BR112021000905A2 - BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE FOOD PACKAGING UNIT FROM A MOLDED PULP OR FOFA MATERIAL WITH A LAMINATED MULTI-LAYER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A FOOD PACKING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a molded or fluffy pulp material with a laminated multilayer and method for making such a food packaging unit the present invention relates to a biodegradable packaging unit for food from of a molded or fluffy pulp material and a method for making such a biodegradable packaging unit. the package according to the invention comprises a food receiving and / or transport compartment comprising a laminated biodegradable multilayer, with the multilayer comprising: - an inner covering layer comprising an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester; ¿A first intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; A functional layer comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer; ¿A second intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; and - an outer covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, and wherein the food packaging unit is a compostable food packaging unit.

Description

“BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE FOOD PACKAGING UNIT FROM A MOLDED PULP OR FUEL MATERIAL WITH A MULTILAYER LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A FOOD PACKAGING UNIT ”

[001] The present invention relates to food packaging units from a molded or fluffy pulp material. Such food packaging unit can refer to cases, boxes, glasses, plates, conveyors, sip caps, etc.

[002] The packaging units that are made from a molded pulp material are known. Such molded pulp or fluffy pulp often originates from recycled paper and / or virgin fibers. These packaging units are used to store, transport and / or display a range of products, including food products, such as eggs, tomatoes, kiwis.

[003] Packaging units that come into contact with food products are subject to many restrictions. This usually requires the provision of an additional film layer on or inside the packaging unit, with the film layer acting as a barrier. This barrier separates the food product from the molded pulp material of the packaging unit.

[004] One of the problems with such food packaging units comprising an additional layer of film is that the packaging units are often not sustainable or, at least, not entirely sustainable. In addition, the use of an additional film layer also places restrictions on the possibilities of recycling.

[005] The present invention aims to avoid or at least reduce the problems mentioned above in conventional food packaging units and to provide a food packaging unit that is more sustainable and / or that has improved recycling possibilities.

[006] For this purpose, the present invention provides a food packaging unit from a molded or fluffy pulp material, the packaging unit comprising a food receiving and / or transport compartment comprising a biodegradable laminated multilayer, with the multilayer comprising: - an inner covering layer comprising an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester; - a first intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; - a functional layer comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer; - a second intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; and - an outer covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, and wherein the food packaging unit is a compostable food packaging unit.

[007] The food packaging unit according to the invention comprises a compartment capable of receiving or transporting or retaining a food product. For example, a food receiving compartment can refer to a compartment capable of holding a food product, such as eggs, tomatoes, kiwis or a container for holding a drink. A transport compartment can refer to a transport surface on or into which a food product can be placed, such as a plate, glass, bowl, bottle divider, etc. In other embodiments according to the invention, the food receiving compartment is capable of receiving and retaining a meal, for example, ready meals, salads, etc.

[008] In the context of this invention, degradable refers to degradation resulting in loss of properties, while biodegradable refers to degradation resulting from the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Compostable refers to degradation by biological process to produce CO2, water, inorganic compounds and biomass.

[009] The food packaging unit according to the invention is preferably compostable, thus providing a sustainable packaging unit. This provides an alternative biodegradable material to the plastics used conventionally, for example. This improves the recycling properties of the packaging units that are made of molded or fluffy pulp (including so-called virgin fiber material and / or recycled fiber material) and comprise a biodegradable laminated multilayer. In several of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention, the packaging unit is also degradable in the marine environment, further improving the sustainability of the packaging unit.

[010] According to the invention, the food packaging unit comprises a biodegradable laminated multilayer. This laminated multilayer is in some of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention provided above or adjacent to the food contact surface of the food receiving and / or transport compartment. In some other embodiments of the invention, the laminated multilayer is provided in the molded or fluffy pulp material of the food receiving and / or transport compartment.

[011] According to the present invention, the laminated multilayer comprises at least 5 layers of material. It will be understood that additional layers can also be provided in accordance with the present invention. The inner and outer cover layer comprises a quantity of biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS, PHB, PHA, PCL, PLA, PGA, PHBH and PHBV. The inner and outer cover layer can also comprise a biodegradable composition of materials, such as a combination of starch and one of the biodegradable aliphatic polyesters mentioned above, such as PBS and / or PLA. This improves the surface properties of the laminated multilayer and the packaging unit supplied with it. This includes the so-called cleaning capacity of the packaging unit. The cleaning ability refers to the possibility of removing stains from the surface and reducing or even preventing penetration into the material. In addition, it can provide more possibilities to mask (hide) unwanted stains and / or promote the compostable effect of the packaging unit. The surface properties also refer to the resistance to grease, such that the (chemical properties) of the packaging unit can be maintained during its use, for example. In addition, the penetration of oil from the food product, such as pasta or chips, into the food packaging unit can be reduced. In addition, the water barrier properties can be improved to reduce the penetration of water into the packaging unit and thus reduce rib problems, for example.

[012] In addition, the laminated multilayer comprises a functional central layer comprising a biodegradable and compostable vinyl alcohol polymer. This functional layer contributes to the multilayer properties, such as acting as a gas barrier. For example, the functional layer can provide an effective barrier to O2. This improves the shelf storage of the food product (s) in the packaging unit.

[013] In a currently preferred embodiment, the vinyl alcohol polymer comprises a highly amorphous vinyl alcohol polymer, such as HAVOH and / or vinyl butanediol alcohol (BVOH) copolymer. Such a polymer or polymer mixture also provides an effective barrier, especially a gas barrier and, more specifically, an oxygen barrier. Such a barrier can be used effectively to further improve the shelf life of the food product (s). In addition, this also reduces food waste, further improving the sustainable effects of the food packaging unit according to the present invention. The experiments showed a surprisingly effective barrier to O2, especially at relative humidity of up to 60% compared to conventional materials. An example of BVOH is the G-Polymer.

[014] As another advantage, vinyl alcohol polymers are moldable and extrudable. This makes it possible to co-extrude the laminated multilayer with the basic material of the packaging unit, especially the basic material of the compartment (s), such as the molded or fluffy pulp material. The co-extruded material can be molded or deep drawn. This provides efficient and effective manufacturing processes for the packaging unit of the present invention. Efficiency can even be improved by recycling the remains after drilling the material in the manufacturing process.

[015] The inner and outer cover layers are separated from the central functional layer by an intermediate layer, which can also be referred to as a bonding layer. This intermediate layer is substantially of a biodegradable material and connects and / or seals its adjacent layers. Preferably, the intermediate layers improve or at least contribute to maintaining the desired properties of the central functional layer, such as acting as a gas barrier. For example, the intermediate layers seal the central functional layer against liquid penetration to maintain the gas barrier properties of the functional layer.

[016] It will be understood that additional separate layers can be provided in the laminated multilayer, providing 7, 9 or 11 layers of material, improving the general properties of the laminated multilayer, for example, including fat barrier and odor barrier.

[017] It has been demonstrated that by applying a laminated multilayer, the general properties of the packaging unit have been improved. In fact, the packaging unit with a laminated multilayer allows the compartment to hold different types of food, including ready meals with pasta sauce, for example.

[018] The combination of the barrier properties and the cleaning capacity of the laminated multilayer in a packaging unit according to the invention allows the use of these packaging units for a wide range of food products, including meat packaging, for example. In fact, the packaging unit of the invention substantially avoids product stains caused by the hemoglobin contained in the meat. This improves the visual appearance of the product and the shelf life of the product.

[019] In addition, the packaging unit according to the present invention is compostable. This reduces waste and provides more sustainable packaging for food products.

[020] According to the present invention, the packaging unit with the food receiving and / or transport compartment is manufactured from a molded or fluffy pulp material. In a currently preferred embodiment, the laminated multilayer is co-extruded with the molded pulp material and,

subsequently stamped deeply into the desired shape of the packaging unit.

In another currently preferred embodiment, the laminated multilayer layer is provided in a mold operation, preferably in combination with a mold drying operation.

As an additional alternative, the laminated multilayer is laminated to the molded or fluffy pulp material, optionally comprising one or more of: deep stamping with underpressure / vacuum, heating, providing overpressure at the top.

The multilayer according to the invention showed effective capabilities to be stamped deep into the packaging unit.

In alternative embodiments, soft (raw) pulp material is used that preferably comprises soft, long-fiber woods.

After pretreatment, the soft pulp material is supplied to the air flow.

To supply the soft pulp material to the mold, a binder can be used, for example, as a spray or foam.

This reduces the amount of water that is used in the manufacturing process for a conventional molded fiber (packaging) product.

In fact, in conventional molded pulp products, water is used as a carrier.

Eliminating the need for water as a conveyor significantly reduces the amount of water needed in the manufacturing process.

This results in a significant reduction in the energy required for drying the resulting products.

In addition, this significantly reduces the carbon footprint of the end products that are manufactured according to the method of the present invention.

By supplying the soft pulp material to a mold, a three-dimensional product can be manufactured.

To supply the laminated multilayer to the fluffy pulp, one or more of the aforementioned process steps or other process steps can be applied, including co-extrusion and lamination.

The air-laid processing step, preferably, also includes the so-called spun-laid processing.

In a currently preferred embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer is supplied to the mold in three-dimensional form.

This makes it possible to manufacture the product from a soft pulp material and laminated multilayer with a barrier material in a mold.

This improves the efficiency of the manufacturing process.

In addition, supplying the soft pulp material and barrier material in the same mold and performing a heat treatment and / or pressing / pressure improves the adhesion of the materials.

This provides additional strength and stability to the final product.

[021] In one of the currently preferred embodiments, the laminated multilayer with functional barrier layer is provided as an intermediate layer between two layers of soft or molded pulp material. In this embodiment, the barrier layer is a kind of encapsulation with the layers of soft or molded pulp material. Optionally, other layers are provided to further improve the properties and characteristics of the final product.

[022] In a currently preferred embodiment of the invention, the laminated multilayer with functional barrier layer is provided on one side of the product, that is, the food contact surface of the compartment. This can reduce the total wall thickness of the final product compared to an encapsulated barrier layer embodiment.

[023] Preferably, the material of the packaging unit is sufficiently refined to further improve the desired characteristics. In particular, the application of a refining energy of around 150 kWh / ton of material has shown a good effect. As an additional effect, an overall weight reduction of the packaging unit can be achieved by up to about 20% without affecting the strength and stability of the packaging unit compared to conventional products, such as CPET or PP trays or the like. Optionally, additional additives can be added to further improve the properties of the packaging unit. For example, an amount of AKD can be provided to improve water repellency.

[024] As an added advantage, the laminated multilayer packaging unit makes it possible to give the packaging unit a paper look and feel. This improves the consumer's perception of the packaging unit.

[025] An even greater advantage when applying a laminated multilayer is the insulating effect that is provided to the food packaging unit. This is especially relevant in the case of instant meals that are heated on a magnetron, for example, conventional packaging units heat up to a temperature of 90-100 ° C with the similar packaging unit that is provided with a laminated multilayer heating up to 50-70 ° C. This improves the safety of using these meals. Experiments showed that it was possible to achieve a temperature resistance of the packaging units up to 200 ° C and even 220 ° C. This improves the so-called “cool-to-touch” feature of the packaging unit. This prevents a consumer from being hurt when removing a packaging unit from the oven. More specifically, “cool-to-touch” refers to an external packaging temperature in the range of 10-30 ° C after heating the product in an oven, for example. This is a lower temperature compared to conventional CPET packaging units, for example. Therefore, the packaging unit according to the invention is safer in use.

[026] As another additional advantage, the laminated multilayer packaging unit maintains the biodegradability and / or compostability properties of the packaging unit, as it eliminates the need to use fluorochemicals, as is required in conventional packaging units, for example , in the production of disposable cutlery. The production of disposable cutlery is, for example, the production of disposable cutlery Chinet. Therefore, the packaging unit according to the present invention improves the sustainability of the handling of food products. In fact, this allows for the decomposition of the food packaging unit as a whole. In such a preferred embodiment, the food packaging unit can be decomposed at home, making the food packaging unit compostable at home. Such a compostable packaging unit at home further improves the overall sustainability of the packaging unit of the invention. This allows replacing the use of less sustainable materials, such as CPET, PP, PE, PS, aluminum in food packaging units.

[027] Another advantage of providing a packaging unit with the multilayer according to the present invention is the possibility of applying modified atmosphere conditions to the packaging unit. The barrier properties act preferentially in both directions, from the outside to the inside and from the inside to the outside. This allows so-called MAP products that can improve shelf life even further, for example.

[028] In a currently preferred embodiment, the laminated multilayer is a co-extruded laminated multilayer. Co-extrusion allows to build a layer comprising multiple sublayers by melting, extruding and joining the separate layers. In a currently preferred embodiment, the laminated multilayer is melted or melted with the compartment that receives and / or retains the food. Preferably, the laminated multilayer is provided on a food contact surface of the compartment to improve the shelf life of the food.

[029] In a currently preferred embodiment, the packaging unit comprises a layer of biodegradable aliphatic polyester on a food contact surface to improve the melting and / or melting of the laminated multilayer thereon. This provides a good connection between the compartment and the laminated multilayer and also maintains the compostability properties of the packaging unit according to the invention. In fact, this optional layer of biodegradable material acts as a binder for the connection between the laminated multilayer and the packaging unit. This also improves the strength and stability of the laminated multilayer and the packaging unit as a whole. The thickness of this thin layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 μm.

[030] Alternatively, or in addition to this, the laminated multilayer is melted and protrudes inward and / or is integrated into the molded or fluffy pulp material matrix. This provides the material matrix of the packaging unit with the desired properties.

[031] By providing a heating step, the melting and / or melting of the laminated multilayer to the biodegradable aliphatic polyester fibers in the molded or fluffy pulp material is further improved. In fact, the heating step improves the adhesion / connection of the laminated multilayer to the packaging unit. This heating step can be carried out in a press that pushes the laminated multilayer in the correct way on the food contact surface. Alternatively, in one of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention, the laminated multilayer is supplied within the mold in which the packaging unit is manufactured from the molded pulp material. The laminated multilayer is supplied in the mold in the packaging unit. The laminated multilayer food packaging unit can be dried in the mold involving the so-called in-mold drying operation or it can alternatively be dried in a separate additional drying step after the product release from the mold.

[032] In addition, or as an alternative, the spray coating can be applied to improve water and / or fat repellency. Preferably, an emulsion is spread on the packaging unit which creates a thin layer of film in the processing of the packaging unit.

[033] Optionally, the laminated multilayer is supplied by applying pre-tension on the laminated multilayer. In another embodiment, to reduce the risk of providing a laminated multilayer with reduced thickness at the corners of the packaging unit, the laminated multilayer is designed and molded to the desired dimensions and subsequently supplied to the packaging unit. This may involve cutting the laminated multilayer design and folding it over the food contact surface. Thereafter, in one of the currently preferred embodiments, the heating step is carried out to melt or melt the materials together.

[034] Many food packaging units are provided with a lid or seal or film to cover the compartment with the food product (s). Another problem with conventional food packaging units relates to such a top sealing film that needs to be disposed of separately from the other part (s) of the packaging unit. This requires attention when disposing of the packaging unit and / or increases the risk of mixed debris flows.

[035] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the packaging unit can comprise a biodegradable top sealing film. Providing such a biodegradable top sealing film provides a fully biodegradable and compostable packaging unit for food products. This increases the possibilities of disposing of the material, thus avoiding the risk of mixed debris flows. In addition, it reduces the amount of residual debris. This significantly improves the sustainability of the food packaging industry.

[036] Preferably, the packaging unit is provided with a circumferential edge comprising a connection surface for the upper sealing film that is substantially free of the laminated multilayer.

[037] Such an alternative connecting edge or surface allows the sealing film to adhere to the compartments of the packaging unit. In some embodiments, the packaging units are provided with a (transparent) seal, film, film, sheet or liner closing the opening of the packaging unit. In fact, this layer acts as a closure for the packaging unit. The use of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS and / or PLA in packaging units, contributes to the adherence of this closure to the packaging unit. In fact, biodegradable aliphatic polyester (in part) acts as an adhesive or glue.

[038] It has been demonstrated that this contributes to the detachment of the hot seal, that is, removing the transparent layer after the packaging unit is heated in a microwave, for example, and / or to the detachment of the cold seal, ie , remove the transparent layer when removing the packaging unit from the refrigerator and before heating, for example.

[039] Optionally, a thin layer of biodegradable aliphatic polyester is provided to adhere the transparent layer to the edge of the packaging unit. Preferably, the transparent layer is also compostable at home. In a currently preferred embodiment, the clear layer comprises an amount or mixture of PBS, PHBT and / or PLA. Optionally, a thin anti-fog layer is provided to improve the transparency of the layer. Also optionally, the transparent layer comprises an amount of PVOH to improve performance with respect to permeability to O2. This can be advantageously applied to packaging units for meat and meat products, for example.

[040] In a currently preferred embodiment of the invention, the top sealing film also comprises one or more biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. This can improve the adhesion of the sealing film superior to the laminated multilayer and / or to the molded or fluffy pulp material. Optionally, a separate adhesive layer is provided.

[041] In one of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the individual layers is within the range of 1.5-50 μm, preferably in the range of 1.5-30 μm and, where the total thickness of the laminated multilayer is at 20-150 μm range. These layers provide a laminated multilayer with an acceptable thickness and providing effective barrier properties, for example.

[042] In one of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention, the functional layer has a thickness in the range of 1.5-10 μm and is most preferably in the range of 3-5 μm. The intermediate layers have a thickness that is also preferably in the range of 1.5-10 μm and most preferably in the range 1.5-3 μm for an individual layer. The inner and outer covering layers have a thickness that is preferably in the range of 20-50 μm, more preferably in the range of 20-40 μm. It will be understood that different combinations of layers and thicknesses can be made. It is currently preferred to have a total thickness of the biodegradable multilayer in the range of 23-70 μm, more preferably in the range of 30-60 μm, even more preferably in the range of 30-50 μm and most preferably a thickness of about 40 μm.

[043] In other currently preferred embodiments, the functional layer has a thickness in the range of 1.5-10 μm and is most preferably in the range of 3-5 μm. The intermediate layers have a thickness that is also preferably in the range of 1.5-10 μm and most preferably in the range 1.5-3 μm for an individual layer. The inner and outer covering layers have a thickness that is preferably in the range of 20-50 μm, more preferably in the range of 30-40 μm. It will be understood that different combinations of layers and thicknesses can be made. It is currently preferred to have a total thickness of the biodegradable multilayer in the range of 70-100 μm, more preferably in the range of 70-90 μm and most preferably a thickness of about 80 μm. Experiments have shown an effective barrier, especially an oxygen barrier, having a lower weight that can be applied economically. In embodiments of packaging units with a top sealing film, this top sealing film is preferably supplied with a similar multilayer construction and a thickness in the range of 25-100 μm, more preferably in the range of 30-50 μm. The thickness of the intermediate and functional layers is preferably similar to the multilayer, while the inner and outer covering layers are provided with a reduced thickness. In a number of applications, the reduced thickness of the upper sealing film compared to the laminated multilayer is possible because the upper sealing film does not need to be stamped deeply in the manufacturing process.

[044] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester in the food packaging unit is in the range of 0.5-20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1-15% by weight.

[045] By applying an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester in one of the aforementioned ranges, the sustainability and packaging characteristics of the food packaging unit according to the present invention are significantly improved. The biodegradable aliphatic polyester is supplied in the laminated multilayer and / or in the molded or fluffy pulp material matrix and / or as a separate layer in the compartment.

[046] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester is in the range of 2-10% by weight, preferably in the range of 5-9% by weight and most preferably in the range of 6.5-8 % by weight.

[047] The application of a quantity of biodegradable aliphatic polyester in these bands provides packaging units that are stable and strong.

[048] Another advantage when using a biodegradable aliphatic polyester in a food packaging unit is the constant size or dimensional stability.

[049] As an additional advantage of using a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, the so-called heat sealing ability of the packaging unit is improved. This further improves the food packaging characteristics.

[050] As another added advantage of introducing a quantity of biodegradable aliphatic polyester into a food packaging unit is that the properties of the packaging unit can be adjusted by mixing or combining the main biodegradable aliphatic polyester with other polymers or agents. In addition, it is possible to prepare the biodegradable aliphatic polyester material for (paper) coating and printing. In addition, in some embodiments, digital printing can be applied to laminated trays to reduce the total cost of the packaging unit. This further improves the sustainability of the packaging unit. In addition, a paper appearance can be achieved.

[051] As mentioned earlier, the food packaging unit may comprise one or more additional agents, in addition to the use of biodegradable aliphatic polyester. This allows for a specific design of the characteristics and properties of the food packaging unit according to the specifications or needs of the customer, taking into account the specific food product.

[052] Preferably, the biodegradable aliphatic polyester comprises an amount of PBS, PHB, PHA, PCL, PLA, PGA, PHBH and PHBV. Preferably, the use of biodegradable aliphatic polyester is combined with the use of additives or additional substances that aim to improve or obtain specific properties of the packaging unit. In other currently preferred embodiments, the biopolymers that are applied originate from so-called non-GMO biopolymers (non-genetically modified organisms). For example, it has been shown that the use of PLA in addition to another biodegradable aliphatic polyester, can improve the strength and stability of the packaging unit, thereby providing a more resistant packaging unit and / or requiring less raw material.

[053] According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the biodegradable aliphatic polyester comprises an amount of PHBH. The experiments showed a better temperature behavior, improving the manufacturing possibilities, providing an acceptable behavior up to 200 ° C and even up to 220 ° C.

[054] According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the biodegradable aliphatic polyester comprises an amount of polybutylene succinate (PBS). PBS is one of the biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. PBS can also be referred to as polytetramethylene succinate. PBS decomposes naturally in water, CO2 and biomass. The use of PBS as a compostable material contributes to providing a sustainable product.

[055] The use of PBS is possible in food contact applications, including food packaging units from a molded pulp material. An advantage of using PBS is that the rate of decomposition of PBS is much higher compared to other agents or components, such as PLA (including variations of it, such as PLLA, PDLA and PLDLLA, for example).

[056] Therefore, the use of PBS in a food packaging unit from molded pulp significantly improves the sustainability of the packaging unit. This improves the possibilities for recycling and biodegradation or decomposition of the packaging unit. For example, the use of PBS in cover seals can eliminate the need for non-compostable PE as an inner liner.

[057] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the laminated multilayer comprises a coloring agent.

[058] By providing a coloring agent, the visual appearance of the packaging unit of the invention can be improved. In addition, this can be used to provide the consumer with additional information. For example, Indian meals may be provided in a red colored packaging unit and Italian food may be provided in a green colored packaging unit. It will be understood that these examples can be extended to other exchanges of information with a consumer.

[059] Preferably, the coloring agent is biodegradable and most preferably compostable. This keeps the packaging unit as a whole from being biodegradable or even compostable.

[060] Optionally, in addition or as an alternative, a coloring agent is added to the molded or fluffy pulp, preferably a soluble dye. These agents can be cationic or anionic and are in another classification also called basic dyes, direct dyes or acid dyes. In a currently preferred embodiment, cationic staining agents are used. Optionally, the molded or fluffy pulp material can be colored using additives, dyes (basic dyes, direct dyes, anionic and / or cationic charged dyes), pigments or other components that provide color to the packaging unit. This allows the packaging unit to be provided with a representative color for its (desired) content.

[061] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the laminated multilayer comprises a print. When providing a laminated multilayer with an impression, the possibilities of providing the consumer with additional information or extended printing.

[062] In a currently preferred embodiment, an impression is provided on the oriented side of the laminated multilayer pulp material in a mirror image so that the impression can be seen from the (other) side of the laminated multilayer food. This reduces the risk of printing ink coming into contact with food.

[063] The food packaging unit according to the invention is biodegradable as a whole. More preferably, the unit is biodegradable at a temperature in the range of 5 to 60 ° C, preferably in the range of 5-40 ° C, more preferably in the range of 10-30 ° C, even more preferably in the range of 15-25 ° C C and most preferably at a temperature of about 20 ° C. This makes decomposition of the packaging unit easier. In addition, this allows the so-called decomposition environment or at home of the packaging unit according to the invention. For example, the packaging unit according to the invention can be compostable industrially and / or at home according to EN 13432.

[064] Tests with a packaging unit in one embodiment of the invention showed domestic compostability in which the packaging unit decomposed within 24 weeks according to the accepted practical standard.

[065] Optionally, biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS, can be manufactured from fossil resources. Most preferably, biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS, is bio-based and made from plant resources, for example. Such a bio-based biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS, further improves the sustainability of the food packaging unit.

[066] In another embodiment of the present invention, the packaging unit further comprises an amount of natural and / or alternative fibers.

[067] Providing an amount of natural and / or alternative fibers gives the packaging unit a natural feel and / or improves the overall strength and stability of the packaging unit. Such natural / alternative fibers may comprise fibers of different origin, specifically biomass fibers of vegetable origin. This biomass of plant origin may involve plants of the order of Poales, including grass, sugar cane, bamboo and cereals, including barley and rice. Other examples of biomass of plant origin are plants of the order Solanales, including the tomato whose leaves and / or stems could be used, for example, plants of the order Arecales, including plants with palm oil from which the leaves can be used, for example , plants of the order Malpighiales, including flax, plants of the order Rosales, including hemp and ramie, plants of the order Malvales, including cotton, hibiscus and jute. Alternatively, or in addition, biomass of plant origin involves so-called herbaceous plants, including, in addition to grass-type plants and some of the aforementioned plants, also jute, Musa, including bananas, Amarantha, hemp, cannabis, etc. in addition, or as an alternative, the source of the biomass material from peat and / or moss can be applied.

[068] Preferably, biomass (lignocellulosic) of plant origin comprises biomass originating from plants of the Poaceae family (which is also referred to as Gramineae). This family includes grass-like plants, including grass and barley, corn, rice, wheat, oats, rye, reed grass, bamboo, sugar cane (whose residue from sugar processing can be used, which is also called bagasse), maize, sorghum, rapeseed, other cereals, etc. In particular, the use of so-called natural grass provides good results in the manufacture of packaging units, such as egg packaging. Such natural grass can originate from a natural landscape, for example. This family of plants has shown good possibilities of manufacture in combination with the supply of a sustainable product to the consumer.

[069] Preferably, in one embodiment of the invention, the packaging unit comprises an amount of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), sometimes also referred to as nanofibrillary cellulose or cellulose nanofibers. MFC preferably originates from cellulosic raw material of plant origin. The use of MFC increases the strength of the fiber-to-fiber bond and further improves the reinforcement effect. Although MFC is preferably applied in combination with one or more of the biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, it is also possible to use MFC as an alternative to these components.

[070] In one embodiment of the invention, biopolymers and / or MFCs provide a biofilm on or on (a part of) the surface of the packaging unit. Experiments indicate that good barrier properties can be obtained. Alternatively, or in addition to this, a paper-like and / or paper-like surface layer may be provided. For example, a layer of paper can be sealed in a thin layer of (bio) film or a thin layer of biofilm or biopolymer can be coated or laminated to the paper layer. The biopolymer layer can be sealed on the surface of a food tray or container, for example. Such a paper-like and / or paper-like surface layer contributes to the consumer's appreciation of the packaging unit according to such an embodiment of the invention. The tests showed good resistance to moisture and barrier properties. Barrier properties can include barriers to oxygen and / or fat. The oxygen barrier properties are believed to be obtained by the MFC's ability to form a dense network involving hydrogen bonds.

[071] Optionally, some hydrophobic elements are added to an MFC layer to further improve the water barrier properties. This may involve modifying the hydroxyl groups, for example, on the surface of the microfibrils chemically and / or by absorbing polymers, for example.

[072] Another advantage of using MFC is the improved printing capability, including digital printing possibilities. In addition or as an alternative, MFC can reduce the cost by reducing weight or grammage, increasing the amount of fillers. This can also improve the optical properties.

[073] It will be understood that combinations of MFC and / or biodegradable aliphatic polyesters can further improve the mentioned effects and advantages. Also, combinations with conventional polymer films, for example, coating MFC and / or a biodegradable aliphatic polyester therein, can provide a product with the advantages of both types of material.

[074] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a food packaging unit from a molded pulp material, the method comprising the steps of: - preparing an amount of molded or fluffy pulp material; - providing a laminated multilayer comprising: - an inner covering layer comprising an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester; - a first intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; - a functional layer comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer; - a second intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; and - an outer covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, - fabricating the food packaging unit with the laminated multilayer to provide a food packaging unit which is a compostable food packaging unit.

[075] Such a method provides the same effects and advantages described in relation to the food packaging unit. According to the invention, the laminated multilayer can be supplied before or after releasing the food packaging unit from the mold. In a currently preferred embodiment, the laminated multilayer is co-extruded with the molded pulp material and subsequently stamped deeply into the desired shape of the packaging unit. In another currently preferred embodiment, the layer is provided in a mold operation, preferably in combination with a mold drying operation.

[076] In another preferred embodiment, the method comprises the additional step of subjecting the packaging unit to a heating step, heating the packaging unit to a temperature close to the melting temperature of the biodegradable aliphatic polyester to interconnect / interact with the multilayer laminated to increase strength and improve barrier properties. Preferably, the heating step, heats the temperature of the packaging unit to a heating temperature in the range of 145-195 ° C, preferably in the range of 165-190 ° C and most preferably to a temperature of about 180 ° C .

[077] In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the manufacture comprises the step of refining at least a part of the fibers of the molded or fluffy pulp material. It has been shown that a greater degree of refinement results in more numerous and / or stronger bonds between the fibers. This increases the strength of the packaging unit and / or reduces its weight. Preferably, the refinement of the molded or fluffy pulp material is carried out together with the biodegradable aliphatic polyester. The refinement step improves the mixing of materials and fibrils the fibers. Refining the fibers can reduce the length of the fiber, fibrillating the fibers, thus providing a more specific surface of fiber branches that improves the bonding and formation of H bridges, which leads to a stronger and more rigid product. In fact, this improves the number and strength of the connections between the molded or fluffy pulp material and the biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such that the overall strength and stability of the packaging unit is improved. This is further improved by combining the refinement step with the heat treatment step to activate the biodegradable aliphatic polyester.

[078] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the packaging unit can be negatively charged, for example, during or after the refinement step. To increase the adhesion of the laminated multilayer and / or top sealing film, an ionization step can be performed to remove or at least reduce the negative charge.

[079] By adding an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester to the molded or fluffy pulp material, a packaging unit can be manufactured from a combination comprising fibers and biodegradable aliphatic polyester and / or a separate layer comprising biodegradable aliphatic polyester, obtained. Such a separate or additional layer can improve the melting or melting process.

[080] The method, according to the invention, provides a food packaging unit that is more sustainable than conventional packaging units that are shaped for food products. Optionally, another biomaterial can be used in combination with the main biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as starch and other polyesters, such as PBS, PLA or similar biodegradable components. Such combinations or alternatives can provide effects and advantages similar to those described in relation to the packaging unit.

[081] Preferably, in the molding step of the food packaging unit, the biodegradable aliphatic polyester connects to the celluloid fibers of the molded pulp material. This provides a food packaging unit with sufficient strength. In a currently preferred embodiment, these connections are achieved by activating biodegradable aliphatic polyester. This may involve subjecting the packaging unit to about the melting temperature of the biodegradable aliphatic polyester, for example, 145-175 ° C. More specifically, biopolymers melt and interconnect / interact with the laminated multilayer to increase strength and change properties such as barrier properties.

[082] In some of the currently preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the step of providing a top sealing film, preferably a biodegradable and / or compostable top sealing film.

[083] In one of the currently preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the step of performing (dry) sterilization and pasteurization in the (filled) packaging units. Especially, in combination with the barrier properties of (O2) of the laminated multilayer (and top sealing film), the shelf life of the food product is significantly improved. In addition, the O2 barrier prevents or at least reduces the oxidation processes in food and thus contributes to the maintenance of the taste of the food.

[084] In the life cycle of the packaging unit, in the context of the present invention, the manufacturing process of the food packaging unit, preferably, also comprises the biodegradation step of the packaging unit. Therefore, in relation to the present invention, preferably, the biodegradation of the packaging unit is also considered part of the entire manufacturing process. Biodegradation forms a significant part of the life cycle, with a view to sustainability.

[085] Preferably, biodegradation comprises the decomposition of the food packaging unit.

[086] Even more preferably, the decomposition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5-40 ° C, preferably in the range of 10-30 ° C, more preferably in the range of 15-25 ° C and most preferably at a temperature of about 20 ° C, thus related to ambient decomposition.

[087] In currently preferred embodiments, the biopolymers that are applied originate from so-called non-GMO biopolymers (non-genetically modified organisms).

[088] In some of the preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of refining fibers for the molded or fluffy pulp material and / or adding a quantity of natural fibers. This provides the same or similar effects and advantages as described in relation to the packaging unit.

[089] Other advantages, characteristics and details of the invention are elucidated on the basis of preferred embodiments thereof, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figures 1A and 1B show a packaging unit configured to receive a food product according to the present invention; Figures 1C and 1D show an alternative packaging unit according to the present invention; - Figure 1E shows a detail of the laminated multilayer;

- Figure 2 shows a plate as a product for receiving food according to the invention; Figures 3A and 3B show a packaging unit according to the invention comprising PBS and / or another biodegradable aliphatic polyester; - Figure 4 shows an example of an alternative food packaging product according to the present invention; - Figure 5 shows more packaging units for a bottle divider according to the present invention; and - Figures 6A and 6B show other packaging units according to the invention; Figures 7A and 7B show an egg packaging unit according to the invention; and - Figure 8 shows experimental results with conventional packaging units and packaging units according to the present invention.

[090] The packaging unit 2 (Figure 1A) refers to a container for receiving food, with the lower part 4 and the side walls 6 defining the opening 8. Inside the container 2, the laminated multilayer 10 is provided comprising a compostable vinyl alcohol polymer. In the illustrated embodiment, layer 10 comprises printing 12. Preferably, in the illustrated embodiment, printing is provided on the back of the laminated multilayer 10.

[091] In the illustrated embodiment, container 2 is provided with detachable top sealing film 13a (Figure 1A) is provided. The edge 13b is shown as detached from the edge 13c of the container 2. In this embodiment, the top sealing film 13a is shown as a transparent film. It will be understood that the film 13a can also be supplied as non-transparent or, alternatively, as semi-transparent and / or partially transparent. Alternatively, container 2 can also be supplied without the top sealing film 13a.

[092] In an illustrated embodiment, the laminated multilayer 10 (Figure 1B) comprises a food-oriented side 14 and a packaging side 16. In the parts

18 of the illustrated embodiment, can be removed or cut from the sheet or layer 10 to size the laminated multilayer 10 according to the specifications and allow the supply of layer 10 inside the container 2. This allows the positioning of the laminated multilayer 10 correctly in relation to at the corners 20. In this impression 12 of the illustrated embodiment, it is provided in a mirror image on the side of the laminated multilayer package 16 to make the rendered impression 12 visible to a user or consumer.

[093] The packaging unit 22 (Figure 1C) provides an additional embodiment of a food receiving container having the bottom 24 and the side walls 26, defining the opening 28. The packaging unit 22 has length L, width W and height H. The laminated multilayer 30 is provided inside the container 22, optionally comprising a print. In the illustrated embodiment, the laminated multilayer 30 is provided inside the packaging unit 22 and extends from the bottom 24 to the contour or edge 32. The contour or edge 32 is provided a short distance from the top of the edge 34. This The distance is preferably in the range of 1 to 12 mm. The edge 34 (Figure 1D) is provided with width W1, which defines the contact surface 36 to connect to the liner or seal 33, which is schematically illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, this coating or seal 33 is connected directly to the molded pulp material, optionally with an adhesive, instead of being connected to the laminated multilayer

30. Such an adhesive preferably comprises a quantity of biodegradable polyester, for example, PLA. The width W1 is in the embodiment illustrated in the range of 1 to 15 mm, preferably in the range of 2 to 5 mm.

[094] The packaging unit 22 (Figure 1C) comprises the first of the disheveled elements 38 and the second of the disheveled elements 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the disheveled elements 38, 40 allow for the disengagement of a stack of packaging units 22. The spaced elements 38, 40 are designed asymmetrically. It will be understood that alternative disarmed elements can also be provided according to the present invention as alternatives or in combination. These alternative disheveled elements can be designed asymmetrically or symmetrically. The asymmetrical disheveled elements allow for disengagement with packaging units 22 in one orientation and prevent or, at least, make it difficult for disengagement in another orientation. The disentangled elements 38, 40 have the additional advantage that these elements do not significantly change the size of the contact surface 36 and / or the internal volume of the packaging unit 22. In the illustrated embodiment, disentangled elements 38, 40 are provided on the edge 34 or adjacent to it. This prevents the provision of marks, edges, protrusions, notches and the like at the bottom 24 or close to it. Such irregularities in the lower part 24 or close to it make it difficult to clean or empty the packaging unit 22. In the illustrated embodiment, an optional upper sealing film 42 is provided.

[095] The laminated multilayer 10 (Figure 1E) comprises the first cover layer 10a, the first intermediate layer 10b, the central functional layer 10c, the second intermediate layer 10d and the second cover layer 10e. It will be understood that other layers can be added to the multilayer 10. It will be understood that the laminated multilayer 10 can be applied to the container 2 and also to the packaging unit 22 and, more specifically, to the food contact surfaces of the lower part 24 and side walls. 26 of the same.

[096] In another embodiment, plate 50 (Figure 2) is on the food receiving side provided with laminated multilayer 52. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom or back side 54 of plate 50 is not provided with such laminated multilayer. Optionally, the plate 50 is provided with the top sealing film 56, for example, in the case of plate 50 retaining a salad or soup. It will be understood that other food products can also be kept by the dish 50. The multilayer 52 is preferably similar to the multilayer 10 which has already been illustrated.

[097] The packing unit 102 (Figures 3A and B) carries or holds eggs and comprises the covering part 104 and the bottom part 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the packing unit 102 comprises the laminated multilayer 101. The multilayer 101 it is preferably similar to the multilayer 10 that has already been illustrated. The bottom part 106 is provided with the rear surface 108, the sides 110 and the front surface 112 and the bottom surface 114. The cover part 104 is provided with the rear surface 116, the side surfaces 118, the front surface 120 and the upper surface 122. In the illustrated embodiment, transition 124 is provided between the upper surface 122 and the rear and front surfaces 116, 120.

[098] In the illustrated embodiment, the upper surface 122 of the covering part 104 is provided with a groove 126 comprising a series of openings 128. The openings 128 are defined by two adjacent arc-shaped edges 130, 132, having a greater thickness compared to the average thickness of the covering part 104.

[099] The side surfaces 118 of the cover part 104 are provided with a neat fit or untidy elements 134. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower part 106 is provided with similar elements 136 mirroring untidy elements 134. The hinge 138 connects to the rear surface 116 of the cover part 104 with rear surface 108 of the bottom 106. The latch 140 comprises the nose-shaped locking element 142, which is connected to the flap 144 of the bottom part 106. The cover part 104 is provided with openings 146 that capture the locking elements 142 defining the lock 140.

[100] In the illustrated embodiment, bottom 106 is provided with a series of product receiving compartments 148, cones 150 and partition walls

152. The cone 150 extends from the bottom of the bottom 106 in an upward direction. The cover portion 104 comprises the cone support 154. The inner surface 158 of the packaging unit 102 comprises the PBS and / or PLA material, optionally as a film layer or alternatively combined and / or integrated with the fibers of the molded pulp material .

[101] In the illustrated embodiment, packaging unit 102 comprises twelve product receiving compartments 48 which are provided in two lines of six compartments 148. Individual compartments 48 are separated from each other by walls 152 and cones 150. It will be understood that other configurations can also be provided according to the invention.

[102] Packing unit 102 can also be configured to receive other products, such as tomatoes, kiwis.

[103] It will be understood that other types of food packaging units can also be envisaged in accordance with the present invention.

[104] The packaging unit 202 (Figure 4) comprises the laminated multilayer 201 which is provided in the bottom part 204 and in the cover part 206. The multilayer 201 is preferably similar to the multilayer 10 which has already been illustrated. Unit 202 is supplied with biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS and / or PLA, and is capable of holding an amount of ice cream. Covering part 206 comprises the top seal 208 of a layer or film 210 of biodegradable aliphatic polyester (s), where an optionally label (paper) is provided. Optionally, fibers 212 are included in cover part 206. This improves the chances of giving the unit a natural paper feel and / or appearance. This can also be applied to other types of packaging units. For example, in instant or ready-to-eat meals, such that conventional mangoes can be omitted from packaging units. This allows for a more economical packaging unit with possible weight reduction.

[105] Packaging unit 202 has numerous applications, including, but not limited to, airplane meals. These meals are supplied to the plane after sterilization (dry) and pasteurization. In combination with the (O2) barrier properties of the laminated multilayer (and top sealing film) the shelf life of the food product is significantly improved. In addition, the O2 barrier prevents or at least reduces the oxidation processes in food and thus contributes to maintaining the flavor of the food.

[106] As an additional example, the bottle divider 302 (Figure 5) is illustrated with laminated multilayer 301. The multilayer 301 is preferably similar to the multilayer 10 that has already been illustrated. In addition, bottle divider 102 may comprise an additional layer of PBS film (and / or suitable alternative biodegradable aliphatic polyester) and / or may comprise an amount of PBS that is combined in the molded pulp.

[107] Another example according to the present invention, is the lid 402, for example, for an ice cup (Figure 6A) that is supplied with laminated multilayer 401. Another example of packaging unit according to the invention is the sip cap 502 (Figure 6B) which is provided with laminated multilayer 501. The multilayer 401, 501 are preferably similar to the multilayer 10 which has already been illustrated. Cap 402 and sip cap 502 comprise an additional layer of biodegradable aliphatic polyester film and / or may comprise an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester which is combined in the molded pulp. This makes the cap 402 and the cap 502 repellent to water or liquid and / or improves the heating step to melt or melt the multilayers 401, 501 on or to the cap 402 and / or cap 502. One of the other advantages of using biodegradable aliphatic polyester is the reduction or prevention of the entry or migration of the liquid into the sip cap material during use. Another advantage is the constancy of size or dimensional stability. In this specific case, this prevents the sip cap 502 from being released from a cup or cup for hot drinks, such as coffee, tea or soup, or cold drinks, such as carbonated drinks, and the cup 402 from being released from a cup ice, for example. It will be understood that such lids 502 can also be applied to other food containers. For example, caps 502 can be applied to containers for milkshakes, for example. More details and examples of caps 502 are disclosed in WO 2010/064899, including embodiments with specific flanges and notches.

[108] The sip cap 502 is preferably coated with a biodegradable aliphatic polyester coating, such as a PBS coating, in addition to laminated multilayer 501 to improve the melting properties. As mentioned, 502 sip caps can be used for cups and milkshakes. Also, sip lids can be applied to so-called ready-to-eat trays (for example, pizza, wraps, fish, meat, lobster, pasta, ...) and act as a printable (digital) seal and barrier, for example.

[109] It will be understood that other designs for packaging units according to the invention can be envisaged. For example, containers 602, 702 (Figures 7A and B) illustrate different designs for egg cartons capable of holding P eggs and comprise laminated multilayers 601, 701. The multilayers 601, 701 are preferably similar to the multilayer 10 that has already been illustrated.

[110] Other examples of food packaging products may be related to cup holders, cups, plates and other tableware, etc.

[111] In the manufacture of a food packaging unit 2, 50, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602 a molded pulp material is prepared. Optionally, an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS and / or PHBH, is combined or mixed into the molded pulp material and / or an amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as PBS and / or PHBH, is included in a separate layer which is supplied in or on units 2, 50, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602. Such a separate layer can improve contact with laminated multilayers 10, 52, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601 , optionally comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer, such as HAVOH and / or BVOH. Preferably, the laminated multilayer is co-extruded with the deeply molded and stamped pulp material. In addition, or as an alternative, the raw unit is shaped. Optionally, the raw unit is dried in the mold by applying a mold drying process. In this alternative embodiment, laminated multilayers 10, 52, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601 are provided in the mold and a heating step is performed. Optionally, an additional layer of biodegradable aliphatic polyester is provided to improve the contact between the packaging unit and the laminated multilayer. Finally, the product is released from the mold.

[112] Various post-design or post-molding operations can be performed optionally in relation to units 2, 50, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602 optionally including, but not limited to, labeling including in-mold labeling, marking including printing and digital printing, testing. In several of the preferred embodiments, the compostable laminated multilayers 10, 52, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601 are at least arranged in the food contact area of the product containing part of the packaging unit. In preferred embodiments, this film is capable of being used in a microwave or oven and is called an oven-baked film. Preferably, layers 10, 52, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601 are capable of withstanding temperatures up to 170 ° C, 190 ° C or even more. The biodegradable aliphatic polyester preferably comprises an amount of PBS and / or MFC and / or biodegradable aliphatic polyester which can comprise an amount of one or more of PHB, PHA, PCL, PLA, PGA, PHBH and PHBV. Especially a combination of a compostable packaging unit involving extrusion and / or mold drying further improves sustainability compared to conventional packaging units. The (digital) printing properties allow the printing of packaging and / or food characteristics / information. This can prevent the use of separate sleeves, for example. In addition, it allows the application of prints, for example, a fish & chips (newspaper) print on the packaging unit.

[113] Experiments were performed with one or more of the illustrated food packaging units that were supplied with laminated multilayers 10, 52, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601. These experiments involved comparing the characteristics "in use" of food packaging units when compared to conventional packaging units and also the compostability characteristics. An amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester was added to the molded pulp material and a refinement step was performed. The measurements were made at a temperature of about 23 ° C and a relative humidity of about 50%. The measurements involved a compression test. This showed a significant improvement in the compression value. For example, a packaging unit with 7.5% PLA and a refinement step showed a compression value of 450-500 N, while for a similar conventional product under the same conditions this value is about 180 N. Even in a sub-optimal RH condition of about 90% of the compression value for the packaging unit according to the invention was about 250-270 N, thus still surpassing the conventional product in its optimum conditions.

[114] In another test, the multilayer was applied to the food packaging unit and for 24 hours exposed to 23 ° C and a relative humidity of about 50%. No oxygen penetration was detected.

[115] Other tests were carried out to show the double oven performance (oven and microwave) of the packaging unit according to the invention. In the experiments, the laminated product was heated to a temperature of about 190 ° C for about 30 minutes. The results show that the film layer remains intact and does not melt. No leak was detected. In addition, the strength and stability of the packaging unit has not been significantly affected. As an additional effect, the packaging unit was more stable, in view of the twist when removing the packaging unit from the oven, as is often the case with conventional packaging units. In addition, the packaging unit of the invention showed a limited temperature increase to about 50-70 ° C, while conventional units reached a temperature of about 90-100 ° C under similar conditions. Other experiments with a (food) tray show an even improved heat resistance when heating the tray to a temperature of 180-200 ° C and, in addition, show (a better) resistance / repellency to oil, acid and moisture.

[116] Further tests were carried out to show the performance of the packaging unit according to the invention, by heating the packaging unit in an oven and / or microwave. In the experiments, the laminated product, comprising a laminated layer with a total thickness of about 40 μm, was heated to a temperature of about 180 ° C for about 35 minutes. The results show that the film layer remains intact and does not melt. No leak was detected. In addition, the strength and stability of the packaging unit were not significantly affected. As an additional effect, the packaging unit was more stable, in view of the twist when removing the packaging unit from the oven, as is often the case with conventional packaging units. The leakage of the film layer was tested using food simulators, such as 95% ethanol, modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO), 2,2,4 trimethylpentane and the like. Thus, this test showed a safe use of the laminated product as packaging, for example, food packaging.

[117] Additional tests compared the temperature outside the product packaging after cooking (“cool-to-touch”) with different types of meals by heating both in the microwave and in the oven between a conventional packaging unit of the CPET (Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate) and a packaging unit that is about 100% biodegradable and made of molded fiber. Cooking instructions for ready meals were: - Microwave: 5 minutes at 700 watts; - Oven: 30 minutes at 180 ° C (heated air).

[118] For measurements, an IR (infrared) thermometer was used to observe the temperature outside different parts of each tray / packaging unit.

[119] The temperature of the food tray was measured regularly, starting directly after being removed from the oven / microwave. The results for the temperatures at the top of the trays are shown in Figure 8 and are representative for the entire packaging units.

[120] The results clearly show a substantial temperature difference in the range of 10-15 ° C, showing that the packaging unit according to the invention is cooler when touched by a user. Food temperatures are similar in both packaging units throughout the period. During the experiments, it was observed that the CPET trays became "shaky" / unstable after heating. In addition, the biodegradable packaging unit weighs about 10% less compared to the CPET tray, while outperforming this CPET tray.

[121] In even more tests, other characteristics were examined. It has been shown that the cleaning capacity of the packaging unit could be improved. Further improvements were shown by the addition of other additives.

[122] Also, shelf-time tests were performed. In these tests, a packaging unit with a laminated multilayer and top sealing film according to the invention is compared with a conventional packaging unit for fresh meals. The tests revealed a significant increase in shelf life from about 8 days to 12 days. The present invention is in no way limited to the preferred embodiments described above.

The rights sought are defined by the following claims, within which many modifications can be envisaged.

Claims (27)

CLAIMS 1) Food packaging unit characterized by the fact that from a molded or fluffy pulp material, the packaging unit comprising a food receiving and / or transport compartment comprising a biodegradable laminated multilayer, with the multilayer comprising : - an inner covering layer comprising a quantity of biodegradable aliphatic polyester; - a first intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; - a functional layer comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer; - a second intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; and - an outer covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, and wherein the food packaging unit is a compostable food packaging unit. 2) Food packaging unit, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the laminated multilayer is a co-extruded laminated multilayer. 3) Food packaging unit, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the laminated multilayer is melted or melted with the compartment. 4) Food packaging unit, according to 044, of 18/01/2021, p. 42/65 claim 3, characterized by the fact that the packaging unit comprises a layer of biodegradable aliphatic polyester on a food contact surface to improve the melting or melting of the laminated multilayer thereon. 5) Food packaging unit, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the laminated multilayer is melted in the matrix of molded or fluffy pulp material. 6) Food packaging unit, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a biodegradable upper sealing film to cover the food receiving or transport compartment. 7) Food packaging unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the packaging unit comprises a circumferential edge comprising a connection surface for the upper sealing film that is substantially free of the laminated multilayer. 8) Food packaging unit according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the upper sealing film comprises a biodegradable aliphatic polyester. 9) Food packaging unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the thickness of the individual layers is within the range of 5-50 μm, preferably in the range of 5-30 μm and in which the total thickness of the laminated multilayer is in the range of 20-150 μm. 044, of 18/01/2021, p. 43/65 10) The food packaging unit, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester in the food packaging unit is in the range of 0.5-20% by weight, more preferably in the range 1-15% by weight. 11) The food packaging unit, according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester in the food packaging unit is in the range of 2-10% by weight, preferably in the range of 5- 9% by weight and most preferably in the range of 6.5-8% by weight. 12) The food packaging unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the biodegradable aliphatic polyester comprises an amount of one or more of PBS, PHB, PHA, PCL, PLA, PGA, PHBH and PHBV. 13) Food packaging unit according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the biodegradable aliphatic polyester comprises an amount of PHBH. 14) Food packaging unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the laminated multilayer comprises a coloring agent that is biodegradable and most preferably compostable. 15) Food packaging unit, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the unit is biodegradable at a temperature in the range of 5 to 60 ° C, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 ° C, more preferably in the range from 10 to 30 ° C, still 044, from 18/01/2021, p. 44/65 most preferably in the range of 15 to 25 ° C and most preferably at a temperature of about 20 ° C. 16) Food packaging unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the biodegradable aliphatic polyester is bio-based. 17) Food packaging unit, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a quantity of natural and / or alternative fibers. 18) Method for the manufacture of a food packaging unit characterized by the fact that from a molded or fluffy pulp material, according to one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of: - preparing a quantity of material molded or fluffy pulp; - providing a laminated multilayer comprises: - an inner covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester; - a first intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; - a functional layer comprising a vinyl alcohol polymer; - a second intermediate layer of a biodegradable material for connecting and / or sealing adjacent layers; and - an outer covering layer comprising a quantity of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, - fabricating the food packaging unit with the laminated multilayer to provide a food packaging unit 044, from 18/01/2021, p. 45/65 which is a compostable food packaging unit. 19) Method, according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the supply of the laminated multilayer comprises the co-extrusion step of the layers. 20) Method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized by the fact that the laminated multilayer is melted or melted with the compartment. 21) Method according to claim 18, 19 or 20, characterized by the fact that it further comprises the step of providing a biodegradable upper sealing film. 22) Method, according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized by the fact that it also comprises the stage of performing sterilization (dry) and pasteurization of the packaging units. 23) Method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized by the fact that it further comprises the step of biodegrading the packaging unit. 24) Method according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that biodegradation comprises the decomposition of the food packaging unit. 25) Method according to claim 24, characterized by the fact that the decomposition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 to 40 ° C, preferably in the range of 10 to 30 ° C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 25 ° C and most preferably at a temperature of about 044, from 18/01/2021, p. 46/65 of 20 ° C. 26) Method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, characterized by the fact that it further comprises the step of refining fibers for the molded or fluffy pulp material. 27) Method according to any one of claims 18 to 26, characterized by the fact that it further comprises the step of adding a quantity of natural fibers. 044, of 18/01/2021, p. 47/65