BR112013026090B1 - FIBER, FABRIC, ARTICLE, METHODS OF PROVISION OF A COOLING EFFECT ON AN ITEM, AND OF PRODUCTION OF FIBER AND FABRIC - Google Patents

Abstract

fiber, fabric, article, methods of providing a cooling effect on an article, and of producing a fiber and fabric. the invention relates to a fiber, excellent in the touch of cooling contact, which is excellent in the hand and skin feel and is capable of preventing an unpleasant sensation in a wet state, while having an excellent elasticity. the invention relates to fabrics, garments and underwear, excellent in cooling contact and obtainable through the use of said fiber, as well as methods for the production of fibers and articles thereof.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[01] The invention refers to an excellent fiber in cooling contact, which is excellent for hand and skin touch, and is capable of preventing an unpleasant sensation in the wet state, while still having excellent elasticity. The invention also relates to fabrics, garments and underwear, excellent in cooling contact and obtainable through the use of said fiber, as well as methods for the production of fibers and articles from them.

[02] There is a continuous, never-ending desire for articles and clothing that provide a sense of comfort, particularly in the areas of underwear and sporting goods and / or exercise-related devices. Users and / or consumers of such articles and garments want them to provide a comfortable and refreshing feeling as much as possible, even after prolonged periods of use and adverse conditions. The fibers used to produce such items, specifically their composition, have a significant impact on the performance of the items in these areas.

[03] There is also a desire that such fibers, in addition to being more comfortable, retain or even increase their elasticity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[04] The present invention provides an elastic cooling fiber, with a Tg of not more than 22 ° C and even more specifically, a fiber prepared from a composition, which comprises the reaction product of: ( i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate; and (iii) a linear alkylene glycol chain extender.

[05] The invention provides a fabric, which is produced from the fibers described here, which, in some embodiments, are mixed with other fibers. The invention provides an article, which is produced from the fabric described herein.

[06] The invention also provides a method to provide a cooling effect on an article, which is in close proximity, and in some modalities even in direct contact, with human skin, which includes the stages of: (1) preparing a fabric, comprising the fibers described herein; (2) preparing an article, comprising said fabric; (3) placing that article in close proximity, and in some modalities even in direct contact, with human skin.

[07] The invention also provides a method for the production of a fiber, which includes the stages of: (1) preparing an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device, in which said elastomer resin is prepared through the reaction of (i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate, or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate; and (iii) an alkylene glycol chain extender; and (2) melt spinning of said elastomer resin in the form of a monofilament or multifilament fiber.

[08] The invention also provides a method of producing a fabric, which includes the stages of: (1) preparation of an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device, in which said elastomer resin is prepared through the reaction of : (i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate; and (iii) a linear alkylene glycol chain extender; (2) melt spinning of said elastomer resin in the form of a fiber; in some modalities, a monofilament or multifilament fiber; and (3) processing said fiber, optionally in combination with one or more other fibers, in the form of a fabric.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[09] Various characteristics and modalities of the invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting illustration.

The Cooling Effect

[10] The invention provides an excellent fiber in the sensation of cooling contact and also excellent in elasticity. Although this effect is generally observed in fabrics and / or articles made from fiber, it is believed that the cooling effect is due to the properties of the fiber and, therefore, does not depend on the type and / or construction of the tissue and / or the article involved, although these parameters can, of course, have a relative impact on the observed cooling effect. In other words, it is believed that the cooling effect is provided by the fiber, and even more specifically, by fibers having specified chemical properties and / or compositions. In this order, we often observe that the fiber can provide a cooling sensation when in contact with the skin, or even close to human skin, say on top of a layer or even two layers of clothing between the fiber according to the invention and human skin. In some modalities, the fiber is in direct contact with human skin. It is understood that the assessment of the cooling effect can be carried out with the fibers themselves, on fabrics produced from such fibers, with any article produced from such fibers and / or fabrics, or with various combinations thereof.

[11] The key factors, considered responsible for the cooling effect produced by the invention, are described below, primarily in the fiber section.

The fibers

[12] The invention provides an excellent fiber in the sensation of cooling contact and also excellent in elasticity. Fiber can provide a cooling contact sensation when in contact with the skin. The effect may be strong enough to be detected in a sensory test.

[13] The fiber may also include a thermoplastic elastomer and may also include inorganic fillers, however, in certain embodiments, the composition is free of any inorganic filler.

[14] The fibers according to the invention can have a Tg of no more than 22 ° C and are, like the article produced from them, exceptionally elastic and are also excellent at providing a sense of cooling contact, when using fiber for clothing.

[15] “Elastic” or “elasticity”, as used here, means that a fiber will recover at least about 50 percent of its stretched length after the first stretch and after the fourth to 100% of the yarn (double the length). Elasticity can also be described by the “permanent adjustment” of the fiber. The “permanent adjustment” is the conversion of elasticity. A fiber is stretched to a certain extent, in some embodiments 50% of the known percent elongation of the fiber at break, and subsequently released to its original position before stretching, then stretched again. The point at which the fiber starts to pull a load is called the permanent fit. "Elastic materials" are also referred to in the art as "elastomers" and "elastomeric".

[16] The fibers of the present invention can still provide this balance of benefits, while avoiding any sticky or inferior skin tactile sensations, in the wet state, due to sweat and the like, and thus leading to , often to unpleasant sensations for the user when the fiber is used in a garment. The fibers of this invention balance all of these factors and provide superior performance in any or any combination of these factors.

[17] In some embodiments, the thermoplastic elastomer used in the preparation of the fibers described here is substantially free of, or even free of, a polyamide-type elastomer and / or a polyester-type elastomer. Even more specifically, the present invention can be free of amide block polyether copolymers, amide polyether copolymers and amide polyester copolymers, or any combination thereof. Even more specifically, the compositions involved in the present invention can be substantially free of, or even completely free of, Pebax (manufactured by Arkema). As used herein, the term polyamide elastomer, or polyamide block within an elastomer, is considered, in its chemical sense, to be different and distinct from a polyurethane elastomer, or a urethane block within an elastomer. In some modalities, polyamide bonds and / or blocks refer to N (R) -C (O) -R units and / or bonds of the elastomer, while polyurethane bonds and / or blocks refer to units and / or -N (R) -C (O) -OR bonds in the elastomer.

[18] In yet other embodiments, the thermoplastic elastomer used in the preparation of the fibers described herein may further include an amide block polyether copolymer, amide polyether copolymers, amide polyester copolymers, or any combination thereof.

[19] The polyester-type elastomer is not particularly limited and examples are polyether ester copolymers and polyester ester copolymers. They can be used alone or two or more of them can be used in a combined way.

[20] The polyester-type elastomers marketed among these are Grilux (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), Nouvelan (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.), Pelprene (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), Hytrel (manufactured by DuPont-Toray Co., Ltd.) and Primalloy (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).

[21] The resin component contained in the fibers of the invention provides an excellent cooling contact sensation of the invention, and thus thermoplastic elastomers can be used in isolation. Yet another benefit of the invention is that the fibers described here, when they contain only a thermoplastic elastomer as the resin component, do not generally have a sticky sensation and, therefore, do not become difficult for the wiring. Although additional resins can be used in combination with the resin described here, it is not required to treat any stickiness or unpleasant sensation, which may otherwise accompany the more conventional fibers. In some embodiments, an additional resin is used. Although inorganic fillers can be used in combination with the resin described here, it is not required to treat any stickiness or unpleasant sensation, which may otherwise accompany more conventional fibers.

[22] In still some modalities, the fiber, and / or the resin, from which it is prepared, is substantially free, or is free, of any inorganic charge. When an inorganic filler is used, it is not particularly limited, and examples may further include mineral type pigments, such as calcium carbonate, such as light calcium carbonate and heavy calcium carbonate, barium carbonate , magnesium carbonate, such as basic magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, ferrite powder, sulfide zinc, zinc carbonate, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, Satin White, diatomaceous earth, such that the burnt diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium ilicate, silica, such as amorphous silica, synthesized silica amorphous, and colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, pseudo bohemite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, alumina, hydrated alumina, lithopone, zeolite, hydrated haloisite, clay, hydrotalcite, aluminosilicate, talc, pyrophyllite, smectite, such that frog nite, hectorite, sauconite, stevensite, montmorillonite, beidelite and notromite, vermiculite, mica, such as folopogite, biotite, zinvaldite, muscovite, paragonite, celadonite, and gluconite, quinochlorite, chamosite, nimite, penatite, clone, donitas, donbas , tufita, antigorita, lizardita, chrysotile, mesite, cronstedita, bertierina, grenalita, gamierita, kaolin, such as kaolinite, diquita, nacrite and halosite, kaolin, laminated, calcined kaolin, sepiolite, paligorsite, imogolite, allophane, hisofano, allophane activated earth, bentonite and sericite. They can be used in isolation or two or more types of them can be used in a combined way. In some modalities, the charge is titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, silica, or some combination thereof. The shape of inorganic charges is not particularly limited, and examples are finite shapes, such as spherical, needle-like shapes, plate-like shapes and the like, and non-finite shapes.

[23] When present, the lower limit of the content of the inorganic filler may be 1%, 2% or 7% by weight, and the upper limit of this content is 30% by weight.

[24] The fiber according to the present invention may also comprise one or more additional additives, and in some embodiments it may contain at least one or more additional additives (in addition to the thermoplastic elastomer and any inorganic filler, of the present). In addition, the fiber can be twisted and / or covered with another fiber, in order to improve the factors required for underwear, in such a way that the contact of the skin with an extension, which is targeted by the invention, is not inhibited. Such another fiber is not particularly limited, and examples are resins of the polyamide type, such as nylon 6 and nylon 12, polyesters, cotton and rayon.

[25] In still some embodiments, the fibers according to the invention can be described by a qmax value. The lower limit of a qmax value of the fiber can be 0.20, 0.21 or 0.22 J / second / cm2. If the qmax value is less than 0.20 J / second / cm2, individuals may not experience any cooling contact, even when a sensory test is performed. In still other embodiments, the qmax value of the fiber can be less than 0.20 or even more than 0.22 J / second / cm2.

[26] In this description, the qmax value is defined as a peak value of the amount of stored heat flow being transferred to a sample, at a lower temperature in case a prescribed heat is stored on a hot plate with an area specified surface and with a specified weight and immediately after the hot plate has been placed in contact with the sample surface. The qmax value is supposed to simulate the body heat removed from the body by the sample when the garment is worn and the qmax value is supposed to be higher, the body heat removed from the body is higher, and that the sensation of cooling contact is more excellent than when the clothing is worn.

[27] In still some embodiments, the lower limit of the thermal conductivity of the fiber of the invention can be 1 x 10'3 ° C / Wm2. Thermal conductivity is also considered to be one of the important parameters, to which the sensation of cooling contact corresponds. If the thermal conductivity is less than 1 x 10'3 ° C / Wm2, most individuals will not experience any cooling contact, even if a sensory test is performed.

[28] In this description, thermal conductivity can be calculated by measuring the speed of thermal loss after a thermal plate is placed on a sample, placed on a sample holder, and the temperature of the thermal plate is stabilized at a prescribed temperature, and then performing a calculation using the formula (2) below. Thermal conductivity (W / cm / ° C) = WD / A / ΔT (2) where: W: amount of heat flow (J / second) D: sample thickness (cm) A: surface area of the thermal plate (cm2) ΔT: temperature difference (° C) between the sample holder and the thermal plate

[29] The fiber according to the invention can be used in the form of a composite fiber, which comprises the thermoplastic elastomer and another resin, and which can have a shell-core structure and which comprises a core part containing a dyeable resin and a shell part containing a thermoplastic elastomer resin, the thickness of the shell part being 20 micrometers or even thinner (hereinafter referred to as the core-shell composite yarn in some cases). The fiber, excellent in the sense of cooling contact according to the invention, can be a fiber having the shell-core structure and presenting a good dyeing capacity, maintaining the excellent properties of the thermoplastic elastomer, such that the sensation of contact of cooling, through the use of a resin, which can be dyed, for the core part, and the thermoplastic elastomer having a cooling contact feeling and being excellent in terms of flexibility for the shell part.

[30] The shape of the composite yarn of the shell-core type is not particularly limited and the shape of the cross section, formed in the case of the fiber, is cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber, and can be truly round, elliptical and the like . In addition, the fiber may also have a concentric shell-core type structure, in which the core part and the sheath part are formed in a concentric manner or an eccentric shell-core type structure, in which the core part and the hem part are formed in an eccentric manner. In addition, the fiber may also have a structure, in which there are multiple core parts, in the event that the fiber is cut perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the fiber.

[31] In still some embodiments, the fiber according to the invention is an elastic cooling fiber, which has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C.

[32] In still some of these modalities, the fiber Tg can be no more than 22, 15, 10, 0, - 10, - 20, - 30 or even - 40 ° C. These Tg limits can be applied to the fiber itself, to the composition, from which the fiber is made (before the composition is spun or further processed in the form of fibers), to the intermediate from which the composition is prepared, or any combination thereof.

[33] In still some of these modalities, the percentage elongation, achieved by the fiber, can be from 200% to 300%.

[34] The fibers according to the invention are prepared from a composition, which includes a reaction product of (i) a hydroxyl terminated intermediate, (ii) a diisocyanate, and (iii) a chain extender linear alkylene glycol. The hydroxyl-terminated intermediate may further include a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate, or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C. In some embodiments, the intermediate is derived from polyethylene glycol. The diisocyanate may further include diphenyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate. Linear alkylene glycol may further include 1,6-butane diol and similar materials. In still some embodiments, the hydroxyl-terminated intermediate used in the invention is substantially free of, or even free of, amide block polyether copolymers and / or units thereof.

[35] In still other embodiments, the fibers according to the invention are prepared from a composition, itself prepared from (i) an intermediate, which includes and / or is derived from polyethylene glycol or an adipate derived from one or more alkylene diols and adipic acid, ii) a diisocyanate, which includes diphenyl methylene diisocyanate; and (iii) a linear alkylene glycol chain extender, which may further include 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, or a combination thereof. In still some of these embodiments, the chain extender includes 1,4-butane diol, and the adipate is prepared from 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, or a combination thereof. In some of these embodiments, the adipate is prepared from a mixture of 1,4-butane diol and 1,6-hexane diol. In addition, in some of these modalities, the compositions used to prepare the fiber are: from 40 to 80, from 40 to 70, from 50 to 60, or from 55 to 58 or from 56 to 57 percent by weight, intermediate; 20 to 50, 30 to 40, 35 to 35, or 31 to 34 or 32 to 33 weight percent diisocyanate; and from 4 to 15, from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or even 8 all, or 9 to 10 weight percent of the chain extender. The fibers according to the invention can be produced from a composition, which contains the material described above, and which can also contain one or more polymer additives, which include any of the additional additives described below. In still some embodiments, the compositions may further include an antioxidant, a lubricant, and / or a processing aid, and may even have a metal-containing catalyst.

[36] In still some embodiments, the fibers according to the invention are prepared from a composition itself prepared from (i) an intermediate, which includes and / or is derived from polyethylene glycol, ( ii) a diisocyanate, which includes diphenyl methylene diisocyanate, and (iii) a linear alkylene glycol chain extender, which includes 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, or a combination of the same. In still some of these embodiments, the chain extender includes 1,4-butane diol. In addition, in some of these modalities, the compositions used to prepare the fiber constitute: from 40 to 80, from 40 to 70, from 40 to 60, or even from 46 to 49 or from A-1 to 48 percent, in weight, of the intermediate; 20 to 50, 30 to 50, 35 to 45, or even 40 to 43 or 41 to 42 weight percent diisocyanate; and from 4 to 25, from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or even from 9 to 12, or from 10 to 11 weight percent of a chain extender.

[37] In addition, the composition, from which the fiber is prepared, can be a polymer alloy, which includes: (a) a multi-phase copolymer, prepared by reacting a polymer segment and / or copolymer, with at least one other polymer and / or copolymer segment; (b) a polymer mixture, prepared by mixing a polymer and / or copolymer with at least one other polymer and / or copolymer, wherein each of the polymers and / or copolymers is compatible and / or miscible with each other ; or (c) combinations thereof. The polymer alloy can be derived from the reaction of: (i) (a) a polyol; (i) (b) a polyester intermediate, itself derived from a polyol, and a dicarboxylic acid; (ii) at least one diisocyanate; and (iii) at least one chain extender.

[38] Generally speaking, the type of TPU polymer used in this invention can be any conventional TPU polymer, which is known in the art and literature, as long as it (meaning the fiber itself, the composition to be from which the fiber is produced, and / or the intermediate used to prepare the composition) displays the Tg, the percent elongation, and / or the elasticity described above. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, Applicants consider that the compositions, which satisfy these requirements, are expected to provide the same cooling effect demonstrated by the specific examples included in this application, or, alternatively, when at least one or more additional parameters described here is satisfied.

[39] Suitable TPU polymers are generally prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with an intermediate, such as a hydroxyl-terminated polyester, a hydroxyl-terminated polyether, a hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate, or a mixture thereof, with one or more chain extenders, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art.

[40] The hydroxyl-terminated polyester intermediate is generally a linear polyester having an average molecular weight (Mn) number of about 500 to about 10,000, from about 700 to about 5,000, or about 700 to about 4,000, an acid value, generally less than 1.3 and preferably less than 0.8. The molecular weight is determined through a test of terminal functional groups and is related to the number of average molecular weight. Polymers are produced through (1) an esterification reaction of one or more glycols with one or more dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides or (2) through a transesterification reaction, that is, the reaction of one or more glycols in esters of dicarboxylic acids. Molar ratios, generally in excess of more than one mole of glycol to acid are preferred, so that linear chains having a preponderance of terminal hydroxyl groups are obtained. Suitable polyester intermediates can also include various lactones, such as a polycaprolactone, produced from ε-caprolactone and a bifunctional initiator, such as diethylene glycol. The dicarboxylic acids of the desired polyester can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, armátiocos, or combinations thereof. Suitable dicarboxylic acids, which can be used alone or in mixtures, generally have a total of 4 to 15 carbon atoms, and include: succinic, glutaric, adipic, pyelic, submeric, azelaic, sebaceic , dioecane, isophthalic, terephthalic, dicarboxylic cyclohexane, and the like. Anhydrides of the above dicarboxylic acids, such as phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or the like, can also be used. Adipic acid is a preferred acid. Glycols, which are reacted to form a desirable polyester intermediate, can be aliphatic, aromatic, or combinations thereof, and can have a total of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and can also include ethylene glycol, 1,2- propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, decamethylene glycol, dodecamethylene glycol, and the like, 1,4-butane diol is a preferred glycol.

[41] The hydroxyl-terminated polyether intermediates are polyether polyols, derived from a diol or polyol, having a total of from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments an alkyl diol or glycol, which is reacted with an ether (or an epoxide), which comprises an alkylene oxide group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, typically ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or mixtures thereof. For example, polyether with hydroxyl functionality can be produced first by reacting propylene glycol with propylene oxide, followed by the subsequent reaction with ethylene oxide. The primary hydroxyl groups, which result from ethylene oxide, are more reactive than the secondary hydroxyl groups and are therefore preferred. Useful commercial polyether polyols include poly (ethylene glycol) comprising ethylene oxide reacted with ethylene glycol, poly (propylene glycol) comprising propylene oxide reacted with propylene glycol, poly (tetramethylene glycol) comprising water reacted with tetrahydrofuran (PTMEG). PTMEG is the preferred polyether intermediate. Polyether polyols further include the polyamide addition products of an alkylene oxide and may further include, for example, the ethylene diamine addition product, which comprises the reaction product of ethylene diamine and propylene oxide, the product of addition of diethylene triamine comprising the reaction product of diethylene triamine with propylene oxide, and similar polyether polyols of the polyamide type. Typical copolyethers include the reaction product of THF and ethylene oxide or THF and propylene oxide. These are available from BASF as Poli THF B, a block copolymer, and from poly THF R, a random copolymer. The various polyether intermediates generally have a number of average molecular weight (Mn) as determined by testing the terminal functional groups, that is, an average molecular weight of more than 700, such that about from 700 to about 10,000, from about 1000 to about 5000, or from about 1000 to about 2500. A desirable polyether intermediate is a mixture of two or more polyethers of different molecular weights, such as a mixture of 2000 Ma and 1000 Ma of PTMEG.

[42] In still some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are prepared from polyethylene glycol (PEG). In still other embodiments, the intermediate is a polyester, produced from the reaction of adipic acid with a 50/50 mixture of 1,4-butane diol and 1,6-hexane diol.

[43] The polycarbonate-based polyurethane resin of this invention can be further prepared by reacting a diisocyanate with a mixture of hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate and a chain extender. The hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate can be prepared by reacting a glycol with a carbonate.

[44] U.S. Patent No. 4,131,731 is hereby incorporated by reference, regarding its exposure to hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonates and their preparation. Such polycarbonates are linear and have terminal hydroxyl groups to the exclusion of other terminal groups. The essential reagents are glycols and carbonates. Suitable glycols are selected from cycloaliphatic and aliphatic diols containing 4 to 40, and or even 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and polyoxyalkylene glycols containing 2 to 20 alkoxy groups per molecule, with each alkoxy group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Diols suitable for use in the present invention include aliphatic diols containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as butanediol-1,4, pentanediol-1,4, neopentyl glycol, hexanediol-1,6, 2,2, 4-trimethyl hexanediol-1,6, dane diol-1,10, hydrogenated dilinoleyl glycol, hydrogenated dioleyl glycol; and cycloaliphatic diols, such as cyclohexanediol-1,3, dimethylolcyclohexane-1,4, cyclohexanediol-1,4, dimethylolcyclohexane-1,3, 1,4-endo methylene-2-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl cyclohexane, and polyalkylene glycols. The diols used in the reaction can be a single diol or a mixture of diols, depending on the desired properties of the finished product. Polycarbonate intermediates, such as hydroxyl terminated, are generally known in the art and literature. Suitable carbonates are selected from alkylene carbonates, composed of a 5- to 7-membered ring. Suitable carbonates for use in this include ethylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, tetramethylene carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1.2 carbonate - ethylene, 1,3-pentylene carbonate, 1,4-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, and 2,4-pentylene carbonate.

[45] Dialkyl carbonates, cycloaliphatic carbonates, and diaryl carbonates are also suitable in this case. The dialkyl carbonates can contain from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group and the specific examples of these are diethyl carbonate and dipropyl carbonate. Cycloaliphatic carbonates, especially dicycloaliphatic carbonates, can contain 4 to 7 carbon atoms in each cyclic structure, and there may be one or two of such structures. When one group is cycloaliphatic, the other can be either alkyl or aryl. On the other hand, if one group is aryl, the other may be alkyl or cycloaliphatic. Examples of diaryl carbonates, which may contain 6 to 20 carbon atoms in each aryl group, are diphenyl carbonate, ditholyl carbonate, and dinaftyl carbonate.

[46] The reaction is carried out by reacting a glycol with a carbonate, for example, an alkylene carbonate in a molar range of 10: 1 to 1:10, but preferably from 3: 1 to 1: 3 , at a temperature of 100 ° C to 300 ° C and under pressure in a range of 0.1 to 300 mm of mercury, in the presence or absence of an ester exchange catalyst, and can also be performed by removing of low boiling glycols through distillation.

[47] Even more specifically, hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonates are prepared in two stages. In the first stage, a glycol is reacted with an alkylene carbonate, so that a low molecular weight hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate is formed. The lowest boiling point glycol is removed by distillation at 100 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably at 150 ° C to 250 ° C, under a reduced pressure of 10 to 30 mm Hg, and preferably 50 to 200 mm Hg. A fractionation column can be used to separate the glycol by-product from the reaction mixture. The glycol by-product can be extracted from the top of the column and the unreacted alkylene carbonate and the glycol reagent can then be returned to the reaction vessel in the form of a reflux. A stream of inert gas or an inert solvent can be used, in order to facilitate the removal of the glycol by-product, as it is formed. When the amount of glycol by-product obtained indicates that the degree of polymerization of the hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate is in a range of 2 to 10, the pressure is gradually reduced to 0.1 to 10 mm Hg and the glycol is not and the alkylene carbonate are then removed. This marks the beginning of the second stage of the reaction, during which the low molecular weight hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate is reacted, through the distillation of glycol, as it is formed, at 100 ° C to 300 ° C, and preferably at 150 ° C to 250 ° C, at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 mm Hg, until the molecular weight of the hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonate is then reached. The molecular weight (Mn) of the hydroxyl-terminated polycarbonates can vary from about 500 to about 10,000, but in a preferred embodiment, it should be in the range of 500 to 2500.

[48] The second ingredient needed to produce the TPU polymer of this invention is a polyisocyanate. The polyisocyanates of the present invention generally have the formula R (NCO) n, where n is generally 2 to 4, with 2 being highly preferred, although the composition is thermoplastic . Thus, polyisocyanates having a functionality of 3 or 4 are used in very small amounts, for example, less than 5% and, desirably, less than 2% by weight, based on the total weight of all polyisocyanates, although they can cause crosslinking. R can be aromatic, cycloaliphatic, and aliphatic, or combinations thereof, having a total of from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable amounts of diisocyanates include diphenyl methane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), Hn MDI, m-xylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), phenylene-1,4-diisocyanate (PPDI) , 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), and diphenylmethane-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diisocyanate (TODI). Examples of suitable aliphatic diisocyanates include isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate (CHDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1,6-diisocyanate-2 , 2,4,4-tetramethyl hexane (TMDI), 1,10-decane diisocyanate, and dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (HMDI). A highly preferred diisocyanate is an MDI containing less than about 3% by weight of the ortho-to (2,4) isomer.

[49] The third ingredient, necessary to produce the TPU polymer of this invention, is the chain extender. The chain extenders are short chain or lower aliphatic glycols, having from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycosides cis -cyclohexyl dimethylol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butane diol, [1] -hexane diol, 1,3-butane diol and 1,5-pentane diol transports. The present invention requires a linear alkylene glycol chain extender, but in some embodiments, additional chain extenders can be used in combination with linear alkylene glycol chain extenders. Benzene glycol (HQEE) and xylylene glycols are suitable chain extenders for use in the production of the TPU of this invention. Xylylene glycol is a mixture of 1,4-di (hydroxymethyl) benzene and 1,2-di (hydroxymethyl) benzene. Benzene glycol is a preferred aromatic chain extender and specifically includes hydroquinone, bis (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, also known as 1,4-di (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene; resorcinol, bis (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, also known as 1,3-di (2-hydroxyethyl) benzene; catechol, i.e., bis (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, also known as com, 2-di (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene; and their combinations. The preferred chain extender is 1,4-butane diol.

[50] The three necessary ingredients above (hydroxyl terminated intermediate, polyisocyanate, and chain extender) can be reacted in the presence of a catalyst.

[51] In general, any conventional catalyst can be used to carry out the reaction of the diisocyanate with the hydroxyl-terminated intermediate or with the chain extender, and it is well known in the art and literature. Examples of suitable catalysts include the various organo compounds, such as carbonates, bismuth or tin, where the alkyl portion has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, specific examples including bismuth octoate, laurate bismuth, and the like. Preferred catalysts include the various tin catalysts, such as stannous octoate, dibutyl tin dioctoate, dibutyl tin dilaurate, and the like. The amount of a catalyst is generally as small as from about from 20 to about 200 parts per million, based on the total weight of the polyurethane-forming monomers.

[52] The TPU polymers of this invention can be produced using any of the conventional polymerization methods, well known in the art and literature.

[53] In still some embodiments, the inventive polyurethanes are produced using a “single charge” process, in which all components are added together, either simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, to a heated extruder, and then reacted in such a way that the polyurethane is formed. The equivalent ratio of the diisocyanate to the total equivalents of the hydroxyl-terminated intermediate and the diol chain extender is generally from about 0.95 to about 1.10, and desirably about 0.97 to about 1.03, and even more preferably from about 0.97 to about 1.00. In some embodiments, the Shore A hardness of the TPU formed will typically be from less than 80A, 85A or even 95A. The reaction temperatures, which use the urethane catalyst, can be from about 175 ° C to about 245 ° C or even from about 180 ° C to about 220 ° C. The molecular weight (Mw) of the thermoplastic polyurethane can be from about 100,000 to about 800,000 Daltons or from about 150,000 to about 400,000, or from about 150,000 to about 350,000, as measured through GPC , in relation to polystyrene standards.

[54] Useful additives can be used in appropriate amounts in the TPUs described herein, where such additives can be added either before, during, or after the preparation of the TPU. Such additional additives include opacification pigments, colorants, mineral fillers, stabilizers, lubricants, UV absorbers, processing aids, and still other additives, as desired. Useful opacification pigments include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and titanate yellow, while useful dye pigments include carbon black, yellow oxides, brown oxides, crude or burnt sine or umbra, oxide green chromium, cadmium pigments, chromium pigments, and other mixed metal oxide and organic pigments. Payloads include diatomaceous earth clay (surface), silica, talc, mica, volastonite, barium sulfate and calcium carbonate. If desired, useful stabilizers, such as antioxidants, can still be used and include phenolic antioxidants, while useful photostabilizers include organic phosphates and organo-tin thiolates (mercaptides). Useful antioxidants also include sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants. Useful lubricants include metal stearates, paraffin oils and amide waxes, for example, alkylene bisstearamides, such as N, N'-ethylene bisestearamide and non-ester esters. Useful UV absorbers include 2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles and 2-hydroxybenzophenones. Typical TPU flame retardants can also be added.

[55] Plasticizer additives can also be used advantageously to reduce hardness, without affecting properties, if they are used in small quantities. In still some modalities, plasticizers are not used.

[56] In still some modalities, the cooling effect of the fiber can be expressed in terms of effective cooling power. Although there are several ways to measure the cooling effect provided by the invention, this application includes details regarding two approaches for measuring this effect. The first refers to the cooling effect provided by the fabrics produced from the fibers described here, in which the fabric and the area of the "skin" in contact with the fabric, in this case a test surface that takes the place of the skin of a person, are both, and in which case, a constant breath of air is blown through the fabric. Although the specific conditions involved are considered to be important primarily for the purposes of comparative results, these types of assessments can, in fact, be performed at various ambient temperatures, humidity levels, blowing speed, starting temperature of the “skin”, be the heat source of the "skin" left or removed, and several other variables. In addition, this parameter is, in fact, measured with respect to a specific area. Another approach follows the basic testing methodology described above, but adds the additional sweat variable, and various rates of moisture release from the “skin”, throughout the course of the test. Using these types of tests, it is possible to measure the amount of energy, which is necessary to maintain the temperature of the "skin" under various conditions, or alternatively, measure the rate at which the temperature of the "skin" drops if no heat source is applied, thereby providing an indication of the cooling power of the tissue involved. Specific test conditions and results are provided in the examples section of this report. It is important to note that, regardless of the test approach used, and the specific conditions selected, all tests conducted to date have shown that the fabrics, produced from the fibers described here, exhibit significantly higher cooling powers and allow for temperature drops larger and faster than the comparative materials also tested.

[57] In still some embodiments, the fibers of the present invention, when evaluated using the methods described above, in a specific way in which the tissue is placed on the surface of the test skin, with an active heat source working so that the skin surface temperature is maintained, 30% relative humidity, an air blowing speed of 3 m / s, and an ambient temperature of 15 ° C, provide a cooling power of at least 31 watts for a test, are 629 cm2, or mentioned in a different way, a cooling power of at least 49 watts per square meter. That is, at least 49 watts per square meter of area are required in order for the skin temperature to be maintained, providing an indication as to the cooling effect that the tissue could provide to a person, when the tissue against their skin, compared to other materials (nylon and polyester, for example, could not break the limit of 31 watts, under the same exact test conditions). This cooling power can also be at least 34 watts for a test area of 629 cm2, at least 55 watts per square meter, where the fiber is a monofilament and is not semi-opaque. The same limits apply to tests conducted at 50% relative humidity and 3 m / s air blowing speed, as well as at 5 m / s air blowing speed at 50% relative humidity.

[58] In yet similar modalities, the fiber according to the present invention, when evaluated using the methods described above, in a specific way in which the tissue is placed on the surface of the test skin, with an active heat source operating so that the skin surface temperature is maintained, 50% relative humidity, at an air blowing speed of 0.3 m / s, and at an ambient temperature of 15 ° C, a cooling power of at least is provided minus 13 or 14 watts for a test area of 629 cm2, of at least 21 or 22 watts per square meter.

[59] A method of producing the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact according to the invention is not particularly limited and conventionally known methods, such as a method of production through the production of resin pellets containing the thermoplastic elastomer and the inorganic charge and then the melting and spinning using the obtained resin pellets, can then be employed.

[60] The shell-core composite yarn can also be produced using, for example, filler pellets containing the resin, which can be dyed, the thermoplastic elastomer, and the inorganic filler inside a spinning apparatus of composite and then its fusion and spinning.

[61] The invention further provides a method of producing a fiber, which includes the stages of: (1) preparing an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device. The elastomer resin is prepared by reacting: (i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, (ii) a diisocyanate, and (iii) a linear alkylene glycol chain extender. The intermediate can be a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of not more than 22 ° C. The second stage, (II) is the melt spinning of the elastomer resin to a fiber, for example, a monofilament or multifilament fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber consists of a monofilament fiber. All the various characteristics and modalities discussed above with respect to the fiber and the composition used for its preparation apply equally in this case.

The fabric

[62] The fiber according to the invention can be used in the form of a fabric, such as a mesh, a textile and a bonded textile. The resulting fabric is excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, while presenting excellent fiber elasticity.

[63] The fabric, excellent in feeling of contact by cooling, according to the invention, can still only comprise the fiber, excellent in feeling of contact by cooling of the invention and, in still other modalities, it can also comprise the fiber and a another twisted fiber, along with the improvement of the factors required for specific applications. For example, in garments, which are in direct contact with the skin. Such optional cofibers are not particularly limited and examples include resins of the polyamide type, such as nylon 6 and nylon 12, polyesters, cotton and rayon.

[64] The invention further includes fabrics produced from any of the fibers described herein, including woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, knitted fabric and combinations thereof. In still some other embodiments, the fabrics according to the invention are woven fabrics. In some other embodiments, the fabrics according to the invention are nonwoven fabrics. In still other embodiments, the fabrics according to the invention are knitted fabrics. In addition, the invention includes fabrics, which further contain one or more additional fibers, other than the fibers according to the invention. The fabric may consist of 10 to 80 weight percent of these additional fibers, or not more than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10% of these additional fibers. In some embodiments, there are no additional fibers present. In embodiments, in which there are one or more additional fibers present in the fabric, these additional fibers may be nylon fibers, polyether fibers, rayon fibers, acrylic fibers, and combinations thereof.

[65] The invention also includes a method of producing a fabric, which includes the stages of (I) preparing an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device, wherein said elastomer resin is prepared, as described herein. The process may also optionally include the addition of a crosslinking agent, such that the reaction product of a polyalkylene glycol ether or triol and a diisocyanate. Stage (II) consists of the melt spinning of said elastomer resin in the form of a fiber, for example, a monofilament or multifilament fiber. In still some embodiments, the fiber, or preferably the polymer that constitutes the fiber, has an average molecular weight, by weight, of at least 700,000. Stage (III) consists of processing the fiber, optionally in combination with one or more fibers, in the form of a fabric.

[66] An additional benefit of the invention is the improved moldability of the fabrics, which contain the fibers described here. When used at appropriate levels within the fabric, the fabric according to the invention can be successfully shaped at lower temperatures and / or in less time, thereby improving the ability to protect the fabric, dye, etc. of the fabric, which can be damaged by the high temperatures and / or the short exposure time required by more conventional fabrics, so that they are successfully shaped. In still some embodiments, the fabrics according to the invention can then be molded at temperatures of no more than 150 or even 140 ° C, and / or where the molding is completed in less than 20, 15 or even even 10 seconds. In still some embodiments, a minimum level of fibers according to the invention must be present in the fabric, in order for it to provide these benefits. In still some modalities, this lower limit is 40%, 50%, 60% or even 80%, in which the percentage represented by the percentage, by weight, of the fibers in the fabric must be of the fibers according to the present invention . However, it should also be understood that a much smaller amount of the fibers according to the invention in a fabric will improve the moldability of the fabric. It is noted that Spandex ™ and similar materials are not moldable at low temperatures, and that the fibers of these materials cannot always be knitted in the form of fabrics, unless a positive feeder is then used, an expensive piece of required equipment due to the super elasticity of Spandex ™ fibers.

The Articles

[67] The fiber, excellent in the cooling contact sensation of the invention and the fabric, excellent in the cooling contact sensation of the invention, can then be used for the production of articles, which include garments. In the case of articles, which come into contact with the skin, again, for example, garments, articles according to the invention exhibit excellent elasticity, provide a feeling of cooling to the user, and do not present an unpleasant sensation and / or sticky, even during wetting.

[68] As the articles, and in a specific way the garments, provide an excellent sensation of cooling contact, it is possible that a sensation of cooling will be produced at the moment of use and that a refreshing sensation will be provided. Furthermore, the present invention does not require the addition of inorganic filler, so that the garment produced is free of a sticky sensation at the time of wetting, as is the case with other fibers, used in garments with similar cooling effects. Thus, the present invention is extremely suitable for use in underwear.

[69] The garment, excellent in the feeling of cooling contact according to the invention, can be produced using the fiber excellent in feeling of cooling contact, in an integral way, and it is still more particularly preferable that the garment, excellent in the cooling sensation, which comprises a fabric having a reversible structure and an excellent refreshing sensation, has 30 to 70%, by number of total loops, comprising the excellent fiber in cooling contact, arranged in a skin contact side (hereinafter also referred to as a refreshing garment).

[70] With respect to the garment, which comprises a fabric having a reversible structure like the garment, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact according to the invention, the ratio of the number of loops, which comprises the fiber, excellent in sensation of cooling contact, be controlled within a prescribed fixed, and that such loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in sensation of cooling contact, are arranged only on the side of contact with the skin, so that the garment can then have an effect of preventing the unpleasant feeling caused by excessive sweating.

[71] In recent years, various types of garments having perfected functions such as underwear to be placed on a sweat occasion in the summer, such as in the case of exercise, sports and the like, have been developed and proposed, and a such a functional garment has been suggested, for example, as a garment produced from hydrophobic fibers, such as a polyester. In addition, a method for increasing air permeability through the use of a hydrophilic fiber in combination with cotton and a method for increasing air permeability through the formation of a mesh structure for a fabric or through the formation of a musky mesh of a fabric derived from simple knitting and warp knitting has been investigated, and Kokai Japonsesa Publication 2003 - 155669 exposes a reformed fabric by depositing a hydrophilic chemical substance on the surface of a hydrophobic fiber , which makes up the fabric. However, in the case of a garment, which comprises such hydrophobic fibers, although the heat generated can be efficiently released, an unpleasant sensation is caused, due to the damp sensation, in the case where the skin or the garment is moistened due to sweat and, at the same time, the fabric tends to become sticky to the skin, thus causing the problem that the garment will restrict movement.

[72] On the other hand, with regard to the refreshing garment, which comprises the fabric having a reversible structure, it is possible to cause the sensation of a cooling sensation at the time of use and still provide a refreshing sensation and it is still possible, simultaneously, avoid the unpleasant sensation due to wetting, at the time of sweating and also avoid the stickiness of the tissue to the skin, caused by the deterioration of the separation from the skin, through which the control of the ratio of the number of loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, is kept within a prescribed range. In addition, the loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, can be arranged only on the side of the skin, so that the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, can be placed in contact directly with the skin, and that a garment with an additionally refreshing feel appropriate and with a sense of cooling contact can then be produced.

[73] In articles and garments according to the invention, the lower limit of the fiber loop ratio, excellent in the sense of cooling contact, can be 30% of the total number of loops, and the upper limit can be 70% or even higher, such as 75%, 80%, 90% or even 100% of the number of loops. If it is less than 30%, the effect to cause the cooling sensation and the sensation of cooling contact may be insufficient in some cases. The high level can be achieved by means of the present invention, without causing an unpleasant sensation due to the wet sensation, in the event that the skin or the garment is moistened due to sweat.

[74] As noted above in the case of fiber and fabric, the cooling article, for example, the garment, may contain the thermoplastic elastomer and an inorganic filler, but in still other embodiments it is substantially free of, or even free of, any inorganic charge.

[75] In the articles according to the invention, for example, the garment, the thickness of the fabric must be made as thin as possible, the fiber, excellent in the cooling sensation, and can be used in combination with another fiber. The lower limit of the thermoplastic elastomer content in the fiber, excellent in a cooling sensation, can be 50% by weight. If it is less than 50% by weight, a feeling of cooling contact may, in some cases, not be caused. In still other embodiments, the fiber content according to the invention, which is present in the fabric and articles, is at least 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85 %, or at least 95% by weight. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that some minimal fiber content in the fabric and / or article in question needs to be from the fiber according to the invention, in order for the cooling effect to be observable. This minimum required content can still vary across the various formulations, included in the present invention, but, in some embodiments, can be regularly constant across the various formulations. This minimum content can be any of the percentages described above.

[76] In still some modalities, in the articles and / or garments according to the invention, the loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, are preferable to be arranged only on the side of the skin. The arrangement in such a way causes the loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in a sensation of cooling contact, to be mainly in contact with the skin, and causes the sensation of cooling contact and a cooling sensation, and, as such as described later, the loop arrangement, which comprises a hydrophobic fiber on the outer side, improves the diffusion and evaporation property of the heat and water emitted from the skin.

[77] In articles and / or garments according to the invention, the loops, other than the loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in feeling of cooling contact are preferably the loops which comprise a fiber hydrophobic. As the loops, which comprise the fiber, excellent in the sensation of cooling contact, are arranged only on the side of the skin, the loops, which comprise a hydrophobic fiber, are arranged mainly on the outside.

[78] In this description, the hydrophobic fiber comprises a chemical fiber having an official water percentage of 5.0% or less. In a practical way, fibers that comprise polypropylenes (percentage of official water: 0%), polyesters (0.4%) acrylic resins (2.0%), nylon (4.5%) and vinylon (5.0% ) can be exemplified. These can be used in isolation or two or more types of them can be used in a combined way. In connection with this, the percentage of official water means a percentage at 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity.

[79] The articles and / or garments according to the invention may also contain natural fibers, such as cotton and linen, and semi-synthetic fibers, such as rayon and acetate, based on need, in addition to the fiber excellent in the sensation of cooling contact and hydrophobic fiber.

[80] In still some modalities, or articles and / or garments according to the invention have an air permeability of the refreshing garment from from 200 cm3 / cm2 / second to up to 500 cm3 / cm2 / second . If it is less than 200 cm3 / cm2 / second, air permeability can be deteriorated and the diffusion of heat and evaporation of sweat, emitted from the skin, can possibly be inhibited and if it is more than 500 cm3 / cm2 / second, the transfer of heat and water through the garment may not be carried out sufficiently and the outside air may otherwise penetrate. Air permeability can be measured using an air permeability tester, according to the JIS L 1096 A method.

[81] In the fabric, articles and / or garments according to the invention, the upper limit of the weight per square meter can be 120, 100 or even 90g / m2. Unlike other means of providing such cooling sensations, if the weight per square meter is more than 120, 100 or even 90 g / m2, the mechanism in operation can be muffled and, thus, the sensation of cooling can possibly be deteriorated.

[82] A method for producing the articles and / or garments according to the invention is not particularly limited and, for example, conventionally known methods, such as a method of producing garments using the fiber weave, excellent in the sense of cooling contact of the invention, can be used. These materials can also be produced using conventionally known methods of sewing, cutting and the like, through the use of fabrics with a reversible structure, obtained through the aforementioned method.

[83] Items of underwear, excellent in the sense of cooling contact, can be produced through the use of the fiber according to the invention or the fabric according to the invention. In addition, the garment, which is excellent in the sense of cooling contact of the invention, can also be used as a piece of underwear. In still such embodiments, the invention can provide any one or more of the benefits described above for the fiber, fabric, article, and / or garment.

[84] In addition to underwear items, the present invention includes socks, gloves, face masks, earmuffs and the like, which can be produced using the fiber according to the invention or the fabric, excellent in the sensation of contact cooling system according to the invention. They are placed in direct contact with the skin, and thus can therefore have a particularly excellent effect.

[85] The invention includes an article made from the fabrics described above. For example, various garments can be produced with the fabrics of this invention. In still some embodiments, the fabric is used in the production of intimate garments or pieces of adjusted cut, for which the fabrics of the invention are quite well suited, due to the comfort and cooling effects provided by the fibers. Intimate garments, such as t-shirts, as well as other sports garments, used for activities, such as running, skiing, cycling, or even other sports, can benefit from the properties of these fibers. Intimate garments, worn close to the body, can benefit from the elasticity and cooling effect, which is provided by the present invention. It should also be understood by those skilled in the art, that any garment can be produced from the fabrics and fibers of this invention.

[86] In yet other embodiments, the fibers described herein are used for the production of one or more of any number of garments and articles, which include, but are not limited to: sports equipment, such as shorts, which include shorts for cycling, mountaineering, running, compression, training, golf, baseball, basketball, cheering, dancing, football and / or hockey; shirts, which include any of the specific types listed for the shorts above; fitted garments, which include training garments and compression garments; swimming suits, which include competitive swimming and leisure swimming; one-piece robes, which include one-piece robes for wrestling, running and swimming; and footwear. Additional arrangements also include work clothing, such as shirts and uniforms. Other additional modalities include underwear that includes pants, men's underwear, nightgowns, body shapers, sleepwear, panties, men's t-shirts, straps, socks and bodices. Additional modalities include medical clothing and articles, which include pants, such as compression pants, diabetic socks, static socks, and more dynamic; bandages and films for the treatment of therapeutic burns; dressings for wound care; medical vestments. Additional applications also include military applications, which reproduce one or more of the specific articles described above. Additional arrangements also include bedding such as sheets, blankets, comforters, mattress pads, mattress toppers, and pillow covers.

[87] In some embodiments, the article of the present invention consists of a garment and the fibers, which make up the fabric in the garments, are arranged on the garment as being in direct contact with the skin of a wearer. said garment. This allows the user to obtain the full benefit of the cooling effect provided by the invention.

[88] The invention also provides a method for providing a cooling effect in an article, such as a garment, which is in direct contact with human skin, which comprises the stages of: (1) preparation of a fabric, comprising the fiber according to claim 1; (II) preparation of an article, which comprises said fabric; and (II) placing said article in direct contact with human skin.

[89] It is known that some of the materials described above may still interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may differ from those initially added. For example, metal ions (from, for example, a detergent) can migrate to other acidic or anionic sites or to other molecules. The products formed by them, which include products formed by using the composition of the present invention in their intended use, may not be susceptible to an easy description. However, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses the composition prepared by mixing the components described above.

EXAMPLES

[90] The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which expose particularly advantageous modalities. Although the examples are provided in order to illustrate the present invention, they are not intended to limit it.

Set of Examples

1- Cada amostra de tecido está sob a forma de uma meia/manga. O diâmetro refere-se ao diâmetro da manga que o tecido cria, enquanto que o comprimento é o comprimento efetivo da amostra. Quanto ao peso do tecido, cada amostra foi pesada, e então, usando as outras medições relatadas, um peso em termos de gramas por metro quadrado foi então calculado para cada tecido. 2- Esta fibra está comercialmente disponível de Invista™. 3- A fibra A é preparada a partir de um polialquileno glicol, de um alquileno diol, e de um MDI. 4- Afigura B é preparada a partir de um adipato de alquileno diol, um alquileno diol, e MDI. 5- A fibra C é uma versão de multifilamentos da Fibra B, eé quimicamente idêntica à Fibra B. 6- A fibra D é a fibra B, mas tendo recebido a adição de um agente de opacificação comercialmente disponível.[91] Seven materials have been evaluated in order to demonstrate the benefits of the invention. These materials are summarized in the table below. Table 1- Description and Sample Properties

1- Each tissue sample is in the form of a sock / sleeve. The diameter refers to the diameter of the sleeve that the fabric creates, while the length is the effective length of the sample. As for the tissue weight, each sample was weighed, and then, using the other reported measurements, a weight in terms of grams per square meter was then calculated for each tissue. 2- This fiber is commercially available from Invista ™. 3- Fiber A is prepared from a polyalkylene glycol, an alkylene diol, and an MDI. 4- Figure B is prepared from an alkylene diol adipate, an alkylene diol, and MDI. 5- Fiber C is a multifilament version of Fiber B, and is chemically identical to Fiber B. 6- Fiber D is fiber B, but having received the addition of a commercially available opacifying agent.

[92] Comparative Example 1 is a reference line and does not represent fiber and / or fabric. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are comparative materials, which do not represent the invention. Examples 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent various embodiments of the invention.

[93] It was observed that the tested tissues had different diameters and that the tissues obtained for the tests have different weights. In order for these differences to be taken into account, the tests described below were performed using clamps, so that the tissue samples were fixed in such a way that tension and tissue density were provided. comparable over the test surface, thus allowing a valid comparison of materials. It is not expected that any differences not considered with respect to these controls can have a significant impact on the parameters tested.

Test Methods and Results

[94] The examples described above were tested in order to determine their cooling power. These tests were conducted in a climate chamber, at a controlled temperature and humidity, using a thermal manikin that produces sweat as a test surface. The test surface of the manikin, with a known surface area, is equipped with thermal pairs, in order to monitor the temperature and the heating elements, to allow the test surface to be heated to a realistic human skin temperature, for testing to be performed. In addition, the demand strengths of the heating elements could also be monitored, so that the amount of energy required to maintain a specific skin temperature on the test surface was observed. The test surface was also able to release moisture, simulating the release of sweat from human skin. A high-powered fan was used as a source of wind. The test surface area used for all these tests was 629 cm2.

[95] For these tests, the thermal mannequin that produces sweat is placed inside the climate chamber, which is then adjusted to 15 ° C. The tests were performed at 30% and 50% relative humidity, with wind speeds of 0.3 m / s, 3 m / s, and d and 5 m / s. A wind speed of 0.3 m / s is considered to be the normal condition inside the climate chamber and thus indicates that the high speed fan is in the off position. Samples of open-end socks, knitted with circular mesh, of each material, also referred to as the sleeves, are placed on the test surface of the thermal mannequin that produces sweat, in this case, the forearm of the mannequin. The samples are placed on the test surface for testing and are then removed and replaced with the next sample. As noted above, fixation clips are used to secure each sample to the forearm of the thermal sweat-producing dummy and care is taken to ensure that the samples are placed with comparable levels of tension and tissue density.

[96] At the start of each test, the sample is then brought to the desired conditions. The test surface, covered with the tissue sample being tested, is then heated to the desired starting skin temperature, either 31 or 34 C cranes, selected in a way that approximates the temperature of human skin, and wind is included in the test conditions, the fan is then turned on at the desired setting. Once all of these conditions are met, the test period is then started by monitoring the amount of power required by the heating element, so that the temperature adjustment of the test surface is maintained. This amount of power is then measured in Watts and is referred to as the cooling power of the fabric being tested under certain test conditions. At the end of each test, the sample fabric was then replaced with a different sample and the tests were then repeated, changing conditions as required.

[97] For the reference line in Example 1, the test was performed with a bare test surface, providing the effect that could be expected from bare skin. This bare skin reference line was then included in the tests for comparative purposes.

1- Estes ajustes de condição foram executados nos testes na ordem que se segue: IV, I, V, II, VI, III. Os Conjuntos de Condições IV e V são idênticos, e não foram executados de um modo consecutivo, provendo, deste modo, um conjunto de dados em duplicata, que mostra a repetibilidade dos resultados e a diferença relativa entre as amostras. 2- A temperatura da pele objetivada para estes testes é sempre de 34 °C, exceto no caso em que o Conjunto de Condições seja de 5 m/s. Os resultados destes testes estão sumariados na tabela abaixo: Tabela 3- Sumário dos Resultados do Teste de Potência de Resfriamento1

1- Todos os resultados relatados nesta tabela referem-se à potência de resfriamento, medida em Watts [W]. Esta é a quantidade de potência do elemento de aquecimento no manequim térmico que produz suor, requerida de um modo a que fosse mantida a temperatura da superfície de teste, da superfície do antebraço coberta com o tecido de teste, no ponto sob as condições especificadas. Quanto mais alta a potência de resfriamento relatada, mais potência foi requerida para que a temperatura fosse mantida e, deste modo, um maior efeito de resfriamento do tecido fosse então criado. Em outras palavras, quanto maior a potência de resfriamento relatada, maior o efeito de resfriamento que poderia ser esperado que fosse experimentado, quando do uso de uma peça de vestuário, produzida a partir do tecido testado. Estes resultados são todos em relação a uma área de superfície de teste padrão de 629 cm2. Uma potência de resfriamento por metro quadrado pode ser calculada através da divisão do resultado relatado por 0,629.[98] The table below summarizes the test conditions used and the examples tested under each set of conditions. Table 2- Summary of Cooling Power Test Conditions using the Dummy

1- These condition adjustments were performed in the tests in the following order: IV, I, V, II, VI, III. Condition Sets IV and V are identical, and were not executed in a consecutive manner, thus providing a duplicate data set, which shows the repeatability of the results and the relative difference between the samples. 2- The target skin temperature for these tests is always 34 ° C, except in the case where the Set of Conditions is 5 m / s. The results of these tests are summarized in the table below: Table 3- Summary of Cooling Power Test Results1

1- All the results reported in this table refer to the cooling power, measured in Watts [W]. This is the amount of power from the heating element on the sweat-producing thermal mannequin, required in order to maintain the temperature of the test surface, the surface of the forearm covered with the test fabric, at the point under the specified conditions. The higher the reported cooling power, the more power was required in order for the temperature to be maintained and, thus, a greater cooling effect on the fabric was then created. In other words, the greater the reported cooling power, the greater the cooling effect that could be expected to be experienced when using a garment, produced from the tested fabric. These results are all relative to a standard test surface area of 629 cm2. A cooling power per square meter can be calculated by dividing the reported result by 0.629.

[99] The results show that the fibers according to the invention, and even more specifically than a fabric produced from such fibers, produce a cooling effect, as measured by the cooling power, greater than that of conventional synthetic fibers, and even more specifically of a fabric produced from conventional synthetic fibers. In addition, the results show that the fibers according to the invention, and even more specifically than a fabric produced from such fibers, provide a cooling effect, as measured by the cooling power, comparable to that observatory on the reference line, in the bare skin example. In other words, the present invention provides fibers, fabrics and various garments, which include the means of producing such articles, which would provide a user, in contact with said articles, with a cooling sensation similar to that felt when no tissue is in contact with the skin, as is the case when the skin is bare.

[100] An additional test suite is also included, which adds the additional moisture release variable from the test surface when performing the tests. In these tests, a thermal foot model, which produces sweat, was used when the model was equipped with controls similar to those of the mannequin described above. The moisture releases used in these tests were designed to simulate different rates of sweat that a person would experience when wearing a garment made from the test fabric, for example, during exercise, and then looking at what impact this would present on the cooling power of the fabric.

1- Estes conjuntos de condições foram executados nos testes na ordem que se segue: VII, VIII, IX, X, XI.[101] The same seven examples listed in Table 1 were then tested in this case. The conditions used in these tests are summarized in the table below. For each test condition, the system was allowed to stabilize for 30 minutes, without any blowing of wind or release of moisture, during which time the cooling power of the tissue was then measured. The release of moisture was then started and the system was again allowed to stabilize for 30 minutes, during which time the cooling power could then be measured. Finally, the wind blowing condition was then added and the system was again allowed to stabilize over 30 minutes, during which time the cooling power could then be measured. Table 4- Summary of Cooling Power Test Conditions Using the Foot Model

1- These sets of conditions were performed in the tests in the following order: VII, VIII, IX, X, XI.

1-Todos os resultados relatados nesta tabela são a potência de resfriamento, Watts [W]. Vide também as Tabela 5B - Sumário de Resultados de Teste de Potência de Resfriamento11-

Todos os resultados relatados nesta tabela são potência de resfriamento, Watts [W]. Vide também a nota de rodapé da Tabela 3.[102] The results of these tests are summarized in the table below. As noted above, each test condition included three distinct cooling power measurements, one without wind or moisture release (A), one with moisture release and no wind (B), and both with targeted moisture release. , as with wind (C). For each set of conditions, the measured cooling power is shown below: Table 5A - Summary of Power Test Results

1-All the results reported in this table are the cooling power, Watts [W]. See also Table 5B - Summary of Cooling Power Test Results11-

All results reported in this table are cooling power, Watts [W]. See also the footnote to Table 3.

[103] The results show that the fibers according to the invention, and even more specifically a fabric produced from such fibers, provide a cooling effect, as measured by a cooling power, greater than that of conventional synthetic fibers, and even more specifically, of a fabric produced from conventional synthetic fibers, particularly when both conditions of moisture release and wind blowing are present. As these conditions are common, and in fact expected when a person is wearing a garment, especially sports clothing and similar clothing, the results reinforce the conclusion that the articles produced from the fibers according to the invention , would provide a person, who was using those articles, or who would still put their skin in contact with those articles, with a cooling effect.

Set of Examples 2

l-Cada amostra de tecido está sob a forma de uma meia/manga aberta, trançada a partir da fibra descrita. 2-0 adipato de BDO é um adipato preparado a partir de 1,4-butano diol e de ácido adípico. 3-0 adipato de HDO é um adipato preparado a partir de 1,6-hexano diol e de ácido adípico. 4-0 adipato de BDO/HDO é um adipato preparado a partir do ácido adípico e de uma mistura de 114- butano diol e de 1,6-hexano diol. Tabela 7- Descrições e Propriedades da Amostra

1- Cada amostra de tecido está sob a forma de uma meia/manga aberta, trançada a partir da fibra descrita. 2- O adipato de BDO é um adipato preparado a partir de 1,4-butano diol e de ácido adípico. 3- O adipato de HDO é um adipato preparado a partir de 1,6-hexano diol e de ácido adípico. 4- O adipato de BDO/HDO é um adipato preparado a partir do ácido adípico e de uma mistura de 114- butano diol e de 1,6-hexano diol.[104] Various materials are prepared, so that they can further demonstrate the present invention. These materials are summarized in the tables below. Table 6- Sample Descriptions and Properties

l-Each fabric sample is in the form of an open half / sleeve, braided from the described fiber. 2-0 BDO adipate is an adipate prepared from 1,4-butane diol and adipic acid. 3-0 HDO adipate is an adipate prepared from 1,6-hexane diol and adipic acid. 4-0 BDO / HDO adipate is an adipate prepared from adipic acid and a mixture of 114-butane diol and 1,6-hexane diol. Table 7- Sample Descriptions and Properties

1- Each fabric sample is in the form of an open half / sleeve, braided from the described fiber. 2- BDO adipate is an adipate prepared from 1,4-butane diol and adipic acid. 3- HDO adipate is an adipate prepared from 1,6-hexane diol and adipic acid. 4- BDO / HDO adipate is an adipate prepared from adipic acid and a mixture of 114-butane diol and 1,6-hexane diol.

[105] Each of the documents mentioned above is incorporated by reference. Except in the Examples, or when otherwise explicitly stated, all numerical quantities in this description specify material quantities, reaction conditions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, to be understood as modified by the word "about of Unless otherwise stated, all percentage values, ppm values and part values are on a weight basis. Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical substance or composition referred to herein must be interpreted as a commercial grade material, containing isomers, by-products, derivatives, and yet other metals, which are normally understood to be present in the class commercial. However, the amount of each chemical component is shown to the exclusion of any solvent or diluent oil, which may, in the usual way, be present in commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It should also be understood that the upper and lower quantity, the range, and the ratio limits set forth herein can be combined independently. Similarly, the ranges and quantities for each element of the invention can be used in conjunction with the ranges or quantities of any of the other elements. As used herein, the term “consisting essentially of” allows the inclusion of substances, which do not materially affect the basic and new characteristics of the composition under consideration.

Claims (16)

1. Fiber prepared from a composition, characterized by the fact that it comprises the reaction product of: (i) an intermediate terminated in hydroxyl, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, in which the intermediate has a Tg of -40 to 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate; and (iii) a chain extender comprising a linear alkylene glycol, wherein the Tg of the composition, from which the fiber is prepared, is from -40 to 22 ° C. 2. Fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that (i) the hydroxyl-terminated intermediate is substantially free of amide block polyether copolymers. Fiber according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber has a percentage elongation of 200% to 300%. 4. Fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the fiber has an effective cooling power of at least 49 watts per square meter, measured at 30% relative humidity and at a wind blowing speed 3m / s. 5. Fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the fiber is substantially free of inorganic fibers. Fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that (i) the hydroxyl-terminated intermediate comprises polyethylene glycol, (ii) the diisocyanate comprises diphenyl methylene diisocyanate, and (iii ) the linear alkylene glycol chain extender comprises 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, or combinations thereof. Fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composition, from which the fiber is prepared, consists of a polymer alloy, comprising: (a) a multiphase copolymer, prepared by reacting a polymer and / or copolymer segment with at least one other polymer and / or copolymer segment; (b) polymer mixture, prepared by mixing a polymer and / or copolymer with at least one other polymer and / or copolymer, wherein each of the polymers and / or copolymers is compatible and / or miscible with each other; or (c) combinations thereof. Fiber according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that said polymer alloy is derived from the reaction of: (I) (a) a polyol; (i) (b) a polyester intermediate derived from a polyol and a dicarboxylic acid; (ii) at least one diisocyanate; and (iii) at least one chain extender. 9. Fabric, characterized by the fact that it comprises fiber as defined in claim 1. 10. Fabric according to claim 9, characterized in that said fabric further comprises one or more additional fibers, other than the fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fabric has 10 to 80 percent, in weight of these additional fibers. 11. Fabric according to claim 10, characterized in that the additional fibers are selected from the group, which consists of nylon fibers, polyester fibers, rayon fibers, acrylic fibers, and combinations thereof. 12. Article, characterized by the fact that it comprises the fabric as defined in claim 9. 13. Article according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the article is a garment and in which the fibers of the fabric are arranged in said garment, so that they are in direct contact with the skin of a user of that garment. 14. Method of providing a cooling effect in an article, which is in direct contact with human skin, characterized by the fact that it comprises the stages of: I. preparing a fabric, which comprises the fiber according to claim 1 ; II. preparing an article, comprising said fabric; III. put that article in direct contact with human skin. 15. Method of producing a fiber, characterized by the fact that it comprises the stages of: I. preparing an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device, in which said elastomer resin is prepared through the reaction of: (i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, wherein the intermediate has a Tg of -40 to 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate; and (iii) a chain extender comprising linear alkylene glycol, wherein the Tg of the composition from which the fiber is prepared is from -40 to 22 ° C; II. melt spinning of said elastomer resin in the form of a monofilament or multifilament fiber. 16. Method of producing a fabric, characterized by the fact that it comprises the stages of: I. preparing an elastomer resin in an internal mixing device, in which the said elastomer resin is prepared through the reaction of: (i) a hydroxyl-terminated intermediate, comprising a polyester, a polyether, a polycarbonate or a combination thereof, where the intermediate has a Tg of -40 to 22 ° C; (ii) a diisocyanate, and (iii) a chain extender comprising linear alkylene glycol, wherein the Tg of the composition from which the fiber is prepared is from -40 to 22 ° C; II. melt spinning of said elastomer resin in the form of a monofilament or multifilament fiber; III. processing said fiber, optionally in combination with one or more other fibers, in the form of a fabric.