BR112016021832B1 - SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT - Google Patents

Abstract

STERILIZATION CHECK CIRCUIT. The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument control circuit. The control circuit includes a primary processor, a security processor in signal communication with the primary processor, and a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor. The plurality of circuit segments comprise a storage verification segment configured to indicate when a surgical instrument has been correctly stored and sterilized.

Description

BACKGROUND

[0001] The present invention relates to surgical instruments and, in various circumstances, surgical stapling and cutting instruments, and staple cartridges therefor, which are designed to clamp and cut tissue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] The features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of obtaining them, will become more apparent, and the invention itself will be better understood, by reference to the following description of instances of the invention, considered in conjunction with the drawings in annex, in which:

[0003] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument comprising a power supply assembly, a handle assembly and an interchangeable shaft assembly.

[0004] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the surgical instrument of Figure 1 with the interchangeable shaft assembly separated from the handle assembly.

[0005] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the surgical instrument in Figure 1.

[0006] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments configured to control a powered surgical instrument.

[0007] Figure 5 illustrates a segmented circuit comprising a security processor configured to implement a surveillance function.

[0008] Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a segmented circuit comprising a security processor configured to monitor and compare a first property and a second property of a surgical instrument.

[0009] Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram illustrating a security process configured to be implemented by a security processor.

[00010] Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a four-by-four multiple switch comprising four input/output pins.

[00011] Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a four-by-four circuit comprising an input/output pin.

[00012] Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit comprising a four-by-four multiple switch coupled to a primary processor.

[00013] Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment of a process to sequentially energize a segmented circuit.

[00014] Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of a power supply segment comprising a plurality of power converters connected in series.

[00015] Figure 13 illustrates a modality of a segmented circuit configured to maximize the energy available for critical and/or power intensive functions.

[00016] Figure 14 illustrates an embodiment of a power supply system comprising a plurality of series-connected power converters configured to be energized sequentially.

[00017] Figure 15 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit comprising an isolated control section.

[00018] Figure 16 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit comprising an accelerometer.

[00019] Figure 17 illustrates a modality of a process for the sequential initialization of a segmented circuit.

[00020] Figure 18 illustrates an embodiment of a method 1950 for controlling a surgical instrument comprising a segmented circuit, such as the segmented control circuit 1602 illustrated in Figure 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[00021] The applicant for this application is the author of the following patent applications that were filed on March 1, 2013 and which are all incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety:

[00022] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,295, entitled "ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CONDUCTIVE PATHWAYS FOR SIGNAL COMMUNICATION";

[00023] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,323, entitled "ROTARY POWERED ARTICULATION JOINTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS";

[00024] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,338, entitled "THUMBWHEEL SWITCH ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS";

[00025] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,499, entitled "ELECTROMECHANICAL SURGICAL DEVICE WITH SIGNAL RELAY ARRANGEMENT";

[00026] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,460, entitled MULTIPLE PROCESSOR MOTOR CONTROL FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

[00027] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,358, entitled "JOYSTICK SWITCH ASSEMBLIES FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS";

[00028] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,481, entitled SENSOR STRAIGHTENED END EFFECTOR DURING REMOVAL THROUGH TROCAR;

[00029] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,518, entitled "CONTROL METHODS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH REMOVABLE IMPLEMENT PORTIONS";

[00030] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,375, entitled "ROTARY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM"; and

[00031] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/782,536 entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SOFT STOP are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[00032] The applicant for this application is also the author of the following patent applications that were filed on March 14, 2013 and which are each incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties:

[00033] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,097, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN FIRING DRIVE;

[00034] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,193, entitled CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE MEMBER OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;

[00035] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,053, entitled INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;

[00036] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,086, entitled "ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK";

[00037] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,210, entitled SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

[00038] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,148, entitled MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;

[00039] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,066, entitled DRIVE SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

[00040] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,117, entitled ARTICULATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

[00041] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,130, entitled DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

[00042] - US Patent Application Serial No. 13/803,159, entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT.

[00043] The applicant for this application also holds the following patent applications that were filed on the same date as this application and which are each incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties:

[00044] US Patent Application Serial No. entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A SENSOR SYSTEM (Attorney Document No. END7386USNP/130458);

[00045] U.S. Patent Application serial no., entitled POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Attorney Document No. END7387USNP/130459;

[00046] U.S. Patent Application serial no., titled VERIFICATION OF NUMBER OF BATTERY EXCHANGES/PROCEDURE COUNT, Attorney Document No. END7389USNP/130461;

[00047] U.S. Patent Application serial #, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SLEEP OPTIONS OF SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND WAKE UP CONTROL, Attorney Document # END7390USNP/130462;

[00048] US Patent Application Serial No., entitled MODULAR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES, Prosecutor Document No. END7391USNP/130463;

[00049] U.S. Patent Application serial no., entitled FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS FOR MANUAL BAILOUT SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Attorney Document no. END7392USNP/130464;

[00050] US Patent Application Serial No., entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT UTILIZING SENSOR ADAPTATION, Attorney Document No. END7393USNP/130465;

[00051] U.S. Patent Application serial no., titled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT HAVING A SAFETY PROCESSOR, Attorney Document no. END7394USNP/130466;

[00052] US Patent Application Serial No., entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS, Attorney Document No. END7395USNP/130467;

[00053] U.S. Patent Application serial no., entitled INTERFACE SYSTEMS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Attorney Document No. END7396USNP/130468;

[00054] US Patent Application Serial No., entitled MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, Attorney Document No. END7397USNP/130469;

[00055] U.S. Patent Application serial no., entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A SEGMENTED CIRCUIT, Attorney Document No. END7399USNP/130471;

[00056] U.S. Patent Application serial no., titled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND VARIABLE VOLTAGE PROTECTION, Attorney Document No. END7400USNP/130472;

[00057] US Patent Application Serial No., entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, Attorney Document No. END7401USNP/130473; and US Patent Application Serial No., entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT, Attorney Document No. END7402USNP/130474.

[00058] Certain exemplary embodiments will now be described to provide a general understanding of the principles of structure, function, fabrication and use of the devices and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of such embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments. Features illustrated or described in connection with an exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[00059] Throughout this descriptive report, the terms "various modalities", "some modalities", "a modality" or "the modality", or similar, mean that a specific resource, structure or characteristic described together with modality is included in at least one modality. In this way, the appearance of the expressions "in several ways", "in some ways", "in a way" or "in the way", or similar, in places throughout the descriptive report are not necessarily referring to the same way . Furthermore, the specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Therefore, the specific features, structures, or features illustrated or described in conjunction with one embodiment may be combined, in whole or in part, with the features or feature structures of one or more other embodiments, without limitation. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

[00060] The terms "proximal" and "distal" are used in the present invention with reference to a physician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term "proximal" refers to the portion closest to the practitioner, and the term "distal" refers to the portion located away from the practitioner. It will also be understood that, for the sake of convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as "vertical", "horizontal", "up" and "down" may be used in the present invention in connection with the drawings. However, surgical instruments can be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

[00061] Several exemplary devices and methods are provided for performing laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, one skilled in the art will readily understand that the various methods and devices disclosed herein can be used in a number of surgical procedures and applications including, for example, those in conjunction with open surgical procedures. As the present Detailed Description advances, those of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that the various instruments disclosed herein can be inserted into a body in any manner, such as through a natural orifice, through an incision or drilling formed in tissue, etc. . The functional portions or end actuator portions of the instruments may be inserted directly into a patient's body or may be inserted through an access device having a working channel through which the end actuator and the elongated rod of a Surgical instrument can be advanced.

[00062] Figures 1 to 3 generally represent a surgical instrument for fixation and cutting driven by motor 2000. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the surgical instrument 2000 may include a cable assembly 2002, a shaft assembly 2004, and a power pack 2006 ("power supply", "power pack" or "battery"). The shaft assembly 2004 may include an end actuator 2008 which, under certain circumstances, may be configured to act as an endocutter for clamping, cutting, separating, and/or stapling tissue, although, in other embodiments, different types of end actuators end can be used, such as end actuators for other types of surgical devices, grippers, cutters, staplers, clip applicators, access devices, drug/gene therapy devices, ultrasound devices, radiofrequency device, and/or devices to laser, for example. Various radio frequency devices can be found in US Patent No. 5,403,312 entitled ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE, which was issued on April 4, 1995, and US Patent Application Serial No. 12/031,573, entitled SURGICAL FASTENING AND CUTTING INSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES, filed on February 14, 2008, the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference in full.

[00063] Referring primarily to Figures 2 and 3, the cable assembly 2002 can be employed with a plurality of interchangeable shaft assemblies, such as, for example, the shaft assembly 2004. Such interchangeable shaft assemblies may comprise surgical end actuators such as the 2008 end actuator that can be configured to perform one or more tasks or surgical procedures. Examples of suitable interchangeable shaft assemblies are disclosed in US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/782,866, entitled CONTROL SYSTEM OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, and filed March 14, 2013, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its totality.

[00064] Referring primarily to Figure 2, the cable assembly 2002 may comprise a housing 2010 consisting of a cable 2012 that may be configured to be held, manipulated and actuated by a physician. However, it will be understood that various unique and innovative arrangements of the various forms of interchangeable shaft assemblies presented herein can also be effectively employed in connection with robotically controlled surgical systems. Accordingly, the term "enclosure" may also encompass a compartment or similar portion of a robotic system that houses or otherwise supports at least one drive system configured to generate and apply at least one control motion that can be used to actuate the sets of interchangeable rods described in the present invention and their respective equivalents. For example, the interchangeable shaft assemblies shown herein can be employed with various robotic systems, instruments, components and methods disclosed in US Patent Application Serial No. 13/118,241, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now Publication Application US Patent No. 2012/0298719, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

[00065] Again with reference to Figure 2, the cable assembly 2002 can operatively support a plurality of drive systems that can be configured to generate and apply various control movements to corresponding portions of the interchangeable shaft assembly that is operatively attached to it . For example, cable assembly 2002 may operatively support a first drive system or closing drive system, which may be employed to apply closing and opening motions to shaft assembly 2004 while operatively attached to or coupled to cable assembly 2002. In at least one form, cable assembly 2002 can operatively support a firing drive system that can be configured to apply firing motions to corresponding portions of the interchangeable shaft assembly attached thereto.

[00066] Referring primarily to Figure 3, the cable assembly 2002 may include a motor 2014, which may be controlled by a motor driver 2015 and may be employed by the surgical instrument trigger system 2000. In various forms, the motor 2014 can be a DC brush drive motor with a maximum speed of approximately 25,000 RPM, for example. In other arrangements, the 2014 motor may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable type of electric motor. In certain circumstances, motor driver 2015 may comprise an H-bridge field effect transistor (FET) 2019, as illustrated in Figure 3, for example. The motor 2014 may be powered by the power supply assembly 2006 (Figure 3) which may be releasably mounted to the cable assembly 2002 to provide control power to the surgical instrument 2000. The power supply assembly 2006 may comprise a battery which may include several battery cells connected in series which may be used as the power source to power the surgical instrument 2000. Under certain circumstances, the battery cells of the power pack 2006 may be replaceable and/or rechargeable. In at least one example, the battery cells may be lithium ion batteries that may be separably attachable to the 2006 power pack.

[00067] The axis assembly 2004 can include a axis assembly controller 2022 that can communicate with the power management controller 2016 through an interface while the axis assembly 2004 and the power assembly 2006 are coupled to the power assembly cable 2002. For example, the interface may comprise a first interface portion 2025 which may include one or more electrical connectors for mating engagement with corresponding electrical connectors of the axle assembly and a second interface portion 2027 which may include one or more electrical connectors for mating engagement with the corresponding electrical connectors of the power assembly to allow electrical communication between the 2022 axis assembly controller and the 2016 power management controller while the 2004 axis assembly and the 2006 power assembly are mated to cable assembly 2002. One or more communication signals may be transmitted over the interface for transmitting one or more of the power requirements of the attached interchangeable shaft assembly 2004 to the power management controller 2016. In response, the power management controller may modulate the power output of the battery of the power assembly 2006 as described below in more detail, according to the power needs of the 2004 fixed shaft assembly. In certain circumstances, one or more of the electrical connectors may comprise switches that can be activated upon mechanical coupling engagement of the cable assembly 2002 to the shaft assembly 2004 and/or the power assembly 2006 to allow electrical communication between the power assembly controller axis 2022 and the power management controller 2016.

[00068] In certain circumstances, the interface can facilitate the transmission of one or more communication signals between the power management controller 2016 and the axis assembly controller 2022 by routing these communication signals through a main controller 2017 residing in the cable set 2002, for example. In other circumstances, the interface may facilitate a direct line of communication between the power management controller 2016 and the axis assembly controller 2022 through the cable assembly 2002 while the axis assembly 2004 and power assembly 2006 are coupled to the cable set 2002.

[00069] In one case, the main 2017 microcontroller can be any single-core or multi-core processor, such as those known under the trade name ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. In one instance, the surgical instrument 2000 may comprise a power management controller 2016 such as, for example, a safety microcontroller platform comprising two microcontroller based families such as TMS570 and RM4x known under the trade name Hercules ARM Cortex R4, also by Texas Instruments. However, other suitable replacements for microcontrollers and security processors may be employed without limitation. In one case, the security processor can be configured specifically for security critical IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 applications, among others, to provide advanced built-in security features while providing scalable performance, connectivity and memory options.

[00070] In certain cases, the 2017 microcontroller may be an LM 4F230H5QR, available from Texas Instruments, for example. In at least one example, the Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR is an ARM Cortex-M4F processor core comprising an integrated 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or other non-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a transfer buffer for optimize performance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB serial single-cycle random access memory (SRAM), internal read-only memory (ROM) loaded with StellarisWare® software, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) of 2 KB, one or more pulse-width modulation (PWM) modules, one or more analog quadrature encoder input (QEI), one or more 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with 12 input channels analogues, among other resources that are readily available for the product data sheet. The present disclosure is not to be limited in this context.

[00071] The power supply assembly 2006 may include a power management circuit which may comprise the power management controller 2016, a power modulator 2038, and a current sensing circuit 2036. The power management circuit may be configured to modulate the power output of the battery based on the power needs of the axis assembly 2004 while the axis assembly 2004 and the power assembly 2006 are coupled to the cable assembly 2002. For example, the power management controller 2016 may be programmed to control the power modulator 2038 of the power pack 2006 power output and the current sensing circuit 2036 can be employed to monitor the power output of the power pack 2006 to provide feedback to the power management controller 2016 about the battery power output so that the 2016 power management controller can adjust the power output of the 2006 Power Pack to maintain a desired output.

[00072] It is noteworthy that the power management controller 2016 and/or the spindle assembly controller 2022 may each comprise one or more processors and/or memory units that may store various software modules. While certain modules and/or blocks of surgical instrument 2000 may be described by way of example, it can be understood that a greater or lesser number of modules and/or blocks may be used. Additionally, although many cases can be described in terms of modules and/or blocks for ease of description, these modules and/or blocks can be implemented by one or more hardware components, e.g. processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), circuits, registers and/or software components, e.g. programs, subroutines, logic and/or combinations of hardware and software components.

[00073] In certain cases, the surgical instrument 2000 may comprise an output device 2042 which may include one or more devices for providing sensory feedback to a user. Such devices may comprise, for example, visual feedback devices (e.g., a monitor with an LCD screen, LED indicators), auditory feedback devices (e.g., a loudspeaker, a bell) or haptic feedback devices (e.g., for example, haptic actuators). In certain circumstances, output device 2042 may comprise a screen 2043 that may be included in cable assembly 2002. Axis assembly controller 2022 and/or power management controller 2016 may provide feedback to a user of the surgical instrument 2000 through output device 2042. Interface 2024 may be configured to connect spindle assembly controller 2022 and/or power management controller 2016 to output device 2042. The reader will appreciate that output device 2042 can, instead, be integrated with the power supply assembly 2006. In these circumstances, communication between the output device 2042 and the axis assembly controller 2022 can be done through the interface 2024 while the axis assembly 2004 is coupled to the axis assembly 2024. cape 2002.

[00074] Having described a Surgical Instrument 2000 in general terms, the description now turns to a detailed description of various electrical/electronic components of the Surgical Instrument 2000. For convenience, any references below to the Surgical Instrument 2000 should be considered to refer to the surgical instrument 2000 shown in relation to Figures 1 to 3. Reference is now made to Figure 4, where one embodiment of a segmented circuit 1000 comprising a plurality of circuit segments 1002a-1002g is illustrated. The segmented circuit 1000 comprising the plurality of circuit segments 1002a-1002g is configured to control a powered surgical instrument, such as, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, without limitation. The plurality of circuitry segments 1002a-1002g are configured to control one or more operations of powered surgical instrument 2000. A backup processor segment 1002a (segment 1) comprises a backup processor 1004. A primary processor segment 1002b (segment 2) ) comprises a primary processor 1006. The backup processor 1004 and/or the primary processor 1006 are configured to interface with one or more additional circuit segments 1002c-1002g to control the operation of the powered surgical instrument 2000. The primary processor 1006 comprises a a plurality of inputs coupled to, for example, one or more circuit segments 1002c-1002g, a battery 1008, and/or a plurality of switches 1058a-1070. The segmented circuit 1000 may be implemented by any suitable circuit, such as a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) within the powered surgical instrument 2000. It should be understood that the term processor as used here, it includes any microprocessor, microcontroller, or other basic computing device that incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on an integrated circuit or at most a few integrated circuits. The processor is a multipurpose programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. This is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Processors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system.

[00075] In one embodiment, the main processor 1006 can be any single-core or multi-core processor, such as those known under the tradename ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. In one embodiment, the security processor 1004 may be a security microcontroller platform comprising two microcontroller based families such as TMS570 and RM4x known under the tradename Hercules ARM Cortex R4, also by Texas Instruments. However, other suitable replacements for microcontrollers and security processors may be employed without limitation. In one embodiment, security processor 1004 can be configured specifically for IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 security critical applications, among others, to provide advanced built-in security features while providing scalable performance, connectivity, and memory options.

[00076] In certain cases, the main processor 1006 may be an LM 4F230H5QR, available from Texas Instruments, for example. In at least one example, the Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR is an ARM Cortex-M4F processor core comprising an integrated 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or other non-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a transfer buffer for optimize performance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB serial single-cycle random access memory (SRAM), internal read-only memory (ROM) loaded with StellarisWare® software, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) of 2 KB, one or more pulse-width modulation (PWM) modules, one or more analog quadrature encoder input (QEI), one or more 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with 12 input channels analogues, among other resources that are readily available for the product data sheet. Other processors can easily be substituted and, accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be limited in this context.

[00077] In one embodiment, the segmented circuit 1000 comprises an acceleration segment 1002c (segment 3). Acceleration segment 1002c comprises an acceleration sensor 1022. Acceleration sensor 1022 may comprise, for example, an accelerometer. Acceleration sensor 1022 is configured to detect movement or acceleration of powered surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, input from acceleration sensor 1022 is used, for example, to transition to and from a sleep mode, identify orientation of the energized surgical instrument, and/or identify when the surgical instrument was dropped. In some embodiments, acceleration segment 1002c is coupled to security processor 1004 and/or primary processor 1006.

[00078] In one embodiment, the segmented circuit 1000 comprises a display segment 1002d (segment 4). Display segment 1002d comprises a screen connector 1024 coupled to primary processor 1006. Screen connector 1024 couples primary processor 1006 to a screen 1028 via one or more screen driver integrated circuits 1026. Screen driver integrated circuits 1026 may be integrated with screen 1028 and/or may be located separately from screen 1028. Screen 1028 may comprise any suitable screen, such as, for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screen, a liquid crystal display ( LCD), and/or any other suitable screen. In some embodiments, display segment 1002d is coupled to security processor 1004.

[00079] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1000 comprises an axis segment 1002e (segment 5). Shaft segment 1002e comprises one or more controls for a shaft 2004 coupled to surgical instrument 2000 and/or one or more controls for an end actuator 2006 coupled to shaft 2004. Shaft segment 1002e comprises a shaft connector 1030 configured to coupling the primary processor 1006 to an axis PCBA 1031. The axis PCBA 1031 comprises a first articulation key 1036, a second articulation key 1032, and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) of the axis PCBA 1034. In some embodiments, the 1034 axis PCBA EEPROM comprises one or more parameters, routines, and/or programs specific to the 2004 axis and/or the 1031 axis PCBA. The 1031 axis PCBA can be coupled to the 2004 axis and and/or integral with the surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, the spindle segment 1002e comprises a second spindle EEPROM 1038. The second spindle EEPROM 1038 comprises a plurality of algorithms, routines, parameters, and/or u other data corresponding to one or more shafts 2004 and/or end actuators 2006 that can interface with the powered surgical instrument 2000.

[00080] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1000 comprises a position encoder segment 1002f (segment 6). Position encoder segment 1002f comprises one or more rotary magnetic position encoders 1040a-1040b. The one or more rotary magnetic position encoders 1040a-1040b are configured to identify the rotational position of a motor 1048, a shaft 2004, and/or an end actuator 2006 of the surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, the rotary encoders position rotary magnets 1040a-1040b may be coupled to security processor 1004 and/or primary processor 1006.

[00081] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1000 comprises a motor segment 1002g (segment 7). Motor segment 1002g comprises a motor 1048 configured to control one or more movements of powered surgical instrument 2000. Motor 1048 is coupled to primary processor 1006 by an H-bridge driver 1042 and one or more H-bridge field-effect transistors (FETs) 1044. H-bridge FETs 1044 are coupled to safety processor 1004. A motor current sensor 1046 is coupled in series with motor 1048 to measure the current draw of motor 1048. Motor current sensor 1046 is in signal communication with primary processor 1006 and/or backup processor 1004. In some embodiments, motor 1048 is coupled to an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter of motor 1050.

[00082] The segmented circuit 1000 comprises a power segment 1002h (segment 8). A battery 1008 is coupled to the backup processor 1004, the primary processor 1006, and one or more of the additional circuit segments 1002c-1002g. The battery 1008 is coupled to the segmented circuit 1000 by a battery connector 1010 and a current sensor 1012. The current sensor 1012 is configured to measure the total current draw of the segmented circuit 1000. In some embodiments, one or more Voltage 1014a, 1014b, 1016 are configured to supply predetermined voltage values to one or more circuit segments 1002a-1002g. For example, in some embodiments, segment circuit 1000 may comprise 3.3V voltage converters 1014a-1014b and/or 5V voltage converters 1016. A voltage boost converter 1018 is configured to provide a voltage boost up to a predetermined amount, such as up to 13 V. The voltage boost converter 1018 is configured to provide additional voltage and/or current during power intensive operations and prevents blackout or low power conditions.

[00083] In some embodiments, the security segment 1002a comprises a motor power switch 1020. The motor power switch 1020 is coupled between the power segment 1002h and the motor segment 1002g. Security segment 1002a is configured to interrupt power to motor segment 1002g when an error or fault condition is detected by security processor 1004 and/or primary processor 1006, as discussed further in the present invention. Although circuit segments 1002a-1002g are illustrated with all components of circuit segments 1002a-1002h located in close physical proximity, one skilled in the art will understand that a circuit segment 1002a-1002h may comprise components that are physically and/or electrically separate from each other. components of the same circuit segment 1002a-1002g. In some embodiments, one or more components may be shared between two or more circuit segments 1002a-1002g.

[00084] In some embodiments, a plurality of switches 1056-1070 are coupled to the security processor 1004 and/or the primary processor 1006. The plurality of switches 1056-1070 can be configured to control one or more operations of the surgical instrument 2000, controlling one or more operations of segmented circuit 1100, and/or indicating a status of surgical instrument 2000. For example, a bailout port switch 1056 is configured to indicate the status of the bailout port. A plurality of pivot keys, such as a left side pivot key for the left side 1058a, a right side pivot key for the left side 1060a, a center pivot key for the left side 1062a, a a right-hand pivot left-side key 1058b, a right-hand pivot right-side key 1060b, and a right-hand pivot center switch 1062b are configured to control articulation of a shaft 2004 and/or a end actuator 2006. A left-hand reverse switch 1064a and a right-hand reverse switch 1064b are coupled to the primary processor 1006. In some embodiments, the left-hand switches comprise the left-hand pivoting left-hand switch 1058a , left-hand pivot right-side key 1060a, left-side pivot center key 1062a, and left-side reverse key 1064a are coupled to the primary processor 1006 by a left bending connector 1072a. The right side keys comprising the right side pivoting left side key 1058b, the right side pivoting right side key 1060b, the right side pivoting center key 1062b, and the right side pivoting reverse key 1062b 1064b are coupled to the primary processor 1006 by a right bending connector 1072b. In some embodiments, a trigger switch 1066, a jaw release switch 1068, and a shaft-engaged switch 1070 are coupled to the primary processor 1006.

[00085] The plurality of switches 1056-1070 may comprise, for example, a plurality of handle controls mounted on a surgical instrument handle 2000, a plurality of indicator switches, and/or any combination thereof. In various embodiments, the plurality of switches 1056-1070 allow a surgeon to manipulate the surgical instrument, provide feedback to the segmented circuit 1000 regarding the position and/or operation of the surgical instrument, and/or indicate unsafe operation of the surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, additional keys or fewer keys can be coupled to the segmented circuit 1000, one or more of the keys 1056-1070 can be combined into a single key, and/or expanded to multiple keys. For example, in one embodiment, one or more of the left and/or right pivot switches 1058a-1064b can be combined into a single multiposition switch.

[00086] Figure 5 illustrates a segmented circuit 1100 comprising an embodiment of a security processor 1104 configured to implement a surveillance function, among other security operations. Security processor 1004 and primary processor 1106 of segment circuit 1100 are in signal communication. A plurality of circuit segments 1102c-1102h are coupled to the primary processor 1106 and are configured to control one or more operations of a surgical instrument, such as, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. For example, in the embodiment Illustrated, segmented circuit 1100 comprises an acceleration segment 1102c, a display segment 1102d, an axis segment 1102e, an encoder segment 1102f, a motor segment 1102g, and a power segment 1102h. Circuit segments 1102c-1102g may each be coupled to security processor 1104 and/or primary processor 1106. The primary processor is also coupled to flash memory 1186. A microprocessor run signal is provided at output 1196.

[00087] The acceleration segment 1102c comprises an accelerometer 1122 configured to monitor the movement of the surgical instrument 2000. In various embodiments, the accelerometer 1122 may be a single, dual, or triple axis accelerometer. Accelerometer 1122 can be employed to measure appropriate acceleration which is not necessarily coordinate acceleration (rate of change of velocity). Instead, the accelerometer sees the acceleration associated with the weight phenomenon experienced by a test mass at rest in the reference frame of accelerometer 1122. For example, accelerometer 1122 at rest on the Earth's surface will measure an acceleration g=9 .8 m/s2 (gravity) straight up due to its weight. Another type of acceleration that accelerometer 1122 can measure is g-force acceleration. In various other embodiments, accelerometer 1122 can comprise a single, dual, or triple axis accelerometer. Additionally, acceleration segment 1102c may comprise one or more inertial sensors for detecting and measuring acceleration, pitch, impact, vibration, rotation, and multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoF). A suitable inertial sensor may comprise an accelerometer (single, dual or triple axis), a magnetometer for measuring a magnetic field in space such as Earth's magnetic field, and/or a gyroscope for measuring angular velocity.

[00088] The display segment 1102d comprises a screen fitted to the surgical instrument 2000, such as, for example, an OLED screen. In certain embodiments, surgical instrument 2000 may comprise an output device that may include one or more devices for providing sensory feedback to a user. Such devices may comprise, for example, visual feedback devices (e.g., a monitor with an LCD screen, LED indicators), auditory feedback devices (e.g., a loudspeaker, a bell) or haptic feedback devices (e.g., for example, haptic actuators). In some aspects, the output device may comprise a display that may be included in cable assembly 2002, as illustrated in Figure 1. The axis assembly controller and/or power management controller may provide feedback to a user of the surgical instrument 2000 through the output device. An interface can be configured to connect the spindle assembly controller and/or power management controller to the output device.

[00089] The shaft segment 1102e comprises a shaft circuit board 1131, such as, for example, a shaft PCB, configured to control one or more operations of a shaft 2004 and/or an end actuator 2006 coupled to the rod 2004 and a 1170 Hall effect switch to indicate shaft engagement. The spindle circuit board 1131 also includes a low power microprocessor 1190 with ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) technology, a mechanical linkage switch 1192, a spindle release Hall effect switch 1194, and a flash memory 1134 Encoder segment 1102f comprises a plurality of motor encoders 1140a, 1140b configured to provide information about the rotational position of a motor 1048, shaft 2004, and/or end actuator 2006.

[00090] The motor segment 1102g comprises a motor 1048, such as a brushed DC motor. Motor 1048 is coupled to primary processor 1106 through a plurality of H-bridge drivers 1142 and a motor controller 1143. Motor controller 1143 controls a first motor indicator 1174a and a second motor indicator 1174b to indicate status and the position of motor 1048 to primary processor 1106. Primary processor 1106 provides a high pulse width modulation (PWM) signal 1176a, a low PWM signal 1176b, a direction signal 1178, a sync signal 1180, and a reset signal from motor 1182 to motor controller 1143 via a buffer 1184. Power segment 1102h is configured to supply a segment voltage to each of circuit segments 1102a-1102g.

[00091] In one embodiment, security processor 1104 is configured to implement a watchdog function with respect to one or more circuit segments 1102c-1102h, such as, for example, motor segment 1102g. In this regard, security processor 1104 employs the watchdog function to detect and recover from primary processor failures 10006. During normal operation, security processor 1104 monitors primary processor 1104 hardware failures or program errors and initiates corrective action or actions. Corrective actions may include placing primary processor 10006 in a safe state and restoring normal system operation. In one embodiment, security processor 1104 is coupled to at least one first sensor. The first sensor measures a first property of surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, security processor 1104 is configured to compare the measured property of surgical instrument 2000 to a predetermined value. For example, in one embodiment, a motor sensor 1140a is coupled to safety processor 1104. Motor sensor 1140a provides motor speed and position information to safety processor 1104. Safety processor 1104 monitors motor sensor 1104. motor 1140a and compares the value to a maximum speed and/or position value and prevents operation of motor 1048 above predetermined values. In some embodiments, the predetermined values are calculated based on the real-time speed and/or position of the motor 1048, calculated from values provided by a second motor sensor 1140b in communication with the primary processor 1106, and/or provided to the security processor 1104 from, for example, a memory module coupled to security processor 1104.

[00092] In some embodiments, a second sensor is coupled to primary processor 1106. The second sensor is configured to measure the first physical property. Security processor 1104 and primary processor 1106 are configured to provide a signal indicative of the value of the first sensor and the second sensor, respectively. When the security processor 1104 or the primary processor 1106 indicates a value outside an acceptable range, the segmented circuit 1100 prevents the operation of at least one of the circuit segments 1102c-1102h, such as, for example, the motor segment 1102g. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, the security processor 1104 is coupled to a first engine position sensor 1140a and the primary processor 1106 is coupled to a second engine position sensor 1140b. Engine position sensors 1140a, 1140b may comprise any suitable engine position sensor, such as, for example, a rotary magnetic angle input comprising a sine and cosine output. Engine position sensors 1140a, 1140b provide respective signals to safety processor 1104 and primary processor 1106 indicative of the position of engine 1048.

[00093] The security processor 1104 and the primary processor 1106 generate an activation signal when the values of the first motor sensor 1140a and the second motor sensor 1140b are within a predetermined range. When the primary processor 1106 or the security processor 1104 detects a value outside the predetermined range, the activation signal is interrupted and the operation of at least one segment of the circuit 1102c-1102h, such as, for example, the motor segment 1102g, is interrupted and/or prevented. For example, in some embodiments, the activation signal from primary processor 1106 and the activation signal from security processor 1104 are coupled to an AND gate. The AND gate is coupled to a motor power switch 1120. The AND gate maintains the motor power switch 1120 in a closed position or in the position when the activation signal from the security processor 1104 and the primary processor 1106 are high, indicating a value from the motor sensors 1140a, 1140b within the predetermined range. When any one of the motor sensors 1140a, 1140b detects a value outside the predetermined range, the activation signal from that motor sensor 1140a, 1140b is low and the AND gate output is low, opening the motor power switch 1120. In some embodiments, the value of the first sensor 1140a and the second sensor 1140b are compared, for example, by the security processor 1104 and/or the primary processor 1106. When the values of the first sensor and the second sensor are different, the security processor 1104 and/or primary processor 1106 may prevent engine thread 1102g from functioning.

[00094] In some embodiments, the security processor 1104 receives a signal indicative of the value of the second sensor 1140b and compares the value of the second sensor to the value of the first sensor. For example, in one embodiment, the security processor 1104 is directly coupled to a first engine sensor 1140a. A second engine sensor 1140b is coupled to a primary processor 1106, which provides the value from the second engine sensor 1140b to security processor 1104, and/or directly coupled to security processor 1104. Security processor 1104 compares the value of the first motor sensor 1140 to the value of the second motor sensor 1140b. When the safety processor 1104 detects a mismatch between the first motor sensor 1140a and the second motor sensor 1140b, the safety processor 1104 may stop the motor segment 1102g from functioning, for example, by cutting power sent to the motor segment. 1102g.

[00095] In some embodiments, the security processor 1104 and/or the primary processor 1106 is coupled to a first sensor 1140a configured to measure a first property of a surgical instrument and a second sensor 1140b configured to measure a second property of the surgical instrument . The first property and the second property comprise a predetermined relationship when the surgical instrument is operating normally. Security processor 1104 monitors the first property and the second property. When a first property and/or second property value inconsistent with the predetermined relationship is detected, a failure occurs. When a failure occurs, the security processor 1104 takes at least one action, such as, for example, preventing the operation of at least one of the circuit segments, performing a predetermined operation and/or resetting the primary processor 1106. security processor 1104 may open motor power switch 1120 to cut power to motor circuit segment 1102g when a fault is detected.

[00096] Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a segmented circuit 1200 comprising a security processor 1204 configured to monitor and compare a first property and a second property of a surgical instrument, such as the instrument 1 to 3. The security processor 1204 is coupled to a first sensor 1246 and a second sensor 1266. The first sensor 1246 is configured to monitor a first physical property of the surgical instrument 2000. The second sensor 1266 is configured to monitor a second physical property of the surgical instrument 2000. The first and second properties comprise a predetermined relationship when the surgical instrument 2000 is operating normally. For example, in one embodiment, the first sensor 1246 comprises a motor current sensor configured to monitor current draw of a motor from a power supply. Motor current draw can be indicative of motor speed. The second sensor comprises a linear Hall sensor configured to monitor the position of a cutting element within an end actuator, for example an end actuator 2006 coupled to surgical instrument 2000. The position of the cutting member is used to calculate the speed of the cutting element within the end actuator 2006. The speed of the cutting element has a predetermined relationship with the speed of the motor when the surgical instrument 2000 is operating normally.

[00097] The security processor 1204 provides a signal to the main processor 1206 indicating that the first sensor 1246 and the second sensor 1266 are producing values compatible with the predetermined ratio. When the security processor 1204 detects a value from the first sensor 1246 and/or the second sensor 1266 incompatible with the predetermined relationship, the security processor 1206 indicates an unsafe condition to the primary processor 1206. The primary processor 1206 interrupts and/or prevents the operation of at least one segment of the circuit. In some embodiments, security processor 1204 is directly coupled to a switch configured to control the operation of one or more circuit segments. For example, referring to Figure 5, in one embodiment, the safety processor 1104 is coupled directly to a motor power switch 1120. The safety processor 1104 opens the motor power switch 1120 to prevent the motor segment from operating. 1102g engine when a fault is detected.

[00098] Referring again to Figure 5, in one embodiment, security processor 1104 is configured to perform an independent control algorithm. In operation, security processor 1104 monitors segmented circuit 1100 and is configured to independently control and/or override signals from other circuit components, such as primary processor 1106. The safety processor 1104 may execute a pre-programmed algorithm and/or may be updated or programmed instantly during operation based on one or more actions and/or positions of the surgical instrument 2000. For example, in one embodiment, the safety processor 1104 security 1104 is reprogrammed with new parameters and/or security algorithms each time a new axis and/or end actuator is coupled to surgical instrument 2000. In some embodiments, one or more security values stored by security processor 1104 are duplicated by the primary processor 1106. Bidirectional error detection is done to ensure that the values and/or parameters stored by any of the processors 1104, 1106 are correct.

[00099] In some embodiments, security processor 1104 and primary processor 1106 implement a redundant security check. Backup processor 1104 and primary processor 1106 provide periodic signals that indicate normal operation. For example, during operation, security processor 1104 may indicate to primary processor 1106 that security processor 1104 is executing code and is functioning normally. Primary processor 1106 may similarly indicate to security processor 1104 that primary processor 1106 is executing code and functioning normally. In some embodiments, communication between security processor 1104 and primary processor 1106 occurs at a predetermined interval. The predetermined interval can be constant or it can be variable based on the state of the circuit and/or the operation of the surgical instrument 2000.

[000100] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a security process 1250 configured to be implemented by a security processor, such as, for example, the security process 1104 illustrated in Figure 5. In one embodiment, values corresponding to a plurality of properties of a surgical instrument 2000 are provided to security processor 1104. The plurality of properties are monitored by a plurality of independent sensors and/or systems. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a measured speed of the cutter 1252, a propositional speed of the motor 1254, and an intended signal direction of the motor 1256 are provided to a security processor 1104. The speed of the cutter 1252 and the propositional speed of motor 1254 can be provided by independent sensors, such as a linear Hall sensor and a current sensor, respectively. The intended direction of the motor signal 1256 may be provided by a primary processor, for example primary processor 1106 illustrated in Figure 5. Security processor 1104 compares 1258 the plurality of properties and determines when the properties match a predetermined relationship. . When the plurality of properties comprise values inconsistent with the predetermined relationship 1260a, no action is taken 1262. When the plurality of properties comprise values inconsistent with the predetermined relationship 1260b, security processor 1104 performs one or more actions, such as, blocking a function, executing a function, and/or resetting a processor. For example, in the process 1250 illustrated in Figure 7, the safety processor 1104 stops one or more circuit segments from functioning, such as by interrupting power 1264 to a motor segment.

[000101] With reference again to Figure 5, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises a plurality of switches 1156-1170 configured to control one or more operations of the surgical instrument 2000. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises a release key jaw release switch 1168, a firing trigger 1166, and a plurality of switches 1158a-1164b configured to control articulation of a shaft 2004 and/or end actuator 2006 coupled to the surgical instrument 2000. The jaw release switch 1168, the trigger trigger 1166, and the plurality of toggle keys 1158a-1164b may comprise analog and/or digital keys. In particular, key 1156 indicates the down position of the mechanical switch elevator, keys 1158a, 1158b indicate hinged left (1) and (2), keys 1160a, 1160b indicate hinged right (1) and (2) , keys 1162a, 1162b indicate pivot center (1) and (2), and keys 1164a, 1164b indicate reverse/left and reverse/right.

[000102] For example, Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a multiple switch 1300 comprising a plurality of switches SW1-SW16 configured to control one or more operations of a surgical instrument. Multiple switch 1300 may be coupled to a primary processor, such as primary processor 1106. In some embodiments, one or more diodes D1-D8 are coupled to the plurality of switches SW1-SW16. Any suitable mechanical, electromechanical, or solid-state switches may be employed to implement the plurality of switches 1156-1170, in any combination. For example, switches 1156-1170 can limit switches operated by movement of components associated with surgical instrument 2000 or the presence of an object. These switches may be employed to control various functions associated with the surgical instrument 2000. A limit switch is an electromechanical device consisting of an actuator mechanically linked to a set of contacts. When an object comes into contact with the actuator, the device operates the contacts to make or break an electrical connection. Limit switches are used in a variety of applications and environments because of their robustness, ease of installation, and reliability of operation. They can determine the presence or absence, passage, positioning and end of displacement of an object. In other implementations, switches 1156-1170 can be solid state switches that operate under the influence of a magnetic field such as Hall effect devices, magneto-resistive (MR) devices, giant magneto-resistive (GMR) devices, magnetometers, among others. others. In other implementations, switches 1156-1170 may be solid state switches that operate under the influence of light, such as optical sensors, infrared sensors, ultraviolet sensors, among others. In addition, switches 1156-1170 can be solid state devices such as transistors (eg, FET, junction FET, metal oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET), bipolar, and the like). Other switches may include wireless switches, ultrasonic switches, accelerometers, inertia sensors, and more.

[000103] Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a multiple key 1350 comprising a plurality of keys. In various embodiments, one or more switches are configured to control one or more operations of a surgical instrument, such as, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. A plurality of switches SW1-SW16 are configured to control the joint of a shaft 2004 and/or end actuator 2006 coupled to the surgical instrument 2000. A firing trigger 1366 is configured to fire the surgical instrument 2000, for example, to position a plurality of staples, move a cutting member within the actuator end cap 2006, and/or provide electrosurgical power to end actuator 2006. In some embodiments, the multiswitch 1350 comprises one or more safety switches configured to prevent operation of the surgical instrument 2000. For example, a bailout switch 1356 is coupled to a bailout port and prevents operation of the surgical instrument 2000 when the bailout port is in an open position.

[000104] Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit 1400 comprising a multiple key 1450 coupled to the primary processor 1406. The multiple key 1450 is similar to the multiple key 1350 illustrated in Figure 9. The multiple key 1450 comprises a plurality of keys SW1-SW16 configured to control one or more operations of a surgical instrument, such as, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. Multiswitch 1450 is coupled to an analog input of primary processor 1406. Each of the switches within multiswitch 1450 is further coupled to an input/output expander 1463 coupled to a digital input of primary processor 1406. Primary processor 1406 receives input from multiswitch 1450 and controls one or more additional segments of segmented circuit 1400, such as, for example, a segment of motor 1402g in response to manipulation of one or more keys of multikey 1450.

[000105] In some embodiments, a potentiometer 1469 is coupled to the primary processor 1406 to provide a signal indicative of a grip position of an end actuator 2006 coupled to the surgical instrument 2000. The potentiometer 1469 can replace and/or supplement a security (not shown) by providing a signal indicative of an open/closed position of the claw used by primary processor 1106 to control the operation of one or more circuit segments, such as, for example, motor segment 1102g. For example, when potentiometer 1469 indicates that end actuator is in a fully closed position and/or a fully open position, primary processor 1406 may open motor power switch 1420 and prevent further operation of motor segment 1402g at a specific direction. In some embodiments, primary processor 1406 controls the current delivered to motor segment 1402g in response to a signal received from potentiometer 1469. For example, primary processor 1406 may limit the power that can be delivered to motor segment 1402g when the potentiometer 1469 indicates that the end actuator is closed beyond a predetermined position.

[000106] Referring again to Figure 5, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises an acceleration segment 1102c. The acceleration segment comprises an accelerometer 1122. The accelerometer 1122 may be coupled to the backup processor 1104 and/or the primary processor 1106. The accelerometer 1122 is configured to monitor the movement of the surgical instrument 2000. The accelerometer 1122 is configured to generate a or more signals indicative of movement in one or more directions. For example, in some embodiments, accelerometer 1122 is configured to monitor movement of surgical instrument 2000 in three directions. In other embodiments, acceleration segment 1102c comprises a plurality of accelerometers 1122, each configured to monitor movement in one direction of the signal.

[000107] In some embodiments, the accelerometer 1122 is configured to initiate a transition to and/or from a suspended mode, for example, between the suspended mode and the waking mode and vice versa. The sleep mode may comprise a low power mode in which one or more of the circuit segments 1102a-1102g are disabled or placed in a low power state. For example, in one embodiment, accelerometer 1122 remains active in sleep mode and security processor 1104 is placed in a low-power mode in which security processor 1104 monitors accelerometer 1122, but otherwise performs no function. The remaining circuit segments 1102b-1102g are disconnected from power. In various embodiments, primary processor 1104 and/or backup processor 1106 are configured to monitor accelerometer 1122 and transition segmented circuit 1100 to sleep mode, for example, when no motion is detected in a predetermined period of time. . While described in relation to monitoring by security processor 1104 of accelerometer 1122, sleep mode/wake mode may be implemented by security processor 1104 monitoring any of the sensors, switches, or other indicators associated with surgical instrument 2000, as described herein. . For example, security processor 1104 may monitor an inertial sensor, or one or more switches.

[000108] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1100 transitions to the suspended mode after a predetermined period of inactivity. A timer is in signal communication with the 1104 security processor and/or the 1106 primary processor. The timer may be integral with the 1104 security processor, the 1106 primary processor, and/or it may be a separate circuit component. . The timer is configured to monitor a period of time since the last movement of surgical instrument 2000 was detected by accelerometer 1122. When the counter exceeds a predetermined threshold, security processor 1104 and/or primary processor 1106 transitions the circuit segmented 1100 for sleep mode. In some embodiments, the timer is reset each time accelerometer 1122 detects motion.

[000109] In some embodiments, all circuit segments, except for the accelerometer 1122, or other sensors and/or designated switches and the security processor 1104, are disabled when in suspended mode. Security processor 1104 monitors accelerometer 1122, or other designated sensors and/or switches. When accelerometer 1122 indicates movement of surgical instrument 2000, security processor 1104 initiates a transition from suspended mode to operational mode. In operational mode, all circuit segments 1102a-1102h are fully energized and the surgical instrument 2000 is ready for use. In some embodiments, security processor 1104 transitions segmented circuitry 1100 to operating mode by providing a signal to primary processor 1106 to transition primary processor 1106 from sleep mode to a full power mode. Primary processor 1106 then transitions each of the remaining circuit segments 1102d-1102h into operational mode.

[000110] The transition to and/or from suspended mode may comprise a plurality of stages. For example, in one embodiment, the segment circuit 1100 transitions from the operating mode to the suspended mode in four stages. The first stage is initiated after the accelerometer 1122 has not detected movement of the surgical instrument for a first predetermined period of time. After the first predetermined period of time, the segment circuit 1100 turns on a backlight of the display segment 1102d. When no motion is detected within a second predetermined period, security processor 1104 transitions to a second stage, in which the backlight of display segment 1102d is turned off. When no motion is detected within a third predetermined period of time, security processor 1104 transitions to a third stage, in which the polling rate of accelerometer 1122 is reduced. When no motion is detected within a fourth predetermined time period, display segment 1102d is deactivated and segmented circuit 1100 enters a suspended mode. In sleep mode, all circuit segments except the accelerometer 1122 and the security processor 1104 are disabled. Security processor 1104 enters a low power mode in which security processor 1104 only polls accelerometer 1122. Security processor 1104 monitors accelerometer 1122 until accelerometer 1122 detects motion, at which point security processor 1104 does transitioning segmented circuit 1100 from sleep mode to operating mode.

[000111] In some embodiments, the security processor 1104 makes the transition from the segmented circuit 1100 to the operational mode only when the accelerometer 1122 detects movement of the surgical instrument 2000 above a predetermined limit. Responding only to movement above a predetermined threshold, security processor 1104 prevents inadvertent transition of segmented circuit 1100 into operational mode when surgical instrument 2000 is bumped or moved while stored. In some embodiments, accelerometer 1122 is configured to monitor movement in a plurality of directions. For example, accelerometer 1122 can be configured to detect motion in a first direction and a second direction. Security processor 1104 monitors accelerometer 1122 and transitions segmented circuit 1100 from sleep mode to operational mode when motion above a predetermined threshold is detected in the first direction and in the second direction. By requiring movement above a predetermined threshold in at least two directions, security processor 1104 is configured to prevent inadvertent transition of segmented circuit 1100 from sleep mode due to accidental movement during storage.

[000112] In some embodiments, the accelerometer 1122 is configured to detect motion in a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction. Security processor 1104 monitors accelerometer 1122 and is configured to transition segmented circuit 1100 from sleep mode only when accelerometer 1122 detects oscillating motion in each of the first direction, second direction, and third direction. In some embodiments, oscillating motion in each of a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction corresponds to movement of the surgical instrument 2000 by an operator, and therefore, transition to the operating mode is desirable when accelerometer 1122 detects motion. oscillating in three directions.

[000113] In some embodiments, as the time since the last detected movement increases, the predetermined movement threshold required for the segmented circuit 1100 to exit suspend mode also increases. For example, in some embodiments, the timer continues to run during suspend mode. As the timer count increases, security processor 1104 increases the predetermined motion threshold necessary for segmented circuit 1100 to enter operational mode. Security processor 1104 may increase the predetermined limit to an upper limit. For example, in some embodiments, security processor 1104 transitions segmented circuit 1100 to sleep mode and resets the timer. The predetermined movement limit is initially set at a low value, requiring only a small movement of the surgical instrument 2000 to bring the segmented circuit 1100 out of sleep mode. As the time since transitioning to suspend mode, as measured by the timer, increases, security processor 1104 increases the predetermined motion limit. At time T, security processor 1104 has increased the predetermined limit to an upper limit. For all T+ times, the predetermined limit maintains a constant value of the upper limit.

[000114] In some embodiments, one or more additional and/or alternate sensors are used to transition the segmented circuit 1100 between sleep mode and operational mode. For example, in one embodiment, a touch sensor is located on the surgical instrument 2000. The touch sensor is coupled to the security processor 1104 and/or the primary processor 1106. The touch sensor is configured to detect user contact with the surgical instrument 2000. For example, the touch sensor may be located on the handle of the surgical instrument 2000 to detect when an operator picks up the surgical instrument 2000. The security processor 1104 transitions the segmented circuit 1100 to the suspended mode after a predetermined period has passed without accelerometer 1122 detecting motion. The security processor 1104 monitors the touch sensor and switches the segmented circuit 1100 to operational mode when the touch sensor detects user contact with the surgical instrument 2000. The touch sensor may comprise, for example, a capacitive touch sensor , a temperature sensor, and/or any other suitable touch sensor. In some embodiments, the touch sensor and accelerometer 1122 can be used to transition the device between sleep mode and operating mode. For example, the security processor 1104 can only transition the device to sleep mode when the accelerometer 1122 has not detected movement within a predetermined period and the touch sensor does not indicate that a user is in contact with the surgical instrument 2000. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more additional sensors can be used to transition segmented circuit 1100 between sleep mode and operational mode. In some embodiments, the touch sensor is only monitored by security processor 1104 when segmented circuit 1100 is in sleep mode.

[000115] In some embodiments, the security processor 1104 is configured to pass the segmented circuit 1100 from suspended mode to operational mode when one or more cable controls are actuated. Upon transition to sleep mode, such as after accelerometer 1122 has not detected movement for a predetermined period, security processor 1104 monitors one or more cable controls, such as the plurality of toggle switches 1158a -1164b. In other embodiments, the one or more cable controls comprise, for example, a gripper control 1166, a release button 1168, and/or any other suitable cable control. An operator of surgical instrument 2000 can activate one or more of the handle controls to transition segmented circuit 1100 into operational mode. When security processor 1104 detects the actuation of a cable control, security processor 1104 initiates the transition of segmented circuit 1100 to operational mode. Because the primary processor 1106 is not active when the handle control is actuated, the operator can actuate the handle control without causing a corresponding action from the surgical instrument 2000.

[000116] Figure 16 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit 1900 comprising an accelerometer 1922 configured to monitor the movement of a surgical instrument, such as, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. A power segment 1902 supplies power from a battery 1908 to one or more circuit segments, such as accelerometer 1922. Accelerometer 1922 is coupled to a processor 1906. Accelerometer 1922 is configured to monitor the movement of surgical instrument 2000. Accelerometer 1922 is configured to generate one or more signals indicative of movement in one or more directions. For example, in some embodiments, accelerometer 1922 is configured to monitor movement of surgical instrument 2000 in three directions.

[000117] In certain cases, the 1906 processor may be an LM 4F230H5QR, available from Texas Instruments, for example. Processor 1906 is configured to monitor accelerometer 1922 and transition segmented circuit 1900 to sleep mode, for example, when no motion is detected for a predetermined period of time. In some embodiments, segmented circuit 1900 transitions to sleep mode after a predetermined period of inactivity. For example, a security processor 1904 may transition segmented circuit 1900 to sleep mode after a predetermined period has passed without accelerometer 1922 detecting motion. In certain cases, the 1922 accelerometer can be a LIS331DLM, available from STMicroelectronics, for example. A timer is in signal communication with processor 1906. The timer may be integral with processor 1906 and/or may be a separate circuit component. The timer is configured to count the time since the last movement of surgical instrument 2000 was detected by accelerometer 1922. When the counter exceeds a predetermined threshold, processor 1906 transitions segmented circuit 1900 to sleep mode. In some embodiments, the timer is reset each time the accelerometer 1922 detects motion.

[000118] In some embodiments, the accelerometer 1922 is configured to detect an impact event. For example, when a surgical instrument 2000 is dropped, the accelerometer 1922 will detect acceleration caused by gravity in a first direction and then a change in acceleration in a second direction (caused by impact with the floor and/or other surface). ). As another example, when surgical instrument 2000 collides with a wall, accelerometer 1922 will detect a sudden increase in acceleration in one or more directions. When the accelerometer 1922 detects an impact event, the processor 1906 can prevent the surgical instrument 2000 from functioning, as the impact events can loosen mechanical and/or electrical components. In some embodiments, only impacts above a predetermined threshold prevent operation. In other embodiments, all impacts are monitored and cumulative impacts above a predetermined threshold may prevent the surgical instrument 2000 from functioning.

[000119] Referring again to Figure 5, in one embodiment, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises a power segment 1102h. Power segment 1102h is configured to supply a segment voltage to each of circuit segments 1102a-1102g. Power segment 1102h comprises a battery 1108. Battery 1108 is configured to supply a predetermined voltage, such as 12 volts, through battery connector 1110. One or more power converters 1114a, 1114b, 1116 are coupled to 1108 battery to supply a specific voltage. For example, in the illustrated embodiments, the supply segment 1102h comprises an axillary switching converter 1114a, a switching converter 1114b, and a low voltage drop (LDO) converter 1116. The switching converters 1114a, 1114b are configured to supply 3 .3 volts to one or more circuit components. LDO converter 1116 is configured to supply 5.0 volts to one or more circuit components. In some embodiments, the power segment 1102h comprises a boost converter 1118. A transistor (e.g., N-channel MOSFET) switch 1115 is coupled to the power converters 1114b, 1116. The boost converter 1118 is configured to provide a high voltage greater than the voltage supplied by battery 1108, such as 13 volts. The boost converter 1118 may comprise, for example, a capacitor, an inductor, a battery, a rechargeable battery, and/or any other boost converter suitable for supplying a high voltage. The boost converter 1118 provides a voltage to prevent blackout and/or low power conditions of one or more circuit segments 1102a-1102g during power intensive operations of the surgical instrument 2000. Embodiments, however, are not limited to voltage range(s) described in the context of this descriptive report.

[000120] In some embodiments, segmented circuit 1100 is configured for sequential initialization. An error check is performed by each segment of circuit 1102a-1102g before powering up the next sequential circuit segment 1102a-1102g. Figure 11 illustrates one embodiment of a process for sequentially energizing a segmented circuit 1270, such as, for example, segmented circuit 1100. When a battery 1108 is coupled to segmented circuit 1100, security processor 1104 is energized 1272. security 1104 performs an error self-check 1274. When an error is detected 1276a, the security processor stops energizing segment circuit 1100 and generates an error code 1278a. When no error is detected 1276b, security processor 1104 initiates 1278b power-up of primary processor 1106. Primary processor 1106 performs a self-error check. When no errors are detected, primary processor 1106 begins sequential power-up of each of the remaining circuit segments 1278b. Each circuit segment is powered up and checked for errors by primary processor 1106. When no errors are detected, the next circuit segment is powered up 1278b. When an error is detected, the security processor 1104 and/or the primary processor stops powering the current segment and generates an error 1278a. Sequential initialization continues until all circuit segments 1102a-1102g have been powered up. In some embodiments, segment circuit 1100 transitions from sleep mode after a similar sequential power-up process 1250.

[000121] Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of a power supply segment 1502 comprising a plurality of power converters connected in series 1514, 1516, 1518. The power supply segment 1502 comprises a battery 1508. The battery 1508 is configured to supply a source voltage, such as 12 V. A current sensor 1512 is coupled to battery 1508 to monitor the current draw of a segmented circuit and/or one or more circuit segments. Current sensor 1512 is coupled to a FET switch 1513. Battery 1508 is coupled to one or more voltage converters 1509, 1514, 1516. An always-on converter 1509 supplies a constant voltage to one or more circuit components, such as, for example, a motion sensor 1522. The always-on converter 1509 comprises, for example, a 3.3V converter. The always-on converter 1509 can provide a constant voltage to additional circuit components, such as a processor security (not shown). Battery 1508 is coupled to a boost converter 1518. Boost converter 1518 is configured to supply an amplified voltage above the voltage supplied by battery 1508. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, battery 1508 supplies a voltage of 12V. Amplifying converter 1518 is configured to step the voltage up to 13 V. Amplifying converter 1518 is configured to maintain a minimum voltage during operation of a surgical instrument, for example, the surgical instrument 2000 illustrated in Figures 1-3. of a motor can result in the power supplied to the primary processor 1506 falling below a minimum threshold and creating a blackout or reset condition in the primary processor 1506. The boost converter 1518 ensures that sufficient power is available to the primary processor 1506 and /or to other circuit components, such as the 1543 motor controller, during operation of the surgical instrument co 2000. In some embodiments, the boost converter 1518 is directly coupled to one or more circuit components, such as an OLED screen 1588.

[000122] The boost converter 1518 is coupled to one or more step-down converters to supply voltages below the boosted voltage level. A first voltage converter 1516 is coupled to the boost converter 1518 and supplies a first reduced voltage to one or more circuit components. In the illustrated embodiment, the first voltage converter 1516 supplies a voltage of 5V. The first voltage converter 1516 is coupled to a rotary position encoder 1540. A FET switch 1517 is coupled between the first voltage converter 1516 and the position encoder. rotary position 1540. FET switch 1517 is controlled by processor 1506. Processor 1506 opens FET switch 1517 to disable position encoder 1540, for example, during power intensive operations. The first voltage converter 1516 is coupled to a second voltage converter 1514 configured to provide a second reduced voltage. The second reduced voltage comprises, for example, 3.3 V. The second voltage converter 1514 is coupled to a processor 1506. In some embodiments, the boost converter 1518, the first voltage converter 1516, and the second voltage converter 1514 are coupled in a series configuration. The series configuration allows the use of smaller and more efficient converters to generate voltage levels below the amplified voltage level. The embodiments, however, are not limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000123] Figure 13 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit 1600 configured to maximize the energy available for critical and/or power intensive functions. Segment circuit 1600 comprises a battery 1608. Battery 1608 is configured to supply a source voltage, such as 12V. The source voltage is supplied to a plurality of voltage converters 1609, 1618. A voltage converter always-on converter 1609 provides a constant voltage to one or more circuit components, for example, a motion sensor 1622 and a security processor 1604. Always-on voltage converter 1609 is coupled directly to battery 1608. Always-on converter 1609 provides a voltage, for example, 3.3 V. Embodiments, however, are not limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000124] The segmented circuit 1600 comprises an amplification converter 1618. The amplification converter 1618 provides an amplified voltage greater than the source voltage supplied by the battery 1608, such as, for example, 13 V. An amplification converter 1618 provides a voltage amplified directly to one or more components of the circuit, for example, an OLED screen 1688 and a motor controller 1643. By coupling the OLED screen 1688 directly to the amplification converter 1618, the segmented circuit 1600 eliminates the need for a power dedicated to OLED screen 1688. Amplifying converter 1618 supplies an amplified voltage to motor controller 1643 and motor 1648 during one or more operations that require a lot of power from motor 1648, such as a trimming operation. The step-down converter 1618 is coupled to a step-down converter 1616. The step-down converter 1616 is configured to supply a voltage below the step-up voltage to one or more circuit components, such as 5 V. The step-down converter 1616 is coupled, for example, to a FET switch 1651 and a position encoder 1640. The FET switch 1651 is coupled to the primary processor 1606. The primary processor 1606 opens the FET switch 1651 when it transitions from segmented circuit 1600 to mode suspended and/or during power-hungry functions that require additional voltage delivered to motor 1648. Opening FET switch 1651 disables position encoder 1640 and eliminates power consumption from position encoder 1640. The modalities, however, do not are limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000125] The reduction converter 1616 is coupled to a linear converter 1614. The linear converter 1614 is configured to supply a voltage, for example, 3.3 V. The linear converter 1614 is coupled to the primary processor 1606. The linear converter 1614 provides an operating voltage to primary processor 1606. Linear converter 1614 may be coupled with one or more additional circuit components. The embodiments, however, are not limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000126] The segmented circuit 1600 comprises a bailout switch 1656. The bailout switch 1656 is coupled to a bailout port on the surgical instrument 2000. The bailout switch 1656 and the security processor 1604 are coupled to an AND gate 1619. The AND gate 1619 provides input to a FET switch 1613. When bailout switch 1656 detects a bailout condition, bailout switch 1656 provides a bailout shutdown signal to AND gate 1619. When security processor 1604 detects an unsafe condition, such as , caused by a sensor mismatch, safety processor 1604 provides a shutdown signal to AND gate 1619. In some embodiments, both the bailout shutdown signal and the shutdown signal are high during normal operation and are low when a condition occurs. bailout or an unsafe condition is detected. When the output of AND gate 1619 is low, FET switch 1613 is opened and mechanism 1648 is prevented from functioning. In some embodiments, safety processor 1604 uses the shutdown signal to transition motor 1648 to a shut down state in the suspended mode. A third input to FET switch 1613 is provided by current sensor 1612 coupled to battery 1608. Current sensor 1612 monitors the current drawn by circuit 1600 and opens FET switch 1613 to turn off power to motor 1648 when an electrical current above of a predetermined limit is detected. FET switch 1613 and motor controller 1643 are coupled to a bank of FET switches 1645 configured to control the operation of motor 1648.

[000127] A motor current sensor 1646 is coupled in series with the motor 1648 to provide a reading from the motor current sensor to a current monitor 1647. The current monitor 1647 is coupled to the primary processor 1606. current draw 1647 provides a signal indicative of the current draw of motor 1648. Primary processor 1606 may use the current signal from motor 1647 to control the operation of the motor, for example, to ensure that the current draw of motor 1648 is within an acceptable range, for comparing current draw of motor 1648 to one or more other parameters of circuit 1600, such as position encoder 1640, and/or for determining one or more parameters of a treatment site. In some embodiments, current monitor 1647 may be coupled to security processor 1604.

[000128] In some embodiments, actuation of one or more cable controls, such as, for example, a trigger trigger, causes the primary processor 1606 to decrease power to one or more components while the cable control is actuated. For example, in one embodiment, a firing trigger controls a firing stroke of a cutting element. The cutting element is driven by motor 1648. Actuation of the fire trigger results in forward operation of motor 1648 and advancement of the cutting element. During firing, primary processor 1606 closes FET switch 1651 to remove power from position encoder 1640. Disabling one or more components of the circuit allows more power to be released to motor 1648. When the trigger trigger is released, full power is restored to the disabled components, for example, closing FET switch 1651 and re-enable position encoder 1640.

[000129] In some embodiments, the security processor 1604 controls the operation of the segmented circuit 1600. For example, the security processor 1604 can initiate a sequential energization of the segmented circuit 1600, transition of the segmented circuit 1600 to the suspended mode and from the suspended, and/or may override one or more control signals from primary processor 1606. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, safety processor 1604 is coupled to step-down converter 1616. Safety processor 1604 controls the operation of segmented circuit 1600 by activating or deactivating step-down converter 1616 to supply power to the remainder of segmented circuit 1600.

[000130] Figure 14 illustrates an embodiment of a power supply system 1700 comprising a plurality of power converters connected in series 1714, 1716, 1718 configured to be energized sequentially; The plurality of series-connected power converters 1714, 1716, 1718 may be activated sequentially, for example, by a safety processor during initial power-up and/or transition from sleep mode. The safety processor can be powered by an independent power converter (not shown). For example, in one embodiment, when a VBATT battery voltage is coupled to the power system 1700 and/or when an accelerometer detects motion in the suspended mode, the security processor initiates a sequential initialization of the series connected power converters 1714, 1716 , 1718. The safety processor turns the lift section 1718 on to 13V. The lift section 1718 powers up and performs a self-check. In some embodiments, step-up section 1718 comprises an integrated circuit 1720 configured to step-up the source voltage and perform a self-check. A diode D prevents a 5V supply section 1716 from being energized until the lift section 1718 has completed a self-check and provided a signal to diode D indicating that the lift section 1718 has not identified any errors. In some embodiments, this signal is provided by the security processor. The embodiments, however, are not limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000131] The 1716 5V supply section is energized sequentially after the 1718 lift section. The 1716 5V supply section performs a self-check during powerup to identify any errors in the 1716 5V supply section. 5V supply voltage 1716 comprises an integrated circuit 1715 configured to supply a reduced voltage relative to the amplified voltage and to perform error checking. When no error is detected, the 5V supply section 1716 completes the sequential power-up and provides a wakeup signal to the 3.3V supply section 1714. In some embodiments, the safety processor provides a wakeup signal to the section 3.3V supply section 1714. The 3.3V supply section comprises an integrated circuit 1713 configured to provide a reduced voltage relative to the 5V supply section 1716 and do self-error checking during power-up. When no errors are detected during the self-check, the 3.3V supply section 1714 supplies power to the primary processor. The primary processor is configured to sequentially power up each of the remaining circuit segments. By sequentially energizing the power system 1700 and/or the remainder of a segmented circuit, the power system 1700 reduces risks of error, allows voltage levels to stabilize before loads are applied, and prevents large current draws from the entire system. hardware that is turned on simultaneously in an uncontrolled manner. The embodiments, however, are not limited to the particular voltage range(s) described in the context of this specification.

[000132] In one embodiment, the power supply system 1700 comprises an overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit. The surge identification and mitigation circuit is configured to detect a monopolar feedback current in the surgical instrument and interrupt power to the supply segment when the monopolar feedback current is detected. The surge identification and mitigation circuit is configured to identify power system ground fluctuation. The surge identification and mitigation circuit comprises a metal oxide varistor. The overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit comprises at least one temporary voltage suppression diode.

[000133] Figure 15 illustrates an embodiment of a segmented circuit 1800 comprising an isolated control section 1802. The isolated control section 1802 isolates segmented circuit control hardware 1800 from a power section (not shown) of the circuit segmented 1800. The control section 1802 comprises, for example, a primary processor 1806, a security processor (not shown), and/or additional control hardware, for example, a FET switch 1817. The power section comprises, for example, for example, a motor, a motor driver and/or a plurality of motor MOSFETS. The isolated control section 1802 comprises a charging circuit 1803 and a rechargeable battery 1808 coupled to a 5V power converter 1816. The charging circuit 1803 and the rechargeable battery 1808 isolate the primary processor 1806 from the power section. In some embodiments, rechargeable battery 1808 is coupled with a security processor and any additional supporting hardware. The isolation of the control section 1802 from the power section allows the control section 1802, for example, the primary processor 1806, to remain active even when main power is removed, provides a filter, through the rechargeable battery 1808, to maintain the noise outside the 1802 control section, isolates the 1802 control section from large swings in battery voltage to ensure proper operation even during heavy engine loads, and/or allows the real-time operating system (RTOS) to be used by the segmented circuit 1800. In some embodiments, rechargeable battery 1808 supplies a reduced voltage to the primary processor, such as 3.3 V. Embodiments, however, are not limited to particular voltage range(s). es) described in the context of this descriptive report.

[000134] Figure 17 illustrates an embodiment of a process for the sequential initialization of a segmented circuit, such as, for example, the segmented circuit 1100 illustrated in Figure 5. The sequential initialization process 1820 begins when one or more sensors start the transition from suspended mode to operational mode. When the one or more sensors stop detecting state changes 1822, a timer is started 1824. The timer counts down the time since the last movement/interaction with the surgical instrument 2000 was detected by the one or more sensors. The timer count is compared 1826 to a table of sleep stages, for example, by security processor 1104. When the timer count exceeds one or more counts to transition to a sleep stage 1828a, security processor 1104 stops energizing 1830 the segmented circuit 1100 and transitions the segmented circuit 1100 to the corresponding sleep mode stage. When the timer count is below the threshold for any of the sleep stages 1828b, segment circuit 1100 continues to sequentially energize the next segment of circuit 1832.

[000135] With reference again to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises one or more environmental sensors to detect improper storage and/or treatment of a surgical instrument. For example, in one embodiment, segment circuit 1100 comprises a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is configured to detect the maximum and/or minimum temperature to which the segmented circuit 1100 is exposed. Surgical instrument 2000 and segmented circuit 1100 comprise a design limit exposure for maximum and/or minimum temperatures. When the surgical instrument 2000 is exposed to temperatures greater than the limits, for example, a temperature greater than the maximum limit during a sterilization technique, the temperature sensor detects the overexposure and prevents the device from functioning. The temperature sensor may comprise, for example, a bimetallic strip configured to trip the surgical instrument 2000 when exposed to a temperature greater than a predetermined threshold, a solid state temperature sensor configured to store temperature data and provide temperature data to the 1104 security processor, and/or any other suitable temperature sensor.

[000136] In some embodiments, the accelerometer 1122 is configured as an environmental safety sensor. Accelerometer 1122 records the acceleration experienced by surgical instrument 2000. Acceleration above a predetermined threshold may indicate, for example, that the surgical instrument has been dropped. The surgical instrument comprises a maximum acceleration tolerance. When accelerometer 1122 detects acceleration above the maximum acceleration tolerance, security processor 1104 prevents operation of surgical instrument 2000.

[000137] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises a humidity sensor. The humidity sensor is configured to indicate when the 1100 segmented circuit has been exposed to moisture. The humidity sensor may comprise, for example, an immersion sensor configured to indicate when surgical instrument 2000 has been completely immersed in a cleaning fluid, a humidity sensor configured to indicate when moisture is in contact with segmented circuit 1100 when segment circuit 1100 is energized, and/or any other suitable moisture sensor.

[000138] In some embodiments, the segmented circuit 1100 comprises a chemical exposure sensor. The chemical exposure sensor is configured to indicate when the Surgical Instrument 2000 has come into contact with harmful and/or hazardous chemicals. For example, during a sterilization procedure, an inappropriate chemical may be used, leading to degradation of the surgical instrument 2000. The chemical exposure sensor may indicate inappropriate chemical exposure to the safety processor 1104, which may prevent it from functioning. of the surgical instrument 2000.

[000139] The segmented circuit 1100 is configured to monitor several usage cycles. For example, in one embodiment, battery 1108 comprises circuitry configured to monitor a usage cycle count. In some embodiments, security processor 1104 is configured to monitor usage cycle count. Usage cycles may comprise surgical events initiated by a surgical instrument, such as, for example, the number of axes 2004 used with the surgical instrument 2000, the number of cartridges inserted and/or dispensed by the surgical instrument 2000, and/or the number of surgical instrument shots 2000. In some embodiments, a cycle of use may comprise an environmental event, such as, for example, an impact event, exposure to inappropriate storage conditions and/or inappropriate chemicals, a sterilization process, a cleaning process, and/or a reconditioning process. In some embodiments, a usage cycle may comprise a power supply (e.g., battery) change and/or a charge cycle.

[000140] The segmented circuit 1100 may maintain a total usage cycle count for all defined usage cycles and/or may maintain individual usage cycle counts for one or more defined usage cycles. For example, in one embodiment, segmented circuitry 1100 may maintain a single usage cycle count for all surgical events initiated by surgical instrument 2000 and individual usage cycle counts for each environmental event experienced by surgical instrument 2000. usage cycles is used to motivate one or more segmented circuit behaviors 1100. For example, usage cycle count may be used to disable a segmented circuit 1100, for example, disabling a battery 1108, when the number of usage cycles exceeds a predetermined threshold or when exposure to an inappropriate environmental event is detected. In some embodiments, usage cycle count is used to indicate when suggested and/or mandatory maintenance of the Surgical Instrument 2000 is required.

[000141] Figure 18 illustrates an embodiment of a method 1950 for controlling a surgical instrument comprising a segmented circuit, such as, for example, the segmented control circuit 1602 illustrated in Figure 12. In 1952, a power pack 1608 is coupled to the surgical instrument. Power pack 1608 may comprise any suitable battery, such as power pack 2006 illustrated in Figures 1-3. Power pack 1608 is configured to supply a source voltage to segmented control circuit 1602. The source may comprise any suitable voltage, such as 12V. In 1954, power supply assembly 1608 powers a voltage boost converter 1618. Voltage boost converter 1618 is configured to supply a set voltage. The set voltage comprises a voltage greater than the source voltage provided by the power supply assembly 1608. For example, in some embodiments, the set voltage comprises a voltage of 13 V. In a third step 1956, the voltage boost converter 1618 energizes one or more voltage regulators for supplying one or more operating voltages to one or more circuit components. Operating voltages comprise a voltage less than the set voltage supplied by the voltage boost converter.

[000142] In some embodiments, the amplification converter 1618 is coupled to a first voltage regulator 1616 configured to provide a first operating voltage. The first operating voltage provided by the first voltage regulator 1616 is less than the set voltage provided by the voltage boost converter. For example, in some embodiments, the first operating voltage comprises a voltage of 5 V. In some embodiments, the boost converter is coupled to a second voltage regulator 1614. The second voltage regulator 1614 is configured to supply a second voltage of operation. The second operating voltage comprises a voltage less than the set voltage and the first operating voltage. For example, in some embodiments, the second operating voltage comprises a voltage of 3.3 V. In some embodiments, the battery 1608, the voltage boost converter 1618, the first voltage regulator 1616, and the second voltage regulator 1614 are configured in series. Battery 1608 supplies the source voltage to voltage boost converter 1618. Voltage boost converter 1618 boosts the source voltage to the set voltage. The voltage boost converter 1618 supplies the set voltage to the first voltage regulator 1616. The first voltage regulator 1616 generates a first operating voltage and supplies the first operating voltage to the second voltage regulator 1614. The second voltage regulator 1614 generates the second operating voltage.

[000143] In some embodiments, one or more components of the circuit are powered directly by the voltage amplification converter 1618. For example, in some embodiments, an OLED screen 1688 is coupled directly to the voltage amplification converter 1618. 1618 voltage amplification supplies the set voltage to the 1688 OLED screen, eliminating the need for the OLED to have an integrated power generator. In some embodiments, a processor, such as the security processor 1604 illustrated in Figure 5, checks the voltage supplied by the voltage boost converter 1618 and/or the one or more voltage regulators 1616, 1614. security 1604 is configured to check a voltage supplied by each of voltage boost converter 1618 and voltage regulators 1616, 1614. In some embodiments, security processor 1604 checks the established voltage. When the set voltage is equal to or greater than a first predetermined value, the security processor 1604 energizes the first voltage regulator 1616. The security processor 1604 verifies the first operating voltage supplied by the first voltage regulator 1616. When the first voltage voltage is equal to or greater than a second predetermined value, security processor 1604 energizes second voltage regulator 1614. Security processor 1604 then verifies the second operating voltage. When the second operating voltage is equal to or greater than a third predetermined value, safety processor 1604 energizes each of the remaining circuit components of segmented circuit 1600.

[000144] Various aspects of the subject described here relate to methods for controlling the power management of a surgical instrument through a segmented circuit and variable voltage protection. In one embodiment, a method for controlling power management in a surgical instrument comprising a primary processor, a backup processor, and a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor, the the plurality of circuit segments comprises a power segment, the method comprising providing, by the power segment, variable voltage control of each segment. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing, by the supply segment comprising a boost converter, supply stabilization for at least one of the segment voltages. The method further comprises providing, by the boost converter, power stabilization to the primary processor and the backup processor. The method further comprises providing, by the boost converter, a constant voltage to the primary processor and the backup processor above a predetermined threshold independent of the power consumption of the plurality of circuit segments. The method further comprises detecting, by an overvoltage detection and mitigation circuit, a monopolar feedback current in the surgical instrument and interrupting power to the supply segment when the monopolar feedback current is detected. The method also comprises identifying, by the overvoltage identification and mitigation circuit, power system earth fluctuation.

[000145] In another embodiment, the method also comprises energizing, by the power segment, each of the plurality of circuit segments sequentially and checking errors in each circuit segment before energizing a sequential circuit segment. The method further comprises powering up the security processor from a power supply coupled to the power segment, performing error checking by the security processor when the security processor is powered up, and performing and powering up the security processor, the security processor primary when no errors are detected during error checking. The method further comprises performing an error check by the primary processor when the primary processor is powered up, and provided that when no errors are detected during the error check, sequentially powering up by the primary processor each of the plurality of circuit segments. The method also comprises checking errors, by the primary processor, in each of the plurality of circuit segments.

[000146] In another embodiment, the method comprises energizing, by the amplification converter, the safety processor when a power supply is connected to the power segment, performing, by the safety processor, an error check, and energizing the processor primary, by the security processor, when no errors are detected during error checking. The method further comprises performing an error check, by the primary processor, and sequentially powering up, by the primary processor, each of the plurality of circuit segments when no error is detected during the error check. The method also comprises checking errors, by the primary processor, in each of the plurality of circuit segments.

[000147] In another embodiment, the method also comprises providing, via a power supply segment, a segment voltage to the primary processor, providing variable voltage protection for each segment, providing, via an amplification converter, power stabilization for at least one of the segment voltages, an overvoltage identification, and a mitigation circuit, energizing, by the power segment, each of the plurality of circuit segments sequentially, and checking each circuit segment for errors before energizing a circuit segment sequential.

[000148] Various aspects of the subject matter described herein relate to methods for controlling a control circuit of a surgical instrument having a security processor. In one embodiment, a method for controlling a surgical instrument comprising a control circuit comprising a primary processor, a backup processor in signal communication with the primary processor, and a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor, the method comprising monitoring, by the security processor, one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments. The method further comprises checking, by the security processor, one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments and checking the one or more parameters independently of one or more control signals generated by the primary processor. The method further comprises checking, by the security processor, the speed of a cutting element. The method also comprises monitoring, by a first sensor, a first property of the surgical instrument, monitoring, by a second sensor, a second property of the surgical instrument, the first property and the second property comprising a predetermined relationship, and wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are in signal communication with the security processor. The method also comprises preventing, by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when the failure is detected, a failure comprising the first property and the second property having values incompatible with the predetermined relationship. The method also comprises monitoring, by a Hall effect sensor, the position of a cutting element and monitoring, by a motor current sensor, a motor current.

[000149] In another embodiment, the method comprises disabling, by the security processor, at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when a disparity is detected between the verification of one or more parameters and the one or more control signals generated by the primary processor. The method further comprises preventing, by the safety processor, a motor segment from operating and interrupting the flow of power to the motor segment from the power segment. The method further comprises preventing, by the safety processor, the forward operation of a motor segment and when the failure is detected, allowing, by the safety processor, the reverse operation of the motor segment.

[000150] In another embodiment, the segmented circuit comprises a motor segment and a power supply segment, the method comprising the control, by the motor segment, of one or more mechanical operations of the surgical instrument and the monitoring, by the security processor , of one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments. The method further comprises checking, by the security processor, the one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments and independently checking, by the security processor, the one or more parameters independently of one or more control signals generated by the primary processor .

[000151] In another embodiment, the method also comprises the independent verification, by the security processor, of the speed of a cutting element. The method also comprises monitoring, by a first sensor, a first property of the surgical instrument, monitoring, by a second sensor, a second property of the surgical instrument, the first property and the second property comprising a predetermined relationship, and wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are in signal communication with the safety processor, a failure comprising the first property and the second property having values inconsistent with the predetermined relationship, and the impediment, by the safety processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when the failure is detected by the safety processor. The method also comprises monitoring, by a Hall effect sensor, the position of a cutting element and monitoring, by a motor current sensor, a motor current.

[000152] In another embodiment, the method comprises disabling, by the security processor, at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when a disparity is detected between the verification of one or more parameters and the one or more control signals generated by the primary processor. The method further comprises preventing the motor segment from functioning by the security processor and interrupting the flow of power to the motor segment from the power segment. The method further comprises preventing, by the safety processor, the forward operation of the motor segment and enabling, by the safety processor, the reverse operation of the motor segment when the failure is detected.

[000153] In another embodiment, the method comprises monitoring, by the security processor, one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments, verifying, by the security processor, one or more parameters of the plurality of circuit segments , the security processor checking the one or more parameters independently of one or more control signals generated by the primary processor, and the security processor disabling at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when a disparity is detected between checking the one or more parameters and the one or more control signals generated by the primary processor. The method also comprises monitoring, by a first sensor, a first property of the surgical instrument, monitoring, by a second sensor, a second property of the surgical instrument, the first property and the second property comprising a predetermined relationship, and wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are in signal communication with the safety processor, wherein a failure comprises the first property and the second property having values incompatible with the predetermined relationship, and wherein the failure is detected, preventing , by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments. The method further comprises preventing, by the safety processor, a motor segment from operating and interrupting the flow of power to the motor segment from the power segment when a fault is detected.

[000154] Various aspects of the subject described herein relate to methods for controlling the power management of a surgical instrument through segmented circuit suspension and wake control options, the surgical instrument comprising a control circuit comprising a processor primary processor, a backup processor in signal communication with the primary processor, and a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor, the plurality of circuit segments comprising a power segment, the method comprising transitioning, by the security processor, the primary processor and at least one of the plurality of circuit segments from an active mode to a suspended mode and from the suspended mode to an active mode. The method further comprises tracking, by a timer, a time since a last user initiated the event and, where the time since the last user initiated the event exceeds a predetermined threshold, transitioning, by the security processor, of the primary processor and at least one of the plurality of circuit segments to suspend. The method further comprises detecting, by an acceleration segment comprising an accelerometer, one or more movements of the surgical instrument. The method further comprises tracking, by the timer, a time since the last movement was detected by the acceleration segment. The method also comprises the security processor maintaining the acceleration segment in the active mode when the plurality of circuit segments enter the suspended mode.

[000155] In another embodiment, the method also comprises transitioning to sleep mode in a plurality of stages The method also comprises transitioning the segmented circuit to a first stage after a first predetermined period, turning on a display segment backlight , transitioning the segmented circuit to a second stage after a second predetermined period and turning off the backlight, transitioning the segmented circuit to a third stage after a third predetermined period and reducing an accelerometer polling rate, and transitioning from segmented circuit to a fourth stage after a predetermined fourth period and turn off the screen and transition the surgical instrument to suspended mode.

[000156] Another embodiment comprises detecting, by a touch sensor, the user's contact with a surgical instrument and making the transition, by the security processor, the primary processor and the plurality of circuit segments from a suspended mode to a suspended mode. active when the touch sensor detects a user in contact with the surgical instrument. The method further comprises monitoring, by the security processor, the at least one cable control and transitioning, by the security processor, the primary processor and the plurality of circuit segments from suspended mode to active mode when the at least a cable control is actuated.

[000157] In another embodiment, the method comprises the transition, by the security processor, from the surgical device to the active mode when the accelerometer detects movement of the surgical instrument above a predetermined limit. The method further comprises monitoring, by the security processor, the accelerometer for movement in at least a first direction and a second direction and transitioning, by the security processor, the surgical instrument from suspended mode to operational mode when movement above of a predetermined threshold is detected at least in the first direction and in the second direction. The method further comprises monitoring, by the security processor, the accelerometer for oscillating movement above a predetermined limit in the first direction, in the second direction, and in the third direction, and transitioning, by the security processor, the surgical instrument from suspended mode to the operating mode when oscillating movement is detected above a predetermined threshold in the first direction, second direction and third direction. The method further comprises increasing the predetermined time as the time since the previous movement increases.

[000158] In another embodiment, the method comprises making the transition, by the security processor, of the primary processor and at least one of the plurality of circuit segments from an active mode to a suspended mode and from a suspended mode to the active mode when a time since the last user initiated the event exceeds a predetermined threshold, the tracking, by a timer, of a time since the last movement detected by the acceleration segment, and the transition, by the security processor, of the surgical device switches to active mode when the acceleration segment detects movement of the surgical instrument above a predetermined threshold.

[000159] In another embodiment, a method for controlling a surgical instrument comprises tracking the time since the last user started the event and disabling, by the security processor, a screen backlight when the time since the last user started the event exceeds a predetermined threshold. The method further comprises flashing, by the security processor, the screen backlight to indicate the user to look at the screen.

[000160] Various aspects of the matter described herein relate to methods of verifying the sterilization of a surgical instrument through a sterilization verification circuit, the surgical instrument comprising a control circuit comprising a primary processor, a security processor in communication of signal communication with the primary processor and a segmented circuit comprising a plurality of circuit segments in signal communication with the primary processor, the plurality of circuit segments comprising a storage verification segment, the method comprising indicating when a surgical instrument has been properly stored and sterilized. The method further comprises detecting, by at least one sensor, one or more inappropriate storage or sterilization parameters. The method further comprises detecting, by a fall protection sensor, when the instrument has been dropped and preventing, by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when the fall protection sensor detects that the surgical instrument has been dropped. The method further comprises preventing, by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when a temperature above a predetermined threshold is detected by a temperature sensor. The method further comprises preventing, by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a predetermined threshold.

[000161] In another embodiment, the method comprises controlling, by the security processor, the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when a moisture detection sensor detects moisture. The method further comprises detecting, by a moisture detection sensor, an autoclave cycle and preventing, by the security processor, the surgical instrument from operating unless the autoclave cycle has been detected. The method also comprises preventing, by the security processor, the functioning of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when moisture is detected during a staged initialization.

[000162] In another embodiment, the method comprises indicating, by the plurality of circuit segments comprising a sterilization verification segment, when a surgical instrument has been properly sterilized. The method also comprises detecting, at least one sensor of the sterilization verification segment, the sterilization of the surgical instrument. The method also comprises indicating, by a storage verification segment, when a surgical instrument has been properly stored. The method further comprises detecting, by at least one sensor of the storage verification segment, improper storage of the surgical instrument.

[000163] All descriptions of:

[000164] US Patent No. 5,403,312, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE, which was granted on April 4, 1995;

[000165] US Patent No. 7,000,818, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, which was granted on February 21, 2006;

[000166] US Patent No. 7,422,139, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK, which was granted on September 9, 2008;

[000167] US Patent No. 7,464,849, entitled ELECTROMECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS, which was granted on December 16, 2008;

[000168] US Patent No. 7,670,334, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATING END EFFECTOR, which was granted on March 2, 2010;

[000169] US Patent No. 7,753,245, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, which was granted on July 13, 2010; US Patent No. 8,393,514, entitled SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLE FASTENER CARTRIDGE, which was issued March 12, 2013;

[000170] US Patent Application Serial No. 11/343,803 entitled MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;

[000171] US Patent Application Serial No. 12/031,573, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES, filed on February 14, 2008;

[000172] US Patent Application Serial No. 12/031,873, entitled END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed on February 15, 2008, currently a US patent. No. 7,980,443

[000173] US Patent Application Serial No. 12/235,782, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT, currently US Patent 8,210,411;

[000174] US Patent Application Serial No. 12/249,117, titled POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM, currently Publication US Patent Application No. 2010/0089970;

[000175] US Patent Application Serial No. 12/647,100, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY, filed on December 24, 2009;

[000176] U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/893,461, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE, filed on September 29, 2012, currently publication of U.S. patent application No. 2012/0074198;

[000177] US Patent Application Serial No. 13/036,647, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed on February 28, 2011, currently publication of US patent application No. 2011/0226837;

[000178] US Patent Application Serial No. 13/118,241 entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now Publication US Patent Application No. 2012/0298719;

[000179] US Patent Application Serial No. 13/524,049, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE, filed on June 15, 2012;

[000180] US Patent Application Serial No. 13/800,025, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on March 13, 2013;

[000181] US Patent Application Serial No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on March 13, 2013;

[000182] Publication US Patent Application No. 2007/0175955, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM, filed on January 31, 2006; and

[000183] Publication U.S. Patent Application No. 2010/0264194, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH AN ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR, filed on April 22, 2010, is hereby incorporated by reference.

[000184] According to various embodiments, the surgical instruments described herein may comprise one or more processors (eg, microprocessor, microcontroller) coupled to various sensors. Furthermore, to the processor(s), a storage interface (having operating logic) and a communication interface are coupled to each other.

[000185] As previously described, the sensors can be configured to detect and collect data associated with the surgical device. The processor processes the data received by the sensor from the sensor(s).

[000186] The processor can be configured to execute the operating logic. The processor can be any one of a number of single or multi-core processors known in the art. The storage may comprise volatile and non-volatile storage media configured to store temporal and persistent (working) copy of the operating logic.

[000187] In several ways, the operating logic can be configured to process the collected biometric data associated with the user's movement data, as described above. In various embodiments, the operating logic can be configured to perform initial processing, and transmit the data to the computer hosting the application to determine and generate instructions. For these embodiments, the operating logic can be further configured to receive information and provide feedback to a host computer. In alternative embodiments, the operating logic can be configured to take on a greater role in receiving information and determining feedback. In either case, whether self-determined or responsive to instructions from a host computer, the operating logic can be further configured to control and provide feedback to the user.

[000188] In various embodiments, the operating logic can be implemented in instructions supported by the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the processor, or high-level languages, and compiled into the supported ISA. The operating logic may comprise one or more logic units or modules. The operating logic can be implemented in an object-oriented manner. The operating logic can be configured to run in multi-tasking and/or multi-thread mode. In other embodiments, the operating logic can be implemented in hardware, such as an array of gates.

[000189] In various embodiments, the communication interface can be configured to facilitate communication between a peripheral device and the computing system. Communication may include transmission of collected biometric data associated with position, posture, and/or movement data of the user's body part(s) to a host computer, and transmission of data associated with haptic feedback. from the host computer to the peripheral device. In various embodiments, the communication interface can be a wired or wireless communication interface. An example of a wired communication interface may include, but is not limited to, a Universal Serial Bus (USB). An example of a wireless communication interface can include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth interface.

[000190] For several modalities, the processor can be packaged together with the operating logic. In various embodiments, the processor can be packaged together with the operating logic to form a System in Package (SIP). In various embodiments, the processor can be integrated into the same matrix with the operating logic. In various embodiments, the processor can be packaged together with the operating logic to form a System on Chip (SoC).

[000191] Several modalities can be described here, in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as software, program modules and/or engines being executed by a processor. Generally speaking, software, program modules and/or engines include any element of software arranged to perform specific operations or implement specific types of abstract data. Software, program modules and/or engines may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like, which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. An implementation of the software components and techniques, program modules and/or engines may be stored on, and/or transmitted by, some form of computer readable media. In this sense, computer-readable media can be any available media or media that can be used to store information and that are accessible by a computing device. Some modalities can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices, which are connected through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, program modules and/or engines may reside on both local and remote computer storage media, including on memory storage devices. Memory such as random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device can be used to store information and instructions to be executed by the processor. Memory can also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during the execution of instructions to be executed by the processor.

[000192] Although some embodiments can be illustrated and described as comprising functional components, software, engines and/or modules performing various operations, it can be understood that these components or modules can be implemented by one or more hardware components, software components and /or a combination thereof. Functional components, software, engines and/or modules can be implemented, for example, by logic (eg, instructions, data and/or code) being executed by a logic device (eg, processor). This logic may be stored internally or externally on a logic device, on one or more types of computer-readable storage media. In other embodiments, the functional components such as software, motors, and/or modules may be implemented by hardware elements which may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so on). ), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs) , field programmable gate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, integrated circuits, microchips, chipsets, and so on.

[000193] Examples of software, engines and/or modules may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules , routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols or any combination thereof. Determining whether a modality is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements can vary depending on any number of factors, such as desired computational speed, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle allowance , input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds, and other design or performance constraints.

[000194] One or more of the modules described herein may comprise one or more embedded applications implemented as firmware, software, hardware, or any combination thereof. One or more of the modules described here may include various executable modules, such as software, programs, data, drivers, application programming interfaces (APIs), and so on. The firmware may be stored in memory of the 2016 controller and/or the 2022 controller which may comprise nonvolatile memory (NVM), such as bit-masked read-only memory ( ROM) or flash memory. In many implementations, storing firmware in ROM can preserve flash memory. Non-volatile memory (NVM) may include other types of memory including, for example, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , for "electrically erasable programmable ROM"), or battery backed random-access memory (RAM, for "random-access memory") battery-backed as dynamic RAM (DRAM, for "dynamic RAM"), dual-rate DRAM data (DDRAM, for "Double-Data-Rate DRAM"), and/or synchronous DRAM (SDRAM, for "synchronous DRAM").

[000195] In some cases, several modalities can be implemented in the form of an article of manufacture. The article of manufacture may include computer-readable storage medium arranged to store logic, instructions and/or data for performing various operations of one or more embodiments. In various embodiments, for example, the article of manufacture may comprise a magnetic disk, an optical disk, flash memory or firmware containing computer program instructions suitable for execution by a general purpose processor or application specific processor. Modalities, however, are not limited in this context.

[000196] The functions of the various functional elements, logic blocks, modules and circuit elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as software, control modules, logic and/or logic modules executed by the processing unit. In general, software, control modules, logic and/or logic modules comprise any software element prepared to perform specific operations. Software, control modules, logic and/or logic modules may comprise routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like, which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. An implementation of the software, control modules, logic and/or logic modules and techniques may be stored on, and/or transmitted by, some form of computer readable media. In this sense, computer-readable media can be any available media or media that can be used to store information and that are accessible by a computing device. Some modalities can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices, which are connected through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, control logic modules, and/or logic modules may be located on both local and remote computer storage media, including on memory storage devices.

[000197] Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the embodiments described herein illustrate example implementations, and that the functional elements, logic blocks, modules and circuit elements can be implemented in various other ways that are consistent with the described embodiments. Furthermore, the operations performed by these functional elements, logic blocks, modules and circuit elements may be combined and/or separated by a given application and may be performed by a greater or lesser number of components or modules. As will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has components and features that can be easily separated from, or in combination with, the features of any of the various other aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Any recited method can be performed in the order of the recited events or in any other order that is logically possible.

[000198] It is important to note that any reference to "an embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure or characteristic described in relation to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearance of the phrase "in a modality" or "in an aspect" in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same modality.

[000199] Unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that terms such as "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", or similar, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computer, or similar electronic computing device, such as a general purpose processor, a DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical quantities (e.g. electronics) in records and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within memories, registers or other such storage devices, transmission or display of information.

[000200] It is important to note that some modalities can be described using the expression "coupled" and "connected" together with their derivatives. These terms are not intended to be synonymous with each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms "connected" and/or coupled to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact or electrical contact with each other. The term "coupled", however, can also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other. With respect to software elements, for example, the term "coupled" can refer to interfaces, message interfaces, application program interface (API), message passing, and so on.

[000201] It should be understood that any patent, publication, or other disclosure material incorporated into the present invention by way of reference, in whole or in part, are incorporated into the present invention only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with the definitions, statements or other disclosed material presented in this disclosure. Accordingly, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated by reference into the present invention. Any material, or portion thereof, incorporated herein by reference but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure materials set forth herein, is incorporated herein only to the extent that there is no conflict between the material incorporated and existing disclosure material.

[000202] Disclosed modalities have application in instrumentation for conventional open and endoscopic surgeries, as well as application in robotic-assisted surgery.

[000203] Embodiments of the devices disclosed herein may also be designed to be discarded after a single use, or to be used multiple times. The modalities may, in either or both cases, be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning can include any combination of the steps of disassembling the device, followed by cleaning or replacing specific parts, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, embodiments of the device can be disassembled into any number of parts or specific parts of the device can be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. By cleaning and/or replacing specific parts, device modalities can be reassembled for subsequent use in a refurbishment facility, or by a surgical team immediately prior to a surgical procedure. Those skilled in the art will understand that refurbishing a device can use a variety of disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly techniques. The use of such techniques and the resulting refurbished device are within the scope of the present application.

[000204] As an example only, the modalities described here can be processed before surgery. First, a new or used instrument can be obtained and, if necessary, cleaned. The instrument can then be sterilized. In a sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed, sealed container, such as a plastic bag or TYVEK. The container and instrument can then be placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, X-rays or high-energy electrons. Radiation can kill bacteria in the instrument and container. The sterilized instrument can then be stored in a sterile container. The sealed container can keep the instrument sterile until it is opened in the medical facility. The device may also be sterilized using any other known technique, including, but not limited to, beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide or water vapor.

[000205] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the components (e.g., operations), devices and purposes described in the present invention, and the accompanying discussion, are used as examples in the interest of conceptual clarity, and that various modifications are contemplated configuration. Accordingly, as used in the present invention, the specific exemplars shown and the accompanying discussion are intended to be representative of their more general classes. In general, the use of any specific instance is intended to be representative of its class, and the failure to include specific components (eg, operations), devices, and objects should not be considered limiting.

[000206] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms in the present invention, those skilled in the art may switch from plural to singular and/or from singular to plural as appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations are not expressly shown in the present invention for the sake of clarity.

[000207] The subject described in the present invention sometimes illustrates distinct components contained in other distinct components, or related to them. It is necessary to understand that these represented architectures are merely examples, and that, in fact, many other architectures that achieve the same functionality can be implemented. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" if the desired functionality is achieved. Thus, any two components mentioned in the present invention that are combined to achieve a specific functionality can be seen as "associated" with each other if the desired functionality is achieved, regardless of architectures or intermediate components. Similarly, any of these two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to one another to achieve the desired functionality, and any of these two components capable of being associated in this way can be viewed as being "operably coupleable" to one another to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably attachable components include, but are not limited to, components that physically snap together and/or physically interact, and/or those that can interact wirelessly, and/or that interact logically, and/or can interact by logic.

[000208] Some aspects can be described using the expression "coupled" and "connected" together with their derivatives. It must be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms. For example, some aspects may be described using the term "connected" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact or electrical contact with each other. In another example, some aspects can be described using the term "coupled" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact or in electrical contact. The term "coupled", however, can also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other.

[000209] In some cases, one or more components may be called in the present invention "configured to", "configurable to", "operable/operational to", "adapted/adaptable to", "capable of", "conformable/ conformed to", etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that "configured to" can generally encompass components in an active state, and/or components in an inactive state, and/or components in a standby state, unless the context dictates otherwise.

[000210] Although specific aspects of the present subject described herein have been shown and described, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that, based on the teachings in the present invention, changes and modifications can be produced without departing from the subject described herein and its aspects broader, and therefore the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as they are within the true scope of the subject matter described herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open-ended" terms (for example, the term "including" shall be construed as "including but not limited to", the term "having" shall be construed as "having at least", the term "includes" shall be construed as "includes but is not limited to", etc. ). It will further be understood by those skilled in the art that when a specific number of an entered claim recitation is intended, such intention will be expressly recited in the claim and, in the absence of such recitation, no intention is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of these phrases should not be taken to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any specific claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only such a recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and the indefinite articles such as "a" or "a" (e.g., "a" and/or "a" are typically to be interpreted to mean " at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce recitations of claims.

[000211] Furthermore, even when a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is expressly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that the recitation must typically be interpreted as meaning at least the number recited (e.g., the mere recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in cases where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc" is used, in general, this construction is intended in the sense that one skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system that has at least one of A, B, and C" can include, but is not limited to, systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those cases where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc" is used, in general, this construction is intended in the sense that one skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system that has at least one of A, B, and C" may include, but is not limited to, systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C in together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that typically a disjunctive word and/or phrase featuring two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms, or both terms, unless the context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase "A or B" will typically be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B".

[000212] With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations referred to therein can, in general, be carried out in any order. Also, although various operational flows are presented in some sequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in orders other than those illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplementary, simultaneous, inverse, or other miscellaneous orderings, unless the context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms such as "responsive to", "relating to" or other adjectival participles are not generally intended to exclude these variants, except where the context dictates otherwise.

[000213] In summary, numerous benefits resulting from the use of the concepts described in this document have been described. The aforementioned description of one or more embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. This description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form presented. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. One or more modalities have been chosen and described for the purpose of illustrating the principles and practical application, thus allowing the person skilled in the art to use the various modalities and with numerous modifications, as appropriate for the specific use envisaged. The attached claims are intended to define the overall scope.

Claims (10)

1. Surgical instrument control circuit (1100), characterized in that it comprises: a primary processor (1106); a security processor (1104) in signal communication with the primary processor; and a segmented circuit (1100) comprising a plurality of circuit segments (1102a-1102g) in signal communication with the primary processor, the plurality of circuit segments comprising a storage verification segment configured to indicate when a surgical instrument was properly stored and sterilized, wherein the storage verification segment comprises at least one sensor configured to detect one or more improper storage or sterilization parameters, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a temperature sensor, and wherein the food processor security is configured to prevent the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when the temperature sensor detects a temperature greater than a predetermined threshold. 2. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fall protection sensor, and in which the security processor is configured to prevent the operation of at least one of the plurality of segments of circuit when the drop protection sensor detects that the surgical instrument has been dropped. 3. Control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the fall protection sensor comprises a shock sensor. 4. Control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the fall protection sensor comprises an accelerometer. 5. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor comprises a bimetallic temperature strip. 6. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a humidity detection sensor, and in which the security processor is configured to control the operation of at least one of the plurality of segments of circuit when the moisture detection sensor detects the presence of moisture. 7. Control circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that the humidity detection sensor is configured to detect an autoclave cycle, and the security processor is configured to prevent the operation of the surgical instrument, except when the autoclave cycle has been detected. 8. Control circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that the security processor is configured to prevent the operation of at least one of the plurality of circuit segments when moisture is detected during a staged circuit startup . 9. Control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor is configured to detect the sterilization of the surgical instrument. 10. Control circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that the correct sterilization of the surgical instrument corresponds to a temperature between a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value.

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