BR112015008794B1 - method to increase drought tolerance of plants and use of a compound - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD FOR PLANT TREATMENT, USE OF A COMPOUND AND USE OF SPRAYING SOLUTIONS. The present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) to increase tolerance in plants to abiotic stress and the associated increase in plant growth and / or increase in plant yield, and corresponding methods.

Description

[001] The present invention relates to the use of N-cyclopropyl-N- [benzyl-substituted] -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives and / or its salts to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in plants and the associated increase in plant growth and / or increase in plant yield, and associated methods.

[002] N-Cyclopropyl-N- [benzyl-substituted] -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives, their preparation from commercially available materials and their use as fungicides are disclosed in documents W020071087906, W020091016220, W020101130767 and EP2251331. It is also known that these compounds can be used as fungicides and mixed with other fungicides or insecticides (cf. patent applications PCT / EP20121001676 and PCT / EP20121001674).

[003] Plants are known to react to natural stress conditions, for example, heat and dryness or lack of water (although dryness and lack of water also cause water stress), cold, salinity, UV light, damage, attack by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects), etc., but also herbicides, with specific or nonspecific defense mechanisms [Pflanzenbiochemie (Plant Biochemistry), p. 393-462, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford, Hans W. Heldt, 1996; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, p. 1102-1203, American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Maryland, eds. Buchanan, Gruissem, Jones, 2000].

[004] In plants, there is knowledge of numerous proteins, and the genes that encode them, that are involved in defense reactions to stress by abiotic (for example, cold, heat, drought, salt, floods). Some of them are part of the signal transduction chains (for example, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases) or cause a physiological response of the plant cell (for example, the transport of ions, the deactivation of reactive oxygen species). The genes of the signal chains of the reaction to abiotic stress include transcription factors of the DREB and CBF classes (Jaglo-Ottosen et al, 1998, Science 280: 104-106). The reaction to salt stress involves phosphatases of types ATPK and MP2C. In addition, in the case of salinity stress, osmolyte biosynthesis, such as proline or sucrose, is often activated. This involves, for example, sucrose synthase and the proline transporter (Hasegawa et al, 2000, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 51: 463-499). The defense of stress from plants to cold and drought uses some of the same molecular mechanisms. There is a known accumulation of what are called abundant proteins in late embryogenesis (LEA proteins), which include dehydrins as an important class (Ingram and Bartels, 1996, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47: 277-403, Close, 1997, Physiol Plant 100: 291-296). These are chaperones that stabilize vesicles, proteins and membrane structures in stressed plants (Bray, 1993, Plant Physiol 103: 1035-1040). In addition, there is often an induction of aldehyde dehydrogenases, which deactivate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed in the event of oxidative stress (Kirch et al, 2005, Plant Mol Biol 57: 315-332).

[005] Heat shock factors (HSF) and heat shock proteins (HSP) are activated in the case of thermal stress and play a similar role here as chaperones to that of dehydrins in the case of cold and dry stress (Yu et al. , 2005, Mol Cells 19: 328-333).

[006] A number of endogenous plant signaling substances are already known to be involved in stress tolerance or pathogenic defense. Examples here include salicylic acid, benzoic acid, jasmonic acid or ethylene [Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, p. 850-929, American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Maryland, eds. Buchanan, Gruissem, Jones, 2000]. Some of these substances or their stable synthetic derivatives and derived structures are also effective in external application to plants or in seed treatment, and activate the defense reactions that cause high tolerance to stress or pathogenic tolerance of the plant [Sembdner and Parthier, 1993, Ann . Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 569-589],

[007] Additionally, it is known that chemical substances can increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. Such substances are applied by seed treatment, leaf spray or soil treatment. For example, an increase in tolerance to abiotic stress in crop plants is described by treatment with acquired systemic resistance (SAR) inducers or abscisic acid derivatives (Schading and Wei, WO-200028055, Abrams and Gusta, US-5201931 , Churchill et al., 1998, Plant Growth Regul 25: 35-45) or azibenzolar-S-methyl. Similar effects are also observed in the application of fungicides, especially from the group of strobilurins or succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and are often also accompanied by an increase in yield (Draber et al., DE-3534948, Bartlett et al., 2002 , Pest Manag Sci 60: 309). It is also known that the herbicide glyphosate in low dosage stimulates the growth of some species of plants (Cedergreen, Env. Pollution 2008, 156, 1099).

[008] In addition, the effects of growth regulators on stress tolerance of crop plants have been described (Morrison and Andrews, 1992, J Plant Growth Regul 11: 113-117, RD-259027). In the case of osmotic stress, a protective effect was observed as a result of the application of osmolytes, for example, glycine betaine or its biochemical precursors, for example, choline derivatives (Chen et al, 2000, Plant Cell Environ. 23: 609 -618, Bergmann et al, DE-4103253.). The effect of antioxidants, for example, naphthols and xanthines, has also been described to increase tolerance to abiotic stress in plants (Bergmann et al., DD-277832, Bergmann et al., DD-277835). However, the molecular causes of the anti-stress action of these substances are largely unknown.

[009] Additionally, it is known that the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress can be increased by modifying the activity of endogenous poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) or poly- (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARG) (from Block et al., The Plant Journal, 2004, 41, 95; Levine et al, FEES Lett 1998, 440, 1; WO00 / 04173; W004 / 090140).

[010] It is known, therefore, that plants have several mechanisms of endogenous reaction that can provide an effective defense against a wide variety of different harmful organisms and / or natural abiotic stress.

[011] Since ecological and economic requirements for modern crop treatment compositions are constantly increasing, for example, with regard to toxicity, selectivity, application rate, waste formation and favorable manufacturing, there is a need constant development of new compositions for the treatment of cultures that have advantages over those known, at least in some areas.

[012] It was therefore an objective of the present invention to provide new compounds that increase tolerance to abiotic stress in plants.

em que T representa um átomo de oxigênio ou de enxofre e X é selecionado a partir da lista de 2-isopropila, 2-ciclopropila, 2-terc-butila, 5-cloro-2- etila, 5-cloro-2-isopropila, 2-etil-5-flúor, 5-flúor-2-isopropila, 2-ciclopropil-5-flúor, 2- ciclopentil-5-flúor, 2-flúor-6-isopropila, 2-etil-5-metila, 2-isopropil-5-metila, 2- ciclopropil-5-metila, 2-terc-butil-5-metila, 5-cloro-2-(trifluormetila), 5-metil-2- (trifluormetila), 2-cloro-6-(trifluormetila), 3-cloro-2-flúor-6-(trifluormetila) e 2-etil-4,5- dimetila, ou um seu sal agroquimicamente aceitável, para o aumento da tolerância ao estresse abiótico em plantas.[013] The present invention therefore provides for the use of a compound having the formula (I)

where T represents an oxygen or sulfur atom and X is selected from the list of 2-isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl, 2-tert-butyl, 5-chloro-2-ethyl, 5-chloro-2-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-fluorine, 5-fluorine-2-isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorine, 2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorine, 2-fluorine-6-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-methyl, 2- isopropyl-5-methyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-methyl, 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl, 5-chloro-2- (trifluoromethyl), 5-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl), 2-chloro-6- (trifluoromethyl), 3-chloro-2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) and 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl, or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof, to increase tolerance to abiotic stress in plants.

- em que T representa um átomo de oxigênio ou de enxofre e X é selecionado a partir da lista de 2-isopropila, 2-ciclopropila, 2-terc-butila, 5-cloro-2- etila, 5-cloro-2-isopropila, 2-etil-5-flúor, 5-flúor-2-isopropila, 2-ciclopropil-5-flúor, 2- ciclopentil-5-flúor, 2-flúor-6-isopropila, 2-etil-5-metila, 2-isopropil-5-metila, 2- ciclopropil-5-metila, 2-terc-butil-5-metila, 5-cloro-2-(trifluormetila), 5-metil-2- (trifluormetila), 2-cloro-6-(trifluormetila), 3-cloro-2-flúor-6-(trifluormetila) e 2-etil-4,5- dimetila, ou um seu sal agroquimicamente aceitável.[014] The invention also relates to a method for treating plants in need of tolerance to abiotic stress, which comprises the application to said plants, the seeds from which they grow or the place where they grow, in an effective amount non-phytotoxic to increase the resistance of plants to abiotic stressors, of a compound according to formula (I):

- where T represents an oxygen or sulfur atom and X is selected from the list of 2-isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl, 2-tert-butyl, 5-chloro-2-ethyl, 5-chloro-2-isopropyl , 2-ethyl-5-fluorine, 5-fluor-2-isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorine, 2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorine, 2-fluor-6-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-methyl, 2 -isopropyl-5-methyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-methyl, 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl, 5-chloro-2- (trifluoromethyl), 5-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl), 2-chloro-6 - (trifluoromethyl), 3-chloro-2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) and 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl, or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof.

[015] In a particular embodiment, abiotic stress is drought, heat stress, dryness or lack of water.

[016] Preference is given to the use and method according to the invention, in which the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine- N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A1), N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl - 1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A2), - N- (2-tert-butylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide (compound A3), - N- (5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A4), - N- (5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A5), - N-cyclopropyl-3 - (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A6), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5- fluorine-N- (5-fluorine-2-isopropylbenzyl) -1- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A7), - N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-fl uorobenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A8), - N- (2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- ( difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A9), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-N- (2-fluor-6-isopropylbenzyl) - 1- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A10), - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl- 1 H -pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A11), - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -1- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A12), - N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A13), N - (2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazM-carboxamide (compound A14), - N- [5-chloro- 2- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A15), - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) - 5-fluoro-1-methyl-N- [5-methyl 1-2- (trifluormethyl) benzyl] -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A16), - N- [2-chloro-6- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5 -fluor- 1 -m ethyl I-1H -pi razol-4-carboxa m (a with station A17), - N- [3-chloro-2-fluor-6- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl -3- (difluormethyl) - 5-fluoro-1-methyl 1-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A18). - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1 - methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A19), - and N- cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carbothio-amide (compound A20), - or an agrochemical acceptable salt,

[017] The term "useful plants" used here refers to crop plants that are used as plants for obtaining food, feed for animals or for industrial purposes.

[018] The present invention therefore provides the use of at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or its salts, and any desired mixtures of the compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or its compounds. salts with agrochemical active ingredients, according to the definition below, and to the method using that compound, its mixtures or its salts, to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors, preferably to water stress, especially to improve the plant growth and / or to increase plant yield.

[019] The present invention further provides a spray solution for the treatment of plants, which comprises an amount effective to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors, preferably to water stress, of at least one compound of the formula (I ) as defined herein or its salts. Abiotic stress conditions that can be re-activated may include, for example, dry, cold and hot conditions, osmotic stress, flooding, high soil salinity, high exposure to minerals, ozone conditions, strong light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients.

[020] In one embodiment, it is possible, for example, that at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salts is applied by spraying to suitable plants or parts of plants to be treated. The use of at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salts, according to the invention, is preferably carried out with a dosage between 0.0005 and 3 kg / ha, more preferably between 0.001 and 2 kg / ha, especially preferably between 0.005 and 1 kg / ha. When, in the context of the present invention, abscisic acid is used simultaneously with at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salts, for example, in the context of a joint preparation or formulation, abscisic acid is preferably added at a dosage between 0.001 and 3 kg / ha, more preferably between 0.005 and 2 kg / ha, especially preferably between 0.01 and 1 kg / ha.

[021] The term "resistance to abiotic stress" is understood in the context of the present invention to mean various types of advantages for plants. Such advantageous properties are manifested, for example, in the following improved characteristics of the plants: increased root growth in relation to area and depth, increased formation of stolons and tillers, stronger and more productive stolons and tillers, increase in part growth aerial, increased resistance to surface lodging, increased base diameter of aerial parts, increased leaf area, higher yields of nutrients and constituents, for example, carbohydrates, fats, oils, proteins, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, dyes , fibers, better fiber quality, early flowering, increased number of flowers, reduced content of toxic products, such as mycotoxins, reduced content of residues or disadvantageous constituents of any kind, or better digestibility, better storage stability of the harvested material, better tolerance to disadvantageous temperatures, better tolerance to drought and dryness or lack of water (although aridity and lack of water also cause water stress), as well as oxygen deficiency as a result of flooding, greater tolerance to high salt content in soil and water, greater tolerance to ozone stress, improved compatibility with herbicides and other crop treatment compositions, better water absorption and photosynthesis performance, advantageous properties of plants, for example, accelerated ripening, more homogeneous ripening, greater attractiveness to beneficial animals, better pollination, or other well-known advantages for a person with skill in the technique.

[022] More particularly, the inventive use and method has the advantages described in spraying to plants and parts of plants. Combinations of at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or its salts with substances that include insecticides, attractants, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, growth regulators, phytotoxicity protectors, substances that influence plant maturity, and bactericides can also be used to control plant disorders in the context of the present invention. In addition, the combined use of at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or its salts with genetically modified cultivars is also possible with a view to increasing tolerance to abiotic stress, preferably water stress.

[023] The following list of fungicides in combination with which the compounds according to the invention can be used is intended to illustrate possible combinations, but not to impose any limitations:

[024] The active ingredients referred to here by their “common name” are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual or can be searched on the internet (for example, http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).

[025] Where a compound (A) or a compound (B) may be present in tautomeric form, such a compound is understood herein before and hereinafter also including, where applicable, corresponding tautomeric forms, even when these are not specifically mentioned in each case. 1) Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, for example (1.1) aldimorf, (1.2) azaconazole, (1.3) bitertanol, (1.4) bromuconazole, (1.5) cyproconazole, (1.6) diclobutrazol, (1.7) diphenoconazole, (1.8) diniconazole, (1.9) diniconazole-M, (1.10) dodemorf, (1.11) dodemorf acetate, (1.12) epoxiconazole, (1.13) etaconazole, (1.14) fenarimol, (1.15) fenbuconazole, (1.16) fenhexamide, (1.17) fenpropidine, ( 1.18) fenpropimorph, (1.19) fluquinconazole, (1.20) flurprimidol, (1.21) flusilazole, (1.22) flutriafol, (1.23) furconazole, (1.24) furconazol-cis, (125) hexaconazole, (1.26) imazalyl, (1.27) sulfate of imazalila, (1.28) imibenconazole, (1.29) ipconazole, (1.30) metconazole, (1.31) miclobutanil, (1.32) naphthifine, (1.33) nuarimol, (1.34) oxpoconazole, (1.35) paclobutrazol, (1.36) pefurazoate, ( ) penconazole, (1.38) piperalin, (1.39) prochloraz, (1.40) propiconazole, (1.41) protioconazole, (1.42) pyributicarb, (1.43) pyrifenox, (1.44) quinconazole, (1.45) simeconazole, (1.46) spiroxamine, (1.47) ) tebuconazo 1, (1.48) terbinafine, (1.49) tetraconazole, (1.50) triadimefon, (1.51) triadimenol, (1.52) tridemorph, (1.53) triflumizole, (1.54) triforin, (1.55) triticonazole, (1.56) uniconazole, (1.57) uniconazole-p, (1.58) viniconazole, (1.59) voriconazole, (1.60) 1- (4-chlorophenyl) -2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) cyclohepta nol, (1.61) 1 - Methyl (2,2-d imethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-1-yl) -1 H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, (1.62) N '- {5- (difluormethyl) -2-methyl-4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.63) N-ethyl-N-methyl-N '- {2- methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl) -4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} imidoformamide, (1.64) 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate of O- [1- (4-methoxyphenoxy) -3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl], ( 1.65) Pyrisoxazole. 2) Respiratory chain inhibitors in complex I or II, for example, (2.1) bixafene, (2.2) boscalide, (2.3) carboxine, (2.4) diflumetorim, (2.5) fenfuram, (2.6) fluopyram, (2.7) flutolanil, (2.8) fluxpyroxade, (2.9) furametpir, (2.10) furmeciclox, (2.11) isopirasam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS, 4SR, 9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS, 4SR, 9SR), (2.12) isopirasam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS, 4SR, 9SR), (2.13) isopirasam (1R, 4S, 9S antiepimeric enantiomer), (2.14) isopirasam (1S, 4R, 9R antiepimeric enantiomer), (2.15) isopirasam (1RS, 4SR, 9RS sin-epidermal racemate) , (2.16) isopirasam (1R, 4S, 9R syn-epimeric enantiomer), (2.17) isopirasam (1S, 4R, 9S syn-epimeric enantiomer), (2.18) mepronil, (2.19) oxycarboxine, (2.20) penflufen, (2.21) ) pentiopirad, (2.22) silkxane, (2.23) tifluzamide, (2.24) 1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy) phenyl] -3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H- pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.25) 3- (difluormethyl) -1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafiuorethoxy) phenyl] -1 H-pyraz 1-4-carboxamide, (2.26) 3- (difluormethyl) -N- [4-fluoro-2- (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluorpropoxy) pheni] -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide, (2.27) N- [1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -1-methoxypropan-2-yl] -3- (difluormethyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, ( 2.28) 5,8-difluoro-N- [2- (2-fluoro-4- {[4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl] oxy} phenyl) ethyl] quinazolin-4-amine, (2.29) benzovindiflupir, (2.30) N - [(1S, 4R) -9- (dichloromethylene) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -3- (difluoromethyl) -l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.31) N - [(1R, 4S) -9- (dichloromethylene) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -3- ( difluoromethyl) -1- methyl-1 H-pyrazM-carboxamide, (2.32) 3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4 -yl) -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.33) 1,3,5-trimethyl-N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) - 1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.34) 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl) -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.35) 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -N - [(3R) -1,1,3-trim ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.36) 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -N - [(3S) -1,1,3 - trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4dl] -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.37) 3- (difluoromethyl) - 1-methyl-N - [(3S) -1,1, 3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl] -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.38) 3- (difluormethyl) -1-methyl-N - [(3R) -1 , 1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl] -1 H-pyrazM-carboxamide, (2.39) 1,3,5-trimethyl-N - [(3R) -1 , 1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H- inden-4-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.40) 1,3,5-trimethyl-N - [(3S) - 1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (2.41) benodanyl, (2.42) 2-chloro-N- (1,1, 3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl) pyridine-3-carboxamide, (2.43) Isofetamide. 3) Respiratory chain inhibitors in complex III, for example, (3.1) ametoctradin, (3.2) amisulbrom, (3.3) azoxystrobin, (3.4) cyazofamide, (3.5) coumethoxystrobin, (3.6) coumoxystrobin, (3.7) dimoxystrobin, (3.8) enoxastrobin, (3.9) famoxadone, (3.10) phenamidone, (3.11) flufenoxystrobin, (3.12) fluoxastrobin, (3.13) cresoxime-methyl, (3.14) metominostrobin, (3.15), orisastrobin, (3.16) picoxystrobin, (3.17) ) pyraclostrobin, (3.18) pyrametostrobin, (3.19) pyraoxystrobin, (3.20) pyribencarb, (3.21) triclopyricarb, (3.22) trifloxystrobin, (3.23) (2E) -2- (2 - {[6- (3- chlorine-2 -methylphenoxy) -5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl] oxy} phenyl) -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methylacetamide, (3.24) (2E) -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methyl-2- (2 - {[({(1 E) -1 - [3- (trifluormethyl) phenyl] ethylidene} amino) oxy] methyl} phenyl) acetamide, (3.25) (2E) -2- (methoxyimino) -N -methyl-2- {2 - [(E) - ({1- [3- (trifluormethyl) phenyl] ethoxy} imino) methyl] phenyl} acetamide, (3.26) (2E) -2- {2 - [({ [(1 E) -1 - (3 - {[(E) -1-fluor-2-phenylvinyl] oxy} phenyl) ethylidene] amino} oxy) methyl] phenyl} -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methylacetamide, (3.27) Fenaminostrobin, (3.28) 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4- (2 - {[({(1E) -1- [3- ( trifluormethyl) phenyl] ethylidene} amino) oxy] methyl} phenyl) -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, (3.29) (2E) -2- {2 - [({ methyl cyclopropyl [(4-methoxyphenyl) imino] methyl} sulfanyl) methyl] phenyl} -3-methoxyacrylate, (3.30) N- (3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) -3-formamide-2-hydroxybenzamide , (3.31) 2- {2 - [(2,5-dimethylphenoxy) methyl] phenyl} -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.32) 2- {2 - [(2,5-dimethylphenoxy) methyl] phenyl} -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide; (3.33) (2E, 3Z) -5 - {[1- (4-chlorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl] oxy} -2- (methoxyimino) -N, 3-dimethylpent-3-enamide. 4) Mitosis and cell division inhibitors, for example, (4.1) benomyl, (4.2), carbendazim, (4.3) chlorphenazole, (4.4) dietofencarb, (4.5) etaboxam, (4.6), fluopicolide, (4.7) fuberidazole, (4.8) pencicuron, (4.9) thiabendazole, (4.10) thiophanate-methyl, (4.11) thiophanate, (4.12) zoxamide, (4.13) 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidin- 1-yl) -6- (2 , 4,6-trifluorfenyl) [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine, (4.14) 3-chloro-5- (6-chloropyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-4- ( 2,4,6-trifluorfenyl) pyridazine. 5) Compounds capable of acting in several places, for example, (5.1) Bordeaux mixture, (5.2) captafol, (5.3) captan, (5.4) chlorothalonil, (5.5) copper hydroxide, (5.6) copper naphthenate, (5.7) copper oxide, (5.8) copper oxychloride, (5.9) copper sulfate (2+), (5.10) dichlofluanid, (5.11) dithianone, (5.12) dodine, (5.13) dodine free base, (5.14) ferbam, (5.15) fluorofolpet, (5.16) folpet, (5.17) guazatin, (5.18) guazatin acetate, (5.19) iminoctadine, (5.20) iminoctadine albesylate, (5.21) iminoctadine triacetate, (5.22) mancopper, (5.23) mancozeb, (5.24) maneb, (5.25) meth, (5.26) zinc meth, (5.27) oxin-copper, (5.28) propamidine, (5.29) propineb, (5.30) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide , (5.31) take, (5.32) tolylfluanid, (5.33) zineb, (5.34) ziram, (5.35) anilazine. 6) Compounds capable of inducing a defense of the host, for example (6.1) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.2) isothianyl, (6.3) probenazole, (6.4) thiadinyl, (6.5) laminarin. 7) Inhibitors of amino acid and / or protein biosynthesis, for example, (7.1) andoprim, (7.2) blasticidin-S, (7.3) cyprodinil, (7.4) casugamycin, (7.5) hydrated casugamycin hydrochloride (7.6) mepanipyrim, (7.7 ) pyrimethanil, (7.8) 3- (5-fluorine-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl) quinoline, (7.9) oxytetracycline, (7.10) streptomycin. 8) Inhibitors of ATP production, for example (8.1) fentin acetate, (8.2), fentin chloride, (8.3) fentin hydroxide, (8.4) siltiofame. 9) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, for example, (9.1) bentiavalicarb, (9.2) dimetomorf, (9.3) flumorf, (9.4) iprovalicarb, (9.5) mandipropamide, (9.6) polyoxins, (9.7) polyoxorim, (9.8) validamycin A, (9.9) valiphenalate, (9.10) polyoxin B. 10) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, for example, (10.1) biphenyl, (10.2) chloroneb, (10.3) dichloran, (10.4) edifenfos, (10.5) etridiazole, (10.6), iodocarb, (10.7) iprobenphos, (10.8) isoprothiolan, (10.9) propamocarb, (10.10) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.11) protiocarb, (10.12) pyrazophos, (10.13) quintozene, (10.14) technazene, (10.15) tolclofos-methyl. 11) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example, (11.1) carpropamide, (11.2) diclocimet, (11.3) phenoxanil, (11.4) phthalide, (11.5) piroquilon, (11.6) tricyclazole, (11.7) {3-methyl-14 2,2,2-trifluorethyl (4-methylbenzoyl) amino] butan-2-yl} carbamate. 12) Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, for example, (12.1) benalaxyl, (12.2) benalaxikM (kiralaxil), (12.3) bupirimate, (12.4) clozylacon, (12.5) dimethyrimol, (12.6), ethirimol, (12.7) furalaxyl , (12.8) himexazole, (12.9) metalaxyl, (12.10) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (12.11) ofurace, (12.12) oxadixyl, (12.13) oxolinic acid, (12.14) octylinone. 13) Inhibitors of signal transduction, for example, (13.1) clozolinate, (13.2), fenpiclonil, (13.3) fludioxonil, (13.4) iprodione, (13.5) procymidone, (13.6) quinoxyfen, (13.7) vinclozoline, ( 13.8) proquinazide. 14) Compounds capable of acting as a decoupler, for example (14,1) binapacril, (14.2) dinocape, (14.3) ferimzone, (14.4) fluazinam, (14.5) meptildinocape. 15) Additional compounds, for example, (15.1) benthiazole, (15.2) bethoxazin, (15.3) capsimycin, (15.4) carvona, (15.5) quinomethionate, (15.6) pyrophenone (chlazafenone), (15.7) cufraneb, (15.8), cyflufenamide, (15.9) cymoxanil, (15.10) cyprosulfamide, (15.11) dazomete, (15.12) debacarb, (15.13) dichlorophene, (15.14) diclomezine, (15.15) difenzoquat, (15.16) difenzoquat methylsulfate, (15.17) 15.18) ecomate, (15.19) phenpyrazamine, (15.20) flumetover, (15.21) fluoroimide, (15.22) flusulfamide, (15.23) flutianyl, (15.24) fosetyl aluminum, (15.25) phosethyl calcium, (15.26) fosetyl sodium, (15.27) hexachlorobenzene, (15.28) irumamycin, (15.29) metasulfocarb, (15.30) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.31) metrafenone, (15.32) mildiomycin, (15.33) natamycin, (15.34) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.35) -isopropyl, (15.37) oxamocarb, (15.38) oxyfenthiin, (15.39) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.40) phenothrin, (15.41) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.42) propamocarb-phosethylate , (15.43) propanosine-sodium, (15.44) pyrimorph, (15.45) (2E) -3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -1- (morfolin-4-yl ) prop-2-en-1-one, (15.46) (2Z) -3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -1- (morfolin-4-yl) prop -2-en-1-one, (15.47) pyrrolnitrine, (15.48) tebufloquin, (15.49) keyboardoftalam, (15.50) tolnifanide, (15.51) triazoxide, (15.52) triclamide, (15.53) zarilamid, (15.54) 2-methylpropanoate of (3S, 6S, 7R, 8R) -8-benzyl-3 - [({3- [(isobutyryloxy) methoxy] -4-methoxypyridin-2-yl} carbonyl) amino] -6-methyl-4,9- dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl, (15.55) 1- (4- {4 - [(5R) -5- (2,6-difluorfenyl) -4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole- 3-yl] - 1,3-thiazo l-2-yl} p iperid in-1 -yl) -2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl I) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone, (15.56) 1- (4- {4 - [(5S) -5- (2,6-difluorfenyl) -4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2 - yl} piperidin-1 -yl) -2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone, (15.57) 1- (4- {4- [5- (2 , 6-d ifluorphenyl) -4,5-d hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-yl} piperidin-1-yl) -2- [5-methyl-3 - (trifluorm tyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone, 1- (4-methoxyphenoxy) -3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl, (15.59) 2,3, 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate, 5,6-tetrachlor-4- (methyl Ifon il) pyridine, (15.60) 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4 (3H) -one, (15.61) 2 , 6-d imethyl-1 H, 5H- [1,4] dithino [2,3-c: 5,6-c '] dipyrrol-1,3,5,7 (2H, 6H) -tetrone, (15.62 ) 2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] -1 - (4- {4 - [(5R) -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2 -oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-yl} piperidin-1-yl) ethanone, (15.63) 2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -1- (4- {4 - [(5S) -5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-yl} piperidin-1- il) ethanone, (15.64) 2- [5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] -1- {4- [4- (5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1 , 2-oxazol-3-yl) -1,3-thiazol-2-yl] piperidin-1-yl} ethanone, (15.65) 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one , (15.66) 2-chloro-5- [2-chloro-1 - (2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) -4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl] pyridine, (15.67) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.68) 3- (4,4,5-trifluor-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-i l) quinoline7 (15.69) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, (15.70) 3-chloro-5- (4-chlorophenyl) -4- (2,6-difluorphenyl) - 6-methylpyridazine, ( 15.71) 4- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (216-difluorfenyl) -3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (15.72) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.73) 5-chloro- N'-phenyl-N '- (prop-2-in-1-yl) thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.74) 5-fluorine-2 - [(4-fluorobenzyl) oxy] pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.75 ) 5-fluoro-2 - [(4-methylbenzyl) oxy] pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.76) 5-methyl-6-octyl [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7- ethyl amine, (15.77) (2Z) -3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.78) N '- (4 - {[3- (4-chlorobenzyl) -1,2,4-thiadiazole- 5-yl] oxy} -2,5-dimethylphenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15.79) N- (4-chlorobenzyl) -3- [3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-in-1 -yloxy) phenyl] propanamide, (15.80) N - [(4-chlorophenyl) (cyano) methyl] -3- [3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-in-1-yloxy) phenyl] propanamide, (15.81 ) N - [(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) methyl] -2,4-dichloronicotinamide, (15.82) N- [1 - (5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) ethyl] - 2,4- dichloronicotinamide, (15.83) N- [1- ( 5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) ethyl] -2-fluoro-4-iodonicotinamide, (15.84) N - {(E) - [(cyclopropylmethoxy) imino] [6- (difluoromethoxy) -2: 3- difluorfenyl] methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, (15.85) N - {(Z) - [(cyclopropylmethoxy) imino] [6- (difluormethoxy) -2,3-difluorfenyl] methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, (15.86) N ' - {4 - [(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-1,2-thiazol-5-yl) oxy] -2-chloro-5-methylphenyl} -N-ethyl-N-methylididoformamide, (15.87) N -methyl-2- (1 - {[5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl] acetyl} piperidin-4-yl) -N- (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen -1 -yl) -1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, (15.88) N-methyl-2- (1 - {[5-methyl-3- (trifluormethyl) -1 H-pyrazol-1-yl] acetyl } piperid in-4-yl) -N - [(1 R) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl] -1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, (15.89) N-methyl-2 - (1 - {[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl] acetyl} piperidin-4-yl) -N - [(1 S) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaftalen -1-yl] -1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, (15.90) {6 - [({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) (phenyl) methylene] amino} oxy) methyl] pyridin-2-yl} pentyl carbamate, (15.91) phenazine-1-carboxyl acid single, (15.92) quinolin-8-ol, (15.93) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2: 1), (15.94) {6 - [({[(1-methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl ) tert -butyl (phenyl) methylene] amino} oxy) methyl] pyridin-2-ylcarbamate, (15.95) 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -N- [2 '- (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.96) N- (4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3- (difluormethyl) -1- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.97) N- ( 2 ', 4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3- (difluormethyl) - 1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.98) 3- (difluormethyl) -1-methyl-N- [4' - (trifluormethyl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.99) N- (2 ', 5'-difluorbiphenyl-2-yl) -1-methyl 1-3- (triflu rometi I ) -1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15,100) 3- (d ifl uormethyl) -1 - methyl-N- [4 '- (prop-1-in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] - 1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,101) 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N- [4 '- (prop-1 -in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-i] -1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, (15.102) 2-chloro-N- [4 '- (prop-1-in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] nicotinamide, (15,103) 3- (difluoromethyl) -N- [4'- (3,3-dimethylbut-1-in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1-methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,104) N- [4 '- (3,3-dimethylbut-1 -in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -5-fluor-1,3-d imethyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.105) 3- (difluormethyl) -N- (4'-ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,106) N- (4'- ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl) -5-fluor-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.107) 2-chloro-N- (4'-ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide, (15.108) 2 -chloro-N- [4 '- (3,3-dimethylbut-1 -in-1 -yl) biphenyl-2-yl] nicotinamide, (15.109) 4- (difluormethyl) -2-methyl-N- [4' - (trifluormethyl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1,3-thiazol-5-carboxamide, (15,110) 5-fluorine-N- [4 '- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-in-1-yl ) biphenyl-2-yl] -1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,111) 2-chloro-N- [4 '- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-in-1 -i!) biphenyl-2-yl] nicotinamide, (15,112) 3- (difluormethyl) - N- [4 '- (3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,113) 5-fluorine-N- [4 '- (3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-in-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1, 3-d imethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,114) 2-chloro-N- [4 '- (3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-in-1-yl ) biphenyl-2-i I] n icotinamide, (15,115) (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl) (213,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl) methanone, (15,116) N- [2- (4 - {[3- (4-chlorophenyl) prop-2-in-1-yl] ox i} -3-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] -N2- (methylsulfonyl) valinamide, (15,117) acid 4 -oxo ^ 4 - [(2-phenylethyl) amino] butanoic, (15,118) {6 - [({[(Z) - (1-methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl) (phenyl) methylene] amino} oxy) methyl] pyridin-2-yl} but-3-in-1-yl carbamate, (15,119) 4-amino-5-fluorpirimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluorpirimidin-2 ( 1H) -one), (15,120) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15,121) 1,3-dimethyl-N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H- inden-4-iI) -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,122) 1,3-dimethyl-N - [(3R) - 1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H- inden-4-yl] -1 H-pyrazM-carboxamide, (15.123) 1,3-dimethyl-N - [(3S) -1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4 -yl] -1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,124) [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2,4-difluorphenyl) -1,2-oxazol-4-i] (pi rid in-3-yl) methanol, (15,125) (S) - [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2,4-diflu orphenyl) -1,2-oxazol-4-yl] (pyridin-3-yl) methanol, (15.126) (R) - [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2,4-difluorphenyl ) -1,2-oxazol-4-yl] (pyridin-3-yl) methanol, (15.127) 2 - {[3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorphenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl} -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (15,128) 1 √ [3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorfenyl) oxiran thiocyanate -2-yl] methyl} -1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, (15,129) 5- (allylsulfanyl) -1 - {[3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2.4 -difluorfenyl) oxiran-2-yl] metii} -1 H- 1,2,4-triazole, (15,130) 2- [1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5 ~ h idroxy-2,6 , 6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (15,131) 2 - {[rel (2R, 3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl ) -2- (2,4-difluorfenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,132) 2- {[rel (2R , 3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorphenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,133) 1 - {[rel (2R, 3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorphenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -1 H-1,2,4 -triazol-5-yl, (15,134) 1- {[rel (2R, 3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) thiocyanate) -2- (2,4-difluorfenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, (15,135) 5- (allylsulfanyl) -1 - {[rel (2R , 3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-difluorphenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -1 H-1,2,4-triazole, (15,136) 5- (allylsulfanyl) - 1 - {[rel (2R, 3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2,4-d ifluorphenyl) oxiran-2-yl] methyl} -1 H-1,2,4-triazole, ( 15,137) 2 - [(2S, 4S, 5S) -1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1 , 2,4-triazol-3-thione, (15,138) 2 - [(2R, 4S, 5S) -1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl ] -2,4- d ihid ro-3 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (15,139) 2 - [(2R, 4R, 5R) -1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5 - hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,140) 2- [(2S, 4R, 5R) -1 - (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,141 ) 2 - [(2S, 4S, 5R) -1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2 , 4-triazol-3-thione, (15,142) 2 - [(2R, 4S, 5R) -1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6-tnmethylheptan-4-yl] - 2,4-dihid ro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,143) 2 - [(2R, 4R, 5S) -1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl] - 2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (15,144) 2 - [(2S, 4R, 5S) -1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -5- hydroxy-2; 6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15,145) 2- fluorine-6- (trifluormethyl) -N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) benzamide, (15,146) 2- (6-benzylpyridin-2-yl) quinazoline, (15,147) 2- [ 6- (3-fluoro-methoxyphenyl) -5-methylpyridin-2-yl] quinazoline, (15,148) 3- (4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl) quinoline, (15,149) abscisic acid, (15,150) 3- (difluormethyl) -N-methoxy-1-methyl-N- [1- (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) propan-2-yl] -1H-pyrazol-4- carboxamide, (15,151) N '- [5-bromo- 6- (2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy) -2-methylpyridin-3-yl] -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,152 ) N '- {5-bromo-6- [1 - (3,5-difluorfenyl) ethoxy] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,153) N' - {5- bromo-6 - [(1 R) -1 - (3f 5-d ifluorfen yl) ethoxy] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylIMid oformamide, (15,154) N '- {5-bromo-6 - [(1S) -1- (3,5-difluorfeni!) ethoxy] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,155) N '- {5-bromo-6 - [(cis-4-Isopropylcyclohexyl) oxy] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,156) N' - {5- bromo-6 - [(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl) oxide] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,157) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluorine-N - (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,158) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropylbenzi!) - 3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,159) N- (2-tert-butylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) - 5-fluor-1-methyl 1-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, ( 15.160) N- (5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,161) N- (5-chloro- 2-isopropylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,162) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl -5-11uorbenzyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,163) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (5- fluor-2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,164) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2 -cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -3- (dif! uormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,165) N- (2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.166) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor- N- (2-fluor- 6-isopropyl Ibenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15.167) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,168) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4- carboxamide, (15,169) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,170) N- (2 -tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,171) N- [5-chloro-2- (trifluormethyl ) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl- 3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluorine-1 - methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,172) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-N- [5-methyl-2- (trifluormethyl) benzyl] -1H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide, (15,173) N- [2-chloro-6- (tnfluormethyl) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,174) N- [3-chloro-2-fluoro- 6- (trifluormethyl) benzyl] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, ( 15.175) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,176) N-cyclopropyl- 3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carbothioamide, (15.177) 3- (difluormethyl) -N- (7-fluor-1,1 , 3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,178) 3- (difluormethyl) -N - [(3R) - 7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-i] -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,179) 3- (difluormethyl) - N - [(3S) -7-fluorine-1 J, 3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl] -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, (15,180) N '- (2 ! 5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,181) N '- {4- [(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) oxide] -2, 5-dimethylphenyl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15,182) N- (4-chloro-2,6-difluorphenyl) -4- (2-chloro-4-fluorphenyl) -1,3-dimethyl-1H- pyrazole-5-amine; (15,183) 2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -1 - (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol, (15,184) 2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluormethyl) phenyl] -1- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (15,185) 2- [4- (4 -chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -1 - (1 H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-2-ol, (15,186) 2- [2-chloro-4- (4 -chlorophenoxy) phenyl] -1 - (1 H-1, 2,4-triazol-1 - yl) buta n-2-o I, (15,187) 2- [2-chloro-4- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy ) phenyl] -1 - (1 H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) propa n-2-ol, (15,188) 9-fluorine-2,2-d imethyl-5- (quinolin-3- il) -2,3-d ih id ro-1,4-benzoxazepine, (15,189) 2- {2-fluoro-6 - [(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl) oxy] phenyl} propan- 2- ol, (15,190) 2- {2 - [(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl) oxy] -6-fluorophenyl} propan-2-ol.

[026] All named mixing partners of classes (1) to (15) may, if their functional groups permit, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.

[027] As is known, some of the various types of advantages for plants, which have been mentioned above, can be combined, and the generally applicable terms can be used to describe them. Such terms are, for example, the following names: phytotonic effect, resistance to stress factors, less plant stress, plant health, healthy plants, plant fitness, plant well-being, plant concept, vigor effect, stress, protective shield, crop health, crop health properties, crop health products, crop health management, crop health therapy, phytosanitary, phytosanitary properties, phytosanitary products, phytosanitary management, phytosanitary therapy, health effect greening or new greening effect, freshness, or other terms that a person skilled in the art is completely familiar with.

[028] In the context of the present invention, a positive effect on resistance to abiotic stress is understood to be, without limitation, - at least one appearance improved by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than than 10%, - at least a yield increased by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, - at least an improved root development by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, of preferably more than 10%, - at least an increase in root size by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, - at least one leaf area increased by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, - at least one appearance improved by generally 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, - at least improved photosynthesis performance in generally 3 %, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, and / or - at least one flower formation generally improved by 3%, especially more than 5%, preferably more than 10%,

[029] and the effects can occur individually or in any other combination of two or more effects.

[030] The present invention further provides a spray solution for the treatment of plants, which comprises an amount, effective to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors, preferably to water stress, of at least one compound of the formula ( I) as defined herein or its salts. The spray solution can comprise other customary constituents, such as solvents, formulation aids, especially water. Other components may include active agrochemical ingredients described in detail below.

[031] The present invention also provides the use of corresponding spray solutions to increase the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors, preferably to water stress. The following observations apply both to the inventive use of at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or its salts, per se and corresponding spray solutions, and to the method of the invention which comprises the application of said compound, its salt, and corresponding spray solutions.

[032] In accordance with the invention, it has further been found that it is possible to apply, to plants or in their environment, at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salts, in combination with at least one fertilizer , as defined below.

[033] Fertilizers that can be used according to the invention in conjunction with at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined herein or their salts are generally compounds containing organic and inorganic nitrogen, for example, ureas, condensation products urea / formaldehyde, amino acids, ammonium salts and ammonium nitrates, potassium salts (preferably chlorides, sulfates, nitrates), phosphoric acid salts and / or phosphoric acid salts (preferably potassium salts and ammonium salts) . In this context, particular mention should be made of NPK fertilizers, that is, fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ammonium nitrate and calcium, that is, fertilizers that additionally contain calcium nitrate or ammonium sulphate (formula (NFU ^ SC ^ NFUNOs), ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate These fertilizers are common knowledge to those skilled in the art; see also, for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, Vol. A 10, pages 323 to 431, Verlagsgesellschaft , Weinheim, 1987.

[034] Fertilizers may also contain micronutrient salts (preferably calcium, sulfur, boron, manganese, magnesium, iron, boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and cobalt) and phytohormones (for example, vitamin B1 and indole- 3-acetic) or their mixtures. The fertilizers used according to the invention can also contain other salts such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diamonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulphate. Adequate amounts of secondary nutrients, or trace elements, are amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total fertilizer. Possible additional ingredients are crop protection compositions, insecticides or fungicides, growth regulators or mixtures thereof. This will be explained in more detail below.

[035] Fertilizers can be used, for example, in the form of powders, granules, spherules or compacts. However, fertilizers can also be used in liquid form, dissolved in an aqueous medium. In this case, diluted aqueous ammonia can also be used as a nitrogen fertilizer. Additional possible ingredients for fertilizers are described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, 1987, volume A 10, pages 363-401, documents DE-A 41 28 828, DE-A 19 05 834 and DE- A 196 31 764. The general composition of fertilizers, which, in the context of the present invention, may take the form of simple fertilizers and / or compounds, for example, compounds of nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus, can vary over a wide range . In general, a content of 1 to 30% by weight of nitrogen (preferably 5 to 20% by weight), 1 to 20% by weight of potassium (preferably 3 to 15% by weight) and a content of 1 to 20% by weight of phosphorus (preferably 3 to 10% by weight). The content of the microelement is generally in the range of ppm, preferably in the range of 1 to 1000 ppm. In the context of the present invention, the fertilizer and the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt thereof can be administered simultaneously, that is, in a synchronized manner. However, it is also possible to first apply the fertilizer and then the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt thereof, or first apply the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt thereof, and then then the fertilizer. In the case of non-synchronous application of the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt and fertilizer thereof, application within the scope of the present invention is, however, carried out in a functional relationship, especially within a period of generally 24 hours, preferably 18 hours, more preferably 12 hours, specifically 6 hours, more specifically 4 hours, even more specifically within 2 hours. In very particular embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt and fertilizer thereof are applied within less than 1 hour, preferably less than 30 minutes, more preferably less 15 minutes.

[036] The compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt thereof to be used according to the invention, can preferably be applied to the following plants, if appropriate, in combination with fertilizers, although the following list does not be limiting.

[037] Preferred plants are those from the group of useful plants, ornamental plants, types of grass, commonly used trees that are used as ornamental plants in public and domestic spaces, and forest trees. Forest trees include trees for the production of wood, cellulose, paper and products made from parts of the trees. The term "useful plants" used here refers to cultivated plants that are used as plants for obtaining food, animal feed, fuel or for industrial purposes.

[038] Useful plants include, for example, the following types of plants: triticale, durum (durum wheat), peat, vines, cereals, for example, wheat, barley, rye, oats, hops, rice, corn and millet / sorghum; beet, for example, sugar beet and fodder beet; fruits, for example, pomoideas, stone fruits and soft fruits, for example, apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries and berries, for example, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries; vegetables, for example, beans, lentils, peas and soy; oilseeds, for example, rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor beans, cocoa beans and peanuts; cucurbits, for example jerimum / pumpkin, cucumbers and melons; fibrous plants, for example, cotton, linen, hemp and jute; citrus fruit, for example, oranges, lemons, grapefruit and tangerines; vegetables, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes and peppers; Lauraceae, for example avocado, Cinnamonum, camphor, or also plants like tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplant, sugar cane, tea, pepper, vines, hops, bananas, latex and ornamental plants, such as flowers, shrubs, deciduous trees and coniferous trees. This enumeration is not a limitation.

[039] Target cultures particularly suitable for the use of the method and use according to the invention, that is, the increase in tolerance to stress through the application of 4-phenibutyric acid and / or one or more of its salts, are considered the following plants: oats, rye, triticale, durum, cotton, eggplant, peat, pomoideas, stone fruit, soft fruit, corn, wheat, barley, cucumber, tobacco, vines, rice, cereals, pear, pepper, beans, soy , rapeseed, tomato, pepper, melon, cabbage, potatoes and apples.

[040] Examples of trees that can be improved according to the method according to the invention include: Abies sp, Eucalyptus sp., Picea sp., Pinus sp., Aesculus sp., Platanus sp., Tilia sp., Acer sp., Tsuga sp., Fraxinus sp., Sorbus sp., Birch sp., Crataegus sp., Ulmus sp., Quercus sp., Fagus sp., Salix sp., Populus sp.

[041] Preferred trees that can be improved by the method according to the invention include: from the Aesculus tree species: A. hippocastanum, A. pariflora, A. camea; of the species of Platanus trees: P aceriflora, P occidentalis, P. racemosa; of the Picea tree species: P. abies; of the Pinus tree species: P. radiate, P. ponderosa, P. contorta, P. Sylvestre, P. elliottii, P. montecola, P. albicaulis, P. resinosa, P. palustris, P. taeda, P. flexilis, P. jeffregi, P baksiana, P. strobes, of the Eucalyptus tree species: E. grandis, E. globulus, E. camadentis, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. regnans, E. pilularus.

[042] Particularly preferred trees that can be improved by the process according to the invention include: from the pine tree species: P. radiate, P. ponderosa, P. contorta, P. sylvestre, P strobes; Eucalyptus tree species: E. grandis, E. globulus and E. camadentis.

[043] Particularly preferred trees that can be improved by the process according to the invention include: chestnut, Platanaceae, linden, maple tree.

[044] The present invention can also be applied to any type of grass, including cold season lawns and hot season lawns. Examples of cool season lawns are: - bluegrasses (Poa spp.), Such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L), Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) , highland bluegrass (Poa glaucantha Gaudin), wood bluegrass (Poa nemoralis L.) and bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa L); bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.), such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustrís Huds.), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.), velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), South German Mixed Bentgrass (Agrostis spp., including Agrostis Tenius Sibth. , Agrostis canina L., and Agrostis palustrís Huds) and redtop (Agrostis alba L.) .; - fescues (Festuca spp.), such as red fescue (Festuca rubra L. spp. rubra), crawling fescue (Festuca rubra L.), chewable fescue (Festuca rubra commutata Gaud.), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L), fescue dura (Festuca longifolia Thuill), fescue hair (Festucu capillata Lam.), fescue alta (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and fescue prado (Festuca elanorL.) ', - ryegrasses (Lolium spp.), as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.y, - and wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.), such as highway wheatgrass (Agropyron crístatum (L.) Gaertn.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum ( Fisch.) Schult.) And western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb).

[045] Examples of other cold season lawns are: - beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata Fern.), Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), Cattails, such as Timothy (Phleum pratense L.), sand cattail (Phleum subulatum L), orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans (L.) Parí.) and crested dog's-tail (Cynosurus crístatus L.).

[046] Examples of warm season lawns are: - Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp. LC Rich), emerald grass (Zoysia spp. Willd.), St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt Kuntze), centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro hack.), carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase), Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.), buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloids (Nutt.) Engelm.), Blue gramma (Boutelouaa gracilis (HBK) Lag. ex Griffiths), paspalum beach (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) and grass sideoats (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr). Cold season lawns are generally preferred for use according to the invention. Particular preference is given to bluegrass, bentgrass and redtop, fescues and ryegrasses. Bentgrass is especially preferred.

[047] In a particular embodiment, the present invention is applied to a plant selected from the group consisting of cotton, vine, cereals (such as wheat, rice, barley, triticale), corn, soy, rapeseed, sunflower , peat, vegetable crops, shrubs, fruit trees and fruit plants (such as apple, pear, citrus, banana, coffee, strawberry plant, raspberry plant), vegetables, especially cereals, corn, rapeseed, shrubs, fruit trees and plants fruit, vegetables and vines.

[048] More preferably, plants from plant cultivars that are commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention. Plant cultivars should be understood as meaning plants with new properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional hybridization methods, by mutagenesis or with the help of recombinant DNA techniques. Cultivated plants can, therefore, be plants that can be obtained by conventional optimization and reproduction methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant varieties that are both protected and non-protected by plant breeders' rights.

[049] The treatment method according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), for example, plants or seeds. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into the genome. The term "heterologous gene" essentially means a gene that is supplied or assembled outside the plant and, when introduced into the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome, gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic properties, or other properties by expression of a protein or polypeptide of interest or by down regulation or silencing of other gene (s) that are present in the plant (using, for example, antisense technology, co-suppression technology, RNA interference technology - RNAi or microRNA technology - miRNA). A heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant's genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

[050] Depending on the species of plants or plant cultivars, their location and growing conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention can also result in superadditive ("synergistic" effects) Thus, for example, reduced application rates and / or broadening of the activity spectrum and / or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and compositions that can be used according to the invention are possible, better plant growth, greater tolerance to high or low temperatures, greater tolerance to drought or water or the salt content of soil or water, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, superior harvest yields, larger fruits, greater plant height , greener leaf color, early flowering, higher quality and / or a higher nutritional value of harvested products, higher sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and / or processing capacity of the harvested products, which exceed the effects that were actually expected.

[051] At certain application rates, combinations of active compounds according to the invention can also have a strengthening effect on plants. Therefore, they are also suitable for mobilizing the plant's defense system against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons for the improved activity of the combinations according to the invention, for example, against fungi. Plant reinforcing substances (resistance inducers) must be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances or combinations of substances that are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants, in such a way that, when later inoculated with microorganisms unwanted, the treated plants show a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms. In the present case, unwanted microorganisms must be understood as phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Thus, the substances according to the invention can be used to protect plants against attack by the aforementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after treatment. The period of time within which the protection is carried out generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.

[052] Plants and plant cultivars that should preferably be treated according to the invention include all plants with genetic material that confers useful characteristics, particularly advantageous for these plants (whether obtained by means of reproduction and / or biological means).

[053] Plants and plant varieties that should preferably also be treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biotic stresses, that is, the said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.

[054] Examples of nematode-resistant plants are described, for example, in US patent application No. 11 / 765,491, 11 / 765,494, 10 / 926,819, 10 / 782,020, 12 / 032,479, 10 / 783,417, 10 / 782,496, 10 / 782,096, 11 / 657.964, 12 / 192.904, 11 / 396.808, 12 / 166.253, 12 / 166.239, 12 / 166.124, 12 / 166.209, 11 / 762.886, 12 / 364.335, 11 / 763.947, 12 / 252.453, 12 / 252.453, 12 / 209.354, 12 / 209.354, 12/20 491,396, 12 / 497,221, 12 / 644,632, 12 / 646,004, 12 / 701,058, 12 / 718,059, 12 / 721,595, 12 / 638,591 and in documents W011 / 002992, WO11 / 014749, WO11 / 103247, WO11 / 103248.

[055] The plants and plant cultivars that can be treated according to the invention are those plants that are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, exposure to cold, exposure to heat, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, exposure to ozone, exposure to high light, limited availability of nutrients from nitrogen, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, lack of shade.

[056] Plants and plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the invention are those plants characterized by increased yield characteristics. Higher yield in these plants may be the result, for example, of better plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, better nitrogen use, greater carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated photosynthesis. Yield can also be affected by better plant architecture (conditions under stress and without stress), including, but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, number and internode distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, number of pod or ear, number of seeds per pod or ear, seed mass, improved seed filling, reduced seed dispersion, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Other yield characteristics include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, better processing capacity and better storage stability.

[057] Plants that can be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor that generally results in greater yield, vigor, health and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses). Such plants are usually made by crossing an inbreeding parental lineage inbred (the female parent) with another parental lineage with inbred male fertility (the male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from sterile male plants and sold to producers. Sterile male plants can sometimes (for example, in maize) be produced by removing the tassel, that is, the mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or male flowers), but more typically, male sterility is the result of genetic determinants in the plant genome. In that case, and especially when the seed is the desired product to be harvested from hybrid plants, it is typically useful to ensure that male fertility in hybrid plants is completely restored. This can be achieved by ensuring that male parents have appropriate fertility restoring genes that are capable of restoring male fertility in hybrid plants that contain the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility. The genetic determinants for male sterility can be located in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have, for example, been described in Brassica species (documents W0 92/05251, WO 95/09910, WO 98/27806, WO 05/002324, WO 06/021972 and US 6,229,072). However, the genetic determinants for male sterility can also be located in the nuclear genome. Sterile male plants can also be obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering. A particularly useful means of obtaining plants with male sterility is described in WO 89/10396, in which, for example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar (for example, WO 91/02069).

[058] The plants or plant cultivars (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) that can be treated according to the invention are plants tolerant to herbicides, that is, plants made tolerant to one or more herbicide data. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selecting plants that contain a mutation that confers such herbicidal tolerance.

[059] Plants resistant to herbicides are, for example, plants tolerant to glyphosate, that is, plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or its salts. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate through different means. For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylchiquimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimuríum (Cornai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et al., 1992, Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. 7, 139-145), the genes encoding a Petunia EPSPS (Shah et al., 1986, Science 233, 478-481), a tomato EPSPS ( Gasser et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 4280-4289), or an EPSPS from Eleusine (WO 01/66704). It can also be a mutated EPSPS, as described, for example, in EP 0837944, WO 00/66746, WO 00/66747, WO02 / 26995, WO11 / 000498. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expression of a gene encoding a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme, as described in US Patent 5,776,760 and 5,463,175. Glyphosate tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme as described, for example, in WO 02/36782, WO 03/092360, WO 05/012515 and WO 07/024782. Glyphosate tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants that contain naturally occurring mutations of the aforementioned genes, as described, for example, in WO 01/024615 or WO 03/013226. Plants that express the EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate tolerance are described, for example, in US patent application No. 11 / 517,991, 10 / 739,610, 12 / 139,408, 12 / 352,532, 11 / 312,866, 11 / 315,678 , 12 / 421,292, 11 / 400,598, 11 / 651,752, 11 / 681,285, 11 / 605,824, 12 / 468,205, 11 / 760,570, 11 / 762,526, 11 / 769,327, 11 / 769,255, 11/943801 or 12 / 362,774. Plants that comprise other genes that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as decarboxylase genes, are described, for example, in US patent applications 11 / 588,811, 11 / 185,342, 12 / 364,724, 11 / 185,560 or 12 / 423,926.

[060] Other herbicide-resistant plants are, for example, plants that are made tolerant to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthetase, such as bialafos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expression of a herbicide detoxifying enzyme or a mutant glutamine synthetase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition, for example, described in US Patent Application No. 11 / 760,602. Such an effective detoxification enzyme is an enzyme that encodes a phosphinothricin-acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein of the Streptomyces species). Plants that express an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are, for example, described in US Patent Nos. 5,561,236; 5,648,477; 5,646,024; 5,273,894; 5,637,489; 5,276,268; 5,739,082; 5908810 and 7,112,665.

[061] Other herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that are made tolerant to the hydroxyphenylpyruvatodioxigenase (HPPD) enzyme herbicides. HPPD is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in which parahydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutant or chimeric HPPD enzyme, as described in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, WO 99 / 24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387 or US 6,768,044, WO11 / 076877, WO11 / 076882, WO11 / 076885, WO11 / 076889, WO11 / 076892. Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with genes that encode certain enzymes that allow the formation of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. Plant tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene that encodes an enzyme that has activity of prefenate dehydrogenase (PDH), in addition to a gene that encodes an enzyme tolerant to HPPD, as described in the document WO 2004/024928. In addition, plants can be made more tolerant of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides by adding in their genome a gene that encodes an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD-inhibitors, such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008 / 150473.

[062] Still other herbicide-resistant plants are plants that are made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pryimidinyoxy (thio) benzoate herbicides, and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthetase, AHAS) are known to confer tolerance to different herbicides and groups of herbicides, as described, for example, in Tranel and Wright (2002, Weed Science 50: 700-712), but also in US Patent No. 5,605,011, 5,378,824, 5,141,870 and 5,013,659. The production of sulfonylurea tolerant plants and imidazolinone tolerant plants is described in US Patent Nos. 5,605,011; 5,013,659; 5,141,870; 5,767,361; 5,731,180; 5,304,732; 4,761,373; 5,331,107; 5,928,937; and 5,378,824; and in international publication WO 96/33270. Other imidazolinone tolerant plants are also described in, for example, WO 2004/040012, WO 2004/106529, WO 2005/020673, WO 2005/093093, WO 2006/007373, WO 2006/015376, WO 2006/024351 and WO 2006 / 060634. Other plants tolerant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone are also described, for example, in WO 07/024782, W011 / 076345, WO2012058223 and US Patent Application No. 61/288958.

[063] Other imidazolinone and / or sulfonylurea tolerant plants can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or reproduction by mutation, as described, for example, for soybeans in US Patent 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in US patent 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in US patent 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO 01/065922.

[064] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are transgenic plants resistant to insects, that is, plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selecting plants that contain a mutation that confers such resistance to insects.

[065] A "transgenic insect resistant plant", as used herein, includes any plant that contains at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence that encodes: - a crystalline insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal part thereof, such as crystalline insecticidal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) with the nomenclature of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, online at http: / /www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil Crickmore / Bt /), or their insecticidal parts, for example, proteins of the Cry classes of proteins CrylAb, CrylAc, Crylb, Cry1C, cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa Cry3Bb , or its insecticidal parts (for example, EP 1999141 and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes, as for example, described in US patent application No. 12 / 249,016; or - a crystalline protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part of you that it is an insecticide in the presence of a second other crystalline protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof, such as the binary toxin consisting of the crystalline proteins Cry34 and Cry35 (Moellenbeck et al2001, Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 668-72; Schnepf et al 2006, Applied Environm. Microbiol. 71, 1765-1774) or the binary toxin consisting of the proteins Cry1A or Cry1F and the proteins Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae (US Patent Application No. 12 / 214,022 and EP 08010791.5.); or - a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different crystalline insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, for example, the Cry1A.105 protein produced by the corn event MON89034 (WO 2007/027777); or - a protein of any one from 1) to 3) above, where some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain superior insecticidal activity for a target insect species, and / or to extend the range of affected target insect species, and / or because of the changes introduced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bb1 protein in MON863 or MON88017 corn events, or the Cry3A protein in the MIR604 corn event; or - a secreted insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, or urine its insecticidal part, such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins listed at http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil Crickmore / Bt / vip.html, for example, proteins of the VIP3Aa protein class; or - a secreted protein from Bacillus thuríngiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin consisting of the VIPIAe VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or - a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different proteins secreted from Bacillus thuríngiensis or Bacillus cereus, as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or - a protein of any of 5) to 7) above, where some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain greater insecticidal activity for a target insect species, and / or to extend the range of target insect species affected, and / or because of changes introduced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in the COT102 cotton event; or - a secreted protein from Bacillus thuríngiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a crystalline protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin consisting of VIP3 and Cry1F or Cry1 A (US patent application No. 61/126083 and 61 / 195019), or the binary toxin consisting of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US patent application No. 12 / 214,022 and EP 08010791.5). - a protein 9) above, where some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain greater insecticidal activity for a target insect species, and / or to increase the range of affected target insect species , and / or because of changes made to the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein).

[066] Naturally, an insect-resistant transgenic plant, as used herein, also includes any plant that comprises a combination of genes that encode the proteins of any of the classes above 1 to 10. In one embodiment, a plant insect resistant contains more than one transgene that encodes a protein from any of the previous classes 1 to 10, to expand the range of affected target insect species when using different proteins targeting different target insect species, or to delay the development of insect resistance to plants by means of different insecticidal proteins for the same target insect species, but with a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites on the insect.

[067] A "transgenic insect resistant plant", as used herein, also includes any plant that contains at least one transgene comprising a sequence that it produces upon expression of a double-stranded RNA that, upon ingestion by an insect pest of plants, inhibits the growth of this insect pest, as, for example, described in WO 2007/080126, WO 2006/129204, WO 2007/074405, WO 2007/080127 and WO 2007/035650.

[068] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selecting plants that contain a mutation that confers such resistance to stress. Particularly useful stress-tolerant plants include: - plants containing a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in plant cells or plants, as described in WO 00 / 04173, WO / 2006/045633, EP 04077984.5 or EP 06009836.5. - plants that contain a transgene that increases the tolerance to stress capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the genes encoding the PARG of plants or plant cells, as for example described in WO 2004/090140. - plants that contain a stress tolerance transgene encoding a functional enzyme for the plant from the nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide rescue pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide amine dinucleotide , as described, for example, in EP 04077624.7, WO 2006/133827, PCT / EP07 / 002433, EP 1999263 or WO 2007/107326.

[069] Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and / or storage stability of the harvested product and / or altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product, such as: - transgenic plants that synthesize a modified starch, in which their physicochemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the chain length mean, the distribution of the side chain, the viscosity behavior, the gelling force, the size of the starch grains and / or the morphology of the starch grains, are altered in comparison with the starch synthesized in wild type plant cells or plants , so it is more suitable for special applications. Said transgenic plants that synthesize a modified starch are disclosed, for example, in EP 0571427, WO 95/04826, EP 0719338, WO 96/15248, WO 96/19581, WO 96/27674, WO 97/11188, WO 97 / 26362, WO 97/32985, WO 97/42328, WO 97/44472, WO 97/45545, WO 98/27212, WO 98/40503, WO99 / 58688, WO 99/58690, WO 99/58654, WO 00 / 08184, WO 00/08185, WO 00/08175, WO 00/28052, WO 00/77229, WO 01/12782, WO 01/12826, WO 02/101059, WO 03/071860, WO 2004/056999, WO 2005 / 030942, WO 2005/030941, WO 2005/095632, WO 2005/095617, WO 2005/095619, WO 2005/095618, WO 2005/123927, WO 2006/018319, WO 2006/103107, WO 2006/108702, WO 2007 / 009823, WO 00/22140, WO 2006/063862, WO 2006/072603, WO 02/034923, EP 06090134.5, EP 06090228.5, EP 06090227.7, EP 07090007.1, EP 07090009.7, WO 01/14569, WO 02/79410, WO 03 / 33540, WO 2004/078983, WO 01/19975, WO 95/26407, WO 96/34968, WO 98/20145, WO 99/12950, WO 99/66050, WO 99/53072, US 6,734,341, WO 00/11192, WO 98/22604, WO 98/32326, WO 01/98509, WO 01/98509, WO 2005/002359, US 5,824,790, US 6,013,861, WO 94/04693, WO 94/11144, WO 94/11520, WO 95/35026, WO 97/20936, WO 10/012796, WO 10/003701; - transgenic plants that synthesize polymers of non-starch carbohydrates or that synthesize polymers of non-starch carbohydrates with altered properties in relation to wild-type plants without genetic modification. Examples are polyfructose producing plants, especially of the inulin and levan type, as described in documents EP 0663956, WO 96/01904, WO 96/21023, WO 98/39460 and WO 99/24593, plants producing alpha-1, 4-glucans, as described in WO 95/31553, US 2002031826, US 6,284,479, US 5,712,107, WO 97/47806, WO 97/47807, WO 97/47808 and WO 00/14249, alpha producing plants -1,4-branched alpha-1,6 glucans, as described in WO 00/73422, alternan producing plants, as described, for example, in WO 00/47727, WO 00/73422, EP 06077301.7, US 5,908,975 and EP 0728213; transgenic plants that produce hyaluronan, as, for example, described in WO 2006/032538, WO 2007/039314, WO 2007/039315, WO 2007/039316, JP 2006304779, and WO 2005/012529; - transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as onions with characteristics such as “high soluble solids”, “low pungency” (LP) and / or “long storage” (LS), as described in US patent applications No. 12 / 020,360 and 61 / 054,026; - transgenic plants that exhibit an increase in yield as, for example, described in WO11 / 095528.

[070] Plants or plant cultivars (which can be obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with altered fiber characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selecting plants that contain a mutation that confers such altered fiber characteristics and include: - plants, such as cotton plants, that contain an altered form of cellulose synthase genes, as described in WO 98/00549 - plants, such as cotton plants, that contain an altered form of homologous nucleic acids rsw2 or rsw3 as described in WO 2004/053219 - plants, such as cotton plants, with an increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase as described in WO 01/17333 - plants, such as cotton plants, with the increased expression of sucrose synthase as described in WO 02/45485 - plants, like cotton plants, in which the moment of plasmododematal coupling at the base of fiber cell is altered, for example, by down regulation of | 3-1,3-glucanase selective for fiber, as described in WO 2005/017157, or as described in EP 08075514.3 or US patent application No. 61 / 128,938 - plants, such as cotton plants, containing fibers with altered reactivity, for example, through expression of the N-acetylglucosaminatransferase gene including nodC and chitin synthase genes, as described in WO documents 2006/136351 W011 / 089021, WO2012074868.

[071] Plants or plant cultivars (which can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as rapeseed or related Brassica plants, with characteristics of altered oily profile . Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants that contain a mutation that confers such characteristics of the altered oil profile and include: - plants, such as rapeseed plants, which produce oil with a high oleic acid content such as example, described in US 5,969,169, US 5,840,946 or US 6,323,392 or US 6,063,947 - plants, such as rapeseed plants, that produce oil with a low content of linolenic acid, as described in US 6,270. 828, US 6,169,190, US 5,965,755, or W011 / 060946. - plants, such as rapeseed plants, that produce oil with a low level of saturated fatty acids as, for example, described in US patent No. 5,434,283 or in US Patent Application 12/668303 - plants, such as rapeseed plants, which produce oil with an aleter glucosinolate content as described in WO2012075426.

[072] Plants or plant cultivars (which can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as rapeseed or related Brassica plants, with altered degrane characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selecting plants that contain a mutation that confers such altered degrane characteristics and include plants, such as rapeseed plants, with delayed or reduced degrane, as described in US patent application No. 61 /135.230, W009 / 068313, WO10 / 006732 and WO2012090499.

[073] Plants or plant cultivars (which can be obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering) that can also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as tobacco plants, with post-translational protein modification patterns changed, for example, as described in WO 10/121818 and WO 10/145846.

[074] Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the invention are plants that contain transformation events, or combination of transformation events, which are the subject of petitions to an unregulated state in the United States of America for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), whether such petitions have been granted or are still pending. At any time this information is readily available by APHIS (4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA), for example, on its website (URL http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html ). On the date of filing this request, petitions regarding the unregulated state that were pending with APHIS or granted by APHIS were those that contain the following information: - Petition: the identification number of the request. Technical descriptions of the transformation events can be found in the individual petition documents that can be obtained by APHIS, for example, on the APHIS website, by reference to this petition number. These descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference. - Extension of the Petition: reference to a previous petition for which an extension is requested. - Institution: the name of the entity submitting the petition. - Regulated article: the plant species concerned. - Transgenic phenotype: the characteristic given to plants by the transformation event. - Transformation event or lineage: the name of the event or events (sometimes also referred to as lines or lineages) for which the unregulated state is requested. - APHIS Documents: several documents published by APHIS in relation to the Petition and which can be requested with APHIS.

[075] Additional particularly useful plants containing individual transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed, for example, in the databases of various national or regional regulatory agencies (see, for example http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/ gmp_browse.aspx and http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php).

[076] Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the invention are plants that contain transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed, for example, in the databases for various national regulatory agencies or regional, including Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02006 / 128569); Event 1143-51B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02006 / 128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document US2002120964 or W02002 / 034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO2010 / 117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010 / 117735); Event 281-24-236 (cotton, insect control - tolerance to herbicides, deposited as PTA-6233, described in document W02005 / 103266 or US2005216969); Event 3006210-23 (cotton, insect control - tolerance to herbicides, deposited as PTA-6233, described in document US2007143876 or W02005 / 103266); Event 3272 (corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in document W02006098952 or US2006230473); Event 40416 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508, described in WO2011 / 075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect control - tolerance to herbicides, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509, described in WO2011 / 75595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in WO2010 / 077816); Event ASR-368 (folded grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4816, described in US2006162007 or W02004053062); Event B16 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US2003126634); Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO2010 / 080829); Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in document US2009217423 or W02006 / 128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document US20100024077); Event CE44- 69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02006 / 128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02006 / 128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document US2006130175 or W02004039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document US2007067868 or W02005054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02005 / 054480); DAS40278 event (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO2011 / 022469); Event DAS- 59122-7 (corn, insect control - tolerance to herbicides, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384, described in document US2006070139); Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document W02009 / 100188); DAS68416 event (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO2011 / 066384 or WO2011 / 066360); Event PD-098140-6 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in US2009137395 or W02008 / 112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trace, not deposited, described in document US2008312082 or W02008 / 054747); Event DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, described in document US20090210970 or W02009 / 103049); Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in document US20100184079 or W02008 / 002872); Event EE-1 (eggplant, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02007 / 091277); Event FI117 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031, described in US2006059581 or WO1998 / 044140); Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in US2005086719 or WO1998 / 044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US2005188434 or W01998 / 044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in document W02008 / 151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in document US2010050282 or W02007 / 017186); Event GJ11 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in US2005188434 or W01998 / 044140); GM RZ13 event (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in WO2010 / 076212); Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in document US2004172669 or W02004 / 074492); Event JOPLIN 1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described in document US2008064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in document W02006 / 108674 or US2008320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in document W02006 / 108675 or US2008196127); LLCotton25 event (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in document W02003013224 or US2003097687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC-23352, described in document US6468747 or W02000 / 026345); Event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in document US20082289060 or W02000 / 026356); Event LY038 (corn, quality trace, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in document US2007028322 or W02005061720); Event MIR162 (corn, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, described in document US2009300784 or W02007 / 142840); Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in document US2008167456 or W02005103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in document US2004- 250317 or W02002 / 100163); MON810 event (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in document US2002102582); MON863 event (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in document W02004 / 011601 or US2006095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in document WO2011 / 062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in document W02009 / 111263 or US20110138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in document US2009130071 or W02009 / 064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, trait of quality - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in document US20100080887 or WO2010 / 037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA9670, described in document W02011 / 034704); Event MON87754 (soybean, trace of quality, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in document WO2010 / 024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trace, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in document US20110067141 or W02009 / 102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in document US2008028482 or W02005 / 059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in document W02004 / 072235 or US2006059590); Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in document W02007 / 140256 or US2008260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in document US2006282915 or W02006 / 130436); Event MS11 (rapeseed, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described in document W02001 / 031042); Event MS8, (rapeseed, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in document W02001 / 041558 or US2003188347); Event NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in US2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02008 / 114282); Event RF3, (rapeseed, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in document W02001 / 041558 or US2003188347); Event RT73 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document W02002 / 036831 or US2008070260); Event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document W02002 / 44407 or US2009265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document US2001029014 or W02001 / 051654); Event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, described in document US2010077501 or W02008 / 122406); Event T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in document W02006 / 128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in document US2005039226 or W02004 / 099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 3925, described in document W02003 / 052073), Event 32316 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11507, described in the document WO2011 / 153186A1), Event 4114 (maize, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11506, described in WO2011 / 084621), event EE-GM3 / FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC accession no. PTA-11041, WO2011 / 063413A2), event DAS-68416 ^ (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC accession number PTA-10442, W02011 / 066360A1), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, no. access control PTA-10442, WO2011 / 066384A1), event DP-040416-8 (corn, insect control, ATCC accession number PTA-11508, WO2011 / 075593A1), event DP-043A47-3 (corn, control of insects, ATCC accession number PTA-11509, WO2011 / 075595A1), event DP-004114-3 (corn, insect control, ATCC accession number PTA-11506, W02011 / 084621A1), event DP-03 2316-8 (corn, insect control, ATCC accession number PTA-11507, WO2011 / 084632A1), event MON-88302-9 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, ATCC accession number PTA-10955, WO2011 / 153186A1) , event DAS-21606-3 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC accession number PTA-11028, WO2012 / 033794A2), event MON-87712-4 (soybean, quality trait, ATCC accession number PTA-10296, WO2012 / 051199A2), event DAS-44406-6 (soybean, tolerance to stacked herbicides, ATCC accession number PTA-11336, WO2012 / 075426A1), event DAS-14536-7 (soybean, tolerance to stacked herbicides, no. ATCC access PTA-11335, WO2012 / 075429A1), event SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC accession number PTA-11226, WO2012 / 082548A2), event DP-061061-7 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance , deposit number unavailable, W02012071039A1), event DP-073496-4 (rapeseed, herbicide tolerance, deposit number unavailable, US2012131692), event 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC access number PTA -11336, WO2012075426A2), event 8291.45.36.2 (soybeans, tolerance to stacked herbicides, ATCC accession number PTA-11335, WO2012075429A2).

[077] The compound of formula (I), or its salt, to be used according to the invention can be converted into usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water and oil based suspensions, powders, mists, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, concentrated in suspoemulsion, natural compounds impregnated with active ingredient, synthetic substances impregnated with active ingredient, fertilizers, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances. In the context of the present invention, it is especially preferable when 4-phenylbutyric acid or its salts of formula (I) are used in the form of a spray formulation.

[078] The present invention, therefore, also relates, in addition, to a spray-type composition to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stress, preferably to water stress. The spray formulation is described in detail below.

[079] Formulations for spray application are produced in a known manner, for example, by mixing 4-phenylbutyric acid or its salts, of the formula (I) with extenders, that is, liquid solvents and / or solid vehicles, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is, emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foaming agents. Other usual additives, such as, for example, usual extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and also water, can also optionally be used. The formulations are produced either in suitable plants or before or during application.

[080] The auxiliaries used can be those substances that are suitable to transmit, to the composition itself and / or preparations derived from it (for example, spray liquors), particular properties, such as in particular technical properties and / or other biological properties specific. Typical auxiliaries include: extenders, solvents and vehicles.

[081] Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and non-polar organic chemical liquids, for example, from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which can also be optionally substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).

[082] If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Useful liquid solvents essentially include: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example fractions of mineral oils, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols like butanol or glycol and its ethers and esters, ketones like acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents like dimethyl sulfide, and also water.

[083] It is possible to use dyes such as inorganic pigments, for example, iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metallic phthalocyanine dyes, and traces of nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

[084] Useful wetting agents that may be present in formulations usable according to the invention are all substances that promote wetting and that are conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to the use of alkyl naphthalenesulfonates, such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulfonates.

[085] Useful dispersants and / or emulsifiers that may be present in formulations usable according to the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference can be given to nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable non-ionic dispersants are in particular block polymers of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristylphenol polyglycol ether, and their phosphate or sulfate derivatives. Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate / formaldehyde condensates.

[086] Anti-foam agents that may be present in formulations usable according to the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Silicone antifoam agents and magnesium stearate can be used with preference.

[087] Preservatives that may be present in formulations usable according to the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and hemiformal benzyl alcohol.

[088] Secondary thickeners that may be present in formulations usable according to the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays and finely divided silica.

[089] Adhesive agents that can be present in formulations usable according to the invention include all the usual binding agents usable in seed treatment products. Preferred examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose. Gibberellins which may be present in formulations usable according to the invention may preferably be gibberellins A1, A3 (= gibberellic acid), A4 and A7; Special preference is given to the use of gibberellic acid. Gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- and Schãdlingsbekãmpfungsmittel" [Chemistry of the Crop Protection Compositions and Pesticides], vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, p. 401-412).

[090] Other additives can be fragrances, mineral or vegetable oil, optionally modified, waxes and nutrients (including traces of nutrients), such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc salts. In addition, stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents that improve chemical and / or physical stability may be present.

[091] The formulations generally contain between 0.01 and 98% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 90%, of 4-phenylbutyric acid and / or its salts, of formula (I).

[092] The compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salt may be present in commercially available formulations, and also in forms of use, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilizing agents, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulating substances, herbicides, phytotoxicity protectors, fertilizers and semi-chemicals.

[093] In addition, the described positive effect of the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salt on the plant's own defenses can be supported by additional treatment with active insecticidal, fungicidal or bactericidal ingredients.

[094] Preferred times for applying the compound of formula (I) as defined herein or its salt to increase resistance to abiotic stress, preferably water stress, are treatments of the soil, stems and / or leaves with the application rates approved.

[095] The compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a salt thereof can, in general, additionally be present in its commercial formulations and in the forms of use prepared from these formulations in mixtures with other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractors, sterilizers, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, substances that influence plant maturity, phytotoxicity protectors, herbicides or biologicals.

[096] The preparation and use of the compounds of the invention are illustrated by the following examples: - N-Cyclopropyl amides of the formula (I) where T represents an oxygen atom, can be prepared by condensing a substituted N-cyclopropyl benzylamine with 3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonyl chloride according to WO-2007/087906 (process P1) and WO 2010/130767 (process P1 - step 10). - Substituted N-Cyclopropyl benzylamines are known or can be prepared by known processes, such as the reductive amination of a cyclopropanamine-substituted aldehyde (J. Med. Chem., 2012, 55 (1), 169-196) or by nucleophilic substitution substituted benzyl alkyl (or aryl) sulfonate or cyclopropanamine substituted benzyl halide (Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 14, 8506-8518 and WO-2009/140769). 3- (Difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carbonyl chloride can be prepared according to WO-2010/130767 (process P1 - steps 9 or 11) - N-Ciclopropil thioamides of formula (I) in which T represents a sulfur atom, can be prepared by thionation of an N-cyclopropyl amide of formula (I) in which T represents an oxygen atom, according to WO-2009 / 016,220 (process P1) e-WO 2010/130767 (process P3).

[097] The following examples illustrate in a non-limiting way the preparation of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention. PREPARATION OF N-CYCLOPROPIL-3- (DIFLUORMETHIL) -5-FLUOR-N- (2-ISOPROPILBENZIL) - 1 -METHIL-1 H-PIRAZOL-4-CARBOXAMIDE (COMPOUND A1) STEP A: PREPARATION OF N- (2- ISOPROPILBENZIL) CYCLOPROPANAM! NA

[098] To a solution of 55.5 g (971 mmol) of cyclopropanamine in 900 mL of methanol, 20 g of 3 A molecular sieves and 73 g (1.21 mol) of acetic acid are successively added. 72 g (486 mmol) of 2-isopropyl-benzaldehyde are then added dropwise and the reaction mixture is again heated under reflux for 4 hours.

[099] The reaction mixture is then cooled to 0 ° C and 45.8 g (729 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride are added in parts in 10 min and the reaction mixture is stirred again for 3 hours at reflux. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered through a diatomaceous earth cake. The cake is washed thoroughly with methanol and the methanolic extracts are concentrated in vacuo. Water is then added to the residue and the pH is adjusted to 12 with 400 ml of a 1 N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The aqueous layer is extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (2 x 300 ml) and dried over magnesium sulfate to obtain 81.6 g (88%) of N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) cyclopropanamine as a yellow oil used as such in the next step.

[0100] The hydrochloride salt can be prepared by dissolving N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) cyclopropanamine in diethyl ether (1.4 ml_ / g) at 0 ° C followed by adding a 2 M hydrochloric acid solution in diethyl ether (1.05 eq.). After 2 hours of stirring, N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) cyclopropanamine hydrochloride (1: 1) is filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried under vacuum at 40 ° C for 48 hours. Pf (melting point) = 149 ° C STEP B: PREPARATION OF N-CYCLOPROPIL-3- (DIFLUORMETHIL) -5-FLUOR-N- (2- ISOPROPILBENZIL) -1 -METHIL-1 H-PIRAZOL-4-CARBOXAMIDE

[0101] To 40.8 g (192 mmol) of N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) cyclopropanamine in 1 L of dry tetrahydrofuran, 51 ml_ (366 mmol) of triethylamine are added at room temperature. A solution of 39.4 g (174 mmol) of 3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carbonyl chloride in 800 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran is then added dropwise , while keeping the temperature below 34 ° C. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux for 2 hours, then left overnight at room temperature. The salts are removed by filtration and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give 78.7 g of a brown oil. Column chromatography on silica gel (750 g - n-heptane / ethyl acetate gradient) gave 53 g (71% yield) of N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2 -isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide as a yellow oil that slowly crystallizes. Mp = 76-79 ° C.

[0102] Likewise, compounds A2 to A19 can be prepared according to the preparation described for compound A1. PREPARATION OF N-CYCLOPROPIL-3- (DIFLUORMETYL) -5-FLUOR-N- (2-ISOPROPILBENZIL) - 1-METHYL-1 H-PIRAZOL-4-CARBOTIOAMIDE (COMPOUND A20)

[0103] A solution of 14.6 g (65 mmol) of phosphorus pentasulfide and 48 g (131 mmol) of N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1 - methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide in 500 ml of dioxane are heated at 100 ° C for 2 hours. 50 ml of water is then added and the reaction mixture is further heated to 100 ° C for an additional hour. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered through a basic alumina cartridge. The cartridge is washed with dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain 55.3 g of an orange oil. The residue is crushed with a few ml of diethyl ether until crystallization occurs. The crystals are filtered off and dried under vacuum at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 46.8 g (88% yield) of N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2- isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbothioamide. Mp = 64-70 ° C.

[0104] Table 1 shows the NMR and logP (1H) data for compounds A1 through A20.

[0105] In table 1, the logP values were determined according to EEC Directive 79/831 annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on an inverse phase column (C 18), using the method described below:

[0106] Temperature: 40 ° C; Mobile Phases: 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile; linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 90% acetonitrile.

[0107] Calibration was performed using non-branched alkan-2-ones (comprising 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known logP values (determination of logP values by retention times using linear interpolation between two successive alkanones). Lambda-max values were determined using UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm and the peak values of the chromatographic signals.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES:

[0108] The seeds of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants were placed in sandy clay in wooden fiber pots, covered with soil and cultivated under glass under good growing conditions. The test plants were treated in the early leaf stage (BBCH10 - BBCH13). To ensure a uniform water supply before the onset of stress, plants in the pots were supplied with the maximum amount of water immediately prior to the dam's irrigation.

[0109] The compounds of the invention, formulated in the form of wettable powders (WP), were sprayed on the green parts of the plants as an aqueous suspension at a water application rate equivalent to 600 I / ha, with the addition of 0.2 % wetting agent (agrotin). The application of the substance was immediately followed by stress treatment of the plants, to which the pots were transferred in plastic inserts, in order to avoid subsequent excessively rapid drying.

[0110] Water stress was induced by gradual drying under the following conditions: - “day”: 14 hours with lighting at ~ 26 ° C - “night”: 10 hours without lighting at - 18 ° C

[0111] The duration of the respective stress phases was mainly guided by the state of the stressed, untreated control plants and therefore varies from culture to culture. It was concluded (by new irrigation or transfer to a greenhouse with good growth conditions) as soon as irreversible damage is observed in the stressed, untreated control plants. In the case of dicot crops, for example, rapeseed and soybeans, the duration of the water stress phase was between 3 and 6 days, in the case of monocot crops, for example wheat, barley or corn, between 6 and 11 days.

[0112] The end of the stress phase was followed by a recovery phase of approx. 5-7 days, during which the plants were once again kept in good growing conditions in a greenhouse. In order to remove any influence from the effects observed by any fungicidal action of the test compounds, it was further ensured that the tests proceeded without fungal infection and without infection pressure.

- EF: eficácia (%) - Dvus: valor de dano do controle estressado, não-tratado, - DVTS: valor de dano das plantas tratadas com o composto de teste[0113] After the recovery phase ended, the damage intensities were assessed visually in comparison to untreated, non-stressed controls of the same age (in the case of water stress) or the same growth phase (in the case of stress by cold). The damage intensity was first assessed as a percentage (100% = plants died, 0% = as control plants). These values were then used to calculate the effectiveness of the test compounds (= percentage of reduction in damage intensity as a result of applying the substance) using the following formula:

- EF: efficacy (%) - Dvus: damage value of the stressed, untreated control, - DVTS: damage value of plants treated with the test compound

[0114] The following tables list the average values in each case of 2 or more independent experiments.

TABELA A.2: TRZAS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM

TABELA A.3: ZEAMX (ZEA MAYS)

[0115] Tables A.1 to A.3 show, by way of example, the efficacy of the compound of formula (I) as defined here under water stress and in conjunction with the application of different crop plants, that is, in table A.1 in application to BRSNS (Brassica napus), in table A.2 in application to TRZAS (Triticum aestivum) and in table A.3 in application to ZEAMX (Zea mays): TABLE A.1: BRSNS (BRASSICA NAPUS)

TABLE A.2: TRZAS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM

TABLE A.3: ZEAMX (ZEA MAYS)

Claims (9)

1. Method for increasing drought tolerance of plants that are free from fungal infection or pressure of infection characterized by understanding to apply to those plants, to the seeds from which they grow or to the place where they grow, a non-phytotoxic amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of: N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A2), N- ( 2-tert-butylbenzi) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A3), N- (5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl) -N -cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A4), N- (5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A5), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A6), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (5-fluor-2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxa mide (compound A7), N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A8), N- cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A11), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) - 5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A12), N- (2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl- 3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A14), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-N- [5-methyl -2- (trifluormethyl) benzyl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A16), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl) -5-fluorine-1 -methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A19), and N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothio- amide (compound A20); or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound of formula (I) is N- (5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine- 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A5). 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the compound of formula (I) is applied to said plants or to the place where they grow at an application rate of about 0.005 kg / ha to about 0.5 kg / ha of the compound of formula (I). 4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the compound of formula (I) is applied as a seed treatment at an application rate of 0.001 to 250 g / kg of seeds. 5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the plants are selected from the group consisting of cotton, grapevine, corn, soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower, peat, vegetable crops, shrubs, fruit trees , fruit plants and vegetables. 6. Use of a compound characterized by being selected from the group consisting of: N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide (compound A2), N- (2-tert-butylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A3), N- (5 -chloro-2-ethylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A4), N- (5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl) - N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A5), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl ) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A6), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (5-fluor-2-isopropylbenzyl) -1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A7), N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- carboxamide (compound A8), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (with post A11), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine-N- (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A12), N- (2 -tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A14), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) - 5-fluor-1-methyl-N- [5-methyl-2- (trifluormethyl) benzyl] -1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A16), N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -N- (2- ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl) -5-fluor-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A19), and N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluor-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl ) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbothio-amide (compound A20); or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof, to increase drought tolerance in plants that are free from fungal infection or pressure of infection. 7. Use according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the compound of formula (I) is N- (5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluormethyl) -5-fluorine- 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide (compound A5), or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. 8. Use, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by being for application to genetically modified cultivars, their seed, or to cultivation areas in which these cultivars grow. 9. Use according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the plant is selected from the group consisting of cotton, grapevine, cereals, corn, soy, rapeseed, sunflower, peat, vegetable crops, shrubs and fruit trees and vegetables.