniform , the force applied by the battery pack 31 to the locking mechanism is reduced, the concentration of force of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket 11 is prevented, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, so as to improve the security performance and the connection resistance between the battery pack 31, battery pack assembly 30 and the battery retainer 10, so as to improve the safety performance of the electric vehicle.

[0157] As shown in Figure 5 and Figures 8 to 9, the support portion 34 includes the support shaft 340, in which the support shaft 340 is pressed into the support base 140 and located in the support groove 142. When the locking shaft enters the opening (in the present embodiment, the primary locking shaft 32 enters the primary opening 123 and the secondary locking shaft 33 enters the secondary opening 132), the support shaft 340 enters the support opening 141, when the locking shaft enters the cavity of the locking mechanism (in the present embodiment, the primary locking shaft 32 enters the primary cavity 124 of the primary locking mechanism 12, the secondary locking shaft 33 enters the secondary cavity 133 of the secondary locking mechanism 13 ), the support shaft 340 of the battery pack 31 enters the support groove 142 of the battery retainer 10 and, when the lock is in place, the support shaft 340 is also pressed into the support groove 142 of the support base 140 , so that the battery pack 31 can be fixed more firmly in the fixing bracket 11.

[0158] In addition, the support portion 34 further includes a shaft sleeve 341, in which the shaft sleeve 341 is rotatably coated on the support shaft 340. The shaft sleeve 341 is rotatably coated on the support shaft 340, to allow shaft sleeve 341 to roll, thereby ensuring multiple installations, reducing wear and improving the life of bearing portion 34. The preferred material for shaft sleeve 341 is elastic material.

[0159] In a preferred embodiment, the support portion 34 further comprises a gasket 342, wherein the gasket 342 covers the support shaft 340 and is pressed into one end of the shaft sleeve 341. The support shaft 340 comprises a shaft body 3400 and a flange portion 3401, wherein the flange portion 3401 is coaxially disposed at one end of the shaft body 3400, the shaft sleeve 341 coats the shaft body 3400, the flange portion 3401 is releasably connected to the assembly of batteries 31.

[0160] Furthermore, preferably, the support shaft 340 is provided with an electromagnetic induction component 343. The electromagnetic induction component 343 is preferably magnetic steel. One end of the support shaft 340 away from the battery pack 31 is provided with a concave portion 344 and the electromagnetic induction element 343 is located in the concave portion 344. And the electromagnetic induction member 343 is in the same plane with the two ends of the support shaft 340 away from battery pack 31.

[0161] An upper position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction component 343 to detect whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has passed through the support opening 141. Thus, it can be determined whether the battery pack 31 is installed in place in relation to the battery retainer 10 in the height direction of the mobility device.

[0162] A front position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction component 343 to detect whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has entered the front end of the support slot 142. Thus, it can be determined whether the battery pack 31 is installed in place with respect to the battery holder 10 in the length direction of the electric vehicle, so that the electric vehicle can ensure driving under the condition that the battery pack 31 is installed in place and improve the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0163] So, referring mainly to Figures 4 to 5 and Figure 7, the working process of the secondary locking mechanism 13 and the support device 14 is briefly described, mainly including an unlocking process and a locking process, in the which initial state is the lock state.

[0164] The locking process: the secondary locking shaft 33 moves upwards under the action of an external force and enters the secondary cavity 133 through the secondary opening 132. The secondary locking shaft 33 acts on the secondary locking tongue 130 to make the secondary locking tongue 130 rotate counterclockwise, at the same time the support portion 34 moves upwards under the action of an external force and enters the support groove 142 through the support opening 141; the secondary locking tongue 130 acts on the secondary resetting part 134 to cause the elastic force of the secondary resetting part 134 to be changed; after the secondary locking tongue 130 is rotated to a certain angle, a channel for the secondary locking shaft 33 to pass through is formed in the secondary locking shaft 133, the secondary locking shaft 33 can move from back to front, and at the same time time, support portion 34 can move back and forth in support slot 142; until the secondary lock shaft 33 is no longer in contact with the secondary lock pawl 130, the secondary lock pawl 130 rotates clockwise under the action of the reset portion to reset to the locked state. When the secondary locking shaft 33 is locked in place, the support portion 34 is also installed in place.

[0165] The unlocking process: a force is applied to the secondary locking tongue 130 to make the secondary locking tongue 130 rotate counterclockwise; the secondary locking tongue 130 acts on the secondary resetting part 134 to change the spring force of the secondary resetting part 134; after the secondary locking pawl 130 rotates to a certain angle, a channel is formed for the secondary locking shaft 33 to pass through the secondary cavity 133; the secondary locking shaft 33 can move from front to back and then moves down through the secondary opening 132 to leave the secondary locking mechanism 13, at the same time the support portion 34 can move from front to back in the support slot 142 and then moves down through the support opening 141 to leave the support device 14.

MODALITY 2

[0166] This embodiment describes an energy transfer device for exchanging energy in an electric vehicle. As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, the power transfer device includes a battery pack retainer 60 (the battery pack retainer corresponds to the battery retainer in embodiment 1) and a vehicle side electrical connector on the side vehicle 50. The battery pack retainer mounting bracket forms a battery pack containment cavity 602 to contain the battery pack (not shown in the Figure), both sides of the battery pack are provided with locking shafts and the locking mechanism is attached to both sides of the battery pack containment cavity 602. The vehicle side electrical connector 50 is disposed on one side of the battery side electrical connector facing the battery pack in the containment cavity battery pack 602. When the battery pack locking shaft rises in the battery pack height direction into place on the locking mechanism, the distance between the locking shaft and the locking point along the length of the battery pack batteries in the locking mechanism is greater than the gap between the battery side electrical connector and the vehicle side electrical connector 50 along the length direction of the battery pack. When the locking shaft reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism, the battery side electrical connector and the vehicle side electrical connector 50 are under interference fit.

[0167] In the present embodiment, when the battery pack locking shaft is locked into place in the locking mechanism, the battery side electrical connector can be reliably connected with the vehicle side electrical connector 50, so to improve the reliability and efficiency of electric vehicle battery switching using the battery transfer device.

[0168] For ease of description, the distance between the locking axis and the locking point along the length of the battery pack in the locking mechanism is called the first distance, and the gap between the high voltage pole of the electrical connector of the battery side and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 along the length direction of the battery pack is called the second distance. In the present embodiment, the height of the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50, and the difference in height between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0169] In the present embodiment, the relationship between the height difference and the difference causes the high voltage to be connected before the low voltage is connected when the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is connected to the battery end electrical connector. As long as there is low voltage contact, a contactor control switch in the battery pack can output high voltage. In addition, when the connection between the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the battery electrical connector is disconnected, the low voltage first disconnects the high voltage, so as to prevent the pole from performing arc sintering and other adverse phenomena from happening due to high voltage is not disconnected. Preferably, the height difference range between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is 0 to 2 mm. In the present embodiment, the difference in height between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is 1 mm.

[0170] It should be noted that, based on the fact that the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the battery side electrical connector can be realized, the height difference between the low voltage pole of the side electrical connector vehicle side 50 and the high voltage pole of vehicle side electrical connector 50 can be any value between 0 and the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0171] In other alternative embodiments, this can also be defined as: the height of the low voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector, and the difference height between the low voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0172] In another alternative embodiment, this can also be defined as: the height of the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 is less than the height of the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50, and the height of the low voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector; the sum of the difference in height between the low voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the difference in height between the low voltage pole of the side electrical connector battery side and the high voltage pole of the battery side electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.

[0173] In the present embodiment, the connection between the battery side electrical connector and the vehicle side electrical connector is a floating electrical connection, the high voltage pole of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 in Figure 10 has an end electrical contact end 502 and a wiring terminal 501, wherein the end face of the electrical contact end 502 of the high voltage pole is provided with a groove (not shown in the Figure), the groove is concave inward along the direction axially of the tension pole, the groove is incorporated with an elastic conductive part (not shown in the Figure) and the elastic conductive part projects from a contact surface of the electrical contact end 502. Preferably, the elastic conductive part is a conductive spring . In addition, the vehicle side electrical connector 50 includes a flexible electrical connector (not shown in the Figure) and a high voltage plug, one end of the flexible electrical connector is floating electrically connected to the high voltage pole wiring terminal 501. voltage. The high voltage plug is electrically floating connected to the other end of the flexible electrical connector.

[0174] In the present embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a locking base, the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is used for the locking shaft to enter the cavity. The battery pack retainer 60 is provided with an up position housing cavity which is located above the opening, the up position housing cavity is provided with an up position sensor, the top position sensor is used to detect whether the locking shaft passed through the opening and was installed in the locking mechanism along the height direction of the battery pack. The battery pack retainer 60 is further provided with a front position accommodating cavity, which is located at the front end of the cavity, the front position accommodating cavity is provided with a front position sensor, the front position sensor is used to detect that the locking shaft has entered the front end of the cavity and has settled into place in the locking mechanism along the length direction of the battery pack.

[0175] In the present embodiment, the upper position sensor can detect whether the locking shaft lifts into place in the locking mechanism, the front position sensor can detect whether the locking shaft locks into place at the front end of the cavity, and reaches the locking point, the top position sensor and the front position sensor can improve the locking reliability of the battery pack, which is conducive to improving the electrical connection of the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the vehicle side electrical connector. battery side and further improve the reliability of electric vehicle power exchange.

[0176] As shown in Figure 10, the battery pack retainer 60 is also provided with a wire harness 70, which is used to transmit the upper position signal detected by the upper position sensor and the front position signal detected by the front position sensor for power transfer equipment.

[0177] With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11, two locking mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the battery pack retainer 60 in the length direction of the battery pack retainer, and the two locking mechanisms on the same side of the battery pack retainer 60 are arranged at intervals, and the two locking mechanisms are respectively a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism. The vehicle side electrical connector 50 is disposed on a side wall of the battery pack retainer 60 along the width direction of the battery pack retainer 60. The length direction of the battery pack retainer 60 is parallel to the length direction of the battery pack. When the primary locking mechanism 20 fails, the secondary locking mechanism 30 functions to lock the locking shaft of the battery pack and prevent the battery pack from falling, which is conducive to further improving the reliability of power exchange of the battery pack. electric vehicle.

[0178] With reference to Figures 10 to 12, the primary locking mechanism 20 includes a locking link 201, at least one primary locking tongue 202, at least one primary locking base 203, the primary locking base 203 is fixed in the battery pack retainer 60, the primary locking base 203 is provided with a primary opening and a primary cavity 204 extending from the primary opening, the primary opening is used for the battery's primary locking shaft to enter the cavity primary locking pawl 204 and the locking link 201 is rotatably connected with at least one primary locking pawl 202 to drive the primary locking pawl 202 to rotate under the action of external force, so that the primary locking pawl 202 can rotate relative to to the primary lock base 203 to switch between a primary unlock state and a primary lock state, when the primary lock pawl 202 is in the primary unlock state, the primary lock pawl 202 can prevent the primary lock shaft from coming out of the primary cavity 204 from the primary aperture. One side of the locking link 201 towards the primary locking base 203 is further provided with a unlocking block 205, the unlocking block 205 being a convex arc formed outwardly from the locking link 201 and the top of the block unlocking pin 205 is a concave internal arc groove within the locking link 201. In the present embodiment, the number of the primary locking tongue 202 and the number of the primary locking base 203 are both three.

[0179] With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 13, the secondary locking mechanism 30 includes a secondary locking base 301, a secondary locking tongue 302 and a secondary resetting part 303. Wherein the secondary locking base 301 is attached to battery pack retainer 60, wherein the secondary locking base 301 is provided with a secondary opening 3011 and a secondary cavity 3012 extending from the secondary opening 3011 and the secondary opening 3011 is used for the secondary locking shaft of the battery pack enters secondary cavity 3012. Secondary locking tab 302 is pivotable relative to secondary locking base 301 to switch between a secondary unlocking state and a secondary locking state. The secondary locking pawl 302 includes a secondary locking pawl body 3021 and a secondary locking pawl extension portion 3022, the secondary locking pawl body 3021 and the secondary locking pawl extension portion 3022 are connected in a manner fixed, the secondary locking pawl extension portion 302 is located outside the secondary locking pawl 301. When the secondary locking pawl 302 is in the secondary locking state, the body of the secondary locking pawl 3021 can prevent the Secondary locking leave the secondary cavity 3012 of the secondary opening 3011. The secondary resetting part 303 is disposed in the secondary locking base 301 and acts on the secondary locking tongue 302, the secondary resetting part 303 is capable of elastic deformation, the secondary locking part Secondary reset 303 is used to rotate the secondary locking tongue 302 in a locking direction to reset from the secondary unlocking state to the secondary locking state.

[0180] With reference to Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figures 14 to 16, the energy transfer device also includes a locking protection mechanism 10. The locking protection mechanism 10 is fixed on the opposite side of the locking mechanism primary interlock on the battery pack retainer 60, and the interlock protection mechanism 10 is disposed in the movable path of the interlock link 201 to limit movement of the interlock link 201 relative to the primary interlock base 203. lock 10 can move between a first position and a second position with respect to lock link 201. When lock protection mechanism 10 is in the first position, lock protection mechanism 10 actuates lock link 201 to limit the movement of locking link 201 relative to primary locking base 203; when the locking guard mechanism 10 is in the second position, the locking guard mechanism 10 is separated from the locking link 201 to allow movement of the locking link 201 relative to the primary locking base 203.

[0181] When the primary locking mechanism 20 locks the locking shaft, the locking protection mechanism 10 can limit the movement of the locking link 201 in relation to the primary locking base 203, thus improving the locking effect of the locking mechanism primary lock 20, so that the primary lock mechanism 20 can reliably lock the lock shaft. Also, this is beneficial to improve the reliability of the electric vehicle.

[0182] Understand with reference to Figure 11 and Figures 14 to 18, the locking protection mechanism 10 includes a first lower housing 101 and a locking pin 102. The first lower housing 101 can be removablely connected to one side opposite the locking axis in the primary locking base 203, the inside of the first lower housing 101 has a first retention cavity 1011 and the side wall of the lower housing has a through hole 1012 communicated with the first retention cavity 1011. The locking pin 102 is located in the first retention cavity 1011, and the locking pin penetrates the through hole 1012 and can switch between an extended state and a retracted state. Wherein, when the locking pin 102 is in the extended state, the locking pin 102 is in the first position; when locking pin 102 is in the retracted state, locking pin 102 is in the second position. Switching of the locking pin 102 between the first position and the second position is accomplished by controlling the extension and retraction of the locking pin 102, which is simple in structure and easy to carry out. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, a hole 601 is disposed in the battery pack retainer 60 and the locking pin 102 alternates between the first position and the second position through the hole 601.

[0183] The locking protection mechanism 10 also includes a drive pin 103, a first electromagnetic induction component 104 and a first elastic element 105. The drive pin 103 acts on the lock pin 102 and the drive pin 103 can moves with respect to the locking pin 102 to be engaged or separated from the locking pin 102. The first electromagnetic induction component 104 is disposed on the drive pin 103, the first electromagnetic induction component 104 is used to drive the drive pin 103 to exert a force on the locking pin 102 along the direction of retraction of the locking pin 102 under the action of an external electromagnetic device. The first elastic element 105 is connected to one end of the locking pin 102 away from the cavity, the first elastic element 105 is abutted between the locking pin 102 and the inner wall surface of the first retention cavity 1011 and the first elastic element 105 is used to apply a force to the locking pin 102 in the direction of extension of the locking pin 102. When the first electromagnetic induction component 104 is engaged with the external electromagnetic device, the drive pin 103 is separated from the locking pin 102 and a force is applied to the locking pin 102 along the retracting direction to place the locking pin 102 in the retracted state; when the first electromagnetic induction component 104 is separated from the external electromagnetic device, the first elastic element 105 exerts a force on the locking pin 102 in the extension direction and the actuating pin 103 is engaged with the locking pin 102, so that the locking pin 102 is in the extended state.

[0184] In the present embodiment, when the first electromagnetic induction component 104 is engaged with an external electromagnetic device, the drive pin 103 moves away from the locking pin 102 and a force is applied to the locking pin 102 along the direction of retraction, so that the locking pin 102 retracts and the locking pin 102 compresses the first spring element 105. When the drive pin 103 is completely detached from the locking pin 102, the first spring element 105 provides a restoring force to the locking pin 102 to return locking pin 102 to a position for engagement with drive pin 103. When the first electromagnetic induction member 104 is separated from the external electromagnetic device, drive pin 103 moves in a direction pointed to the locking pin 102 to engage with the locking pin 102, so that the locking pin 102 is in the extended state. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the magnetic engagement method is used to control the engagement and separation of the drive pin 103 and the lock pin 102, and then to control the extension and retraction of the lock pin 102. The control method is simple and the control efficiency is high.

[0185] The locking pin 102 has an executive part 1021 and a connection part 1022. The connection part 1022 is connected to one end of the execution part 1021, which is away from the primary cavity 204, the connection part 1022 has a second retaining cavity 1023 which is used to hold the actuating pin 103. The first elastic element 105 is connected to the end of the connection part 1022, away from the running part 1021, the first elastic element 105 is tapped between the connection 1022 and the inner wall surface of the first retention cavity 1011, and the first elastic element 105 exerts a force on the connection portion 1022 in the extension direction. When the drive pin 103 is engaged with the lock pin 102, one end of the drive pin 103 next to the lock pin 102 is secured to the second retaining cavity 1023, which belongs to the flush connection and takes up less space.

[0186] In the present embodiment, a first angle is formed between the length direction of the connection part 1022 and the height direction of the drive pin 103, and the second retention cavity 1023 extends along the height direction of the pin drive pin 103 such that drive pin 103 moves in the height direction of drive pin 103 relative to locking pin 102.

[0187] The drive pin 103 has a head end and a tail end along its height direction, the head end of the drive pin 103 is incorporated in the second retention cavity 1023 and the first electromagnetic induction component 104 is disposed at the tail end of the drive pin 103. The inner wall surface of the second holding chamber 1023 is provided with a first angled portion 1024 and the first end of the drive pin 103 is provided with a second angled portion 1032 adapted to the first angled part 1024. When the drive pin 103 is engaged with the locking pin 102, the first angled part 1024 is attached to the second angled part 1032; when the drive pin 103 is separated from the lock pin 102, the second inclined part 1032 moves downwardly with respect to the first inclined part 1024 and applies a force to the locking pin 102 along the retraction direction, so as to place the locking pin 102 in the retracted state.

[0188] In the present embodiment, the engagement of the first inclined part 1024 and the second inclined part 1032 is ingeniously used, when the drive pin 103 moves in a direction away from the locking pin 102, the first inclined part 1024 slides in with respect to the second inclined part 1032. The frictional force applied by the first inclined part 1024 to the second inclined part 1032 can be resolved into a component force along the retraction direction, and under the function of the component force, the locking pin 102 retracts back.

[0189] The surface of the inner wall of the second retention cavity 1023 is also provided with a concave part 1025 and the head end of the drive pin 103 is provided with a convex part that corresponds to the concave part 1025. The surface of the inner wall of the second retention cavity 1023 is provided with two first angled parts 1024 and the first two angled parts 1024 are relatively disposed on both sides of the concave part 1025. In the present embodiment, the concave part 1025 can play a limiting role in the actuation pin 103, help to make the drive pin 103 reliably engage with the lock pin 102, thus helping to realize the stable extension of the lock pin 102 and helping to realize the reliable locking of the lock shaft.

[0190] The first electromagnetic induction component 104 is incorporated at the rear end of the drive pin 103. In this way, the first electromagnetic induction component 104 does not take up additional space outside the drive pin 103, which is beneficial to improve utilization from space. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to shield the first component from electromagnetic induction 104.

[0191] In addition, the rear end of the drive pin 103 is covered by a second elastic element 106, the second elastic element 106 exerts a force on the drive pin 103 in a direction close to the connection part 1022, where the force exerted by the second elastic element 106 on the actuating pin 103 is greater than the gravity of the actuating pin 103. In this present embodiment, when the actuating pin 103 is engaged with the locking pin 102, the force applied by the second elastic element 106 to the The drive pin 103 can prevent the drive pin 103 from falling under gravity, further improving the engagement reliability of the drive pin 103 and the locking pin 102. When it is necessary for the drive pin 103 to move in the direction close to the locking pin 102, the force applied by the second elastic element 106 to the driving pin 103 can overcome the gravity of the driving pin 103, so that the driving pin 103 can move in the direction close to the locking pin 102 more reliably.

[0192] The locking protection mechanism 10 further includes a second lower housing 107, the second lower housing 107 is connected to the bottom of the first lower housing 101, the second lower housing 107 has a third retention cavity 1071, the third retention cavity 107 retention 1071 is in intercommunication with the first retention cavity 1011 and the drive pin 103 is located in the third retention cavity 1071. A second angle is formed between the center axis of the second lower housing 107 and the center axis of the first lower housing 101 , and the second angle is equal to the first angle.

[0193] Furthermore, the surface of the outer wall of the drive pin 103 is provided with a locking part 1031 corresponding to both ends of the second elastic element 106, and the second elastic element 106 is clamped between the two locking parts 1031 That is, in the present embodiment, the second elastic element 106 is integrally coated on the outer wall surface of the drive pin 103 and the second elastic element 106 is a spring. The main function of the locking part 1031 is to locate the second elastic element 106 to restrict the movement of the second elastic element 106 along the height direction of the drive pin 103.

[0194] In addition, the locking protection mechanism 10 also includes an upper housing 108 that is pressed and removablely connected to the first lower housing 101. The upper housing 108 can secure and protect the locking pin 102, the locking pin drive 103, etc. The upper housing 108 has a fourth retention cavity 1081, a first sensor 1082 is disposed in the fourth retention cavity 1081 and a second electromagnetic induction member 1026 is disposed in the executive portion 1021. electromagnetic induction 1026 to detect that the executive part 1021 is in an extended state. The fourth retention cavity 1081 is further provided with a second sensor 1083, the second sensor 1083 acts on the second electromagnetic induction component 1026 to detect that the executive part 1021 is in a retracted state. Compared to the first sensor 1082, the second sensor 1083 is closer to the drive pin 103. Through the first sensor 1082, the second sensor 1083 and the second electromagnetic induction component 1026 can reliably detect when the locking pin 102 is in the extended state and retracted state, which is conducive to unlocking and locking the battery pack by the primary locking mechanism 20. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the first electromagnetic induction component 104 and the second electromagnetic induction component 1026 are both magnetic steel.

[0195] In addition, in the present embodiment, the locking protection mechanism 10 adopts the method of electromagnetic attraction of the drive pin 103 to carry out the extension and retraction of the locking pin 102, and the extension and retraction of the locking pin locking 102 are in the same linear direction. In other alternative embodiments, the extension and retraction of the locking pin 102 can be performed by other actuation modes (non-electromagnetic actuation modes), the path of action of the locking pin 102 can also be defined as a curve and other structures Different locking pin 102, such as crank mechanism and rocker mechanism, can be adopted to realize switching between the first position and second position of locking protection mechanism.

[0196] Understand, with reference to Figure 11 and Figure 19, the energy transfer device further includes a plurality of support structures 40. The plurality of support structures 40 are attached to one side of the battery pack retainer 60 facing the battery pack, and the plurality of support structures 40 are used to provide a plurality of support points for supporting the battery pack. Specifically, the support structure 40 includes a support base 401, the support base 401 having a support base 401 and a support slot 403 extending from the support opening 402, the support opening 402 is used for a support part installed in the battery pack to enter the support slot 403. The plurality of support structures 40 are distributed on both sides of the battery pack retainer 60 in the length direction of the battery pack retainer 60, and the support structures 40 disposed on both sides of the battery pack retainer 60 are matched one to one and relatively arranged. Both sides of the battery pack retainer 60 in the length direction of the battery pack retainer 60 are provided with a locking mechanism, and the support structure 40 and the locking mechanism on the same side are adjusted at intervals. The supporting structure 40 can support the battery pack, facilitate the installation of the battery pack and battery pack retainer 60, and improve the locking effect of the locking mechanism, so as to improve the reliability of the vehicle's power exchange electric.

[0197] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the battery pack retainer 60 in Figure 10 is further provided with an energy exchange sensor (not shown in the Figure), which is used to detect the energy transfer equipment and control disconnecting the electrical connection between the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the battery side electrical connector. When the battery pack is removed from the battery pack retainer 60 by the power transfer equipment, the power switch sensor can disconnect the electrical connection between the vehicle side electrical connector 50 and the battery side electrical connector, so as to protect the electric vehicle.

[0198] The embodiment also discloses a method of installing an energy transfer device, which comprises the following steps:

[0199] Step 1, install the battery from the bottom of the battery pack retainer along the height direction of the battery pack into the battery pack retainer until the locking shaft positions itself in the locking mechanism along battery pack height direction;

[0200] Step 2, move the battery pack forward along its length direction until the lock shaft reaches the lock point on the lock mechanism along the battery pack length direction.

[0201] According to the power transfer device in the present embodiment, when the battery pack locking shaft is locked in place in the locking mechanism, the battery side electrical connector can be reliably connected to the electrical connector on the vehicle side, so as to improve the reliability and efficiency of electric vehicle power exchange using the power transfer device.

[0202] While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, those skilled in the art will understand that these are examples only, and various changes or modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and essence of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (27)

1. Battery retainer to be fitted to the bodywork of an electric vehicle for securing a battery pack (31), wherein the battery retainer (10) comprises a fastening bracket (11) and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism is fixed on the fixing bracket (11), wherein the battery retainer (10) further comprises: a plurality of support devices (14), the support device (14) is fixed on one side of the support device fixture (11) facing the battery pack (31), and the plurality of support devices (14) provide a plurality of support points for supporting the battery pack (31); the support device (14) is provided with a support groove (142); the support device (14) comprises: a support base (140), wherein the support base (140) is provided with a support opening (141) and a support slot (142) extending from the support opening (141), and the support opening (141) is used for a support portion (34) mounted on the battery pack (31) to enter the support slot (142); characterized by the fact that: the fixing bracket (11) has an accommodation cavity in the upper position, the upper position accommodation cavity is located above the support opening (141), an upper position sensor is disposed in the upper position cavity. upper position accommodation, the upper position sensor is used to detect whether the support portion (34) of the battery pack (31) has passed the support opening (141); the fastening bracket (11) has an accommodation cavity in the front position, the accommodation cavity in the front position is located at the front end of the support groove (142), a front position sensor is arranged in the accommodation cavity at the front position, wherein the front position sensor is used to detect whether the support portion (34) of the battery pack (31) has entered the front end of the support slot (142). 2. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking mechanism includes a locking base, the locking base is provided with an opening and a cavity that extends from the opening, the opening it is used for a locking shaft installed in the battery pack (31) to enter the cavity; the support device (14) is provided with a support groove (142), a bottom surface of the support groove (142) is in the same plane as a bottom surface of the cavity. 3. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support device (14) further comprises an elastic part (143), in which the elastic part (143) is at least partially located in the groove of support (142) and the elastic part (143) is used to abut the support portion (34) of the battery pack (31). 4. Battery retainer, according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic part (143) comprises an elastic pad (1430), an elastic strap and an elastic head (1431) connected in sequence; the elastic pad (1430) is located in the support groove (142), the elastic pad (1430) is used to abut the support portion (34) of the battery pack (31); the elastic loop passes through the support base (140), and a portion of the base support wall (140) is secured between the elastic pad (1430) and the elastic head (1431). 5. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support base (140) is provided with a locating hole (144), the support device (14) also includes a guide pin ( 145), the guide pin (145) is located partially outside the locating hole (144) and the guide pin (145) is in interference fit with the locating hole (144). 6. Battery retainer, according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the support base (140) is provided with a mounting hole (146), in which the mounting hole (146) is a hole threaded, the support base (140) is removablely connected to the mounting bracket (11) through the mounting hole (146). 7. Battery retainer, according to any one of claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that the support opening (141) is a bell mouth. 8. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of support devices (14) are distributed on both sides of the fixing support (11) in the length direction of the fixing support (11 ). 9. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the numbers of the support devices (14) located respectively on both sides of the fixation support (11) are the same, and the support devices ( 14) arranged on both sides of the fixing bracket (11) are corresponding one to one and relatively arranged. 10. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the support devices (14) and in the locking mechanisms that are on the same side and in the direction of the length of the fixation support (11), the devices support (14) are distributed at both ends of the fixation support (11), and the locking mechanisms are located in the central part of the fixation support (11). 11. Battery retainer, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the direction of the length of the fastening support, both sides of the fastening support are both arranged with two locking mechanisms, the two locking mechanisms of the same side of the fixing bracket are arranged at intervals and are, respectively, a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism. 12. Battery retainer according to claim 11, characterized in that the primary locking mechanism (12) comprises a locking connection (120), at least one primary locking tongue (121) and at least one base primary locking base (122), the primary locking base (122) is attached to the mounting bracket (11), the primary locking base (122) is provided with a primary opening (123) and a primary cavity (124) that extends from the primary opening (123), the primary opening (123) is used for a primary locking shaft (32) installed in the battery pack (31) to enter the primary cavity (124), the locking linkage (120) is rotatably connected with at least one primary locking pawl (121), the locking link (120) is used to trigger the primary locking pawl (121) to rotate under the action of external force, so that the pawl primary locking lug (121) is rotatable relative to the primary locking lug (122) to switch between a primary unlock state and a primary lock state, wherein when the primary locking pawl (121) is in the locked state primary, the primary locking tongue (121) prevents the primary locking shaft (32) from leaving the primary cavity (124) from the primary opening (123). 13. Battery retainer, according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the secondary locking mechanism (13) comprises: a secondary locking base (131), wherein the secondary locking base (131) is Attached to the mounting bracket (11), the secondary locking base (131) is provided with a secondary opening (132) and a secondary cavity (133) extending from the secondary opening (132), the secondary opening (132 ) is used for the secondary locking shaft (33) installed in the battery pack (31) to enter the secondary cavity (133); a secondary locking lug (130), the secondary locking lug (130) is rotatable relative to the secondary locking lug (131) to toggle between an unlocked state and a locked state, the secondary locking lug (130) includes a secondary locking pawl body (130) and a secondary locking pawl extension portion (130) that are fixedly connected, the secondary locking pawl extension portion (130) is outside the base secondary locking pawl (131), whereby when the secondary locking pawl (130) is in the locked state, the body of the secondary locking pawl (130) prevents the secondary locking shaft (33) from leaving the secondary cavity ( 133) from the secondary opening (132); and, a secondary resetting part (134), wherein the secondary resetting part (134) is disposed on the secondary locking base (131), and the secondary resetting part (134) acts on the secondary locking tongue (130) , the secondary resetting part (134) can be elastically deformed, the secondary resetting part (134) is used to rotate the secondary locking tongue (130) in a locking direction to reset from the unlocking state to the locking state . 14. Battery retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the fastening support (11) comprises a structure (110) and a temporary connector (112), one side of which structure (110) 110) in the width direction of the mounting bracket (11) has a support opening (111), and the temporary connector (112) is detachably connected to the portions at both ends of the support opening (111) in the frame (110) ) and covers the support opening (111) or is located in the support opening (111). 15. Battery retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the battery retainer (10) also includes a quick-change sensor, the quick-change sensor being placed on the mounting bracket (11), the quick change sensor is used to detect the position signal from a power transfer equipment and transmit the position signal to a controller. 16. Electric vehicle, the electric vehicle includes a battery pack assembly, wherein the battery pack assembly (30) includes a battery pack (31) and a locking axle, the locking axle being mounted on the battery pack (31), characterized in that the electric vehicle further comprises the battery retainer (10), as defined in claim 1, the battery pack assembly (30) is mounted on the battery retainer (10), the locking shaft is located in the locking mechanism; the battery pack assembly (30) further includes a plurality of support portion (34), the plurality of support portion (34) is mounted on the battery pack (31) and is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of support devices, the support devices (14) being used to support the support portion (34) correspondingly. 17. Electric vehicle according to claim 16, characterized in that the locking mechanism includes a locking base, the locking base being provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is used for the locking shaft to enter the cavity, and the locking shaft is mounted in the cavity; the support device (14) comprises a support base (140), the support base (140) being provided with a support opening (141) and a support slot (142) extending from the opening (141), and the support opening (141) is used for the support portion (34) to enter the support groove (142); the support portion (34) includes a support shaft (340), the support shaft (340) being pressed into the support base (140) and located in the support groove (142). 18. Electric vehicle, according to claim 17, characterized in that the support portion (34) also includes an axle sleeve (341), the axle sleeve (341) rotatingly covering the drive axle support (340). 19. Electric vehicle, according to claim 18, characterized in that the shaft sleeve material (341) is elastic material. 20. Electric vehicle, according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the support portion (34) further comprises a gasket (342), the gasket (342) covering the support shaft (340) and is pressed into one end of the shaft sleeve (341). 21. Electric vehicle according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the support shaft (340) comprises an axle body (3400) and a flange part (3401), the flange part ( 3401) is arranged coaxially at one end of the shaft body (3400), the shaft sleeve (341) covers the shaft body (3400), the flange portion (3401) being detachably connected to the battery pack (31). 22. Electric vehicle, according to claim 17, characterized in that the support shaft (340) is provided with an electromagnetic induction component (343); the fixing bracket (11) has an accommodation cavity in the upper position, the accommodation cavity in the upper position is located above the support opening (141), an upper position sensor is arranged in the accommodation cavity in the upper position and acts on the electromagnetic induction component (343) to detect whether the support portion (34) of the battery retainer (31) has passed through the support opening (141). 23. Electric vehicle, according to claim 17 or 22, characterized in that the mounting bracket (11) has an accommodation cavity in the front position, and the accommodation cavity in the front position is located at the front end of the support slot (142), a front position sensor is disposed in the accommodation cavity in the front position, wherein the front position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction component to detect whether the support portion (34) of the battery retainer ( 31) entered the front end of the support slot (142). 24. Electric vehicle, according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that one end of the support shaft (340) away from the battery pack (31) is provided with a concave part (344), and the electromagnetic induction is located in the concave part (344), and the electromagnetic induction component (343) is in the same plane with the two ends of the support shaft (340) away from the battery pack (31). 25. Electric vehicle, according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the electromagnetic induction component (343) is magnetic steel 26. Electric vehicle, according to claim 16, characterized in that the support portion (34) includes: a support shaft (340), the support shaft (340) is pressed into the support device (14) ; a shaft sleeve (341), the shaft sleeve (341) rotatably covers the support shaft (340). 27. Electric vehicle according to any one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that the electric vehicle also includes a chassis, and the battery retainer (10) is attached to the chassis.