BR102023020701A2 - EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FOR MASS TRANSFER, DIFFUSER, INVERTED VENTURI TUBE, PROCESS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION OR RECOVERY OF A LIQUID BODY - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention lies in the fields of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. The invention provides equipment and a process for mass transfer comprising: an additive distribution system, an improved diffuser for the formation of thin liquid films, an inverted venturi tube or a combination thereof. The invention also discloses a process for environmental conservation or recovery of liquid bodies. In one embodiment, the equipment of the invention comprises an improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi tube in a single piece and floating in relation to the external casing, providing automatic adjustment to changes in liquid level in a liquid body. The invention provides several technical effects, including: reduction of pressure loss; increased energy efficiency, fluid dynamics and/or mobilization of organic loads; greater ease of assembly, maintenance and operation. The invention is a green technology, being particularly useful in effluent treatment systems and for the conservation or environmental recovery of liquid bodies.

Description

Field of Invention

[0001] The present invention lies in the fields of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. The invention provides equipment and a process for mass transfer comprising: an additive distribution system, an improved diffuser for the formation of thin liquid films, an inverted venturi tube or a combination thereof. The invention also discloses a process for environmental conservation or recovery of liquid bodies. In one embodiment, the equipment of the invention comprises an improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi tube in a single piece and floating in relation to the external casing, providing automatic adjustment to changes in liquid level in a liquid body. The invention provides several technical effects, including: reduction of pressure loss; increased energy efficiency, fluid dynamics and/or mobilization of organic loads; greater ease of assembly, maintenance and operation. The invention is a green technology, being particularly useful in effluent treatment systems and for the conservation or environmental recovery of liquid bodies.

Background of the Invention

[0002] Different equipment for mass transfer exists on the market and in the state of the art. Many of these are equipment for gas-liquid mass transfer, forced aeration. The present invention provides a process and equipment for mass transfer to liquids, without restriction to the fact that there is a gaseous phase.

[0003] There is a demand in the art for equipment and processes that provide an increase in the quantity or speed of mass transfer to liquids, that have high volumetric capacity, low energy consumption, and that are also for manufacturing, assembly, maintenance and/or or simple or facilitated operation, additionally providing additional process control instances. The present invention provides a solution to these and other technical problems.

[0004] The equipment currently available for moving liquids and/or mass transfer presents some technical difficulties, including: (i) they are not energy efficient; (ii) it is very difficult to control environmental conditions in large liquid bodies, with fluid dynamics being a factor that can greatly modify the profile and concentration of substances present in the liquid body; (iii) conventional systems normally do not have the capacity to adjust the amount of dissolved gases and/or the direction of liquid flow according to interest and/or normally require special installations and/or imply complex physical installation and/or difficult maintenance. These and other technical difficulties are overcome by the present invention.

[0005] Searches in the patent literature did not point to documents particularly relevant to the present invention. In this context, the present invention is related to some of the patents or co-pending patent applications of the same inventors. The antecedents cited in the aforementioned documents, as well as the patents or co-pending applications themselves, when applicable, constitute the closest state of the art to the present invention.

[0006] The concept of microbial consortium modulation by ex-situ enrichment, as well as useful equipment for this purpose, was disclosed in the green patent BR112016018887, of the present inventors, entitled “Equipment for Modulating Microbial Consortia for Environmental Applications, Subsystem Use Ex-situ for Modulation of Microbial Consortia and Process for Ex-situ Modulation of Microbial Consortia”. This patent focuses on a process in which microorganisms are enriched outside a main tank and subsequently fed, using generation systems and thin liquid films, microbubbles and/or shearing systems. The present invention provides an improvement on said concept, which is particularly useful for mass transfer in liquids with regard to improved mobilization of organic matter present in liquid bodies.

[0007] The green patent BR112017023185, of the present inventors, is entitled “Equipment and Process for Mass Dissolution of Gases in Liquids”. Said document discloses equipment that works through the formation of thin liquid films and the gas-liquid mass transfer promoted by said liquid films. The equipment additionally provides the movement of liquids over large distances based on the upward movement of bubbles inside them. In one embodiment, the equipment comprises means for changing the direction of water flow. Examples of application of said equipment include: the conservation and/or recovery of liquid bodies such as lagoons, rivers, lagoons, coves, mangroves and beaches; processes for conserving and/or improving the productivity of aquaculture systems; effluent treatment systems; and the fixation of gases such as CO2, among others. In one embodiment, said patent application discloses the use of an air bubbling system consisting of a metal profile perforated by laser and welded to the housing, to which a quick coupling is welded for connection with a hose that brings air from a blower or compressor. The present invention provides an improvement over said document.

[0008] The green patent BR 102019022947-0, of the present inventors, is entitled “DIFFUSER FOR GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME”. Said document discloses a diffuser for gas-liquid mass transfer comprising a plurality of pyramidal stem cells and: a set of solid, thin and rectangular flat walls; and a set of flat, thin and trapezoidal walls, provided with linear hollow areas at an angle to each other, each wall being pierced in said hollow areas of the walls. Said diffuser is improved, providing advantages both in the formation of thin liquid films in different conditions, and in their use and manufacturing on large scales. It should not be confused with the present invention.

[0009] Patent application BR 102022021334-8, entitled “VENTURI TUBE, DIFFUSER, DEVICE, EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FOR LIQUID MOVEMENT AND/OR LARGE-SCALE GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER AND PROCESS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION OR RECOVERY OF LIQUID BODIES”, was published on 09May2023. Said document discloses a modified venturi tube and an improved diffuser, with helical-shaped cells. Said modified venturi and the improved diffuser are separate elements, and the use of both concomitantly is particularly useful in gas-liquid mass transfer equipment. The present invention provides improvements on the subject matter of said document.

[0010] From what can be seen from the researched literature, no documents were found anticipating or suggesting the teachings of the present invention which, in the eyes of the inventors, has novelty and inventive activity compared to the state of the art.

Summary of the Invention

[0011] The invention provides a process for improving mass transfer efficiency in liquids, including mass transfer in different states, such as liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and liquid-solid, as is the case when dissolved organic matter is mobilized in cells. The invention is particularly useful in effluent treatment systems, in aquaculture or CO2 capture systems, or in the conservation or recovery of liquid bodies such as rivers, lakes and lagoons.

[0012] In the invention, the process for transferring mass in the liquid is improved by: adding, to said liquid, an additive that provides improvement in the mobilization of organic matter present in the liquid; the concentric and axial direction of a downward flow of liquid to a deep region in a liquid body and/or the direction of an upward flow from a deep region of a liquid body to the surface; reducing pressure loss during liquid movement; improving energy efficiency in dissolving gases; improving fluid dynamic efficiency to move, mix and/or homogenize liquids, solids and/or cells or other cell types in said liquid; or combinations of said principles.

[0013] One of the objects of the invention is a process for mass transfer in a liquid comprising one or more steps among: - distributing to said liquid an additive selected from: microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types , nutrients, agents that promote the degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof; - form thin films of liquid with a diffuser comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, equipped with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and liquid thin film formation; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid; - injecting gas into said liquid using an inverted venturi comprising: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region in the lower position; or - a combination thereof.

[0014] Another object of the invention is equipment for improving the efficiency of mass transfer in liquids comprising one or more of: an additive distribution or delivery system; an improved diffuser for forming thin liquid films; an inverted venturi tube; or a combination thereof.

[0015] Said additive distribution or delivery system comprises a communicating duct with a downward liquid flow region, so that additive distribution is at least in part assisted by said flow. Said additives are selected from microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, agents that promote the degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof.

[0016] The improved diffuser, which is also one of the objects of the invention, comprises: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for passage rising of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid.

[0017] In one embodiment, said diffuser has a concentric tube with a diameter compatible with the volume of liquid that spills into it in a downward direction, being directed to the bottom of a tank or liquid body, that is, in the opposite direction. to the liquid rising through the outer region of said concentric tube and equipped with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top for the formation of thin liquid films.

[0018] In another embodiment, said diffuser has a concentric tube with a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated by it axially downwards and a length such that it provides the exit of the inflated gas in a region submerged in liquid and below the beginning of the cells equipped with decreasing cross-sectional areas, to provide the formation of bubbles that ascend, together with the liquid, through said cells.

[0019] In another embodiment, said diffuser comprises helical-shaped cells.

[0020] The inverted venturi tube, which is also one of the objects of the invention, comprises: - an external cylindrical tube; and, - a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, arranged axially within said external cylindrical tube and comprising: - a duct for blowing gas; - a conical region hollowed out in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and - a conical region in the lower position.

[0021] In an embodiment of the invention, said diffuser and said inverted venturi tube are connected axially, through connection between: (i) the concentric tube of the diffuser through which the gas is inflated axially downwards; and (ii) the internal duct of the upper conical region, for the passage of inflated gas to the central region of maximum diameter, comprising the plurality of perforations. In this embodiment, the gas inflated through the top of the diffuser exits through said homogeneously distributed perforations, producing bubbling with greater efficiency due to the lower height of the liquid column, greater mixing efficiency of the gas bubbles due to the inverted venturi geometry and better transfer efficiency. of gas-liquid mass in the diffuser.

[0022] In another embodiment, the axial connection between the diffuser and the inverted venturi tube is made by threading or another removable form of connection, providing flexibility in connecting different diffuser and/or inverted venturi dimensions, ease of maintenance or exchange of elements, among other technical advantages.

[0023] In another embodiment, the equipment of the invention comprises an improved diffuser assembly and single-piece inverted venturi tube, the equipment being provided with freedom of relative movement in the vertical direction between the single-piece diffuser/inverted venturi assembly (region internal) and the carcass (external region), providing multiple advantages. In the embodiment in which the one-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly is floating and the housing is fixed, the equipment provides automatic adjustment to changes in the liquid level in a liquid body. In another embodiment, in which the liquid level in the liquid body does not change, the single-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly is fixed and the casing is vertically adjustable, the equipment providing adjustment of the liquid entry depth level and/or or the height above the liquid line at which the gas injection point and the gas outlet point are positioned.

[0024] Another object of the invention is a process for the conservation or recovery of a liquid body comprising the operation, in said liquid, of equipment for transferring mass into liquids as defined above.

[0025] The invention is particularly useful in water aeration and in the mobilization of organic matter present in water, whether in effluent treatment systems or in the conservation or recovery of rivers, lakes and lagoons.

[0026] The invention is also useful for mass transfer between other gas-liquid pairs. One example is the fixation of CO2 through its large-scale dissolution in water, which is useful, for example, to optimize the cultivation of algae that consume CO2.

[0027] The invention is also useful for improving quality conditions, productivity and/or environmental efficiency of aquaculture processes, such as the cultivation of fish, shrimp, algae and other organisms cultivable in liquid media.

[0028] These and other objects of the invention will be immediately valued by those skilled in the art and by companies with interests in the segment, and will be described in sufficient detail for their reproduction, in the following description.

Brief Description of Figures

[0029] Figure 1 illustrates two embodiments of the mass transfer equipment of the present invention in use for aerating water with oxygen from the air, highlighting embodiments of a distribution or delivery system for additives. In A) equipment is shown that operates by insufflating gas (IN Air) in the region between the casing or external cylindrical duct and the perforated neck of an internal venturi (101), which causes the formation of homogeneously distributed gas bubbles inside the aforementioned bottleneck and its rise due to buoyancy. The rise of the bubbles causes the upward movement of the liquid inside the modified venturi, due to the gas lift/thrust effect (Water IN). The ascending mixture of air and water bubbles finds in the upper region a diffuser (102) equipped with cells of peculiar geometry, in which the cross-sectional area is gradually reduced from bottom to top. The mixture of bubbles and water forms thin films of liquid in the diffuser, through the top of which the exit gas (Air OUT) exits, which follows the path vertically and the water (Water OUT) exits through the sides of the vertical duct along to the waterline, because due to the upward movement within the duct, the water cannot return through it. A structure (103) is also shown to collect water that overflows at the diffuser outlet near the waterline. The structure 103 can be cylindrical or of another geometry, with the side walls having a height that exceeds the waterline by at least a few centimeters to contain the water (rich in dissolved oxygen) that overflows from the diffuser and to direct it entirely to the side duct (104) (Water OUT). A structure (105) is also shown for the introduction of an additive (Addition IN) selected from: microorganisms or other cell types; consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types; nutrients; agents that promote the degradation of organic loads; or combinations thereof. The structure (105) preferably comprises a duct extending below the waterline, to prevent ascending gases in the left duct from disturbing the descent of said additive in the downward flow of liquid in the right duct. In B) a similar embodiment is shown and with operation as described in A), but the presence of a liquid overflow tube (103) is evident on the right.

[0030] Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an improved diffuser (200) of the invention, being provided with: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells (201) with a cross section of decreasing area from bottom to top, for upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube (202) for downward passage of gas or liquid. In A) a top perspective photo of a diffuser (200) printed on a 3D printer is shown, showing the cells 201 (each with a smaller cross-sectional area than the bottom) arranged radially and the concentric duct or tube (202) . In B) a bottom perspective photo of the same diffuser is shown, showing the cells (201) (each with a larger cross-sectional area than the top ones) arranged radially and the concentric duct or tube (202) highlighted . In C) a schematic representation in bottom perspective of a ring (204) provided with perforations to provide bubbling is shown; in D) a bottom perspective photo of said diffuser is shown (as in B), and the position in which the ring with perforations is placed is also shown.

[0031] Figure 3 schematically illustrates an arrangement of an embodiment of equipment of the invention containing the diffuser of figure 2 and an external housing (300) consisting of a cylindrical tube, when the assembly is submerged in water. The insufflation of air in the indicated region causes it to bubble through the perforated ring (304), forming air bubbles in the water and, through the natural upward thrust of the air bubbles, causes the bubbles and water to rise through the cells of the improved diffuser, returning to the bottom through the concentric tube (302).

[0032] Figure 4 shows a schematic representation similar to that of figure 3, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention at the top, through a duct (405) with a diameter smaller than that of the concentric tube, being positioned in a region submerged and concentric to the concentric overflow duct of liquid rich in dissolved gas. The downward flow of liquid through the larger concentric tube assists the flow of additive through the respective tube.

[0033] Figure 5 shows photos of an embodiment of liquid gas mass transfer equipment of the invention comprising the improved diffuser of the invention in different assembly stages. In A) a photo is shown of an arrangement containing the diffuser of figure 2 fitted into a 100mm external cylindrical duct and a 50mm long cylindrical duct, being held by one of the inventors to demonstrate the size perspective. In B) a detail of the top of the arrangement is shown in which a 100mm knee was placed over the top of the diffuser, to direct the output gas and increase the height of the side walls of the assembly, to ensure that the already aerated water only extravasates. through the internal concentric duct. In C) a perspective photo of the background is shown, with details of the complete set, including: the 50mm long cylindrical duct; a cap at the bottom of the 100mm external duct; the side air inlet in Y (connection at an angle of 45 degrees) facing upwards in the 100mm external duct; the side water inlet in Y (connection at a 45 degree angle) facing downwards in the 100mm external duct; a 100mm knee on the top of the diffuser, to direct the output gas and increase the height of the side walls of the assembly, to ensure that the already aerated water only extravasates through the 50mm internal concentric duct.

[0034] Figure 6 shows photos of another embodiment of liquid gas mass transfer equipment of the invention comprising the improved diffuser of the invention. In A) a frontal photo is shown, with details of the complete set submerged in a large aquarium, including: the cylindrical duct for overflowing water rich in dissolved oxygen; a cap at the bottom of the external duct; a side Y-shaped air inlet (connection at a 45-degree angle) facing upwards in the external duct; the side water inlet in Y (45 degree angle connection) facing downwards in the external duct. In B) a perspective photo is shown from the water surface, with the equipment in operation by blowing air, the photo showing details of the thin films of liquid being formed on the surface (the upper structure was removed to highlight the thin films of liquid). liquid in the photo).

[0035] Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the diffuser equipped with a concentric tube, this with a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated through it axially downwards. In A) an embodiment is shown in which the length of the concentric tube (702) provides the exit of the inflated gas in a region submerged in liquid and below the beginning of the cells provided with decreasing cross-sectional areas, to provide the formation of bubbles that ascend, together with the liquid, through the aforementioned cells. In B) and C) two views are shown, front and top, respectively, of another embodiment in which the diffuser is provided with a concentric duct and comprises helical-shaped cells.

[0036] Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the diffuser of the invention, in which the concentric duct for the passage of air is intentionally obstructed for the placement of parts to improve fluid dynamic performance during the operation of the diffuser. In A) a schematic sectional view of the improved diffuser of the invention and the concentric duct is shown, showing recesses for fitting underneath and above, of the fluid dynamic flow directing structures shown in B), in this case two cones. In C) the assembled/fitted set is shown.

[0037] Figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment to that shown in figure 8. In A) a schematic sectional view of the improved diffuser of the invention and the concentric duct is shown, showing recesses provided with a threaded structure for threading from below and above, of the fluid dynamic flow directing structures shown in B), in this case two cones also equipped with threads in the respective regions. In C) the assembled and threaded assembly is shown. This embodiment also enables the evaluation and use of different fluid-dynamic flow directing structures and facilitates the assembly and/or replacement process.

[0038] Figure 10 shows some embodiments of the improved diffuser of the invention. In A) a top perspective view of a diffuser equipped with a concentric tube equipped with a thread is shown. In B) the same view as A) is shown, but in a transparent view to highlight: the geometry of the cells for the formation of thin liquid films, whose cross-sectional areas decrease from bottom to top; the concentric cylindrical tube; and the threads at the bottom and top. In C) a front view of the transparent view of B) is shown, showing in more detail the concentric cylindrical tube and the threads at the bottom and top. In D) a photo of a diffuser like the one shown in A-C is shown, printed with a 3D printer and with an external diameter of 40mm. In E) an exploded front view of the diffuser and upper and lower adapters for fluid dynamic improvement, equipped with a thread, is shown. In F an exploded top perspective view of the assembly of E is shown; In G) a front view of the assembled/threaded assembly is shown. In H) a photo is shown of a diffuser with an external diameter of 40mm, assembled with the upper and lower adapters for fluid dynamic improvement as shown in E-G, all printed with a 3D printer. In I) there is a perspective photo of the diffuser illustrated in D), the adapters for fluid dynamic improvement shown in F) and also two hollow ducts equipped with threads for screwing into the diffuser. In J) an exploded perspective view of the diffuser and hollow upper and lower ducts equipped with screw threads is shown. In K) there is a photo of a diffuser with an external diameter of 40mm, assembled with the upper and lower hollow ducts as shown in J), all printed with a 3D printer.

[0039] Figure 11 shows an embodiment of an inverted venturi tube of the invention. In A) a schematic representation is shown, in front view in vertical position, of a structure for bubbling gas in liquid (1100) comprising: a duct (1101) for blowing gas; a conical region (1102) hollow in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region (1103) internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region (1104) in the lower position. In B) a schematic representation is shown in front view in vertical position, of said structure (1100) for bubbling gas in liquid mounted on an external cylindrical tube (1105) completing the inverted venturi shown in operation. The structure (1100) for bubbling gas in liquid is arranged axially within the outer cylindrical tube (1105). When gas is insufflated through the duct (1101) it passes said central region of maximum diameter comprising the plurality of perforations and exits through said homogeneously distributed perforations, as shown by the arrows of air/gas flows in the respective regions.

[0040] Figure 12 shows, for ease of understanding, a comparison between A) the modified venturi tube described in patent application BR 102022021334-8 of the present inventors; and B) the inverted venturi tube of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 13 shows an embodiment of equipment for mass transfer in liquids comprising an inverted venturi tube used for moving liquids, without a diffuser. In A) equipment is shown comprising an external casing (1305) and an inverted venturi tube (1300), through which air is blown, which bubbles in the liquid that rises inside the casing due to buoyancy, spilling out through the side duct (1303) for the tube (1304) of downward flow of liquid through. In B) a schematic representation similar to that in A is shown, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid overflow duct, through a duct (1306) of smaller diameter than the downward flow tube, being positioned in a region submerged in liquid.

[0042] Figure 14 schematically illustrates (on the left) a gas-liquid mass transfer equipment containing concomitantly the improved diffuser of the invention and the inverted venturi tube of the invention, when the assembly is submerged in water. On the right in the details, configurations of the air supply duct threading system (top) and the inverted venturi tube (bottom) are shown in a situation similar to that illustrated in figure 9.

[0043] Figure 15 shows a schematic representation similar to that of figure 14, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid extravasation duct, through a small diameter duct positioned in a submerged region and within the duct. extravasation of liquid rich in dissolved gas.

[0044] Figure 16 schematically illustrates two equipment embodiments of the invention. In A) there is shown an equipment for gas-liquid mass transfer containing concomitantly the improved diffuser of the invention and an inverted venturi tube of the invention, when the assembly is submerged in water, in a configuration in which the liquid that passes through the diffuser is therefore rich in dissolved gas extravasates through the concentric tube to a deeper region of the liquid body. The insufflation of air in the indicated region provides its bubbling through the region containing the plurality of perforations in the inverted venturi, forming air bubbles in the water and, through the natural upward thrust of the air bubbles, causes the bubbles and water to rise through the cells of the improved diffuser. In B) a schematic representation similar to that in A) is shown, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid overflow duct, through a small diameter duct positioned in a submerged region and within the liquid overflow duct. liquid rich in dissolved gas.

[0045] Figure 17 schematically illustrates an embodiment of equipment of the invention in which the inverted venturi diffuser assembly is floating and automatically adjusts with the water/liquid level. In A) a schematic representation in front view section of the improved diffuser assembly (with concentric water overflow tube) and inverted venturi configured in the external surroundings of said overflow tube is shown; the upper arrow shows the gas injection point (Ar IN), which is ducted to the aforementioned inverted venturi and exits through the region of maximum diameter (Ar OUT); curved arrows show the point of liquid overflow when the complete assembly (not shown) is in operation; in B) a schematic representation of the top view of the assembly illustrated in A is shown), the upper arrow shows the gas injection point (Ar IN) and the curved arrow shows one of the liquid extravasation points when the assembly is complete ( not shown) is in operation; in C) a schematic representation in front view section of the improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi as illustrated in A) is shown, but in the complete assembly of equipment for transferring mass to liquids of the present invention in operation partially submerged in water, Also shown: the water line, the arrows for water inlet (water IN), water outlet (water OUT), air inlet (Air IN) and gas outlet (Air OUT). In D) the same structure is shown when the waterline level is lower, a situation in which the 100mm and 50mm ducts are in the same position, but the assembly illustrated in A) adjusts to the level of the waterline 'water.

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0046] The invention provides a process for improving the efficiency of mass transfer in liquids, being particularly useful in effluent treatment systems, in aquaculture or CO2 capture systems, or in the conservation or recovery of liquid bodies such as rivers, lagoons and lagoons. Some embodiments of equipment that implement said process are also described.

[0047] In the invention, the process for mass transfer in the liquid is improved by: adding, to said liquid, an additive that provides improvement in the mobilization of organic matter present in the liquid; the concentric and axial direction of a downward flow of liquid to a deep region in a liquid body and/or the direction of an upward flow from a deep region of a liquid body to the surface; reducing pressure loss during liquid movement; improving energy efficiency in dissolving gases; improving fluid dynamic efficiency to move, mix and/or homogenize liquids, solids and/or cells or other cell types in said liquid; or combinations of said principles.

[0048] One of the objects of the invention is a process for mass transfer in a liquid comprising one or more steps among: - distributing to said liquid an additive selected from: microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types , nutrients, agents that promote the degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof; - form thin films of liquid with a diffuser comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, equipped with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and liquid thin film formation; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid; - injecting gas into said liquid using an inverted venturi tube comprising: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region in the lower position; or - a combination thereof.

[0049] Another object of the invention is equipment for improving the efficiency of mass transfer in liquids comprising: an additive distribution or delivery system; an improved diffuser for forming thin liquid films; an inverted venturi tube; or a combination thereof.

[0050] Said additive distribution or delivery system comprises an additive reservoir and a communicating duct with a liquid downward flow region, so that additive distribution is at least in part assisted by said flow. Said additives are selected from microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, agents that promote the degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof.

[0051] The improved diffuser, which is also one of the objects of the invention, comprises: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for passage rising of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid.

[0052] In one embodiment, said diffuser has a concentric tube with a diameter compatible with the volume of liquid that spills into it in a downward direction, being directed to the bottom of a tank or a liquid body, that is, in the opposite direction to the liquid rising through the outer region of said concentric tube and equipped with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top for the formation of thin liquid films.

[0053] The expression “compatible diameter”, in the present invention, means a diameter calculated according to the flow rate of fluid flowing through the respective duct: in the case of an external duct in which there is an upward flow of liquid due to the gas lift effect and downward flow in the internal concentric duct, the external and internal diameters must be such that the cross-sectional area available for flow is equivalent, or that minimizes head losses or pressure changes arising from different cross-sectional areas available for flow. said fluid. This “compatible diameter” is applicable both to the case of concentric ducts, as illustrated in some of the embodiments of the invention, and to the case of vertical ducts positioned laterally in relation to each other, also exemplified in the present report.

[0054] This embodiment is particularly useful for directing the flow of liquid saturated with dissolved gas to deeper regions in the tank or liquid body in a more efficient, simple way and with advantages in maintenance and assembly, reducing the number of parts, reducing load loss and increasing energy efficiency.

[0055] In another embodiment, said diffuser has a concentric tube with a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated by it axially downwards and a length such that it provides the exit of the inflated gas in a region submerged in liquid and below the beginning of the cells provided with decreasing cross-sectional areas, to provide the formation of bubbles that ascend, together with the liquid, through said cells.

[0056] Similarly, the expression “compatible diameter”, in this case of the present invention, means a diameter calculated according to the flow rate of fluid flowing through the respective duct: in the case of a gas insufflation duct for bubbling in the liquid and thereby causing an upward flow of liquid due to the gas lift effect, the diameter of the inflation duct is preferably such that the cross-sectional area available for the flow is equivalent to the total area of the perforations that maintain contact with the liquid and where bubbles are formed , to minimize pressure losses or pressure changes arising from different cross-sectional areas available for the flow of said fluid.

[0057] In another embodiment, said diffuser comprises helical-shaped cells, which provide a greater equivalent length of cells forming thin liquid films, as described in patent application BR 102022021334-8, incorporated herein by reference. In this context, when the fins that form the diffuser cells are vertical, length and height are equal, but when the fins are helical, the length is greater than the height. As a result, this embodiment provides a lower liquid column height to be overcome by the blower, increasing energy efficiency and/or flow rate (for the same blower) or increasing mass transfer efficiency for the same total height and the same blower. .

[0058] The inverted venturi tube, which is also one of the objects of the invention, comprises: - an external cylindrical tube; and, - a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, arranged axially within said external cylindrical tube and comprising: - a duct for blowing gas; - a conical region hollowed out in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and - a conical region in the lower position.

[0059] In the inverted venturi of the invention, the gas is inflated axially to a region submerged in a liquid, to form gas bubbles in the liquid and provide liquid flow in the direction of the rise of the gas bubbles.

[0060] In said embodiment, the modified venturi is referred to as “inverted” because in a classic venturi tube, in which the liquid passes inside, the minimum diameter is where the gas enters and mixes with the liquid, while In the present invention, the aforementioned inverted venturi, the gas passage occurs inside the device and the mixing point of the gas with the liquid is the maximum diameter. However, as said inverted venturi is positioned within an external cylindrical tube, from the perspective of the liquid is present within said cylindrical tube and outside the inverted venturi, the equivalent diameter at the gas exit point is the minimum. Therefore, the venturi effect is produced in an inverted and advantageous way in the present invention, providing the Bernoulli effect of reducing pressure in the bubbling region and thus increasing the energy efficiency of gas insufflation. The inverted venturi geometry also provides an advantage in the mixing (or mixing) of gas bubbles in the liquid during ascension to the diffuser cells, providing increased mass transfer efficiency

[0061] The venturi tube is said to be “inverted” because the region containing perforations for the passage of gas is the one with the largest diameter (unlike conventional venturis, in which this occurs in the region with the smallest diameter). This is because said inverted venturi is positioned inside another external cylindrical tube, with a larger diameter: the interior of said external cylindrical tube suffers a cross-sectional area restriction at the point where the inverted venturi tube begins, otherwise the maximum restriction coincides with the maximum diameter of said inverted venturi. A liquid being directed inside the external cylindrical tube has a pressure given by the diameter of said tube, said pressure being modified as the cross-sectional area decreases due to the beginning of the inverted venturi cone. At the point with the largest diameter of the inverted venturi, the pressure is minimal, making it a suitable point for perforations that allow gas to pass through the concentric duct and form bubbles with a diameter proportional to the size of the perforations.

[0062] In an embodiment of the invention, said diffuser and said inverted venturi tube are connected axially, through connection between: (i) the concentric tube of the diffuser through which the gas is inflated axially downwards; and (ii) the internal duct of the upper conical region, for the passage of inflated gas to the central region of maximum diameter, comprising the plurality of perforations. In this embodiment, the gas inflated through the top of the diffuser exits through said homogeneously distributed perforations, producing bubbling with greater efficiency due to the lower height of the liquid column, greater mixing efficiency of the gas bubbles due to the inverted venturi geometry and better transfer efficiency. of gas-liquid mass in the diffuser.

[0063] In another embodiment, the axial connection between the diffuser and the inverted venturi tube is made by threading or another removable form of connection, providing flexibility in connecting different diffuser and/or inverted venturi dimensions, ease of maintenance or exchange of elements, among other technical advantages.

[0064] The invention is particularly useful in water aeration and in the mobilization of organic matter present in water, whether in effluent treatment systems or in the conservation or recovery of rivers, lakes and lagoons.

[0065] The invention is also useful for mass transfer between other gas-liquid pairs. One example is the fixation of CO2 through its large-scale dissolution in water, which is useful, for example, to optimize the cultivation of algae that consume CO2.

[0066] The invention is also useful for improving quality conditions, productivity and/or environmental efficiency of aquaculture processes, such as the cultivation of fish, shrimp, algae and other organisms cultivable in liquid media.

[0067] The invention is also defined by the following objects/clauses:

[0068] Process for mass transfer in a liquid comprising one or more steps from: - distributing to said liquid an additive selected from: microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, degradation promoting agents of organic fillers, or combinations thereof; - the formation of thin films of liquid with a diffuser comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid; - injecting gas into said liquid using an inverted venturi tube comprising: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region in the lower position; or - a combination thereof.

[0069] Equipment for transferring mass into liquids comprising one or more of: a distribution or delivery system for additives to the liquid; an improved diffuser for forming thin liquid films; an inverted venturi tube for blowing gas into said liquid; or a combination thereof.

[0070] Equipment as described above in which said additive distribution or delivery system comprises a communicating duct with a downward liquid flow region, the additive distribution being at least in part assisted by said flow.

[0071] Equipment as described above in which said additive is selected from: microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, agents that promote degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof.

[0072] Equipment as described above in which said diffuser for the formation of thin liquid films comprises: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to bottom top, for upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid.

[0073] Equipment as described above in which the injection of gas into said liquid uses an inverted venturi tube comprising: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region at the bottom position.

[0074] Diffuser for the formation of thin liquid films comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, equipped with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid.

[0075] Diffuser as described above in which said concentric tube has a diameter compatible with the volume of liquid that overflows into it in a downward direction and a length such that it provides the exit of the liquid below the beginning of the cells with decreasing cross-sectional areas .

[0076] Diffuser as described above in which said concentric tube has a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated by it axially downwards and a length such that it provides the exit of the inflated gas below the beginning of the cells with decreasing cross-sectional areas.

[0077] Diffuser as described above in which the cells forming a thin liquid film have a helical shape.

[0078] Inverted venturi tube comprising: - an external cylindrical tube; and, - a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, arranged axially within said external cylindrical tube and comprising: - a duct for blowing gas; - a conical region hollowed out in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and - a conical region in the lower position.

[0079] Equipment as described above concomitantly comprising: the diffuser as defined above; and the inverted venturi tube as above.

[0080] Equipment as described above, comprising an improved diffuser assembly and one-piece inverted venturi tube, the equipment being provided with freedom of relative movement in the vertical direction between the one-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly (internal region) and the carcass (external region).

[0081] Process for the conservation or recovery of a liquid body comprising the operation, in said liquid, of equipment for transferring mass into liquids as defined above.

[0082] The examples shown below are intended only to exemplify some of the ways of implementing the invention without, however, limiting its scope.

[0083] Example 1 - Bioespresso Equipment - combination of a liquid movement system and an additive delivery system, for the environmental conservation of liquid bodies

[0084] The combination of the concepts of a large-scale liquid movement system with an additive distribution or delivery system gave rise to the so-called Bioespresso, one of the objects of this implementation of the patent application.

[0085] In this embodiment, the equipment resembles that described in the co-pending patent application BR102021021239-0 of the present inventors, incorporated herein by reference, and additionally comprises a structure for the introduction of an additive (Addition IN) selected from among : microorganisms; consortium combinations of microorganisms; nutrients; agents that promote the degradation of organic loads; or combinations thereof. Said structure preferably comprises a duct extending below the waterline, to prevent ascending gases in the left duct from disturbing the descent of said additive in the downward flow of liquid in the right duct.

[0086] It should be noted that in the duct where water rich in dissolved oxygen exits there is a substantial flow, which helps in mixing the additive with the water and, depending on the flow and diameters, can act as suction of the additive to the line itself.

[0087] This embodiment is described in conjunction with figure 1, which illustrates two configurations A) and B). In A) equipment is shown that operates by insufflating gas (IN Air) in the region between the external cylindrical duct and the perforated neck of an internal venturi (101), which causes the formation of gas bubbles homogeneously distributed inside of said bottleneck and its rise due to buoyancy. The rise of the bubbles causes the upward movement of the liquid inside the modified venturi, due to the gas lift/thrust effect (Water IN). The ascending mixture of air and water bubbles finds in the upper region a diffuser (102) equipped with cells of peculiar geometry, in which the cross-sectional area is gradually reduced from bottom to top. The mixture of bubbles and water is then subtly compressed due to the space that is gradually reduced in the vertical direction within said diffuser, so that the air bubbles coalesce and form water bubbles (i.e. thin films of liquid are formed) in its interior. When the liquid thin films reach the top of said diffuser, the liquid thin film bubbles collapse due to the minimum area limit of each diffuser cell and the water thickness in the operating regime. The exit gas (Air OUT) follows the vertical path and the water (Water OUT) leaves the sides of the vertical duct next to the water line, as due to the upward movement inside the duct the water cannot return through it. . A structure (103) is also shown to collect water that overflows at the diffuser outlet near the waterline. The structure 103 can be cylindrical or of another geometry, with the side walls having a height that exceeds the waterline by at least a few centimeters to contain the water (rich in dissolved oxygen) that overflows from the diffuser and to direct it entirely to the side duct (104) (Water OUT). This arrangement provides the formation of a hydraulic siphon during operation, primarily by air insufflation (Air In) as illustrated, and the distances/lengths or depths of the Water IN or Water OUT ducts are chosen according to the desired operation. A structure (105) is also shown for the introduction of an additive (Addition IN) selected from: microorganisms or other cell types; consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types; nutrients; agents that promote the degradation of organic loads; or combinations thereof. The structure (105) preferably comprises a duct extending below the waterline, to prevent ascending gases in the left duct from disturbing the descent of said additive in the downward flow of liquid in the right duct. The Water IN and Water OUT pipelines can be routed according to choice, the distances/lengths or depths of the Water IN or Water OUT pipelines being chosen according to the desired operation. In B) a similar embodiment is shown and with operation as described in A), but the presence of a liquid overflow tube (103) is evident on the right.

[0088] Example 2 - Improved diffuser - and equipment for mass transfer with overflow of water rich in dissolved O2 through a concentric duct.

[0089] The present example is illustrated with different embodiments, as shown in figures 2 and 3, 5 and 6.

[0090] Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an improved diffuser (200) of the invention, being provided with: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells (201) with a cross section of decreasing area from bottom to top, for upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube (202) for downward passage of gas or liquid. In A) a top perspective photo of a diffuser (200) printed on a 3D printer is shown, showing the cells 201 (each with a smaller cross-sectional area than the bottom) arranged radially and the concentric duct or tube (202) . In B) a bottom perspective photo of the same diffuser is shown, showing the cells (201) (each with a larger cross-sectional area than the top ones) arranged radially and the concentric duct or tube (202) highlighted . In C) a schematic representation in bottom perspective of a ring (204) provided with perforations to provide bubbling is shown; in D) a bottom perspective photo of said diffuser is shown (as in B), and the position in which the ring with perforations is placed is also shown.

[0091] Figure 3 schematically illustrates an arrangement of an embodiment of equipment of the invention containing the diffuser of figure 2 and an external housing (300) consisting of a cylindrical tube, when the assembly is submerged in water. The insufflation of air in the indicated region causes it to bubble through the perforated ring (304), forming air bubbles in the water and, through the natural upward thrust of the air bubbles, causes the bubbles and water to rise through the cells of the improved diffuser, returning to the bottom through the concentric tube (302). This embodiment is particularly useful for directing the flow of liquid saturated with dissolved gas to deeper regions in a tank or liquid body in a more efficient, simple way and with advantages in maintenance and assembly, reducing the number of parts, reducing loss load and increasing energy efficiency.

[0092] Figure 5 shows photos of an embodiment of liquid gas mass transfer equipment of the invention comprising the improved diffuser of the invention in different assembly stages. In A) a photo is shown of an arrangement containing the diffuser of figure 2 fitted into a 100mm external cylindrical duct and a 50mm long cylindrical duct, being held by one of the inventors to demonstrate the size perspective. In B) a detail of the top of the arrangement is shown in which a 100mm knee was placed over the top of the diffuser, to direct the output gas and increase the height of the side walls of the assembly, to ensure that the already aerated water only extravasates. through the internal concentric duct. In C) a perspective photo of the background is shown, with details of the complete set, including: the 50mm long cylindrical duct; a cap at the bottom of the 100mm external duct; the side air inlet in Y (connection at a 45 degree angle) facing upwards in the 100mm external duct; the side water inlet in Y (connection at a 45 degree angle) facing downwards in the 100mm external duct; a 100mm knee on the top of the diffuser, to direct the output gas and increase the height of the side walls of the assembly, to ensure that the already aerated water only extravasates through the 50mm internal concentric duct. This embodiment is particularly useful for use in shallow lagoons with organic sludge, as is the case of Lagoa de Piratininga (Niterói/RJ), as the 50mm long duct serves at the same time to direct water rich in dissolved oxygen to the bottom of the lagoon; and serves as support for the assembly by inserting the duct directly into the mud, thus eliminating the use of floats. In an alternative embodiment, said 50mm long duct is additionally provided with one or more T-shaped outlets, for choosing the outlet point or points for water rich in dissolved oxygen.

[0093] Figure 6 shows photos of another embodiment of liquid gas mass transfer equipment of the invention comprising the improved diffuser of the invention. In A) a frontal photo is shown, with details of the complete set submerged in a large aquarium, including: the cylindrical duct for overflowing water rich in dissolved oxygen; a cap at the bottom of the external duct; a side Y-shaped air inlet (connection at a 45-degree angle) facing upwards in the external duct; the side water inlet in Y (45 degree angle connection) facing downwards in the external duct. In B) a perspective photo is shown from the water surface, with the equipment in operation by blowing air, the photo showing details of the thin films of liquid being formed on the surface (the upper structure was removed to highlight the thin films of liquid). liquid in the photo).

[0094] Example 3 - Bioespresso with improved Diffuser - flow of additives and dissolved O2-rich water through concentric duct

[0095] The present example is illustrated with an embodiment illustrated together with figure 4.

[0096] Figure 4 shows a schematic representation similar to that of figure 3, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention at the top, through a duct (405) with a diameter smaller than that of the concentric tube, being positioned in a region submerged and concentric to the concentric overflow duct of liquid rich in dissolved gas. The downward flow of liquid through the larger concentric tube assists the flow of additive through the respective tube.

[0097] Example 4 - Improved diffuser - equipped with a concentric duct for air supply and/or for fixing fluid dynamic improvement structures

[0098] The present example is illustrated with different embodiments, as shown in figures 7, 8, 9 and 10.

[0099] Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the diffuser equipped with a concentric tube, this with a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated through it axially downwards. In A) an embodiment is shown in which the length of the concentric tube (702) provides the exit of the inflated gas in a region submerged in liquid and below the beginning of the cells provided with decreasing cross-sectional areas, to provide the formation of bubbles that ascend, together with the liquid, through the aforementioned cells. In B) and C) two views are shown, front and top, respectively, of another embodiment in which the diffuser is provided with a concentric duct and comprises helical-shaped cells.

[0100] Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the diffuser of the invention in which the concentric duct for the passage of air is intentionally obstructed for the placement of parts to improve fluid dynamic performance during the operation of the diffuser. In A) a schematic sectional view of the improved diffuser of the invention and the concentric duct is shown, showing recesses for fitting underneath and above, of the fluid dynamic flow directing structures shown in B), in this case two cones. In C) the assembled/fitted set is shown. This implementation makes it possible to evaluate and use different fluid dynamic flow directing structures.

[0101] Figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment to that shown in figure 8. In A) a schematic sectional view of the improved diffuser of the invention and the concentric duct is shown, showing recesses provided with a threaded structure for threading from below and above, of the fluid dynamic flow directing structures shown in B), in this case two cones also equipped with threads in the respective regions. In C) the assembled and threaded assembly is shown. This embodiment also enables the evaluation and use of different fluid-dynamic flow directing structures and facilitates the assembly and/or replacement process.

[0102] Figure 10 shows some embodiments of the improved diffuser of the invention. In A) a top perspective view of a diffuser equipped with a concentric tube equipped with a thread is shown. In B) the same view as A) is shown, but in a transparent view to highlight: the geometry of the cells for the formation of thin liquid films, whose cross-sectional areas decrease from bottom to top; the concentric cylindrical tube; and the threads at the bottom and top. In C) a front view of the transparent view of B) is shown, showing in more detail the concentric cylindrical tube and the threads at the bottom and top. In D) a photo of a diffuser like the one shown in A-C is shown, printed with a 3D printer and with an external diameter of 40mm. In E) an exploded front view of the diffuser and upper and lower adapters for fluid dynamic improvement, equipped with a thread, is shown. In F an exploded top perspective view of the assembly of E is shown; In G) a front view of the assembled/threaded assembly is shown. In H) a photo is shown of a diffuser with an external diameter of 40mm, assembled with the upper and lower adapters for fluid dynamic improvement as shown in E-G, all printed with a 3D printer. In I) there is a perspective photo of the diffuser illustrated in D), the adapters for fluid dynamic improvement shown in F) and also two hollow ducts equipped with threads for screwing into the diffuser. In J) an exploded perspective view of the diffuser and hollow upper and lower ducts equipped with screw threads is shown. In K) there is a photo of a diffuser with an external diameter of 40mm, assembled with the upper and lower hollow ducts as shown in J), all printed with a 3D printer.

[0103] Example 5 - Inverted Venturi Tube - and mass transfer equipment comprising the same

[0104] The present example is illustrated with different embodiments, as shown in figures 11-14.

[0105] Figure 11 shows an embodiment of an inverted venturi tube of the invention. In A) a schematic representation is shown, in front view in vertical position, of a structure for bubbling gas in liquid (1100) comprising: a duct (1101) for blowing gas; a conical region (1102) hollow in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region (1103) internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region (1104) in the lower position. In B) a schematic representation is shown in front view in vertical position, of said structure (1100) for bubbling gas in liquid mounted on an external cylindrical tube (1105) completing the inverted venturi shown in operation. The structure (1100) for bubbling gas in liquid is arranged axially within the outer cylindrical tube (1105). When gas is insufflated through the duct (1101) it passes said central region of maximum diameter comprising the plurality of perforations and exits through said homogeneously distributed perforations, as shown by the arrows of air/gas flows in the respective regions.

[0106] Figure 12 shows, for ease of understanding, a comparison between A) the modified venturi tube described in the co-pending patent application BR 102022021334-8 of the present inventors; and B) the inverted venturi tube of the present invention. The figures show that the venturi effect is provided in both cases, but in the present invention the following technical effects are provided: in the present invention the air injection takes place from the top, eliminating the use of holes on the side of the external duct; the arrangement of the present invention provides adjustment of the vertical position of the gas/air inflation point, whereas in the previous patent application (as shown in A) the gas inflation point is fixed; In the present invention the venturi can be connected to the diffuser, as illustrated in figures 14 and 15.

[0107] Figure 13 shows an embodiment of equipment for mass transfer in liquids comprising an inverted venturi tube used for moving liquids, without a diffuser. In A) equipment is shown comprising an external casing (1305) and an inverted venturi tube (1300), through which air is blown which bubbles in the liquid, and which then rises inside the casing due to buoyancy; the liquid overflows through the side duct (1303) into the downward liquid flow tube (1304). In B) a schematic representation similar to that in A is shown, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid overflow duct, through a duct (1306) of smaller diameter than the downward flow tube, being positioned in a region submerged in liquid. The downward flow of liquid through the side overflow tube assists the flow of additive through the respective tube.

[0108] Example 6 - Equipment for mass transfer comprising the improved diffuser and the inverted venturi tube

[0109] The present example contemplates some embodiments, described together with figures 14 and 16A.

[0110] Figure 14 schematically illustrates (on the left) a gas-liquid mass transfer equipment containing concomitantly the improved diffuser of the invention and the inverted venturi tube of the invention, when the assembly is submerged in water. On the right in the details, configurations of the threading system for the air supply duct (top) and the inverted venturi tube (bottom) are shown in a situation similar to that illustrated in figure 9. The air supply in the indicated region provides its bubbling through region containing the plurality of perforations in the inverted venturi, forming air bubbles in the water and, through the natural upward thrust of the air bubbles, causing the bubbles and water to rise through the cells of the improved diffuser. In this embodiment, the concentric tube of the diffuser has a diameter compatible with the volume of air blown through both the improved diffuser and the inverted venturi. This embodiment is particularly useful for reducing the height of the liquid column to be overcome by air supply, improving energy efficiency and providing improved flow direction of liquid saturated with dissolved gas to deeper regions in a tank or liquid body. . The fact that the diffuser and the inverted venturi tube are combined in a single structure provides easy adjustment of the air/gas insufflation height. In one embodiment, the diffuser assembly and the inverted venturi tube is connected to a flotation system, enabling said assembly to float independently of the external cylindrical duct, that is, the flotation system can be smaller and simpler than a necessary flotation system for the entire set. This embodiment provides advantages in the operation of gas-liquid mass transfer systems in ponds and liquid bodies whose level changes periodically. Therefore, technical advantages are provided in terms of simplicity in maintenance, assembly, reduction in the number of parts and cost.

[0111] Figure 16A schematically illustrates an embodiment of equipment of the invention in which a mass transfer equipment containing concomitantly the improved diffuser of the invention and inverted venturi tube of the invention is shown, when the assembly is submerged in water, in configuration in the which liquid passes through the diffuser and is therefore rich in dissolved gas and extravasates through the concentric tube to a deeper region of the liquid body. The manufacturing of the diffuser assembly, concentric overflow tube and inverted venturi is conveniently done by 3D printing, which makes the concept viable and maintains the functionality and operability of all parts, reducing connections and tightness problems. However, it can also be manufactured with other approaches and materials.

[0112] In this embodiment, the gas is air, being inflated from the top as indicated, with a connection to the inverted venturi tube that is configured around and outside the liquid overflow duct. The insufflation of air in the indicated region provides its bubbling through the region containing the plurality of perforations in the inverted venturi, forming air bubbles in the water and, through the natural upward thrust of the air bubbles, causes the bubbles and water to rise through the cells of the improved diffuser. In this embodiment, the concentric tube of the diffuser has a diameter compatible with the volume of liquid that extravasates through its interior and the air supply tube has a diameter compatible with the volume of air supplied through both the improved diffuser and the inverted venturi. This embodiment is particularly useful for reducing the height of the liquid column to be overcome by air supply, improving energy efficiency and providing improved flow direction of liquid saturated with dissolved gas to deeper regions in a tank or liquid body. . The fact that the diffuser and the inverted venturi tube are combined in a single structure provides easy adjustment of the air/gas insufflation height. In one embodiment, the diffuser assembly and the inverted venturi tube is connected to a flotation system, enabling said assembly to float independently of the external cylindrical duct, that is, the flotation system can be smaller and simpler than a necessary flotation system for the entire set. In addition to the advantages already mentioned in the configuration of figure 14, this embodiment also provides a reduction in the use of ducts and the benefits highlighted in the configuration of figure 5.

[0113] Example 7 - Mass transfer equipment comprising the improved Diffuser, the inverted Venturi Tube and the Bioespresso

[0114] The present example contemplates some embodiments described together with figures 15 and 16B.

[0115] Figure 15 shows a schematic representation similar to that of Figure 14, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid extravasation duct, through a small diameter duct positioned in a submerged region and within the duct. extravasation of liquid rich in dissolved gas. The downward flow of liquid through the overflow tube assists the flow of additive through the respective tube.

[0116] Figure 16B shows a schematic representation similar to that of the embodiment of Figure 16A, but additionally comprising the additive distribution system of the invention in the lateral liquid extravasation duct, through a small diameter duct positioned in a submerged region and within of the liquid overflow duct rich in dissolved gas. The downward flow of liquid through the overflow tube assists the flow of additive through the respective tube.

[0117] Example 8 - Mass transfer equipment provided with freedom of relative movement in the vertical direction between the single-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly (internal region) and the housing (external region)

[0118] The freedom of relative movement in the vertical direction between the single-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly (internal region) and the housing (external region) provides several advantages, and can be achieved in at least two ways.

[0119] In the embodiment shown in figure 17, an improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi tube in a single piece and floating in relation to the external (fixed) casing, automatically adjusting with the water/liquid level. In this embodiment, the diffuser assembly and the inverted venturi tube float due to their density and/or the action of the upward thrust of the air bubbles, making it possible for said assembly to float independently of the external cylindrical duct, i.e., it is not necessary an independent flotation system. This embodiment provides even more advantages in the operation of gas-liquid mass transfer systems in ponds and liquid bodies whose level changes periodically. Those versed in the subject will know that weight/density adjustments of the material of the floating assembly, according to the flow rate of the injected gas and/or the density of the liquid, are conveniently made with the use of parts with a higher density, such as parts metallic. This embodiment provides technical advantages of simple operation, maintenance, assembly, reduction in the number of parts and cost.

[0120] Figure 17 shows: in A) a schematic representation in front view of the improved diffuser assembly (with concentric water overflow tube) and inverted venturi configured in the external surroundings of said overflow tube; the upper arrow shows the gas injection point (Ar IN), which is ducted to the aforementioned inverted venturi and exits through the region of maximum diameter (Ar OUT); curved arrows show the point of liquid overflow when the complete assembly (not shown) is in operation; in B) a schematic representation of the top view of the assembly illustrated in A is shown), the upper arrow shows the gas injection point (Ar IN) and the curved arrow shows one of the liquid extravasation points when the assembly is complete ( not shown) is in operation; in C) a schematic representation in front view section of the improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi as illustrated in A) is shown, but in the complete assembly of equipment for transferring mass to liquids of the present invention in operation partially submerged in water, Also shown: the water line, the arrows for water inlet (water IN), water outlet (water OUT), air inlet (Air IN) and gas outlet (Air OUT). The upper cylindrical parts of the diffuser and lower parts of the water overflow duct are juxtaposed to the cylindrical regions (i) of the upper casing (in this case a 100mm diameter PVC tube as illustrated in figure 5); and (ii) a 50mm PVC duct passed through a cap placed at the bottom of the 100mm duct referred to above. Said juxtaposition has sufficient clearance to allow vertical movement between the part illustrated in A) and the housing referred to above. In D) the same structure is shown as that illustrated in C), but when the waterline level is lower, a situation in which the 100mm and 50mm ducts remain in the same position as they are fixed to the bottom of a pond , but the assembly illustrated in A) adjusts to the waterline level. In this embodiment, the connection between the air injection point at the top of the internal assembly illustrated in A) and the air duct that passes through a cap at the top of the 100mm cylindrical duct, through which the air is injected, is made by a conduit flexible (not shown), such as a helical-shaped duct to adjust to vertical movement without compromising the freedom of vertical movement of the assembly illustrated in A).

[0121] This embodiment of equipment provides other advantages. The fact that the external region or casing of the mass transfer equipment is fixed, such as on the side of a tank or the bottom of a pond (set in sand, silt, etc.) simplifies installation and operation, as it is no longer necessary a floating structure for the whole. Furthermore, the fact that the internal region has freedom of movement in the vertical direction provides advantages in operation: (i) automatic adjustment of the position of the inverted diffuser/venturi assembly, avoiding interruptions in operation when the liquid level changes in the tank or lagoon; (ii) optimization of the operation, since in the prior art system changes in the height of the liquid column affect the efficiency of the assembly due to the greater or lesser liquid column to be overcome by the blower and the fluctuation of the diffuser/inverted venturi assembly keeps the liquid column fixed, without the need for the use of floats external to the assembly; (iii) greater freedom in sizing blowers that operate in a fixed liquid column condition; (iv) reduction in the height of the liquid column to be overcome by the blower, due to the compact assembly, increasing energy efficiency.

[0122] In another embodiment, in which the liquid level in the liquid body does not change, the single-piece inverted diffuser/venturi assembly is fixed and the casing is vertically adjustable, the equipment providing adjustment of the inlet depth level. liquid and/or the height above the liquid line at which the gas injection point and the gas outlet point are positioned.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will know that a similar embodiment, but also equipped with an additive distribution system, can also be assembled in the present example in a similar way to that illustrated in figure 15B, among others.

[0124] The applicant, when filing this patent application with the competent/guarantor body, seeks and intends to: (i) name the inventors with respect for their respective moral rights; (ii) unequivocally indicate that it is the holder of the industrial secret and the holder of any form of intellectual property that derives from it and that the depositor desires; (iii) describe in detail the content covered by the secret, proving its existence on a physical and legal level; (iv) establish the relationship between the examples/embodiments and the inventive concept according to the applicant's cognition and its context, to clearly demonstrate the scope of its protected and/or guardianable intangible asset; (v) request and obtain additional rights provided for patents, if the applicant chooses to continue with the administrative procedure until the end.

[0125] The future publication of the patent application does not, in itself, constitute authorization of commercial use by third parties. Even if the content becomes part of the physical world accessible to third parties, the publication of the patent application under the terms of the law does not eliminate the legal status of secret, serving only the spirit of the Law to: (i) unequivocally indicate its possessor/ holder and inventor(s); (ii) inform third parties regarding the existence of the aforementioned industrial secret, the content for which patent protection is required and the date of its deposit, from which the patent exclusivity period will begin; and (iii) assist in the technological and economic development of the country, based on the authorization of the use of the secret solely and exceptionally for the purposes of studies and/or development of new improvements, thus avoiding parallel reinvestment by third parties in the development of the same asset.

[0126] It should be noted that any commercial use requires authorization from the owner/holder and that unauthorized use entails sanctions provided for by law. In this context, given the extensive detail in which the concept and examples were revealed by the depositor, Those skilled in the art will be able, without much effort, to consider other ways of implementing the present invention in ways not identical to those merely exemplified above. However, such forms are or may be considered to be within the scope of one or more of the attached claims.

Claims (14)

1. Process for mass transfer in a liquid characterized by comprising one or more steps among: - distributing to said liquid an additive selected from: microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, growth-promoting agents degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof; - the formation of thin films of liquid with a diffuser comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid; - injecting gas into said liquid using an inverted venturi tube comprising: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region in the lower position; or - a combination thereof. 2. Equipment for transferring mass into liquids characterized by comprising one or more of: a distribution or delivery system for additives to the liquid; an improved diffuser for forming thin liquid films; an inverted venturi tube for blowing gas into said liquid; or a combination thereof. 3. Equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that said additive distribution or delivery system comprises a communicating duct with a downward liquid flow region, the additive distribution being at least in part assisted by said flow. 4. Equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that said additives are selected from microorganisms or other cell types, consortium combinations of microorganisms or other cell types, nutrients, agents that promote degradation of organic loads, or combinations thereof. 5. Equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that said diffuser for forming thin liquid films comprises: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross section of decreasing area from bottom to top, for upward passage of a mixture of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid. 6. Equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that said inverted venturi tube comprises: an external cylindrical tube; and a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, axially disposed within said external cylindrical tube and comprising a duct for blowing gas; a hollow conical region in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and a conical region at the bottom position. 7. Diffuser for the formation of thin liquid films characterized by comprising: (i) a cylindrical region, to be positioned vertically submerged in a liquid, provided with cells with a cross-sectional area decreasing from bottom to top, for the upward passage of a mixing of gas and liquid and formation of thin liquid films; and (ii) a concentric tube for the downward passage of gas or liquid. 8. Diffuser according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that said concentric tube has a diameter compatible with the volume of liquid that overflows into it in a downward direction and a length such that it provides the exit of the liquid below the beginning of the cells provided of decreasing cross-sectional areas. 9. Diffuser according to claim 7 characterized by the fact that said concentric tube has a diameter compatible with the volume of gas inflated by it axially downwards and a length such that it provides the exit of the inflated gas below the beginning of the cells provided with decreasing cross-sectional areas. 10. Diffuser according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the thin liquid film-forming cells have a helical shape. 11. Inverted venturi tube characterized by comprising: - an external cylindrical tube; and, - a structure for bubbling gas in liquid, arranged axially within said external cylindrical tube and comprising: - a duct for blowing gas; - a conical region hollowed out in the center for the passage of the inflated gas; a central region internally comprising a hollow area for the passage of the inflated gas and a plurality of perforations for the passage of gas, homogeneously distributed on the periphery of the region of maximum diameter; and - a conical region in the lower position. 12. Equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that it concomitantly comprises: the diffuser as defined in claim 7; and the inverted venturi tube as defined in claim 11. 13. Equipment according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises an improved diffuser assembly and inverted venturi tube in a single piece and with freedom of vertical movement in relation to the external casing. 14. Process for conserving or recovering a liquid body characterized by operating in said liquid an equipment for transferring mass into liquids as defined in claim 2.