BR112016023164A2 - processo para produção de um compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido, e, compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido - Google Patents

processo para produção de um compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido, e, compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido

Info

Publication number
BR112016023164A2
BR112016023164A2 BR112016023164A BR112016023164A BR112016023164A2 BR 112016023164 A2 BR112016023164 A2 BR 112016023164A2 BR 112016023164 A BR112016023164 A BR 112016023164A BR 112016023164 A BR112016023164 A BR 112016023164A BR 112016023164 A2 BR112016023164 A2 BR 112016023164A2
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
natural fiber
starch
thermoplastic composite
composite
starch thermoplastic
Prior art date
Application number
BR112016023164A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mao Changbin
Paleologou Michael
Meng Qingkai
Fang Yunli
Yuan Zhirun
Original Assignee
Fpinnovations
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fpinnovations filed Critical Fpinnovations
Publication of BR112016023164A2 publication Critical patent/BR112016023164A2/pt

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/18—Plasticising macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/203—Solid polymers with solid and/or liquid additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2201/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2403/00—Use of starch or derivatives as filler
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08J2323/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2351/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
    • C08J2497/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

o presente se relaciona com um processo para incorporação de fibra natural úmida e amido em termoplásticos e o compósito produzido. o processo para produção do compósito compreende os passos de: proporcionar uma fibra natural úmida; proporcionar um amido; proporcionar um plastificante; proporcionar um termoplástico; misturar a fibra natural úmida, o amido e o plastificante com água para produzir uma pasta, e combinar a pasta com o termoplástico para produzir o compósito. o compósito em uma forma de realização preferencial compreende 50 % por peso de fibra natural/amido e um plastificante; 50 % por peso de termoplástico; um módulo de tensão maior do que 1450 mpa e uma resistência à tração maior do que 41 mpa.
BR112016023164A 2014-04-10 2015-03-18 processo para produção de um compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido, e, compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido BR112016023164A2 (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201461977972P 2014-04-10 2014-04-10
PCT/CA2015/050200 WO2015154175A1 (en) 2014-04-10 2015-03-18 A process to incorporate wet natural fiber and starch into thermoplastics

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR112016023164A2 true BR112016023164A2 (pt) 2018-01-16

Family

ID=54287049

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR112016023164A BR112016023164A2 (pt) 2014-04-10 2015-03-18 processo para produção de um compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido, e, compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10087291B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP3129429A4 (pt)
JP (1) JP6572235B2 (pt)
CN (1) CN106133032B (pt)
BR (1) BR112016023164A2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2944926C (pt)
CL (1) CL2016002529A1 (pt)
WO (1) WO2015154175A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3221389A1 (fr) * 2014-11-17 2017-09-27 Roquette Frères Composition à base d'amidon thermoplastique et de polyester aliphatique
SG10201806087XA (en) * 2018-07-16 2020-02-27 Thai Polyethylene Co Ltd Method of preparing a microcrystalline cellulose reinforced polymer composite
US10882977B1 (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-01-05 Edward Showalter Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same
US11149131B2 (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-10-19 Edward Showalter Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same
EP4124633A1 (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-02-01 Evertree Process for the manufacture of a lignocellulosic fibre-based composite material using polysaccharide-based pellets and composite material obtained by such process

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6231970B1 (en) 2000-01-11 2001-05-15 E. Khashoggi Industries, Llc Thermoplastic starch compositions incorporating a particulate filler component
AT410943B (de) * 2001-10-23 2003-08-25 Markus Dipl Ing Rettenbacher Formkörper aus naturfasern und kunststoff, seine herstellung in gegenwart von feuchtigkeit und dessen verwendung
US8802754B2 (en) * 2005-01-25 2014-08-12 Mgpi Processing, Inc. Starch-plastic composite resins and profiles made by extrusion
US7989524B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2011-08-02 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Fiber-reinforced starch-based compositions and methods of manufacture and use
US8187423B1 (en) * 2006-05-09 2012-05-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Fiber reinforced composites
US20090048368A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2009-02-19 Bash Thomas F Polyolefin compositions comprising bio-based starch materials
FR2957928B1 (fr) * 2010-03-25 2013-07-05 Roquette Freres Compositions a base de matiere vegetale et procede de preparation de telles compositions
EP2675847B1 (de) * 2011-02-16 2018-08-08 Tecnaro Gesellschaft zur industriellen Anwendung nachwachsender Rohstoffe mbH Plastifizierbarer kunststoff-werkstoff auf der basis der naturpolymere polylactid und/oder lignin
CN102153804B (zh) * 2011-05-20 2013-03-20 刘立文 一种改性低密度聚乙烯复合材料及其制备方法
CN102161796B (zh) 2011-06-01 2012-07-04 刘立文 一种改性高密度聚乙烯复合材料及其制备方法
CN102229750B (zh) * 2011-06-28 2012-12-19 刘立文 一种改性聚丙烯复合材料及其制备工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170204229A1 (en) 2017-07-20
CA2944926C (en) 2018-11-20
JP6572235B2 (ja) 2019-09-04
JP2017516882A (ja) 2017-06-22
EP3129429A1 (en) 2017-02-15
CL2016002529A1 (es) 2017-01-06
CA2944926A1 (en) 2015-10-15
CN106133032A (zh) 2016-11-16
EP3129429A4 (en) 2018-01-03
US10087291B2 (en) 2018-10-02
CN106133032B (zh) 2019-12-31
WO2015154175A1 (en) 2015-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112016023164A2 (pt) processo para produção de um compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido, e, compósito termoplástico de fibra natural/amido
BR112016026677A2 (pt) rede e rolo de tabaco reconstituído reforçado e método para fabricação dos mesmos
AR104309A1 (es) Construcciones de anticuerpos biespecíficos para cdh3 y cd3
BR112017023516A2 (pt) composição de polímero reforçado com fibra, e, artigo.
BR112017023560A2 (pt) composição de polímero reforçada com fibra, e, artigo.
UY35484A (es) Molécula de unión de cadena simple que comprenden ABP de extremo N
BR112014011438B8 (pt) biomaterial ou biocompósito, uso de um compósito plástico-girassol, e, processo para a produção de um compósito plástico-girassol
CO2017011307A2 (es) Material compuesto que comprende por lo menos una resina termoplàstica y agramiza granular del cañamo y/o el lino
BR112012027633A2 (pt) processo para fabricar material estruturado, uso de géis de celulose nanofibrilares, e, material estruturado
BR112016007044A2 (pt) método de preparação de amido pré-gelatinizado, parcialmente hidrolisado e métodos e produtos relacionados
BR112013015303A2 (pt) material de construção acústico empregando quitosana
MX2017011073A (es) Metodo para fabricar materiales compuestos lignocelulosicos.
BR112015013093A2 (pt) processo para produzir um material compósito reforçado com fibra, com uma matriz de poliamida e material compósito reforçado com fibra.
BR112018012105A2 (pt) composição de polímero reforçada com fibra, e, artigo.
BR112016029528A2 (pt) ?método de produção de uma camada de reforço de fibra contínua a partir de mantas de fibras individuais?
BR112013017400A2 (pt) material compósito injetável reforçado por fibras naturais
BR112017026870A2 (pt) composição reforçada com fibra, artigo automotivo e espumado, e, uso de uma composição reforçada com fibra.
BR112013000171A2 (pt) material compósito de ligação de um material contendo celulose e de um material plástico
PH12016500622A1 (en) A modular structure and said modular structure`s structural members made of composite material
BR112015001668A2 (pt) componente híbrido e processo de produção
BR112018007902A2 (pt) componente compósito, turbina eólica, e, método para produzir um componente compósito.
TR201902604T4 (tr) Fi̇berglas kompozi̇ti̇, bunun cam fi̇beri̇ ve bunun kompozi̇t materyali̇.
JO3278B1 (ar) عناصر للبناء مركبة من اجل انشاء ابنية بطوابق عديدة
BR112018075917A2 (pt) composição compreendendo um material fibroso, um polímero de multiestágios e um polímero (met)acrílico, seu método de preparação e seu uso
BR112015007830A2 (pt) aumento do rendimento para plantas suscetíveis ao estresse

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B06U Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]
B07A Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]
B09B Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]
B12B Appeal against refusal [chapter 12.2 patent gazette]