BR112019001891B1 - COLD FUSION CONCRETE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cold melt concrete formulation including a mixture of water, silicon-based mineral aggregates acting as a filler material; sodium or potassium metasilicate/pentahydrate acting as an activator; steelmaking waste including Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag acting as a cementitious ingredient; high-calcium or low-calcium tailings from coal combustion (fly ash or bottom ash) acting as a cementitious ingredient; sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid or boric acid acting as setting time delays; reinforcing agents including calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium or aluminum hydroxides; attapulgite, kaolin, red or other fine-grained clay containing high aluminum silicate content for increased silicon and aluminosilicate concentration and associated strength; a protein or synthetic protein material to form a weak covalent bond with the hydroxides and silicates for the purpose of maintaining a consistent volume during the curing process; and a pollinated fern oil to reduce the water content of the mixture and decrease viscosity.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDER

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 15/228,781, filed August 4, 2016, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to concrete materials, and methods for creating concrete materials, which do not require heat or other special curing processes to produce various construction materials. More particularly, the invention relates to products, and methods for producing them, that significantly reduce the generation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases during production, unlike Portland Cement and typical Geopolymer cements. More particularly, the present invention relates to cold melt concretes and cements that do not use any liquid or dry hydroxide additives as a main activator or pH elevator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Cements and concrete formulations used by various industries, such as the construction industry, generally require the use of significant amounts of energy for their manufacture. The purpose of the present invention is to provide materials, and methods for creating materials, that do not require heat or other special curing processes for their production. Unlike typical Portland cement and geopolymer cements, the cold melt concrete and cement formulations of the present invention significantly reduce the generation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases during production. Yet another advantage of the invention is that it utilizes basic processes and materials that can be incorporated into existing production facilities and methodologies. An additional purpose is to increase product quality by reducing damage to constructed items from, for example, exposure to adverse weather conditions (such as extreme or variable weather), extreme heat, damaging chemical agents such as chlorides, sulfates, acids or similar.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

[0004] U.S. Published Patent Application 2015/0122154, published May 7, 2015 to Diaz-Loya et al., teaches a pozzolanic cement composition and method for its manufacture. These cement compositions may include a pozzolanic material and an activator based on a salt of glycolic acid, glyceric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or butyric acid. , a retardant based on heptogluconates, sulfate salts, sugars, sugar acids, lignins and/or an accelerator based on amines.

[0005] U.S. Published Patent Application 2014/0264140, published September 18, 2014, to Gong et al., relates to a composite binder that contains one or more Class F fly ash materials, one or more gelling agent and one or more hardening enhancers, where each of the one or more Class F fly ash materials comprises 15% by weight or less of calcium oxide, and where the composite binder is a Portland cement free binder for concrete.

[0006] Published International Patent Application WO 2015199291A1 discloses carbon dioxide reduction type concrete composition containing fly ash and blast furnace slag.

[0007] U.S. Published Patent Application 2014/0360721, published December 11, 2014 to Getzlaf et al., teaches a cement composition comprising industrial waste containing calcium oxide and a retardant. The cement composition is free of Portland cement. The composition also includes an alkali metal oxide, a hydrocarboxylic acid and a sulfate compound.

[0008] U.S. Published Patent Application 2014/0251186, published on September 11, 2014, for Cross, refers to a cement or cement mixture that includes fly ash, zinc oxide and borate. A borate compound is used as a hardening retardant.

[0009] U.S. Published Patent Application 2014/0047999, published on February 20, 2014, for Razl, refers to a process for the production of acid-resistant and high-temperature resistant cement composites, where the matrix is fly ash F activated by alkali alone. F fly ash combined with ground slag or ground slag alone. F fly ash produces lower quality alkali activated cement systems.

[00010] U.S. Patent 8,202,362, issued on June 19, 2012, to Davidovits et al., discloses a geopolymeric cement based on class F aluminosilicate fly ash and blast furnace slag.

[00011] U.S. Published Patent Application 2015/0321954, published November 12, 2015, to Chalmers et al., discloses a geopolymer cement containing fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag. The application particularly states that "the at least one silicoaluminate material may comprise any one or a combination of fly ash, pitchstone volcanic rock, blast furnace slag, ground glass or zeolite. Preferably, the at least one silicoaluminate material comprises fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag.

[00012] U.S. Published Patent Application 2015/0107491, published April 23, 2015, to Ball et al., discloses a cementitious binder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverized fuel ash. The Application Summary particularly discloses "A cementitious binder comprising at least 90% by weight of a hydraulically active material comprising ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and/or pulverized fuel ash (PFA), and at least 0.1 % by weight of CaO in an activator composition for the hydraulically active material. The cementitious binder comprises no Portland cement and is therefore more environmentally friendly. The binder further comprises a superplasticizer such as a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) A concrete, mortar, render, coating or pocket can be formed from a mixture of cementitious binder, aggregate particles, water and superplasticizer.

[00013] Published International Patent Application WO 2015089611A1 to Pianaro describes a geopolymeric cement produced from recycled glass.

[00014] None of the references in the prior art teach cold melt concretes and cements that do not use liquid or dry hydroxide additives as a main activator or pH elevator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[00015] Disclosed here are materials, and methods for creating materials, that do not require heat or other special curing processes to produce various building materials. One purpose of the materials and methods disclosed here is, at a minimum, to provide industries, such as the construction industry, with a product that significantly reduces the generation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases during production, unlike cement. Portland and typical geopolymer cements. Yet another advantage of the invention is that it utilizes basic processes and materials that can be incorporated into existing production facilities and methodologies. An additional purpose is to increase product quality by reducing damage to constructed items from, for example, exposure to adverse weather conditions (such as extreme or variable weather), extreme heat, damaging chemical agents such as chlorides, sulfates, acids or similar.

[00016] In this way, it is a main objective of the present invention to provide a cold melt concrete formulation from a mixture of water acting as a lubricant and activator; silicon-based mineral aggregates of various sieve sizes ranging in diameter from about 0.02 mm to 15.24 cm (6 inches) as a filler material; anhydrous or hydrated sodium or potassium metasilicate/pentahydrate acting as an activator; steelmaking waste including Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag acting as a cementitious ingredient; high-calcium or low-calcium waste from coal combustion (fly ash or bottom ash) acting as a cementitious ingredient; sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid or boric acid acting as setting time delays; metal hydroxides including calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium or aluminum to be balanced for strength; attapulgite, kaolin, red or other clay containing a high content of aluminum silicate, fine-grained, which is calcined or otherwise processed to reduce or remove the organic content and organic character for the purpose of increasing the concentration of silicon and aluminum. silicate and associated strength; a protein or synthetic protein material having the same characteristics as a protein that is capable of forming a weak covalent bond with the hydroxides and silicates, therein altering the ion concentration of the hydroxides and silicates for the purpose of maintaining a consistent volume during the process curing, and reduce the sticky/sticky characteristics of silicates; and a pollinated fern oil to reduce the water content of the mixture and decrease viscosity.

[00017] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with any accompanying drawings where certain embodiments of the present invention are shown, by way of illustration and example. Any drawings contained herein form part of the present application and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[00018] Certain aspects, modes, modalities, variations and characteristics of the invention are described here in various levels of detail to provide more understanding of modalities related to compositions comprising Concrete or Cold Fusion Cements and methods related to the production and use of such compositions .

[00019] As used herein, the term "Portland Cement" refers to any cement referred to by the terms Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland, Mixed Hydraulic Cement, Simple Cement, Combined Pozzolanic Cement, Pozzolanic Cement or other characterizations in the industry or jargon descriptions where the material can be used to bind a composition of mineral aggregates, lightweight aggregates, synthetic aggregates, or any aggregates, water, and chemical agents into a mass that hardens and is used in structures or items that may or may not be governed by codes including the International Code Council (ICC), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), The American Concrete Institute (ACI) or International Transportation, Building or Maintenance Agency similar. Portland cement includes modified materials including those combined with Fly Ash and other Pozzolans, high calcium cements, sulfate-free cements, sulfate-resistant cements, high initial strength cements, and air-entrained cements.

[00020] As used herein, the term "Geopolymer Cement" is a term in the industry characterizing pozzolans carrying silicon dioxide and aluminum that are activated and bound by alkalis, alkaline salts, hydroxides and alkaline oxides, which form a hardened material used in transport , construction industry and as a specialty chemical and/or heat resistant concrete. Geopolymeric cements may or may not contain Portland, most typically contain liquid hydroxides and silicates, and most typically require heat treatment to obtain durability characteristics.

[00021] As used herein, the term "Polyvinyl Alcohol" refers to water-soluble synthetic polymers derived from the polymerization of vinyl acetate and polyvinyl acetate. Polyvinyl Alcohol is also referred to as PVA, PVAI, PVOH and Vinyl Alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol is fully or partially hydrolyzed. Appropriate viscosity is determined through experimental batch testing, but any viscosity that achieves resistance to hydrofluoric acid is suitable.

[00022] As used herein, the terms "Cold Fusion Concrete" and "Cold Fusion Cement" are industrial terms characterizing pozzolans carrying silicon dioxide and aluminum that are activated and bound by alkalis, alkaline salts and hydroxides and alkaline oxides that are inherent in installed pozzolans, which form a hardened material used in the transportation industry, construction, and as a specialty chemical and/or heat-resistant concrete. Cold Melt Concrete and Cement may or may not use Portland materials and does not use any liquid hydroxide additives as a main activator or pH lifter. Concrete or Cold Fusion Cement, according to the present invention.

[00023] As used herein, the term "Cementitious Materials" refers to a fine-grained material, which has cementing value when used in concrete or alone, such as Portland cement, combined hydraulic cements, and expansive cement, or materials of the type in combination with fly ash, other raw or calcined natural pozzolans, fume silica and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag.

[00024] As used herein, the term "Silica Fume" refers to a fine-grained man-made material consisting of at least 90% silicon dioxide. Fume silica may or may not be pozzolanic. Other materials bearing fine-grained silicon dioxide may be substituted such as fine-grained mineral clays, crushed glass, silicon gel or other similar materials.

[00025] As used herein, the material term "Fly Ash" (Class C or Class F) refers to a by-product of coal combustion from power generation that may or may not be classified under ASTM Standard Specification C618. Fly ash is the finer product of coal combustion that is collected from the flue gas stream through electrostatic and/or packing precipitations and used in Geopolymeric, Portland, and Cold Fusion cements and concretes as a cementitious and reaction mitigation material. of alkali-silica. Fly ash can be replaced in whole or in part with silica fume, which is a by-product of coal combustion obtained from the flue gas stream or classified fly ash. Fly ash graded for the purpose intended here is a Class C or Class F Fly Ash where finer or coarser particles have been separated and either the finer or coarser portion used.

[00026] As used herein, the term Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is a by-product obtained during the production (cooling) of metal products and objects including iron, copper, brass and others. GGBFS typically contains high concentrations of silicon dioxide, aluminum, calcium and other reactive products which when mixed into Geopolymer, Portland or Cold Fusion cement and concrete aid in strength development and mitigate alkali-silica reaction.

[00027] As used herein, the term "Silicon-Based Mineral Aggregates" refers to any natural or synthetic aggregate that is crushed and rounded and useful as a filler in Portland, Geopolymer and Cold Fusion concrete types . Aggregate is a granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone and blast furnace slag, used as a cementing medium to form a concrete or mortar. Materials carrying high silicon content are often quartzite, marble, and other alluvial, sedimentary, and chemically bonded minerals with unconfined strengths corresponding to about 10 (light weight) to 275.79 Mpa (40,000 psi) (normal and light weight). Aggregate materials containing carbonates or carbon can be used as substitutes when chemical resistance is unnecessary.

[00028] As used herein, the term "Bottom Ash" refers to a by-product of power generation coal combustion that is not classified under ASTM Standard Specification C618. Bottom ash is the coarse product of coal combustion that collects from the bottom of the boiler and is useful in Geopolymeric, Portland and Cold Melt cements and concretes as a cementitious material and lightweight aggregate.

[00029] As used herein, the term "Setting Time Retarders" refers to any dry or liquid mixture added to Portland, Geopolymeric or Cold Fusion cements and concretes to delay setting time and provide longer working time. - Ability during construction efforts and maintenance of various items. What follows are illustrative, though not limiting, examples of compounds useful as either setting time delays and/or activation and rheology enhancers. (1) Sodium tetraborate, also known as borax, sodium borate or disodium tetraborate, is a compound of boron, a mineral and a salt of boric acid. Sodium tetraborate/borax powder is white and contains fluffy colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water. Sodium tetraborate is often used as a hardening time delay, activation and rheology enhancer for Geopolymer and Cold Melt types of cement and concrete, (2) When Portland Cement is used, surfactant, binder, time delays Portland industry hardening agents, rheology modifiers and typical water reducers can be used such as those purchased from SIKA, BASF Construction Chemicals, W.R. Grace, Euclid and other vendors. (3) Sodium citrate dihydrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as sodium citrate, although sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. Sodium Citrate Dihydrate is often used as a hardening time delay, activation enhancer and rheology for Geopolymer and Cold Fusion grades of cement and concrete. (4) Citric acid is a weak organic tribasic acid having the chemical formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. Citric acid is often used as a hardening time delay for Geopolymer and Cold Fusion types of cement and concrete. (5) Boric acid, also called hydrogen borate, boric acid, orthoboric acid, and acidum boricum, is a monobasic, weak boron Lewis acid, often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds. It has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written B(OH)3), and exists as colorless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water. When occurring as a mineral, it is called sassolite. Boric acid is often useful as a setting time delay for Geopolymer and Cold Fusion types of cement and concrete.

[00030] As used herein, the term "Clay Containing High Content of Aluminum Silicate" refers to any naturally occurring mineral material useful in Portland, Geopolymeric and Cold Fusion cements and concrete such as Kaolin, Red and Attapulgite clays which have an organic content of less than 2% (w/w) but a high silicon dioxide content of at least 40% (w/w) and an aluminum content of at least 15% (w/w). Other naturally occurring minerals can be used as substitutes including zeolites, diatomaceous earth, volcanic minerals and other similar materials.

[00031] As used herein, the term "Protein" or "Synthetic Protein Material" refers to large biomolecules, or macromolecules, inclusive of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. For the protein to be useful in Geopolymer and Cold Fusion types of cements and concrete, the DNA chain must produce a covalent bond between the silicates in the mixture and hydroxides produced, there temporarily adjusting the ionic concentration (up or down ) and reducing and/or removing the sticky and viscous characteristic inherent in most types of Geopolymer cement and reducing the change in mix volume from higher quality ion restructuring during modification after the protein effect has ended due to a reduction in pH, temperature or time drift.

[00032] As used herein, the term "Polinated Fern Oil" refers to a commercially available plant extract material supplied by MBPHX, LLC, based in Coral Springs, Florida.

[00033] As used herein, the term "Fluortensoactives" are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms. They can be polyfluorinated or fluorocarbon-based (perfluorinated), but are unreactive when exposed to hydrofluoric acid and other corrosive acids of silicon dioxide. Fluortensifiers are useful in Geopolymeric and Cold Cast types of concrete to reduce water surface tension and adjust the rheology of mixes where polyvinyl alcohols are used.

[00034] As used herein, the term "Light Weight Filler Materials" refers to naturally occurring light weight mineral aggregates and other synthetic materials useful as aggregates and veining fillers in concrete mixes. Lightweight Cargo Materials include any natural or synthetic material with a bulk specific gravity of less than 1.0. Lightweight filler materials are used to reduce the composite weight of blends for structural weight limitation purposes, to enhance insulating properties, and to improve the blends' resistance to high heat conditions including fire. Lightweight filler materials may include items such as, but not limited to, vermiculite, volcanic ash, expanded glass, expanded shale, man-made cryospheres and/or coal combustion by-product, synthetic or protein air veins and others man-made or naturally occurring and vein-created materials.

[00035] As used herein, the term "Fibers" refers to man-made micro (fine) and macro (coarse) or deformed fibers commercially produced for the specific purpose of replacing conventional reinforcing steel, crack removal or reduction of concrete, adjustment of modulus characteristics, improvement of strength and adjustment of concrete mix rheology. Fibers are typically formed from PVC, steel, nylon, KEVLARTM (Kevlar is the trademark for a synthetic para-aramid fiber), glass, basalt, and denier ceramic, varying in length and shape.

[00036] As used herein, the term "Slump" ("Slump") refers to a measurement of concrete workability or flowability. It is a direct measurement of consistency or stiffness of concrete.

[00037] As used herein, the term "Concrete Drop Test" refers to the measurement of a property of fresh concrete and is typically governed by the ASTM C143 Standard test method. The test is an empirical test that measures the workability of fresh concrete, and when used in many batches during larger placements, it measures batch-to-batch consistency. The drop test results in a measurement of the behavior of an inverted concrete cone compacted under the action of gravity. It measures the consistency or moisture content of the concrete.

[00038] As used herein, the term "Saturated Surface Dry" is an empirical value used to assess the optimum or design moisture content of mineral sands and aggregates used in concrete. Surface dry saturated moisture content is typically determined by ASTM C127 and Standard C128 test methods for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, respectively. "Surface Dry Saturated" can be defined as the condition of an aggregate where the particle surfaces are "dry" (ie surface adsorption would no longer happen), but the interparticle veins are saturated with water. Under this condition, aggregates will not affect the free water content of a composite material.

[00039] As used herein, the term "Saturated Wet" can be defined as the condition of an aggregate in which all pores are completely filled with water with a film on the surface.

[00040] As used herein, the term "Air Dry" can be defined as the condition of an aggregate in which all moisture is removed from the surface, but internal pores are partially filled.

[00041] As used herein, the term "Oven-Dry" can be defined as the condition of an aggregate in which all moisture is removed from the aggregate by heating in an oven at 105° C for constant weight (heating of overnight is usually enough) and all pores are empty.

[00042] The term "about" or "approximately" as used herein means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined , that is, the limitations of the measurement system. Where particular values are described in the report and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term "about" means within an acceptable error range for the particular value.

[00043] Unless otherwise indicated, all material requirements are expressed as % weight/weight, understood to be the mass of a particular constituent over the mass of the entire mixture, as indicated, inclusive of water x 100%.

[00044] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a cold melt concrete or cement formed from a mixture of water acting as a lubricant and activator; silicon-based mineral aggregates of various sieve sizes ranging in diameter from about 0.02 mm to 15.24 cm (6 inches) acting as a filler material; Anhydrous or hydrated sodium or potassium metasilicate/pentahydrate acting as an activator, steelmaking waste including Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag acting as a cementitious ingredient, high-calcium or low-calcium waste from combustion of charcoal (fly ash or bottom ash) acting as a cementitious ingredient; sodium tetraborate; sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid or boric acid acting as hardening time retardants; metal hydroxides including calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium or aluminum to be balanced for strength; attapulgite, kaolin, red or other fine-grained clay containing high aluminum silicate content which is calcined or otherwise processed to reduce or remove the organic content and organic character for the purpose of increasing the concentration of silicon and aluminosilicate and associated strength, a protein or synthetic protein material having the same characteristics as a protein which is capable of forming a weak covalent bond with the hydroxides and silicates, thereby altering the ion concentration of the hydroxides and silicates for the purpose of maintaining a volume consistent during the curing process, and reduce the sticky/sticky character of silicates; and a pollinated fern oil to reduce the water content of the mixture and decrease viscosity.

[00045] The water must be potable, but non-potable water may be used if constituents of the mixture are varied to accommodate the use of non-potable water due to varying water sources with varying pH, mineral content, fluoride and other chemical agents and Ingredients.

[00046] The aggregates should include materials carrying a high content of silicon dioxide such as quartzite, marble and other alluvial, sedimentary and chemically bonded minerals with unconfined strengths corresponding to about 10 (light weight) to about 275.79 Mpa ( 40,000 psi) (normal and heavy weights). Aggregates are generally, but not specifically, required to conform to durability and grain size stipulations in American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) C33, Standard Specification for Aggregates used in concrete, and typically, but not required to be blended in defined concentrations. per various specifications in the American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice including ACI 318, ACI 301, ACI 211 and ACI 506. Mix water contents are reviewed for aggregates to produce a cohesive, viscous material and accommodate a calculated mix volume of 1 cubic meter, or 27 cubic feet per yard, and required strengths range from about 0.17 MPa (light weight) (25 pounds per square inch (psi)) to about 137.89 MPa ( normal and light weights) (20,000 psi) in 2 hours to 56 days with varying curing environments including electrical curing, thermal curing, laboratory curing, and curing under ambient conditions in varying geographic climates including average daily temperatures from -45 .55 to 60° C (-50 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit) and variable barometric pressures.

[00047] The pollinated fern plant extract material is added to the aggregates before the addition of cementitious materials and water. Fern plant extract reduces the water requirement of the mix created from the coatable surface area of cementitious materials and aggregates. Reducing the water demand of mixes increases strength and reduces plastic change, drying and autogenous mix volume. The fern plant extract must be designed for each blend, but must be similar to the fern plant extract supplied by MBPHX, LLC, based in Coral Springs, Florida.

[00048] The above material concentrations are adjusted and balanced within the required mix volume to obtain sufficient strength, permeability loss and silicon dioxide content to obtain resistance (less than 5% loss in mass) to acid concentrations sulfuric ranging from from about 0.01% to about 98%; hydrochloric acid concentrations ranging from from about 0.01% to about 57%; nitric acid concentrations ranging from from about 0.01% to about 68%; phosphoric acid concentrations ranging from from about 0.01% to about 98%; acetic acid concentrations ranging from from about 0.01% to about 98%; and all concentrations and exposures to all chlorides and all sulfates without degradation from mass loss or volume change for continuous submerged exposures ranging from 1 to 730 days.

[00049] In another modality, the concentrations of constituents are maintained and balanced, while reducing or eliminating the presence of sodium tetraborate, thus avoiding extreme thickening and change in rheology, in the presence of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA ), which is added in an amount effective to keep the cured mixtures resistant to water damage, while achieving resistance (less than 5% weight loss) to hydrofluoric acid degradation at submerged concentrations of from about 0.01 % to about 55% for 1 to 90 days. The viscosity and hydrolyzed content of PVA are used to obtain various rheological, viscosity, aggregate suspension and setting time characteristics of the mix. In case the PVA concentrations become too high to obtain resistance to hydrofluoric acid and the mix loses the cohesiveness necessary for placement, strength or pumping, fluorosurfactants are added to raise the humidity of the mix and revise the rheological behavior, while maintaining characteristics. of strength and permeability, and further protecting the mixture from degradation by hydrofluoric acid. In the event that any coal combustion waste, steel waste, silicates or other constituents of the mixture prohibit sufficient permeability reduction of the cured mixture, the mineral aggregates bearing high silicon dioxide content are removed and replaced with butyl rubber, plastic or other hydrofluoric acid-resistant filler material or a pure cement mix is placed without risk of aggregate degradation from exposure to hydrofluoric acid and the relative expansion of aggregate digestion.

[00050] In an alternative embodiment, hard and durable aggregates carrying high content of silicon dioxide, PVA and fluortensoactives are removed and replaced with light weight filler materials such as, but not limited to, vermiculite, volcanic ash, expanded glass sand, expanded shale, man-made cryospheres or coal combustion by-products, synthetic or protein air veins and other man-made or naturally occurring and vein-created materials. Sodium tetraborate, sodium carbonate or other similar materials are added to the mixture to increase the mixture's heat resistance and increase the material's working life. The light weight filler materials, coal or steel scrap, sodium tetraborate, sodium carbonate, sodium or potassium metasilicate, protein, water and plant extract are combined in concentrations that achieve the desired density ranging from about from 320.37 kg/m3 (20 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) to about 1601.85 kg/m3 (100 pounds pcf) with relative strengths ranging from about 0.34 MPa to about 41.36 MPa (50 psi to about 6000 psi) in 28 days of air curing or accelerated curing using heat or electricity.

[00051] In certain of the embodiments, the size and concentrations of the filler materials and the concentrations of coal or steel scrap, sodium tetraborate, sodium carbonate, sodium or potassium metasilicate, protein and water are selected so that the mixture is put normally, travel through a typical industry pneumatic application pump device for spray applied applications or other pneumatic structural locations, for example, fireproof and other heat resistance applications, and obtain the density and desired applied resistance.

[00052] Typical filler material sizes range from from about 0.01 mm to about 8 mm. Mix size and material concentration are adjusted to achieve heat resistance from 1 hour to about 5 hours to a maximum of 1093.33 degrees Celsius (2000 degrees Fahrenheit) for extended periods and rapid exposure (5 minutes maximum) to temperatures in excess of 1648.88 degrees Celsius (3,000 degrees Fahrenheit).

[00053] To prevent any cracking as a result of varying materials or varying batch concentrations, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), steel, nylon, KEVLARTM (Kevlar is the trademark for a synthetic para-amide fiber), glass, basalt , ceramic or other micro, macro or deformed fibers are used in variable dosages depending on the cementitious content of the mixture. The fibers can be of varying denier, length and shape. In the case of glass and other similar fibers, the glass material must be alkali resistant. In the case of heat resistant mixtures, fibers such as glass, basalt and ceramics should be used due to the high heat resistance of these materials.

Example 1

[00054] In order to produce a sand and cementitious material that can be troweled, or poured into place, that is resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides, and heat exposure up to 648.88 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit), reagent resistant mineral aggregate such as, but not limited to, high silicon alluvial quartzite deposits, mined basalt or mined marble with maximum aggregate sizes from about 0.63 cm (1/4 of a inch) to 74 µm sieve (#200 U.S. Mesh or 0.0029") are combined for ratios that create a smooth textured finish, and accommodate a maximum layer thickness to aggregate size ratio of about 3 to 1. combination will result in a deviation of no more than 35% from the maximum density line when viewed on an X/Y graph and plotted with the % pass increased to a power of 0.45, densifying the aggregate gradation to its maximum. The combined aggregates should be, in terms of mass, about 20% (w/w) to 75% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water. Pollinated Fern Oil is added to the mineral aggregate in a surface dry saturated, wet saturated or dry (Air Dry or Oven Dry) condition and prior to the inclusion of other mix ingredients to about 0.05% (w/w ) to about 1.0% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water.

[00055] Cementitious materials must be combined with dry materials including Fern Fern Oil in the case of dry packed cementitious mixtures or separately in the case of wet batch concrete mixtures. Cementitious materials shall include, either alone or in combination, at least one of fly ash (Class C or Class F) and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) added in varying concentrations depending on mix strength, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for bulk concentrations ranging to a maximum of 40% (w/w), typically from about 8% (w/w) to about 40% (w/w). Each of the mixture's fly ash concentrations and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) concentrations must be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts of each in blending designs until the characteristics are as specified by the requirements. from the project. Cementitious materials should include sodium or potassium metasilicate, or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrates, added in varying concentrations depending on mix strength, volume change, carbonation, and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from about from 2% (w/w) to about 7% (w/w). Mixture concentrations of sodium or potassium metasilicate or pentahydrate should be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts in mixing designs until characteristics are in accordance with design requirements. Cementitious materials should include sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, or citric, boric, or silicic acid, added in varying concentrations ranging from from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5 .0% (w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content of the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time. Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), provided that the protein is provided in the minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between mixture silicates and hydroxides produced therein temporarily removing the sticky/viscous characteristics of the mixture and reducing the volume change of the mixture, but less than the amount in which undesirable amounts of air are produced. Water is added to the mixture in amounts by mass ranging from about 3% (w/w) to about 15% (w/w), so that the concentration of water is effective to produce drop consistencies and/or or other characteristics that meet the design requirements for the intended purpose ranging from mortar consistency for vertical or suspended concrete repairs, mortar joints, horizontal concrete repairs, sealants, coatings, to load-bearing walls, slabs, beams or columns in a consolidated, self-consolidating, or self-leveling application. When all substituents are combined, the material should be mixed for anywhere from 2 to 7 minutes prior to placement and/or curing.

[00056] The mixture was formulated according to Table 1, as shown below.

[00057] Notes for the Tables that follow:

[00058] The mass of fern oil was calculated for the purpose of mixing summ m mass and % sum mass using the following calculation: (fluid ounces/128) x (8.33 (weight of water per gallon) x 1.035 (specific gravity of fern oil)).

[00059] Drop consistency was increased by adjusting the water content and keeping the same fern oil mass or eliminating the fern oil. Fall consistency can also be increased by maintaining the water mass and increasing the fern oil mass.

[00060] Individual drop consistency mix mass weights yield an approximate (cubic yard) of concrete by volume based on the specific gravity of the individual material.

[00061] Larger or smaller aggregate can be used for specific project requirements. While guidelines from the American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice can be followed for aggregate and cementitious concentrations, determination of aggregate and cementitious concentrations is performed based on design requirements, the amount of coarser or finer aggregate material is determined based on based on particle shape (fractured or rounded), particle size, design requirements and the rheology of the mixture as affected by the surface area of finer particles.

[00062] Although mixing GGBFS and fly ash together can sometimes produce specific properties, use of only one of the materials can occur.

Example 2

[00063] In order to produce a sand, aggregate and cementitious material that can be applied with a spatula, or poured in place that is resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides and exposure to heat for a short time (up to approximately 10 minutes) up to 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit (1315.55 degrees Celsius), reagent-resistant materials such as, but not limited to, cryospheres, expanded glass, vermiculite, expanded shale, volcanic ash, trapped air, and other shaft production and charge materials light weight are combined for ratios that create a cementitious mass, and accommodate a maximum layer thickness to aggregate size ratio of about 3 to 1. The combination will result in a maximum deviation of 35% from the mix density line when examined on an X/Y graph and plotted with the pass % increased to the power of 0.45, densifying the aggregate gradation to its maximum. The combined aggregate should be, in terms of mass, from about 5.0% (w/w) to about 40% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water. Pollinated Fern Oil is added to the mineral aggregate, in a surface dry saturated, wet saturated or dry condition and prior to the inclusion of other ingredients in the mixture in concentrations from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 1. 0% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water.

[00064] Cementitious materials must be combined with dry mineral aggregate materials including Pollinated Fern Oil in the case of dry packaged cementitious mixtures or separately in the case of wet batch concrete mixtures. In the case of packaged concrete materials that include mineral aggregate, the Fern Oil Pollinated should be mixed with the dry mineral aggregate first, thus allowing the Fern Oil to absorb into the dry aggregate, then combine with the rest of the dry cementitious materials. . In the case of wet batch concrete mixes, Fern Oil should be added to the saturated surface dry aggregate and mixed for a minimum of 30 seconds before adding the remaining dry materials.

[00065] The cementitious materials must include, either alone or in combination, at least one of fly ash (Class C or Class F) and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) added in varying concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, change of volume, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging to a maximum of 65% (w/w), typically from about 15% (w/w) to about 65% (w/w). Each of the mixture's fly ash concentrations and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) concentrations must be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts of each in the mixture designs until the characteristics are as specified in the design requirements.

[00066] Cementitious materials must include sodium or potassium metasilicate or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrate, added in variable concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from from about 3.0% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w). Mixture metasilicate or pentahydrate concentrations should be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts in mixing designs until characteristics meet design requirements.

[00067] Cementitious materials should include sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate or citric, boric or silicic acid, added in varying concentrations ranging from about 1.0% (w/w) to about 5.0% (w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content in the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time.

[00068] Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w), as long as the protein is provided at the minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between the mixtures of silicate and hydroxides produced therein temporarily removing the sticky/viscous characteristic of the mixture and reducing the change in volume of the mixture, but less than the amount at which undesirable amounts of air are produced . In case the hydroxides produced are insufficient to produce a covalent bond, calcium hydroxide and other hydroxides can be added as a supplement in concentrations that produce a covalent bond but do not produce excess trapped air.

[00069] Water is added to the mixture in mass amounts ranging from about 7% (w/w) to about 25% (w/w), so that the concentration is sufficient to produce drop consistencies and other characteristics meeting the design requirements for the intended purpose ranging from mortar consistency for vertical or suspended concrete repairs, mortar joints, horizontal concrete repairs, sealants, coatings and/or load-bearing walls, slabs, beams or columns in a consolidated, self-consolidating, or self-leveling application.

[00070] When all constituents are combined, the material should be mixed for anywhere from 2 to 7 minutes prior to placement and/or curing.

[00071] The mixture was formulated according to Table 2, as shown below.

Example 3

[00072] In order to produce a cementitious grout material that can be troweled, or poured in place, that is resistant to various acids, but specifically hydrofluoric acid. Cementitious materials must include, either alone or in combination, at least one of fly ash (Class C or Class F) and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) added in varying concentrations depending on mix strength, volume change, car - boning and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from a maximum of 65% (w/w), typically around 10% (w/w) to around 65% (w/w). Each of the fly ash and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) concentrations in the mix shall be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts of each in mix designs until the characteristics are as specified by the design requirements.

[00073] Cementitious materials must include sodium or potassium metasilicate and/or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrate, added in varying concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, change in volume, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from from about 3.0% (w/w) to about 12% (w/w). Mixture metasilicate concentrations should be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts in mix designs until characteristics meet design requirements.

[00074] Cementitious materials should include sodium citrate dihydrate or citric, boric or silicic acid added in varying concentrations ranging from from about 1.0% (w/w) to about 5.0% ( w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content in the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time.

[00075] Some sodium tetraborate additions may occur, but concentrations are generally less than 1.5% (w/w) due to the reaction between tetraborate and PVA, which can often be harmful and cause thickening.

[00076] Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from about 0.005% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w), as long as the protein is provided in the minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between silicates in the mix and hydroxides produced in the mix temporarily removing the sticky/sticky character and reducing the change in volume of the mix, but less than the amount at which undesirable amounts of air are produced.

[00077] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to the mixture in concentrations ranging from from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 15.0% (w/w). PVA dosage is determined on a trial and error basis using cured specimens submerged in water and hydrofluoric acid. PVA dosage is selected when mass loss after continued exposure to hydrofluoric acid is less than 5.0% in 3 days and comparable species exposed to submersion in water are unaffected with respect to mass loss and/or loss of strength .

[00078] Water is added to the mixture in mass amounts ranging from about 10% (w/w) to about 30% (w/w), so that the concentration of water is effective to produce consistency of slump and other characteristics that meet product requirements and are appropriate for the intended purpose ranging from a mortar consistency to vertical or suspended concrete repairs, mortar joints, horizontal concrete repairs, sealants, coatings and/or load-bearing walls, slabs, beams or columns, for a self-consolidating or self-leveling consistency. Water should be added to the dry composite material mix, mixed for 5 to 10 minutes, then set for the applicable time period based on the intended application and designated work period.

[00079] Aggregate materials including hydrofluoride-resistant aggregate can be added to the mix to reduce cementitious material concentrations. Typical aggregates include calcium-free and silicon dioxide-free materials that are typically man-made and are designed for their intended purpose or are a waste product from various industries including the petrochemical and industrial manufacturing industries, including PVC, rubber and other production.

[00080] The mixture was formulated according to Table 3, as shown below.

Example 4

[00081] In order to produce an aggregate, sand, and cementitious material that can be pumped or otherwise deposited in place that creates a mix that is resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides, and exposure to heat up to 648.88 degrees Celsius ( 1200 degrees Fahrenheit), reagent-resistant mineral aggregate such as, but not limited to, high silicon dioxide content alluvial quartzite deposits, mined basalt, or mined marble with maximum aggregate sizes from 30.48 cm (12 inches) the No. 200 um size sieve are combined to ratios that create a dense concrete mix that, when analyzed on an XY graph increased to the 0.45 power, does not deviate from the maximum density line more than 35% and with a maximum aggregate size to layer thickness ratio of 3 to 1. The combined aggregate should be, in terms of mass, from about 20% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water. Pollinated Fern Oil is added to the mineral aggregate, in a surface dry saturated, wet saturated or dry condition and prior to inclusion of other ingredients in the mix to about 0.05% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water.

[00082] Cementitious material must be combined with dry materials including Fern Fern Oil in the case of dry packaged cementitious mixtures or separately in the case of wet batch concrete mixtures.

[00083] The cementitious materials must include, either alone or in combination, at least one of fly ash (Class C or Class F) and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) added in varying concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, change of volume, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging to a maximum of 50% (w/w), typically from about 9% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w). Each of the fly ash concentrations and Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) concentrations in the mix shall be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts of each in mix designs until the characteristics are as specified by the requirements. from the project.

[00084] Cementitious materials must include sodium or potassium metasilicate or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrate, added in variable concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from from about 2% (w/w) to about 7% (w/w).

[00085] The metasilicate/pentahydrate concentrations of the mixture must be selected by balancing the amounts of mass and volume in mixture designs until the characteristics are in accordance with the design requirements. Cementitious materials should include sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, or citric, boric, or silicic acid, added in varying concentrations ranging from from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5.0 % (w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content of the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time.

[00086] Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from from 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), as long as the protein is provided in the Minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between silicates in the mixture and hydroxides produced therein temporarily removing the sticky/viscous characteristics of the mixture and reducing the volume change of the mixture, but less than the amount at which undesirable amounts of air are produced.

[00087] Water is added to the mixture in mass amounts ranging from about 3% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), so that the concentration of water is effective to produce drop consistencies that meet design requirements that are appropriate for the intended purpose ranging from sidewalk concrete to structural water dams, nuclear or hydrocarbon power generation, foundations, skyscrapers, and all points in between. conventional, self-consolidating, pneumatic or self-leveling applications.

[00088] When all constituents are combined, the material must be mixed for 2 to 7 minutes before placement and/or curing.

[00089] The mixture was formulated according to Table 4, as shown below.

Example 5

[00090] In order to produce an aggregate, sand, and cementitious material that can be pumped or otherwise deposited in place that creates a mix that is resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides, and exposure to heat up to 648.88 degrees Celsius ( 1200 degrees Fahrenheit), reagent-resistant mineral aggregate such as, but not limited to, high-silicon alluvial quartzite, mined basalt, or mined marble deposits with maximum aggregate sizes starting at 30.48 cm (12 inches) No. 200 µm size sieve are combined to ratios that create a dense concrete mix which, when analyzed on an XY graph increased to the 0.45 power, does not deviate from the maximum density line by more than 35% and with a ratio of maximum aggregate size for layer thickness of 3 to 1. The combined aggregate should be, in terms of mass, from about 20% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of the mass of final cement mix including water. Pollinated Fern Oil is added to the mineral aggregate, in a surface dry saturated, wet saturated or dry condition and prior to inclusion of other ingredients in the mix to about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10.1% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water.

[00091] Cementitious materials must be combined with dry materials including Fern Fern Oil in the case of dry packaged cementitious mixtures or separately in the case of wet batch concrete mixtures. Cementitious materials should include fly ash (Class C or Class F) added in varying concentrations depending on mix strength, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from 10.0% (w/w) at 40% (w/w).

[00092] The concentrations of fly ash in the mixture must be selected by balancing amounts in mass and volume of fly ash in mixture designs until the characteristics meet the design requirements. Cementitious materials should include sodium or potassium metasilicate or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrate, added in varying concentrations depending on the mix strength, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from to from about 2% (w/w) to about 7% (w/w).

[00093] The metasilicate/pentahydrate concentrations of the mixture must be selected by balancing the amounts of mass and volume in mixture designs until the characteristics are in accordance with the design requirements. Cementitious materials should include sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, or citric, boric, or silicic acid, added in varying concentrations ranging from from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5.0 % (w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content of the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time.

[00094] Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from from 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), as long as the protein is provided in the Minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between silicates in the mixture and hydroxides produced therein temporarily removing the sticky/viscous characteristics of the mixture and reducing the volume change of the mixture, but less than the amount at which undesirable amounts of air are produced.

[00095] Water is added to the mixture in mass amounts ranging from from about 3% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), so that the concentration of water is effective to produce consistency of fall that meet design requirements that are appropriate for the intended purpose ranging from sidewalk concrete to structural water dams, nuclear or hydrocarbon power generation, foundations, skyscrapers and all points in between conventional applications, from self-consolidating, pneumatic or self-levelling.

[00096] When all constituents are combined, the material should be mixed for 2 to 7 minutes prior to placement and/or curing.

[00097] The mixture was formulated according to Table 5, as shown below.

Example 6

[00098] In order to produce an aggregate, sand and cementitious material that can be pumped or otherwise deposited in place that creates a mixture resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides and exposure to heat up to 648.88 degrees Celsius ( 1200 degrees Fahrenheit), reagent resistant mineral aggregate such as, but not limited to, high silicon alluvial quartzite deposits, mined basalt or mined marble with maximum aggregate sizes from 30.48 cm 30.48 cm (12 inch) No. 200 µm size screen are combined to ratios that create a dense concrete mix that, when analyzed on an XY graph increased to the 0.45 power, does not deviate from the maximum density line by more than 35% and with a maximum aggregate size to layer thickness ratio of 3 to 1. The combined aggregate should be, in terms of mass, from about 20% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w ) of the final cement mix including water. Pollinated Fern Oil is added to the mineral aggregate, in a surface dry saturated, wet saturated or dry condition and prior to inclusion of other ingredients in the mix to about 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w) of the final cement mix mass including water.

[00099] Cementitious materials must be combined with dry materials including Fern Fern Oil in the case of dry packaged cementitious mixtures or separately in the case of wet batch concrete mixtures.

[000100] Cementitious materials must include Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), added in variable concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from 10, 0% (w/w) to 40% (w/w). Blend GGBFS concentrations should be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts in blend designs until characteristics meet design requirements.

[000101] Cementitious materials must include sodium or potassium metasilicate or sodium or potassium metasilicate pentahydrate, added in variable concentrations depending on the strength of the mixture, volume change, carbonation and rheological behavior for mass concentrations ranging from from about 2% (w/w) to about 7% (w/w). Mixture metasilicate/pentahydrate concentrations should be selected by balancing mass and volume amounts in mix designs until characteristics meet design requirements.

[000102] Cementitious materials should include sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate or citric, boric or silicic acid, added in varying concentrations ranging from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5.0% (w/w) by mass of the mix including water, to reduce the air content of the mix and prolong the setting time and/or working time.

[000103] Protein is added as a portion of the cementitious material in concentrations ranging from 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), as long as the protein is provided in the Minimum concentration that will produce a covalent bond between silicates in the mixture and hydroxides produced therein temporarily removing the sticky/viscous characteristics of the mixture and reducing the volume change of the mixture, but less than the amount at which undesirable amounts of air are produced.

[000104] Water is added to the mixture in mass amounts ranging from about 3% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), so that the concentration of water is effective to produce drop consistencies that meet design requirements that are appropriate for the intended purpose ranging from sidewalk concrete to structural water dams, nuclear or hydrocarbon power generation, foundations, skyscrapers, and all points in between. conventional, self-consolidating, pneumatic or self-leveling applications. When all constituents are combined, the material should be mixed for 2 to 7 minutes prior to placement and/or curing.

[000105] The mixture was formulated according to Table 6, as shown below.

[000106] All patents and publications mentioned in the present application are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. All patents and publications are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[000107] It should be understood that although a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it should not be limited to the specific form or arrangement described and shown herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention should not be considered limited to what is shown and described in the report and any figures/drawings included therein.

[000108] A person skilled in the art will readily understand that the present invention is well adapted to achieve the objectives and obtain the purposes and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures, and techniques described herein are representative of the preferred embodiments, and are intended as exemplary and not as a limitation of scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are comprised within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention as claimed is not to be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention that are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the claims that follow.

Claims (7)

1. Cold melt concrete formulation which can be troweled, or poured in place, which is resistant to acids, sulfates, chlorides and exposure to heat up to 649 degrees Celsius, characterized in that it comprises: an aggregate of reagent resistant mineral in an amount of from 20% w/w to 75% w/w of the total weight of said formulation including water; a pollinated fern oil in an amount of from 0.055% w/w to 1.0% w/w of the total weight of said formulation including water; a cementitious material in an amount of from 8.0% w/w to 40.0% w/w of the total weight of said formulation, inclusive of water, including at least one selected member of fly ash Class C, Class F fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS); wherein said cementitious material includes at least one member selected from sodium tetraborate, sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid, boric acid and silicic acid, in concentrations ranging from 0.5%, w/w, to 5, 0%, w/w, by mass of the mixture including water; wherein said cementitious material includes at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate, in mass concentrations ranging from 2% w/w to 7% , w/w; a protein, in concentrations ranging from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w of said cementitious material; and water in mass amounts ranging from 3% w/w to 15% w/w. 2. Formulation of cold fusion concrete, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said reagent-resistant mineral aggregate includes at least one member selected from deposits of alluvial quartzite of high content of silicon dioxide, basalt mined or mined marble with maximum aggregate sizes from 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) to 0.074 mm (U.S. No. 200 or 0.0029 Mesh Sieve). 3. Cold melt concrete formulation, characterized in that it comprises: from 10%, w/w, to 50%, w/w, 2.38 mm size sand (U.S. No. 8 Mesh Screen) ; from 10% w/w to 50% w/w 0.595 mm size sand (U.S. No. 30 Mesh sieve); from 8.0% w/w to 40% w/w of at least one member including granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Class F fly ash; from 2% w/w to 7% w/w of at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate; from 0.5% w/w to 7% w/w sodium tetraborate; from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microfibers 19.05 mm (0.75"); from 0.01% w/w to to 0.1%, w/w, 6.35 mm (0.25'') nylon microfibers; from 0.01%, w/w, to 0.1%, w/w, protein; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% w/w pollinated fern oil and 3.0% w/w to 155% w/w water. 4. Cold melt concrete formulation, characterized in that it comprises: from 2% w/w to 5% w/w of expanded glass 4mm-8mm; from 2% w/w to 5% w/w of 2mm-4mm expanded glass; from 2% w/w to 5% w/w of 0.5mm-1mm expanded glass; from 1% w/w to 5% w/w of 0.1mm-0.3mm expanded glass; from 15% w/w to 65% w/w of at least one member including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash Class F; from 3% w/w to 10% w/w of at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate; from 1% w/w to 5% w/w sodium tetraborate; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% w/w of 6.35 mm (0.25") Nylon microfibers; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% , w/w, of protein; from 0.05%, w/w, to 1.0%, w/w, of pollinated fern oil; and from 7.0%, w/w, to 25%, p /p, of water. 5. Cold melt concrete formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises: from 30%, w/w to 50%, w/w, of quartzite aggregate 9.53 mm (0.375"); from 30%, w/ p to 50% w/w of sand; from 9.0% w/w to 50% w/w of at least one member including a granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash Grade F; from 2% w/w to 7% w/w of at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate; from 0.5% , w/w, to 5%, w/w, of sodium tetraborate; from 0.01%, w/w, to 0.1%, w/w, of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microfibers 19.05 mm (0.75"); from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w 6.35 mm (0.25'') nylon microfibers; from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w protein; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% w/w of pollinated fern oil; and from 3.0% w/w to 10% w/w water. 6. Cold melt concrete formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises: from 10%, w/w, to 50%, w/w, of quartzite aggregate 9.53 mm (0.375"); from 10%, w/w, to 50%, w/w, of sand; from 10%, w/w, to 40%, w/w, of Fly Ash Class F; from 2%, w/w, to 7%, p /p of at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate; from 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w tetraborate Sodium: From 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microfibers 19.05 mm (0.75"); from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w 6.35 mm (0.25'') nylon microfibers; from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w protein; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% w/w of pollinated fern oil; and from 3.0% w/w to 10% w/w water. 7. Cold melt concrete formulation, characterized in that it comprises: from 10%, w/w, to 50%, w/w, of quartzite aggregate 9.53 mm (0.375"); from 10%, 50% w/w of sand; 10% w/w of 40% w/w of crushed blast furnace slag (GGBFS); 2% w/w 7% w/w of at least one member selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate and potassium pentahydrate; 0.5% w/w to 5% 0.01% w/w of sodium tetraborate to 0.1% w/w of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microfibers 19.05 mm (0.75"); from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w 6.35 mm (0.25'') nylon microfibers; from 0.01% w/w to 0.1% w/w protein; from 0.05% w/w to 1.0% w/w of pollinated fern oil; and from 3.0% w/w to 10% w/w water.