BR102021013231A2 - PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator, belonging to the field of application of medical and hospital equipment and equipment, intended for ventilatory support for patients suffering from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and/or who are not in a position to carry out natural breathing. , patients with respiratory syndromes and insufficiency in general, use as a backup in ICU's or other typical intensive care environments, as well as for short and long-term pulmonary ventilation, and whose basic operating mechanism is formed by logical pneumatic cells (inflation valves). flow control, cycling time and pressures / "PEEP" - Positive End Expiratory Pressure), basically acting through the flow of medical oxygen (O2), and having the ventilatory modes of "Mandatory Controlled Ventilation" - “CMV” - (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) or “Pressure Controlled Ventilation” - “PCV” - (Pressure Control Ventilation) lation), and “Continuous Positive Airway Pressure” - “CPAP” - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure).

Description

PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR

[001] This patent application refers to a pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator, belonging to the field of application of medical and hospital equipment and equipment, which may be widely used by health professionals specializing in ventilatory physiotherapy, intensive care, anesthesiology and/or pulmonology, and other similar specialties, for use in hospitals, medical clinics, medical-assistance environments and the like equipped with ICUs, emergency units, etc., in transporting patients whether by land or air, in addition to intra / inter-hospital, among other similar situations and/or places where life-sustaining procedures are commonly performed.

[002] More precisely, the aforementioned lung ventilator is an equipment idealized, designed and developed for ventilatory support of adult and pediatric patients suffering from hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, and who are not in a position to perform natural breathing, that is , which depend on a device to support and/or control the respiratory function, and which can also be maintained under controlled mandatory ventilation, whose basic operating mechanism is formed by logical pneumatic cells (flow control valves, cycling time and pressures / "PEEP” -Positive End Expiratory Pressure - Positive End Expiratory Pressure).

[003] Within the aforementioned functions, said equipment may also be used to address situations of respiratory syndromes in general, respiratory failure in pediatric patients (above 10 kg), adults and morbidly obese patients, use as a backup in ICUs or other typical environments of intensive care, as well as for short- and long-term lung ventilation, using a specific heat and moisture exchanger filter with a microbial barrier, indicated to ensure adequate humidification and heating of inspired air and to avoid cross-contamination in patients undergoing ventilation mechanical lung.

• - “Ventilação Mandatória Controlada” - “CMV”
• - (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) ou “Ventilação Controlada à Pressão” - “PCV”- (Pressure Control Ventilation), e,
• - “Pressão Positiva Contínua nas vias Aéreas”
• - “CPAP” - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure).

[004] The propelling source for the operation of the equipment in question is a source of medical oxygen - Network or O2 Cylinder, completely dispensing with the use of electricity and/or batteries and as its parts and pieces are built with non-magnetizable materials, it can be used in Magnetic Resonance equipment. The equipment now disclosed has ventilation modes defined as:

• - “Mandatory Controlled Ventilation” - “CMV”
• - (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) or “Pressure Controlled Ventilation” - “PCV”- (Pressure Control Ventilation), and,
• - "Continuous Positive Airway Pressure"
• - “CPAP” - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure).

[005] As is already widely known, the world has been going through a very serious public health crisis caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), in a recognized pandemic that has already claimed the lives of a huge number of victims in most nations , whose responsible governments are currently in a frantic race to try, as far as possible, to minimize the countless humanitarian and material damages already caused, and which until now, continue to generate suffering, apprehension, stoppages in practically all human activities (production , industry, commerce, services, etc.) , which already lives, practically, in a “new normality”.

[006] In addition, research laboratories, companies, establishments and related entities that manufacture drugs are in a fast pace and are rushing to make available, as soon as possible, an effective vaccine against the aforementioned devastating virus “SARS-CoV2”, in addition to others types of medications and/or medical-hospital artifacts that can help combat it, and that despite all the priority efforts, even with some good news that with regard to the vaccine, test applications are already taking place with promising substances of origin access to the mass public should take a considerable time, also taking into account the logistical, bureaucratic, economic and even political aspects, among others.

[007] In this same context, and in relation to the object of the patent application in question, the state of the art reveals the existence of a significant variety of devices designed to help patients diagnosed with respiratory failure, which act in order to manage the volume of air that enters and leaves the lung, providing the ideal mixture of gases used and the amount of oxygen, combining or not, depending on each case, the administration of anti-infective methods, always aiming at maintaining life and full recovery of the affected individual.

• - BR102012008716- relativo a entrada de fluxo de gases em circuitos respiratórios pediátricos para sistema de ventilação pulmonar em anestesia, onde o tubo corrugado dotado de balão é acoplado ao dispositivo vaporizador, para sistema de ventilação espontânea, recebendo uma entrada de gases no extremo proximal, formada em peça única e posicionada transversalmente em relação à cânula traqueal, onde a passagem de oxigênio/anestésico em circulação de fluxo laminar entre a entrada e a saída de gases do tubo corrugado arrasta e expulsa o CO2 do circuito e, forma, também, na junção com a cânula traqueal um efeito Venturi que provoca alívio de pressão ao longo do extremo proximal do circuito, um alívio de pressão, favorecendo a expiração em condição de apneia e, ainda, evita turbilhonamentos, favorecendo os movimentos tanto de inspiração como de expiração, sem que o paciente encontre qualquer resistência respiratória, tornando-se desnecessária a inserção de maior quantidade de oxigênio/anestésico, eliminando o “T” e o cotovelo do extremo proximal do tubo corrugado, e evitando esforços pulmonares por parte do paciente;
• - BR9902805 - compreendendo um aparelho para diagnóstico em medicina nuclear onde o nebulizador é conectado à mangueira flexível levando ar em baixa pressão ao recipiente para armazenamento de radioisótopo com filtro conectado na sua outra extremidade à mangueira tipo traqueia, onde na outra extremidade da será conectado o bocal terminal, cujo sistema montado será acondicionado na caixa blindada para ser administrado o radioisótopo, ligando-se o nebulizador após conectar o bocal terminal ao paciente efetuando-se o exame de cintilografia pulmonar ventilatória após dois minutos de respiração contínua e normal;
• - BR112018074537-5 - referente a um método de ventilação de pulmões extraídos, no qual um gás de ventilação é fornecido a uma via aérea de um pulmão e um vácuo é formado ao redor do mesmo, com a qualidade do vácuo variando entre um nível mais baixo e um nível mais alto para permitir a respiração enquanto a pressão do gás de ventilação fornecido às vias aéreas é regulada para manter uma pressão positiva nas vias aéreas , sendo que o vácuo pode ser ciclicamente variado entre os dois níveis e mantidos constantes durante um período de tempo, de modo que ou um ou ambos os níveis inferior e superior podem ser ajustados durante a ventilação, com o pulmão podendo ser colocado em uma câmara selada formando um vácuo na câmara ao redor deste;
• - PI 0705091-7 - descrevendo basicamente um sistema para administração de ciclos respiratórios em paciente controlados por pressão, de forma que os volumes inspirados se mantenham dentro de uma banda de volume, compreendendo limites de volume inferior e superior pré-determinados, permitindo que os referidos volumes inspiratórios dos ciclos respiratórios controlados por pressão variem dentro de uma faixa pré-estabelecida, restringindo o volume máximo e/ou aumentando o nível de pressão de forma a manter os volumes recebidos pelo paciente acima de um volume mínimo, preservando dessa maneira o padrão de variabilidade natural observado na respiração humana, ao mesmo tempo assegurando a administração de volumes dentro de limitespré-estabelecidos;
• - PI 9306757-7 -apresentando um processo de instalação e dispositivo de passagem de ar artificial para facilitar a ventilação do pulmão de um paciente, via máscara laringeana que se encaixa com um tubo de evacuação ou de drenagem passada através da traseira da máscara e terminada concentricamente dentro de uma formação de punho inflável na extremidade distal da mesma, sendo que a formação de punho inflável depende de um anel para estabelecer um selo em torno da entrada laringeana, resultando da passagem selada do tubo de evacuação através da região distal do referido anel inflável, cuja extremidade distal possui centralmente aberturas, estando dobrada de forma reentrante em junção selada com a extremidade distal do tubo, de modo que por ocasião do enchimento da máscara, sua extremidade distal estabelece um punho, selando o tubo contra o esfíncter superior do esôfago; preferencialmente, um punho inflável auxiliar é portado no lado posterior da extremidade de máscara, quando inflada, estabelecendo uma referência de amortecimento entre o tubo de evacuação e a parede posterior da faringe, possibilitando uma vedação mais eficaz em relação à entrada laringeana do punho de drenagem para o esfíncter do esôfago, na condição de pressão negativa aplicada ao tubo de evacuação.

[008] Still in the sense of helping and specifying the technical state, some surveys were carried out that pointed to the existence of a relative variety of lung ventilators, which, however, do not affect the inventive merit of the object now revealed, and may be cited, by way of example, the following documents:

• - BR102012008716- relating to the entry of gas flow in pediatric respiratory circuits for pulmonary ventilation system in anesthesia, where the corrugated tube equipped with a balloon is coupled to the vaporizer device, for spontaneous ventilation system, receiving a gas entry at the proximal end, formed in a single piece and positioned transversely in relation to the tracheal tube, where the passage of oxygen/anesthetic in laminar flow circulation between the inlet and outlet of gases of the corrugated tube drags and expels the CO2 from the circuit and also forms in the junction with the tracheal cannula a Venturi effect that causes pressure relief along the proximal end of the circuit, a pressure relief, favoring expiration in apnea condition and also avoids turbulences, favoring both inspiration and expiration movements, without the patient encountering any respiratory resistance, making it unnecessary to insert a greater amount of oxygen/anesthesia ico, eliminating the “T” and the elbow at the proximal end of the corrugated tube, and avoiding lung efforts on the part of the patient;
• - BR9902805 - comprising an apparatus for diagnosis in nuclear medicine where the nebulizer is connected to the flexible hose taking air at low pressure to the radioisotope storage container with a filter connected at its other end to the trachea-type hose, where the terminal nozzle, whose assembled system will be packed in the armored box to administer the radioisotope, turning on the nebulizer after connecting the terminal nozzle to the patient, performing the ventilatory pulmonary scintigraphy exam after two minutes of continuous and normal breathing;
• - BR112018074537-5 - referring to a method of ventilation of extracted lungs, in which a ventilation gas is supplied to an airway of a lung and a vacuum is formed around it, with the quality of the vacuum varying between a higher level low and a higher level to allow breathing while the pressure of the ventilation gas supplied to the airway is regulated to maintain a positive airway pressure, the vacuum being cycled between the two levels and held constant over a period of time, so that either one or both of the lower and upper levels can be adjusted during ventilation, with the lung being placed in a sealed chamber forming a vacuum in the chamber around it;
• - PI 0705091-7 - basically describing a system for administering respiratory cycles in patients controlled by pressure, so that the inspired volumes remain within a volume band, comprising predetermined lower and upper volume limits, allowing the referred inspiratory volumes of the pressure-controlled respiratory cycles vary within a pre-established range, restricting the maximum volume and/or increasing the pressure level in order to keep the volumes received by the patient above a minimum volume, thus preserving the pattern natural variability observed in human respiration, while assuring the administration of volumes within pre-established limits;
• - PI 9306757-7 -showing an installation process and artificial air passage device to facilitate ventilation of a patient's lung, via a laryngeal mask that fits with an evacuation or drainage tube passed through the back of the mask and terminated concentrically within an inflatable cuff formation at the distal end thereof, the inflatable cuff formation relying on a ring to establish a seal around the laryngeal inlet, resulting from the sealed passage of the evacuation tube through the distal region of said ring inflatable, the distal end of which has central openings, being folded in a reentrant manner in a sealed joint with the distal end of the tube, so that when the mask is inflated, its distal end makes a fist, sealing the tube against the upper esophageal sphincter ; preferably, an auxiliary inflatable cuff is carried on the posterior side of the end of the mask, when inflated, establishing a damping reference between the evacuation tube and the posterior pharyngeal wall, allowing a more effective seal in relation to the laryngeal entrance of the drainage cuff to the esophageal sphincter, under the condition of negative pressure applied to the evacuation tube.

• - modo(s) de ventilação: “CMV” ou “PCV” -Ventilação mecânica Mandatória Controlada, com pressão limitada ciclada a tempo; “CPAP” - Pressão Positiva Contínua nas vias aéreas, com fluxo contínuo;
• - sintomas apresentados: indicado para pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo de forma moderada / grave, onde por recomendação da “AMIB” - (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira), os pacientes devem ser mantidos em sedação com escala de RAS -3 a -5;
• - faixa de massa do paciente em Kg: pediátrico: acima de 10Kg / Adulto: IMC a partir de 18,5, inclusive ≥ 40 (obesidade grau III);
• - faixa de idade do paciente em anos: pediátrico: de 24 meses até 18 anos / adulto: acima de 18 anos;
• - atendimento a pacientes sob sinais vitais instáveis: na presença de instabilidade hemodinâmica, com queda da saturação arterial de oxigênio e risco de hipoxemia, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, iminência de fadiga muscular respiratória onde a indicação seja repouso muscular respiratório, na vigência de proteção pulmonar e cuidado respiratório;
• - atendimento a pacientes com drive respiratório, conforme modo de ventilação selecionado: o modo apresentado “CMV”, está indicado para pacientes com inibição de drive respiratório. O modo “CPAP”, na forma invasiva (traqueostomia) e não invasiva com a interface máscara, deve ser aplicado somente na presença de drive respiratório normal e está indicado em pacientes que necessitem de manutenção da “PEEP” - (Pressão Positiva Expiratória Final - Positive End Expiratory Pressure) e “FiO2” - Fração Inspirada de Oxigênio (% FiO2)conhecida;
• - faixa de porcentagem de suplemento de oxigênio (O2) requerida: “CMV”: 40 a 100 % / “CPAP”: 40% a 100%, devendo ser ajustada manualmente em função das necessidades clínicas, frente as condições de hipoxemia e queda da saturação de O2, monitoradas por gasometria arterial e/ou oximetria de pulso;
• - faixa de “PEEP” em cmH2O requerida: “CMV”: 0 a 30 cmH2O ± 10% / “P.V.A”: 5 a 30 cmH2O ± 10%. Recomenda-se ajustar a menor “PEEP” possível, o suficiente para manter SpO2 entre 90 - 95%, com FiO2< 60% (em casos de necessidade de FiO2 acima de 60% o valor da “PEEP” pode variar, desde que respeitando a pressão de distensão [driving pressure] de 15 cmH2O);
• - faixa da taxa de frequência do ciclo respiratório, em ciclos por minuto: ajustável manualmente de 7 a 45 rpm (± 10%). Recomenda-se que a frequência respiratória seja estabelecida entre 15 e 35 respirações por minuto, com objetivo de manter o “ETCO2”(final da expiração - End tidal CO2) entre 30 e 45 e/ou “PaCO2”(pressão parcial de CO2) entre 35 e 50mmHg e Ph não menor que 7,20mmHg, monitoradas em exame de gasometria arterial;
• - faixa de volume corrente em ml: a ventilação mecânica invasiva protetora poderá ser iniciada no modo pressão controlada ciclada a tempo, com volume corrente esperado igual a 6ml/kg de peso predito e pressão de platô menor que 30cmH2O, com pressão de distensão ou “driving pressure” (= pressão de platô -“PEEP”) menor que 15cmH2O (Recomendação “AMIB”). Em condições gerais, na modalidade “CMV” com pressão limitada e ciclada a tempo, o volume corrente sofre as variações da impedância do sistema respiratório, do ajuste da pressão inspiratória e da “PEEP”. O volume corrente e o fluxo inspiratório são variáveis dependentes desses ajustes, da impedância (resistência e complacência) e da constante de tempo do sistema respiratório. A elevação da pressão da via aérea resulta em aumento de volume corrente e de fluxo para um mesmo tempo inspiratório com consequente aumento da pressão alveolar;
• - máximo tempo de suporte contínuo do paciente, em dias: produto para uso contínuo, em ventilação mandatória contínua, a critério da prescrição médica, condicionada à manutenção da fonte geradora (oxigênio medicinal) e em conformidade ao protocolo clínico de suporte a paciente com insuficiência respiratória.

[009] In the case of the pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator equipment in question and considering its initial information, a summary of its applicability highlighting the indication of use for clinical procedures of ventilatory support in patients with acute failure and who can be assisted by it, are listed on the items below:

• - ventilation mode(s): “CMV” or “PCV” -Mandatory Controlled mechanical ventilation, with limited pressure cycled in time; “CPAP” - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, with continuous flow;
• - symptoms presented: indicated for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in a moderate / severe form, where by recommendation of the "AMIB" - (Association of Brazilian Intensive Medicine), patients must be kept in sedation with a scale of RAS -3 to - 5;
• - patient mass range in Kg: pediatric: over 10Kg / Adult: BMI from 18.5, including ≥ 40 (obesity grade III);
• - patient age range in years: pediatric: from 24 months to 18 years old / adult: over 18 years old;
• - care for patients with unstable vital signs: in the presence of hemodynamic instability, with a drop in arterial oxygen saturation and risk of hypoxemia, lowering of the level of consciousness, imminent respiratory muscle fatigue where the indication is respiratory muscle rest, in the presence of protection pulmonary and respiratory care;
• - care for patients with respiratory drive, according to the selected ventilation mode: the “CMV” mode displayed is indicated for patients with respiratory drive inhibition. The “CPAP” mode, both invasively (tracheostomy) and non-invasively with the mask interface, should only be applied in the presence of normal respiratory drive and is indicated for patients who need to maintain “PEEP” - (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure - Positive End Expiratory Pressure) and “FiO2” - Known Inspired Oxygen Fraction (% FiO2);
• - percentage range of oxygen supplement (O2) required: “CMV”: 40 to 100% / “CPAP”: 40% to 100%, which must be manually adjusted according to clinical needs, in view of conditions of hypoxemia and drop in O2 saturation, monitored by arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry;
• - “PEEP” range in cmH2O required: “CMV”: 0 to 30 cmH2O ± 10% / “PVA”: 5 to 30 cmH2O ± 10%. It is recommended to adjust the lowest “PEEP” possible, enough to maintain SpO2 between 90 - 95%, with FiO2< 60% (in cases of need for FiO2 above 60%, the “PEEP” value can vary, as long as respecting the driving pressure of 15 cmH2O);
• - respiratory cycle rate range, in cycles per minute: manually adjustable from 7 to 45 rpm (± 10%). It is recommended that the respiratory rate be established between 15 and 35 breaths per minute, in order to maintain the “ETCO2” (end of expiration - End tidal CO2) between 30 and 45 and/or “PaCO2” (partial pressure of CO2) between 35 and 50mmHg and Ph no less than 7.20mmHg, monitored in arterial blood gases;
• - tidal volume range in ml: protective invasive mechanical ventilation may be started in time-cycled pressure-controlled mode, with expected tidal volume equal to 6ml/kg of predicted weight and plateau pressure less than 30cmH2O, with distending pressure or “ driving pressure” (= plateau pressure -“PEEP”) less than 15cmH2O (Recommendation “AMIB”). In general conditions, in the “CMV” mode with limited pressure and cycled in time, the tidal volume suffers from variations in the impedance of the respiratory system, the adjustment of the inspiratory pressure and the “PEEP”. Tidal volume and inspiratory flow are variables dependent on these adjustments, impedance (resistance and compliance) and the time constant of the respiratory system. The increase in airway pressure results in an increase in tidal volume and flow for the same inspiratory time with a consequent increase in alveolar pressure;
• - maximum time of continuous patient support, in days: product for continuous use, in continuous mandatory ventilation, at the discretion of the medical prescription, conditioned to the maintenance of the generating source (medicinal oxygen) and in accordance with the clinical protocol of support for patients with insufficiency breathing.

• - concentração de oxigênio (% FiO2);
• - frequência respiratória (resp./min);
• - pressão inspiratória máxima da via aérea e pressão expiratória final positiva (“PEEP”);
• - válvula reguladora de pressão interna;
• - controle de concentração de O2;
• - chave liga/desliga;
• - chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios
• “CMV” ou “CPAP”;
• - controle de frequência;
• - válvula de alarme;
• - vácuo-manômetro analógico que apresenta os parâmetros supracitados, cuja escala foi grafada em um fundo escuro para facilitar a leitura dos valores.

[010] In its constructive and functional aspects, the pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator now revealed has a modern, robust and compact design, while still having safety and utilitarian quality, guaranteed by certain controls and devices, such as:

• - oxygen concentration (% FiO2);
• - respiratory rate (resp./min);
• - maximum inspiratory airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure (“PEEP”);
• - internal pressure regulating valve;
• - O2 concentration control;
• - on-off key;
• - ventilation mode selection key
• “CMV” or “CPAP”;
• - frequency control;
• - alarm valve;
• - Analog vacuum-manometer that presents the aforementioned parameters, whose scale was graphed on a dark background to facilitate the reading of the values.

• - circuito do paciente simplificado, de duas vias (inspiratória e expiratória) e um conector em “Y” (para o paciente), com válvula expiratória incorporada ao equipamento, projetada de modo a impedir erro na montagem, facilitar a limpeza e permitir a correta esterilização;
• - utilização de filtro específico, para aquecer e umidificar o O2, bem como, servir de barreira bacteriana / viral, como forma de garantia da segurança do paciente e usuário;
• - válvula estabilizadora de pressão interna, que tem como objetivo manter a pressão do circuito estável em 4 Kgfcm2 - (manter a fonte de alimentação de O2 entre 4 e 6 Kgf/cm2);
• - pressão inspiratória máxima independente (não sofre influência da “PEEP”);
• - “PEEP” de 0 a 30 cmH2O (“CMV”) e “P.V. A.” de 5 a 30 cmH2O (“CPAP”);
• - válvula de segurança, localizada no interior do equipamento (sistema injetor/difusor - Venturi) sem acesso do usuário;
• - alarme sonoro de indicação de baixa pressão na rede de O2 e de desconexão do circuito paciente;
• - controle de concentração de oxigênio (40%
• a 100%);
• - todos os materiais utilizados em sua fabricação são biologicamente atóxicos e não magnetizáveis, permitindo o seu uso durante realização de exames como: ressonância magnética, tomografia computadorizada e demais procedimentos similares;
• - os parâmetros de pressão de vias aéreas são apresentados em um vácuo-manômetro, especialmente desenvolvido para este produto, com escala de -10 a 80 cmH2O, grafada sob um fundo escuro, para melhor visualização da leitura;
• - não utiliza energia elétrica ou bateria, devendo ser conectado à rede ou cilindro de O2, possibilitando assim utilização em vários ambientes, especiais ou restritos, como por exemplo salas de exames de imagens, hospitais de campanha ou espaços adaptados, em caso de catástrofes ou pandemias;
• - dependente, unicamente, de uma fonte de O2, possuindo a característica funcional de uso contínuo e indeterminado, desde que garantidas as condições de limpeza, esterilidade e vida útil dos acessórios.

[011] Bringing together the aforementioned applications, controls and devices, the equipment in question also stands out for comprising the following differential and advantageous characteristics:

• - simplified patient circuit, two-way (inspiratory and expiratory) and a “Y” connector (for the patient), with an expiratory valve incorporated into the equipment, designed to prevent assembly errors, facilitate cleaning and allow correct sterilization;
• - use of a specific filter, to heat and humidify the O2, as well as to serve as a bacterial/viral barrier, as a way of guaranteeing patient and user safety;
• - internal pressure stabilizing valve, which aims to keep the circuit pressure stable at 4 Kgfcm2 - (keep the O2 power supply between 4 and 6 Kgf/cm2);
• - independent maximum inspiratory pressure (not influenced by “PEEP”);
• - “PEEP” from 0 to 30 cmH2O (“CMV”) and “PVA” from 5 to 30 cmH2O (“CPAP”);
• - safety valve, located inside the equipment (injector/diffuser system - Venturi) without user access;
• - audible alarm indicating low pressure in the O2 network and patient circuit disconnection;
• - oxygen concentration control (40%
• at 100%);
• - all materials used in its manufacture are biologically non-toxic and non-magnetizable, allowing its use during examinations such as: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and other similar procedures;
• - the airway pressure parameters are presented on a vacuum manometer, specially developed for this product, with a scale from -10 to 80 cmH2O, graphed under a dark background, for better visualization of the reading;
• - does not use electricity or battery, must be connected to the mains or O2 cylinder, thus enabling use in various environments, special or restricted, such as imaging examination rooms, field hospitals or adapted spaces, in case of catastrophes or pandemics;
• - dependent solely on an O2 source, having the functional characteristic of continuous and indefinite use, provided that the conditions of cleanliness, sterility and useful life of the accessories are guaranteed.

[012] The pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator in question forms a substantially trapezoid cabinet, highlighting the oblique front panel, so that the buttons, keys and controls remain easily visible and accessible to the operator, complemented in its rear part by the protective box of the internal components , which develops an upper slope contiguous to the slightly inclined posterior face that ends in a rectilinear base equipped with support feet.

[013] Said oblique front panel presents a simplified and easily interactive interface of the indications contained in the switches / buttons and other signs present on the surfaces, through which it is possible to adjust and monitor the functional parameters of the equipment, through the manometer, and the eventual need to additional information (instructions, video lessons, training, explanations, specialist support, etc.) can be consulted in a virtual environment via the “QR-Code”, written on it.

[014] The keys, buttons and some connection points were arranged in concave circular or toroidal cavities, creating protective niches that prevent accidental activation and/or movement of them, giving greater peace of mind to operators and, above all, complete safety to the patient.

• - chave giratória liga / desliga, em cavidade circular côncava com suporte de manuseio em degrau, responsável por colocar / encerrar a operação do equipamento, liberando ou interrompendo o fluxo da fonte propulsora (rede de gases) para seu interior;
• - chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios “CMV” ou “CPAP”, também em cavidade circular côncava com suporte de manuseio em degrau;
• - botão cônico de controle da concentração de oxigênio (FiO2) entre 40% e 100%, centralmente disposto em cavidade toroidal ladeada por linhas semicirculares indicadoras da graduação(passando de forma gradual e contínua de mínima, média à máxima);
• - botão cônico de controle da pressão inspiratória, centralmente disposto também em cavidade toroidal ladeada por linhas semicirculares indicadoras da graduação, passando de forma gradual e contínua entre os níveis máximo / médio / mínimo variando aproximadamente de 10 a 55 cmH2O, cuja pressão permanece estável ao atingir o nível máximo, até que termine a fase inspiratória, controlada pelo tempo; dito botão permitindo ainda o ajuste do nível do fluxo inspiratório, que varia aproximadamente de 40 a 85 litros/min, até atingir o nível de pressão determinado no controle da pressão de “CPAP”(valores sem carga a jusante);
• - botão cônico de controle do nível da pressão, centralmente disposto da mesma forma em cavidade toroidal ladeada por linhas semicirculares indicadoras da graduação, passando de forma gradual e contínua entre os níveis máximo / médio / mínimo, controlando o nível de pressão positiva expiratória final(“PEEP” / “CMV”), ajustável na faixa de 0 a 30 cmH2O, bem como, o nível de pressão nas vias aéreas (“PVA” / “CPAP”), podendo ser ajustado entre 5 e 30 cmH2O;
• - botão cônico de controle da frequência respiratória, centralmente disposto igualmente em cavidade toroidal ladeada por linhas semicirculares indicadoras da graduação passando de forma gradual e contínua entre os níveis máximo / médio / mínimo, ajustável na faixa de 7 a 45 ciclos por minuto;
• - conector tubular fêmea / macho da via inspiratória (“INSP”), centralmente disposto em cavidade circular côncava, no qual se conecta a parte inspiratória da via aérea artificial (circuito respiratório);
• - conjunto conector da válvula expiratória, compreendido pela tampa recartilhada, membrana cogumelar mediana de vedação e rosca fixa inferior, cuja tampa recartilhada conforma bordas dentadas, em torno de um ressalto tubular macho / fêmea, na extremidade do qual se conecta a via expiratória do circuito respiratório (circuito paciente). Dita membrana cogumelar é encaixada no sulco da rosca fixa inferior, tendo a função de vedação do orifício central, localizado na parte mais externa da válvula da tampa recartilhada;
• - manômetro analógico, com borda anelar saliente, calibrado em cm H2O, com variação de -10 a 80 cmH2O, que monitora a pressão das vias aéreas a cada ciclo ventilatório.

[015] On said oblique front panel are ergonomically located the controls and devices listed below along with their respective functional and constructive characteristics:

• - on/off rotary switch, in concave circular cavity with step handling support, responsible for starting/stopping the equipment operation, releasing or interrupting the flow of the propelling source (gas network) to its interior;
• - “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch, also in a concave circular cavity with a step handling support;
• - conical knob for controlling the concentration of oxygen (FiO2) between 40% and 100%, centrally arranged in a toroidal cavity flanked by semicircular lines indicating the graduation (passing gradually and continuously from minimum, average to maximum);
• - conical inspiratory pressure control knob, also centrally arranged in a toroidal cavity flanked by semicircular lines indicating the graduation, passing gradually and continuously between the maximum / medium / minimum levels ranging from approximately 10 to 55 cmH2O, whose pressure remains stable at reach the maximum level, until the end of the inspiratory phase, controlled by time; said button also allowing the adjustment of the inspiratory flow level, which varies approximately from 40 to 85 liters/min, until reaching the pressure level determined in the “CPAP” pressure control (values without downstream load);
• - conical pressure level control knob, centrally arranged in the same way in a toroidal cavity flanked by semicircular lines indicating the graduation, passing gradually and continuously between the maximum / average / minimum levels, controlling the level of positive end-expiratory pressure ( “PEEP” / “CMV”), adjustable in the range of 0 to 30 cmH2O, as well as the level of pressure in the airways (“PVA” / “CPAP”), which can be adjusted between 5 and 30 cmH2O;
• - conical knob for controlling the respiratory rate, centrally arranged in a toroidal cavity flanked by semicircular lines indicating the graduation passing gradually and continuously between the maximum / average / minimum levels, adjustable in the range of 7 to 45 cycles per minute;
• - female/male tubular connector for the inspiratory pathway (“INSP”), centrally arranged in a concave circular cavity, to which the inspiratory part of the artificial airway is connected (breathing circuit);
• - exhalation valve connector set, comprising the knurled cap, medial mushroom sealing membrane and lower fixed thread, whose knurled cap forms toothed edges, around a male/female tubular projection, at the end of which the exhalation pathway of the circuit is connected respiratory system (patient circuit). Said mushroom membrane is fitted into the groove of the lower fixed thread, having the function of sealing the central hole, located in the most external part of the knurled lid valve;
• - Analog manometer, with raised ring edge, calibrated in cmH2O, with variation from -10 to 80 cmH2O, which monitors airway pressure at each ventilatory cycle.

[016] At the rear of the protective box for the internal components, there is a central opening that forms a kind of deep handle to fit the hand, in order to facilitate the support and/or eventual need for transportation / displacement of the equipment, in addition to the hole for capturing ambient air, to which the specific filter must be attached (recommended model "HMEF" - heat and moisture exchanger filter - "Heat and Moisture Exchanger Filter"), flanked by the tubular projection of oxygen inlet, in turn surmounted by the engraved area of the product's indelible label.

[017] Regarding the "Controlled Mandatory Ventilation" - "CMV" - (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) or "Pressure Controlled Ventilation" - "PCV" - (Pressure Control Ventilation) mode, the characteristics of the equipment with limited inspiratory pressure and Cycling in time allows the adjustment of respiratory rate individually, in addition to the adjustment of "PEEP" (Positive End Expiratory Pressure) meeting values between 15 and 18 cmH2O (Range 0 - 30 cmH2O), providing sufficient ventilatory resources to meet emergencies, such as "SARS-CoV2", in addition to being able to contribute to therapies for pulmonary re-expansion "IPPB" (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing) in patients who need this type of intervention, such as in cases of atelectasis and pulmonary hypoaeration, due to of several factors, and may be an important resource in the practice of respiratory physiotherapy.

• - concentração de oxigênio (FiO2) de 40 a 100% - ajustável;
• - frequência respiratória de 7 a 45 resp./min;
• - pressão inspiratória máxima da via aérea (10 a 55 cmH2O);
• - pressão expiratória final ("PEEP”) de 0 a 30 cmH2O.

[018] Thus, the aforementioned “CMV” (or “PCV”) mode allows the following controls:

• - oxygen concentration (FiO2) from 40 to 100% - adjustable;
• - respiratory rate from 7 to 45 resp./min;
• - maximum inspiratory airway pressure (10 to 55 cmH2O);
• - end-expiratory pressure ("PEEP") from 0 to 30 cmH2O.

• - o conector para instalação da mangueira deve estar conectado à rede de O2, por meio da mangueira de O2. A partir desse momento, o oxigênio entra no equipamento e passará pela chave giratória liga / desliga, que fará a liberação da circulação do O2, efetivando o funcionamento do equipamento;
• - quando acionada a chave giratória liga / desliga, o oxigênio será enviado para o botão cônico de controle da concentração de oxigênio (FiO2) que o redirecionará, paralelamente, para o sistema infusor/ difusor e para a válvula reguladora da pressão de O2, que regula/reduz a pressão da rede para 3,5 Kgf/cm2;
• - com a chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios “CMV” ou “CPAP” acionada em “CMV”, o O2, após ter sua pressão reduzida/ajustada na válvula reguladora da pressão para 3,5 Kgf/cm2, segue para a válvula de ajuste da “PEEP”(“CMV”) ou pressão de via aérea (“PVA”). Simultaneamente, o O2 vai para a válvula de ajuste da pressão de alarme e também para a válvula de ajuste da frequência respiratória;
• - a partir da referida válvula de ajuste da frequência respiratória, o O2 é direcionado até a válvula de ajuste da pressão máxima (“CMV”) ou fluxo máximo “(CPAP”), que por sua vez, o envia até o sistema infusor/difusor. Neste modo, a chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios “CMV” ou “CPAP” está aberta, ou seja, não há passagem de O2;
• - sempre que a pressão da rede cair abaixo de 2,8 Kgf/cm2, a válvula do alarme ativará um alarme sonoro, mediante acionamento da válvula de ajuste da frequência do alarme;
• - neste modo ventilatório (“CMV”), a pressão expiratória final (“PEEP”) pode ser ajustada diretamente pelo usuário / operador na válvula de ajuste da “PEEP”(“CMV”) ou pressão de via aérea (“PVA”). A válvula que faz o ajuste fino da “PEEP” é regulada na fábrica, sem acesso por parte do usuário, da qual o oxigênio seguirá para a válvula exalatória (expiratória), a partir do interruptor / comutador entre os modos “CMV” / “CPAP”, estabelecendo assim a “PEEP” ajustada;
• - terminada a regulagem da “PEEP”, o oxigênio é direcionado, via válvula de ajuste do valor da “PEEP”, ao mini-injetor, que após finalizados os acertos do fluxo correto, enviará o O2 para a válvula expiratória e, por conseguinte, ao paciente, via circuito respiratório;
• - anexo ao sistema infusor / difusor, existe o vácuo manômetro que tem a função de indicar, ao usuário, os valores dos parâmetros associados ao funcionamento do ventilador pulmonar mecânico pneumático em questão.

[019] Its operating principle ("CMV" or "PCV" mode) is as follows:

• - the hose installation connector must be connected to the O2 network, through the O2 hose. From that moment on, the oxygen enters the equipment and will pass through the on/off rotary switch, which will release the O2 circulation, making the equipment work;
• - when the on/off rotary switch is activated, the oxygen will be sent to the conical oxygen concentration control knob (FiO2) which will redirect it, in parallel, to the infuser/diffuser system and to the O2 pressure regulating valve, which regulates/reduces network pressure to 3.5 Kgf/cm2;
• - with the “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch turned to “CMV”, the O2, after having its pressure reduced/adjusted in the pressure regulating valve to 3.5 Kgf/cm2, goes to the adjustment of “PEEP” (“CMV”) or airway pressure (“AVP”). Simultaneously, O2 goes to the alarm pressure adjustment valve and also to the respiratory rate adjustment valve;
• - from said respiratory rate adjustment valve, the O2 is directed to the maximum pressure adjustment valve (“CMV”) or maximum flow adjustment valve “(CPAP”), which in turn sends it to the infuser system/ diffuser. In this mode, the “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch is open, that is, there is no passage of O2;
• - whenever the network pressure drops below 2.8 Kgf/cm2, the alarm valve will activate an audible alarm, by activating the alarm frequency adjustment valve;
• - in this ventilation mode (“CMV”), the end-expiratory pressure (“PEEP”) can be adjusted directly by the user / operator on the “PEEP” (“CMV”) or airway pressure (“PVA”) adjustment valve . The valve that makes the fine adjustment of the “PEEP” is regulated at the factory, without access by the user, from which the oxygen will go to the exhalation (expiratory) valve, from the switch / switch between the modes “CMV” / “ CPAP”, thus establishing the adjusted “PEEP”;
• - once the “PEEP” adjustment is completed, the oxygen is directed, via the “PEEP” value adjustment valve, to the mini-injector, which, after completing the correct flow adjustments, will send the O2 to the expiratory valve and, consequently, , to the patient, via the respiratory circuit;
• - Attached to the infuser/diffuser system, there is a vacuum manometer which has the function of indicating, to the user, the values of the parameters associated with the operation of the pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator in question.

• - concentração de oxigênio (FiO2) de 40%, pois não se controla “FiO2” em “CPAP”;
• - pressão de vias aéreas: escala de 5 a 30, visível no manômetro;
• - fluxo de O2, varia de 40 a 85 litros/min, sem carga a jusante.

[020] In the case of continuous positive airway pressure - "CPAP" - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ventilation mode, a slight pressure above atmosphere is continuously applied, keeping the airways uninterruptedly open in people able to breathe spontaneous, which, however, need help to keep their airways free, in this way allowing the following controls:

• - oxygen concentration (FiO2) of 40%, as “FiO2” is not controlled in “CPAP”;
• - airway pressure: scale from 5 to 30, visible on the manometer;
• - O2 flow, ranges from 40 to 85 liters/min, with no downstream load.

• - o conector para instalação da mangueira deve estar conectado à rede de O2, por meio da mangueira de O2. A partir desse momento, o oxigênio entra no equipamento e passará pela chave giratória liga / desliga, que fará a liberação da circulação do O2, efetivando o funcionamento do equipamento;
• - quando acionada a chave giratória liga / desliga, o oxigênio será enviado para o botão cônico de controle da concentração de oxigênio (FiO2) que o redirecionará, paralelamente, para o sistema infusor / difusor e para a válvula reguladora da pressão de O2, que regula/reduz a pressão da rede para 3,5 Kgf/cm2;
• - no painel frontal do equipamento, localizar a chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios “CMV” ou “CPAP” e verificar se está acionado na posição “CPAP”. Caso contrário, selecionar/puxar para a dita posição, trocando o modo ventilatório;
• - o fluxo pode ser controlado pelo botão cônico de controle da pressão inspiratória, que varia até 80 litros/min;
• - o controle do nível de pressão, no modo “CPAP”, é feito através do botão cônico de controle do nível da pressão, propriamente dito, até o nível desejado, que varia de 0 a 25 cmH2O;
• - ao puxar a chave de seleção dos modos ventilatórios “CMV” ou “CPAP”, o fluxo vindo da válvula reguladora da pressão de O2 é direcionado, através da válvula unidirecional do “CPAP”, para a válvula de ajuste da pressão máxima (“CMV") ou fluxo máximo (“CPAP”) e, simultaneamente, segue até a válvula de ajuste da frequência respiratória, que por sua vez interrompe a ciclagem do aparelho. Este fluxo ainda é direcionado para a base da válvula do interruptor / comutador entre os modos “CMV” / “CPAP” que interrompe o fluxo vindo do final do difusor, ao mesmo tempo que aciona o mini-injetor para captação do ar ambiente, realizado pela entrada de ar / filtro específico ("HMEF”).

[021] Its operating principle (“CPAP” mode) is as follows:

• - the hose installation connector must be connected to the O2 network, through the O2 hose. From that moment on, the oxygen enters the equipment and will pass through the on/off rotary switch, which will release the O2 circulation, making the equipment work;
• - when the on/off rotary switch is activated, the oxygen will be sent to the conical oxygen concentration control knob (FiO2) which will redirect it, in parallel, to the infuser/diffuser system and to the O2 pressure regulating valve, which regulates/reduces network pressure to 3.5 Kgf/cm2;
• - on the front panel of the equipment, locate the “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch and check that it is turned to the “CPAP” position. Otherwise, select/pull to said position, changing the ventilation mode;
• - the flow can be controlled by the conical control knob of the inspiratory pressure, which varies up to 80 liters/min;
• - the pressure level control, in the “CPAP” mode, is done through the pressure level control conical knob itself, up to the desired level, which varies from 0 to 25 cmH2O;
• - when pulling the “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch, the flow coming from the O2 pressure regulating valve is directed, through the “CPAP” unidirectional valve, to the maximum pressure adjustment valve (“ CMV") or maximum flow ("CPAP") and, simultaneously, flows to the respiratory rate adjustment valve, which in turn interrupts the device's cycling. This flow is still directed to the base of the switch valve / switch between the “CMV” / “CPAP” modes that interrupt the flow coming from the end of the diffuser, at the same time activating the mini-injector to capture ambient air, carried out by the air inlet / specific filter ("HMEF").

[022] Regarding the injector / diffuser system, the gas passes through the injector at high speed in the inspiratory phase, and is directed concentrically to the diffuser, causing a dilution of oxygen with atmospheric air (ambient), generating a high flow of up to 85 liters per minute.

[023] This mixture of gases enters the patient's airway during inspiration, after displacing a sensitive unidirectional valve, located at the end of the diffuser. The flow, in the expiratory phase, cannot return through the diffuser, so it returns through the expiratory branch of the patient circuit, where it meets the mushroom membrane, sealing its entrance, forcing it to expel this flow through the openings located in the knurled cover of the expiratory valve.

• - a) conexão do equipamento a uma fonte de oxigênio, pressurizada a 4 Kgf/cm2 até 6 Kgf/cm2, através de conectores e mangueiras de O2;
• - b) instalação do circuito respiratório (circuito paciente da via aérea artificial), devidamente limpo e esterilizado, aos pontos de conexão próprios do equipamento;
• - c) instalação do filtro específico (“HMEF”) na parte traseira do equipamento, pelo qual será feita a captação do ar ambiente para fazer a diluição do O2;
• - d) definição do modo ventilatório a ser utilizado: “CMV” ou “CPAP”;
• - e) ajuste dos parâmetros operacionais, associados ao modo ventilatório, de acordo com o perfil do paciente (pediátrico, adulto ou obeso);
• - f) acionamento da chave giratória liga / desliga do equipamento e conexão do circuito respiratório no paciente, por meio dos acessórios correspondentes ao suporte ventilatório definido pelo corpo clínico;
• - g) monitoramento constante do funcionamento, a fim de identificar possíveis ajustes, durante a ventilação, como uma boa prática clínica.

[024] The basic procedures for the effective use of the pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator disclosed herein involve the following steps:

• - a) connection of the equipment to an oxygen source, pressurized at 4 Kgf/cm2 to 6 Kgf/cm2, through O2 connectors and hoses;
• - b) installation of the breathing circuit (artificial airway patient circuit), duly cleaned and sterilized, at the equipment's own connection points;
• - c) installation of the specific filter (“HMEF”) at the back of the equipment, through which ambient air will be captured to dilute the O2;
• - d) definition of the ventilation mode to be used: “CMV” or “CPAP”;
• - e) adjustment of the operating parameters, associated with the ventilation mode, according to the patient's profile (pediatric, adult or obese);
• - f) activation of the equipment's on/off rotary switch and connection of the respiratory circuit to the patient, through the accessories corresponding to the ventilatory support defined by the clinical staff;
• - g) constant monitoring of operation, in order to identify possible adjustments during ventilation, as a good clinical practice.

• - a figura 1 ilustra-o em vista perspectiva látero-frontal;
• - a figura 2 representa sua vista em perspectiva frontal;
• - a figura 3 ilustra-o em vista lateral;
• - a figura 4 mostra sua vista posterior;
• - a figura 5 é uma vista em perspectiva súpero-frontal e lateral do referido equipamento;
• - a figura 6 traz uma visão lateral do conjunto de chassis, com alguns detalhes internos em transparência;
• - a figura 7 ilustravista superior e frontalem perspectiva explodida do equipamento;
• - a figura 8 apresenta vista em perspectiva superior e frontal do conjunto de chassis internos e demais elementos do equipamento;
• - a figura 9 traz uma vista em perspectiva superior e frontal explodida do conjunto de chassis internos e demais elementos do referido equipamento;
• - a figura 10 mostra em perspectiva explodida o conjunto conector da válvula expiratória, compreendido pela tampa recartilhada, membrana cogumelar mediana de vedação e rosca fixa inferior.

[025] In order to further assist in understanding the utilitarian, constructive and functional characteristics of the pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator now disclosed, drawings are presented, to which references will be made together with the following description, where:

• - figure 1 illustrates it in lateral-front perspective view;
• - figure 2 represents its front perspective view;
• - figure 3 illustrates it in side view;
• - figure 4 shows its rear view;
• - figure 5 is a top-front and side perspective view of said equipment;
• - figure 6 shows a side view of the chassis set, with some internal details in transparency;
• - figure 7 illustrates a top and front view of the equipment in exploded perspective;
• - figure 8 shows a view in perspective from above and from the front of the set of internal chassis and other elements of the equipment;
• - Figure 9 shows an exploded view in front and top perspective of the set of internal chassis and other elements of said equipment;
• - figure 10 shows the exhalation valve connector set in exploded perspective, comprising the knurled cap, median mushroom sealing membrane and lower fixed thread.

[026] Considering the illustrations listed, analyzed together with the explanation that follows, the patent application in question deals with a medical-hospital equipment for ventilatory support of patients suffering from hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, and/or who are not in conditions of perform natural breathing, patients with respiratory syndromes and insufficiency in general, use as a backup in ICU's or other typical intensive care environments, as well as for short and long-term lung ventilation, which consists of a pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator (1 ), whose basic operating mechanism is formed by logical pneumatic cells (flow control valves, cycling time and pressures / “PEEP” - Positive End Expiratory Pressure), acting basically through the flow of medical oxygen (O2), and having the ventilation modes of “Controlled Mandatory Ventilation” - “CMV” - (Controlled Mandatory Vent ilation) or “Pressure Control Ventilation” - “PCV” - (Pressure Control Ventilation), and “Continuous Positive Airway Pressure” - “CPAP” - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), said pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator (1) conforms a substantially trapezoidal cabinet showing the oblique front panel (2), complemented in its rear part by the protective box (3) that develops an upper slope (4) contiguous to the slightly inclined rear face (5) that ends in a rectilinear base (6) equipped with support feet (7).

[027] On the oblique front panel (2) are located: on/off rotary switch (8); “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection key (9); conical button for controlling the concentration of oxygen (FiO2) (10); conical inspiratory pressure control knob (11); conical pressure level control knob (12); conical respiratory rate control knob(13); female/male tubular connector for the inspiratory pathway (“INSP”)(14); exhalation valve connector set, comprising the knurled cap (15), medial mushroom sealing membrane (16) and lower fixed thread (17), whose knurled cap forms toothed edges (18), around a male/female tubular shoulder ( 19); and analog pressure gauge (20) with a protruding ring edge (21), while at the back of the protective box (3) is located the central gap that makes up a deep loop (22), and the hole for capturing ambient air (23) flanked by the tubular oxygen inlet protrusion (24), topped by the recording area (25) of the indelible product label, with the on/off rotary switch (8), the ventilation mode selection switch “CMV” or “ CPAP” (9) and the female/male tubular connector of the inspiratory pathway (“INSP”) are arranged in a concave circular cavity (26), said keys (8) and (9) also featuring a step handling support (27), and the buttons (10) to (13) being centrally arranged in a toroidal cavity (28) flanked by semicircular lines (29) indicating graduation (passing gradually and continuously from minimum, average to maximum).

[028] Inside the protective box (3) are the other internal elements fixed between the surfaces of the front quadrangular chassis (30) and the rear trapezoid chassis (31), including the finishing discs (32) of the buttons (10 ) to (13), auto valve (33), inspiratory pressure control valve (34), pressure level control valve (35), pressure regulator valve assembly (36), low pressure valve assembly / alarm (37), oxygen concentration control valve (FiO2) (38), fine adjustment valve (39), Venturi/diffuser unidirectional valve (40), first “CPAP” module (41), “CMV” button set / “CPAP” (42), second “CPAP” module (43), pneumatic alarm / whistle (44), mini diffuser (45) and quick coupling “T” connector (46) of the hose, and the respective functions and operation of the controls and devices listed are detailed in the paragraphs above.

[029] It should be noted that regardless of the description and representation of the model revealed here, nothing prevents it from having its characteristics and technical capabilities changed, given the possibility of updating versions, maintaining or even improving the performance achieved, also being unlimited in its dimensional aspects and types of suitable usable raw materials, logically without distancing itself from the spirit and scope of what is explained here, ending, therefore, in a highly useful innovation that brings together the essential requirements of novelty, inventive activity and application necessary for the protection that is now claimed.

Claims (8)

"PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR", characterized by consisting of medical-hospital equipment for ventilatory support of patients suffering from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and/or who are not in a position to perform natural breathing, patients with respiratory syndromes and failure in general , use as a backup in ICUs or other typical intensive care environments, as well as for short and long-term lung ventilation, which consists of a pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator (1), whose basic operating mechanism is formed by logical pneumatic cells (flow control valves, cycling time and pressures / "PEEP" - Positive End Expiratory Pressure), basically acting through the flow of medical oxygen (O2), and having the ventilatory modes of "Mandatory Ventilation Controlled" - "CMV" - (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) or "Pressure Controlled Ventilation" - "PCV" - (Press sure Control Ventilation), and “Continuous Positive Airway Pressure” - “CPAP” - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure). "PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR", characterized in that said pneumatic mechanical lung ventilator (1) conforms to a substantially trapezoidal cabinet showing the oblique front panel (2), complemented in its rear part by the protective box (3) that develops an upper slope (4) contiguous to the slightly inclined rear face (5) which ends in a rectilinear base (6) equipped with support feet (7), where in said oblique front panel (2) are located: on/off rotary switch (8); “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection key (9); conical button for controlling the concentration of oxygen (FiO2) (10); conical inspiratory pressure control knob (11); conical pressure level control knob (12); conical respiratory rate control knob (13); female/male tubular connector for the inspiratory pathway (“INSP”)(14); exhalation valve connector set, comprising the knurled cap (15), medial mushroom sealing membrane (16) and lower fixed thread (17), whose knurled cap forms toothed edges (18), around a male/female tubular shoulder ( 19); and analog pressure gauge (20) with annular protruding edge (21). “PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR”, according to claim 2, characterized in that at the back of the protective box (3) is located the central gap that makes up a deep handle (22) and the ambient air intake hole (23) on either side by the tubular oxygen inlet shoulder (24), topped by the recording area (25) of the indelible product label. “PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR”, according to claim 2, characterized by the on/off rotary switch (8), the “CMV” or “CPAP” ventilation mode selection switch (9) and the female / male tubular connector of the inspiratory pathway (“INSP”) are arranged in a concave circular cavity (26), said keys (8) and (9) still presenting a support for handling in a step (27), and the buttons (10) to (13) being centrally arranged in a toroidal cavity (28) flanked by semicircular lines (29) indicating graduation (passing gradually and continuously from minimum, average to maximum). “PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR”, according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that inside the protective box (3) there are other internal elements fixed between the surfaces of the front quadrangular chassis (30) and the rear trapezoid chassis (31 ), comprising the finishing discs (32) of the buttons (10) to (13), auto valve (33), inspiratory pressure control valve (34), pressure level control valve (35), valve assembly pressure regulator (36), low pressure/alarm valve assembly (37), oxygen concentration (FiO2) control valve (38), fine adjustment valve (39), venturi/diffuser one-way valve (40), first “CPAP” module (41), “CMV” / “CPAP” button set (42), second “CPAP” module (43), pneumatic alarm / whistle (44), mini diffuser (45) and coupling “T” connector (46) of the hose. “PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the “CMV” (or “PCV”) mode allows the following controls: - oxygen concentration (FiO2) from 40 to 100% - adjustable; - respiratory rate from 7 to 45 resp./min; - maximum inspiratory airway pressure (10 to 55 cmH2O); - end-expiratory pressure (“PEEP”) from 0 to 30 cmH2O. "PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR", according to claim 1, characterized by continuous positive airway pressure ventilation mode - "CPAP" - (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), allowing the following controls: - oxygen concentration (FiO2) of 40%; - airway pressure: scale from 5 to 30, visible on the manometer; - O2 flow, ranges from 40 to 85 liters/min, with no downstream load. “PNEUMATIC MECHANICAL LUNG VENTILATOR”, characterized in that the basic procedures for the effective use of the pneumatic mechanical pulmonary ventilator (1) involve the steps of: - a) connection of said equipment (1) to a source of oxygen, pressurized at 4 Kgf/ cm2 up to 6 Kgf/cm2, through O2 connectors and hoses; - b) installation of the breathing circuit (artificial airway patient circuit) at the equipment's own connection points (1); - c) installation of the specific filter (“HMEF”) in the ambient air intake hole (23), to dilute the O2; - d) definition of the ventilation mode to be used: “CMV” or “CPAP”; - e) adjustment of the operating parameters, associated with the ventilation mode, according to the patient's profile; - f) activation of the on/off rotary switch (8) of the equipment and connection of the respiratory circuit on the patient, through the accessories corresponding to the ventilatory support defined by the clinical staff; - g) constant monitoring of operation, in order to identify possible adjustments during ventilation.

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