BR102021006221A2 - PARTIALLY REABSORBABBLE DENTAL AND/OR MEDICAL IMPLANT AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SUCH IMPLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

• - um corpo de implante com rosca externa sendo formado por duas partes, sendo uma primeira porção sendo de material biocompatível e não reabsorvível permanente e uma segunda porção sendo reabsorvível;
• - a porção absorvível compreendendo a extremidade apical e a parte inferior do corpo alongado;
• - a porção permanente compreende toda a extremidade coronal do implante;

Sendo que o dito implante é fixado por meio da rosca externa ao osso do paciente obtendo uma ancoragem inicial, por meio do uso de ferramentas adequadas e, ao ser implantado, a porção absorvível do dito implante é reabsorvida pelo corpo do paciente ao longo do processo pós-operatório, restando apenas a porção permanente.
A presente invenção se refere ainda a um processo de fabricação para dito implante híbrido compreendendo uma porção superior permanente feita de material biocompatível e não reabsorvível e uma porção inferior feita de material biocompatível e reabsorvível sendo ambas produzidas por manufatura aditiva por SLS, SLM, SLA ou DLP.

The present invention relates to a partially resorbable hybrid dental and/or medical implant and manufacturing process for said implant.
It is a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant comprising:

• - an implant body with external thread being formed by two parts, a first portion being of biocompatible material and permanent non-resorbable and a second portion being resorbable;
• - the absorbable portion comprising the apical end and the lower part of the elongated body;
• - the permanent portion comprises the entire coronal end of the implant;

Since said implant is fixed by means of the external thread to the patient's bone, obtaining an initial anchorage, through the use of suitable tools and, when implanted, the absorbable portion of said implant is reabsorbed by the patient's body throughout the process. postoperative period, leaving only the permanent portion.
The present invention also relates to a manufacturing process for said hybrid implant comprising a permanent upper portion made of biocompatible and non-resorbable material and a lower portion made of biocompatible and resorbable material, both being produced by additive manufacturing by SLS, SLM, SLA or DLP.

Description

PARTIALLY REABSORBABLE DENTAL AND/OR MEDICAL IMPLANT AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SAID IMPLANT FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] . The present invention belongs to the technological sector of implantology, dentistry and medicine (orthopedics in particular) and refers to a partially resorbable hybrid dental and/or medical implant comprising a portion manufactured in resorbable material, preferably bioceramic.

[002] . Furthermore, the present invention relates to a manufacturing process for said implant by additive manufacturing.

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION

[003] . In the fields of dental implantology and prosthesis fixation, it is possible to observe the growing demand for solutions to problems of acceptability of the patient's body to implants and prostheses made of synthetic material. This occurs because in cases of immediate implants, there is a need for devices of greater diameter and/or length in order to exceed the measurements of the bone socket in order to obtain mechanical anchorage, especially in sockets with unfavorable anatomy and/or presence of lesions. periapical bone formations that cause osteolysis. In this reality, devices made of less invasive and more accepted materials, such as bioceramics, are some of the alternatives found to solve these problems. In this sense, some solutions and technologies have already been developed to solve these inconveniences.

[004] . Document BR 11 2020 008314-3 describes a dental implant comprising a metallic interior of the implant with an external surface, in which the external surface is rough or has recesses. The metallic interior being of titanium, a protective film on said external surface, wherein the protective film comprises titanium oxide, nitride, and/or oxynitride, or combinations thereof. However, this implant uses a coating process for the formation of protection, which makes the manufacturing process more laborious and expensive, and still leaves a significant amount of metallic material in its final state, which may still be rejected by the patient's body.

[005] . Document BR 10 2012 018314-5 describes a heterogeneous precipitation process that uses a solution with calcium and phosphorus ions with adequate composition to coat titanium implant surfaces with calcium phosphate ceramics, which increases bioactivity, accelerates osseointegration . However, it is a costly coating process and therefore not ideal for contemporary manufacturing and post-processing of products manufactured via 3D printing technologies. Furthermore, the coating layer can be thin so as to impair osseointegration.

[006] . Document BR 1003489-7 describes a process for treating the surface of a dental implant in order to form a texture and an oxide layer. Again, this process is complex due to the structures of the implant.

[007] . Document BR 11 2013 003863 2 describes processes for the additive manufacturing of a resorbable implant, but does not deal with the manufacturing of hybrid parts with metallic alloys.

[008] . As can be seen, in the state of the art there is a large amount of surface treatment and coating processes for implants and prostheses, but these devices have a high manufacturing complexity as an additional step in the post-processing of these medical devices.

[009] . There is, therefore, no process that adequately solves the problem of partial resorption (in relation to length) of dental implants, since these parts have coating steps that increase the complexity of the manufacturing process, without increasing its efficiency, and for often structures without cutting threads.

[0010] . To solve these problems, the present invention conceives an inventive construction for dental and zygomatic implants and also screws used in partially resorbable prostheses (in relation to the length of the medical device) that has a construction in metallic and bioceramic alloy, without ceramic coatings, being the apical portion of the resorbable implant so that, with this inventive configuration, it offers a long implant when necessary, but which becomes short enough just to fulfill its new function, of secondary stability, resulting in less invasiveness in a programmable period according to the characteristics of the resorbable part. At the same time, the manufacturing process of said implant is easily incorporated into contemporary industry 4.0 manufacturing methods, such as 3D printing, simplifying its manufacture and, therefore, making its manufacturing process cheaper.

[0011] . Therefore, there is no state-of-the-art solution equivalent to the one presented here in the present invention that combines technical differentials, economic advantages and reliability, security.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0012] . Thus, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a solution to the challenges and limitations listed above, presenting a partially resorbable implant that has a construction preferably in metallic alloy (upper portion) and bioceramic and/or polymer (lower portion) with high efficiency and durability. , without post-processing surface coatings.

[0013] . It is an objective of the present invention to provide an implant with an innovative design that facilitates its manufacturing process.

[0014] . It is also an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid implant being partially resorbable which has a construction comprising a permanent upper (coronal) portion made of biocompatible and non-resorbable material and a lower (apical) portion made of resorbable material. Thus, the hybrid implant of the present invention can be made of the combination: metal-ceramic, ceramic-ceramic, ceramic-metal, ceramic-polymer, polymer-ceramic, polymer-metal and metal-metal (non-resorbable - resorbable).

[0015] . It is also an objective of the present invention to provide an implant with high initial anchorage and low chances of rejection by the patient's body.

[0016] . It is also an objective of the present invention to provide a manufacturing process for an efficient, agile and low-cost partially resorbable implant.

[0017] . It is also an object of the present invention to provide a safe and reliable partially resorbable implant.

[0018] . It is also an objective of the present invention to provide an implant that promotes effective osseointegration in the upper region so that the replacement process (in the lower region) of bioceramics for bone tissue is efficient in relation to the stability of the dental implant.

[0019] . It is also an objective of the present invention to provide an implant manufactured by a fast, clean and highly accurate method via additive manufacturing (3D printing).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

• - um dispositivo médico e/ou odontológico (implantes ou parafusos);
• - o dito dispositivo sendo formado por duas partes, sendo uma primeira porção dita permanente feita de material biocompatível e não reabsorvível e uma segunda porção sendo reabsorvível feita de preferencialmente de biocerâmica, mas podendo ser de polímero, metal ou outro material reabsorvível (compósitos);
• - o dispositivo compreendendo adicionalmente rugosidades superficiais inerentes do processo de manufatura;
• - a porção reabsorvível compreendendo a extremidade apical e a parte inferior do dispositivo;
• - a porção permanente compreende toda a extremidade coronal do dispositivo e a parte restante do dispositivo;
• - a extremidade coronal compreendendo também um encaixe hexagonal ou hexalobular para chaves e torquímetros;

Sendo que o dito dispositivo é fixado por meio da rosca externa ao osso do paciente obtendo uma ancoragem inicial (estabilidade primária), através do uso de ferramentas adequadas e, ao ser implantado, a porção reabsorvível do dito dispositivo médico é reabsorvida pelo corpo do paciente ao longo do processo pós-operatório, restando apenas a porção permanente.[0020] . The present invention achieves these and other objectives through a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant characterized by comprising:

• - a medical and/or dental device (implants or screws);
• - said device being formed by two parts, a first portion said to be permanent made of biocompatible and non-resorbable material and a second portion being resorbable preferably made of bioceramics, but which may be made of polymer, metal or other resorbable material (composites);
• - the device additionally comprising surface roughness inherent in the manufacturing process;
• - the resorbable portion comprising the apical end and the lower part of the device;
• - the permanent portion comprises the entire coronal end of the device and the remaining part of the device;
• - the coronal end also comprising a hexagonal or hexalobular socket for wrenches and torquemeters;

Since said device is fixed by means of the external thread to the patient's bone, obtaining an initial anchorage (primary stability), through the use of suitable tools and, when implanted, the resorbable portion of said medical device is reabsorbed by the patient's body throughout the postoperative process, leaving only the permanent portion.

• - desenhar um modelo virtual 3D (CAD, arquivo stl etc.) das porções permanente e reabsorvível;
• - receber os dados da representação do implante em uma máquina de impressão 3D que por meio da luz (LED ou LASER) projetada sob a matéria-prima não reabsorvível, como citado acima liga metálica ou compósito metálico (pó ou composto resinoso), e material reabsorvível (composto resinoso ou em pó), onde dita luz polimeriza as respectivas matérias-primas camada a camada correspondendo ao desenho do corte transversal do modelo do implante;
• - impressão 3D de uma porção permanente, através do empilhamento de camadas de material metálico para compor a dita porção permanente, por pelo menos um método dentre: estereolitografia (SLA), processamento digital de luz (DLP), sinterização seletiva a laser (SLS) e fusão seletiva a laser (SLM);
• - impressão 3D de uma porção reabsorvível, através do empilhamento de camadas de material reabsorvível sendo preferencialmente de biocerâmica, mas podendo ser de polímero, metal ou outro material reabsorvível (compósitos) para compor a dita porção reabsorvível por pelo menos um método dentre:

estereolitografia (SLA), processamento digital de luz (DLP), sinterização seletiva a laser (SLS) e fusão seletiva a laser (SLM); Sendo que impressão é controlada por um software e replica o dito modelo virtual 3D previamente construído e a junção das partes não reabsorvível (parte superior) e reabsorvível (parte inferior) ocorre durante o processo de impressão, o qual fixa a interface reabsorvível à parte não reabsorvível, sendo assim uma solda plástica / cerâmica ou metálica.[0021] . The present invention achieves these and other objectives through a process for manufacturing a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant that comprises the following steps:

• - design a 3D virtual model (CAD, stl file etc.) of the permanent and resorbable portions;
• - receive the implant representation data in a 3D printing machine that, through light (LED or LASER) projected onto the non-absorbable raw material, as mentioned above, metallic alloy or metallic composite (powder or resinous compound), and material resorbable (resinous or powdered compound), where said light polymerizes the respective raw materials layer by layer corresponding to the cross-sectional design of the implant model;
• - 3D printing of a permanent portion, by stacking layers of metallic material to compose said permanent portion, by at least one method among: stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM);
• - 3D printing of a resorbable portion, by stacking layers of resorbable material, preferably bioceramic, but may be polymer, metal or other resorbable material (composites) to compose said resorbable portion by at least one method among:

stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM); Since printing is controlled by software and replicates the previously constructed virtual 3D model and the joining of the non-resorbable (upper part) and resorbable (lower part) parts occurs during the printing process, which fixes the resorbable interface to the non-absorbable part resorbable, thus being a plastic/ceramic or metallic weld.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• - A Figura 1 representa a vista frontal do implante objeto da presente invenção em uma concretização preferida.
• - A Figura 2 representa a vista frontal explodida do implante objeto da presente invenção mostrando as porções permanente e reabsorvível separadas em uma primeira concretização preferida.
• - A Figura 3 representa a vista frontal em corte longitudinal do implante objeto da presente invenção, mostrando as porções permanente e reabsorvível e detalhes internos em uma primeira concretização preferida.
• - A Figura 4 representa a vista frontal explodida do dito implante, mostrando as porções permanente e reabsorvível separadas e a protuberância em uma segunda concretização preferida.
• - A Figura 5 representa a vista frontal em corte longitudinal do referido implante, mostrando as porções permanente e reabsorvível, detalhes internos e a protuberância em uma segunda concretização preferida.
• - A Figura 6 representa a vista perspectiva do dito implante mostrando a parte superior, e em detalhes o encaixe e a rosca interna para as duas concretizações preferidas.
• - A Figura 7 representa a vista perspectiva da invenção na concretização de parafuso protético.
• - A Figura 8 representa a vista frontal da invenção na concretização de parafuso protético.

[0022] . The present invention will be described based on the attached drawings, which illustrate:

• - Figure 1 represents the front view of the implant object of the present invention in a preferred embodiment.
• - Figure 2 represents the exploded frontal view of the implant object of the present invention showing the permanent and resorbable portions separated in a first preferred embodiment.
• - Figure 3 represents the front view in longitudinal section of the implant object of the present invention, showing the permanent and resorbable portions and internal details in a first preferred embodiment.
• - Figure 4 represents the exploded front view of said implant, showing the separated permanent and resorbable portions and the protuberance in a second preferred embodiment.
• - Figure 5 represents the front view in longitudinal section of said implant, showing the permanent and resorbable portions, internal details and the protuberance in a second preferred embodiment.
• - Figure 6 represents the perspective view of said implant showing the upper part, and in detail the socket and the internal thread for the two preferred embodiments.
• - Figure 7 represents the perspective view of the invention in the embodiment of a prosthetic screw.
• - Figure 8 represents the front view of the invention in the embodiment of a prosthetic screw.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] . The present invention relates to a partially resorbable hybrid dental or medical implant. The present invention uses an innovative construction in two parts, to achieve a high primary stability (initial anchorage) of the fixation with the use of a long implant, but which with time is partially reabsorbed, reducing the invasiveness to the body, late symptoms and facilitating device removal when necessary.

[0024] . The hybrid implant of the present invention preferably uses the lengths of components already available on the market, but in regions that over time it would be interesting to no longer have the apical region, such as, for example, implants installed in the region of the maxilla adjacent to the maxillary sinuses.

[0025] . The hybrid medical and/or dental implant of the present invention comprises dental/dental implants, zygomatic implants and screws for fixing prostheses. Furthermore, the present invention comprises possible technical variations of these devices.

[0026] . It should be noted that, as already demonstrated, the state of the art does not offer a solution equivalent to the invention described here. This is because until then, there was no technology to develop the hybrid implant. The conventional methodology for dental implants is known as CNC (Computer Numeric Control) and post-processing with surface treatment with highly aggressive solutions to generate porosity on the surface of the implants. This fact prevents the joining of bioceramics and polymers to the implant structure and, therefore, prevents the construction of a hybrid implant.

[0027] . Thus, the hybrid implant of the present invention is prepared by additive manufacturing as will be described later. It is a technology that in a single process it is possible to obtain the dental or medical implant comprising the joining of two raw materials and a smooth surface post-processing.

• • A presente invenção constitui uma construção inventiva, que utiliza materiais reabsorvíveis como biocerâmica e materiais permanentes como ligas metálicas de alta tecnologia para garantir uma fixação inicial otimizada;
• • A presente invenção apresenta uma construção eficiente, compatível com processos modernos de fabricação oriundos da indústria 4.0, sendo possível um processo ágil e descentralizado.

[0028] . The present invention presents numerous technical and economic advantages when compared to the state of the art, some of which are listed below:

• • The present invention constitutes an inventive construction, which uses resorbable materials such as bioceramics and permanent materials such as high-tech metallic alloys to guarantee an optimized initial fixation;
• • The present invention presents an efficient construction, compatible with modern manufacturing processes from industry 4.0, making possible an agile and decentralized process.

[0029] . With reference to Fig. 1, the implant provides new clinical treatment approaches in which there is a need to have part of the implant reabsorbed due to problems related to the patient's growth, for example, and in procedures in which there is a need for implants with provisional zygomatic anchorage. The implant 01 comprises a substantially elongated body, its length varies between 5mm and 65mm, being preferably from 5mm to 20mm in embodiments of dental implants, and from 30mm to 65mm in cases of zygomatic implants for prosthesis fixation screws within the range of 5 to 65 mm, said implant 01 being formed by two parts, a first so-called permanent portion 03 made of biocompatible and non-resorbable material and a second absorbable portion 04 made of resorbable material, resulting in a long structure with surface roughness inherent to the process 09.

[0030] . Still referring to Fig. 1, implant 01 has a commonly known format for the purposes presented here. The differential of the present invention lies in the innovative and surprising combination of perfectly fixed portions made of different biocompatible materials, presenting very interesting results in its application and fixation on the user's body.

[0031] . The resorbable portion 04 comprises the apical end 05 and part of the body of the implant 01.

[0032] . With reference to Figs. 2 and Fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the resorbable part 04 is equivalent to one third of the total length 02 of the body of the implant 01. The permanent portion 03 comprises the entire coronal end 06 of the implant and the remaining two thirds of the body of the implant 01 Additionally, embodiments where the resorbable part 04 comprises more than a third of the implant 01, are foreseen, which may be equivalent to half of the total length 02 of the implant 01.

[0033] . The coronal end also comprises a hexagonal or hexalobular socket 07 for wrenches and torque wrenches.

[0034] . Additionally, referring to Figs. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the permanent portion 03 has an internal thread 10 for fixing the dental prosthesis, whose connection is standard Morse Cone.

[0035] . In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first permanent portion 03 (superior or coronal, ⅔ to ½, in relation to the inferior portion) is made of a biocompatible and non-resorbable material selected from metal alloys suitable for implantology, such as titanium, titanium alloys , or bioceramics such as zirconia, or polymers such as polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), materials derived from these or any other material used as an implant, anchorage or fixation. While the second resorbable portion (from ½ to ⅓, apical in relation to the coronal portion) 04 is made of preferentially selected resorbable material in bioceramic β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite, or in magnesium alloys or resorbable polymers such as polylactic acid, or resorbable composites. It is also possible to apply other biocompatible materials for preparing implant 01 as long as they have the characteristics of the materials presented here.

[0036] . The ratio between the permanent portion 03 and the resorbable portion 04 of the hybrid implant of the present invention can vary as long as both portions 03, 04 are present in said implant, maintaining the physical-chemical properties that a medical and/or dental implant needs to present.

[0037] . The construction of the hybrid implant allows it to be manufactured using 3D printing technologies such as selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP). These processes involve using a laser or LED light under a layer of liquid or powder material to create a solid layer in the desired cross-sectional profile, the solid part is moved but still in contact with the powder or liquid to a beam of laser or light. LED and the formation of a new level of the solid object. The process repeats, layer by layer, until the object is complete.

[0038] . In this way, the additive manufacturing process is fundamental for this new construction to be conceived. Additionally, the permanent portion 03 and the resorbable portion 04 can be made simultaneously, ensuring a resistant interface between the two portions.

• - metal-cerâmica como, por exemplo, titânio - β- fosfato de tricálcio (β-TCP),
• - metal-polímero como, por exemplo, liga de titânio - ácido polilático,
• - metal-metal como, por exemplo liga de titânio - liga de magnésio;
• - cerâmica-cerâmica como, por exemplo, zircônia - β- fosfato de tricálcio (β-TCP),
• - cerâmica-polímero como, por exemplo, zircônia - ácido polilático;
• - cerâmica-metal como, por exemplo, zircônia - liga de magnésio;
• - polímero-cerâmica, como por exemplo, PEEK - - β- fosfato de tricálcio (β-TCP);
• - polímero-polímero como, por exemplo, PEEK - ácido polilático.

[0039] . In this way, the 3D printing can be started with the permanent portion 03 and when said portion is ready, the printing starts to use bioceramics or other raw materials such as polymers and resorbable composites of the absorbable portion 04. In this way, the metal-to-metal interface ceramic or metal-polymer of the permanent 03 and absorbable 04 portions is fused. This interface can be:

• - metal-ceramics such as titanium - β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP),
• - metal-polymer e.g. titanium alloy - polylactic acid,
• - metal-on-metal such as titanium alloy - magnesium alloy;
• - ceramic-ceramic such as zirconia - β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP),
• - ceramic-polymer such as zirconia - polylactic acid;
• - ceramic-metal such as, for example, zirconia - magnesium alloy;
• - polymer-ceramics, such as PEEK - - β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP);
• - polymer-polymer such as PEEK - polylactic acid.

[0040] . It is noteworthy that other non-resorbable and resorbable biocompatible materials already used in the preparation of dental and medical implants can be incorporated into the present invention.

[0041] . The combination of these features results in a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant with high initial and secondary anchorage, but with low invasiveness and chance of rejection by the patient's body, and with low manufacturing complexity.

device operation

[0042] . Because it has an elongated shape and external thread 09, the implant 01 can be fixed to the patient's bone normally, through the use of suitable tools, such as wrenches and torquemeters compatible with the coronal fitting 06 of the implant to rotate said implant.

[0043] . When implanted, the osseointegrated implant 01 has a reliable initial fixation and anchorage in the patient's bone, however, throughout the postoperative recovery process, the resorbable portion 04 is reabsorbed by the body, leaving only the permanent portion 03, becoming an implant with adequate dimensions only for secondary stability, that attributed to osseointegration, reducing its invasiveness to the organism and facilitating its removal when necessary.

• -Implantes imediatos: em implantodontia há aplicação em casos de implantes imediatos onde normalmente há a necessidade de dispositivos de maior diâmetro e/ou comprimento para que se ultrapasse as medidas do alvéolo ósseo para se obter ancoragem mecânica, especialmente em alvéolos com anatomia desfavorável e/ou presença de lesões ósseas periapicais que causam osteólise. Sabemos que após estes implantes osseointegrarem, ou seja, atingirem a ancoragem secundária, a porção mais cervical é a que recebe a maior parte da distribuição das cargas funcionais da prótese dentária para o osso (até 6 ou 8 mm aproximadamente), ou seja, a porção que reabsorveria não serviria a longo prazo para a biomecânica da prótese. Ou seja, um implante longo quando necessário, mas que se torna curto para o que será necessário, resultando em menos invasividade em um prazo programável de acordo com as características da parte reabsorvível.
• -Tratamento de periimplantite: Em casos em que este implante desenvolva doença periimplantar, um implante mais curto traria muito menos dano ao paciente quando da necessidade de sua remoção.
• -Implantes em paciente em crescimento: linhas de pesquisas atuais incentivam a reabilitação de pacientes em crescimento que perderam dentes em área estética por trauma ou pacientes que sofrem de agenesias dentárias (sindrômicos ou não). Sabemos que os implantes osseointegrados atuam com aquiloses que podem afetar o crescimento/desenvolvimento ósseo. Implantes que se tornam curtos ou finos após exerceram seu papel de ancoragem inicial tendem a impactar menos neste crescimento ósseo.
• -Implantes com ancoragem zigomática provisórios: uma grande vantagem da ancoragem zigomática frente a opção de reconstrução para implantes convencionais é a possibilidade de carga imediata encurtando o tempo de tratamento, entretanto esta técnica está associada a um alto índice de complicações tardias tipo sinusite crônica. Com implantes híbridos parcialmente reabsorvíveis haveria a possibilidade de um tratamento inicial com ancoragem esquelética zigomática posterior associada a implantes em pré-maxila de forma provisória enquanto se aguarda uma reconstrução intermediária para implantes convencionais. Estes implantes zigomáticos provisórios seriam facilmente removidos após a reabsorção de sua porção mais interna ancorada nos ossos zigomáticos. Isto associa algumas das vantagens das duas técnicas.
• -Outras aplicações na área médica: Implantes híbridos para ancoragem esquelética de uso ortopédico, neurocirurgia de coluna ou cirurgias de âmbito crânio-maxilo-facial, em situações que haja necessidade de fixação para estabilização de fraturas ou ligamentos, tendões e discos articulares com a necessidade de ancoragem permanente. O dispositivo híbrido oferecerá uma alta estabilidade inicial que se mantem após a osseointegração da porção permanente. Com a reabsorção da porção apical, haverá uma menor interferência na homeostasia da estrutura óssea a médio e longo prazo.

[0044] . This implant offers safety and reliability to be used in different clinical situations, and can be applied in different typical or atypical cases, such as:

• -Immediate implants: in implant dentistry there is application in cases of immediate implants where there is usually a need for devices of greater diameter and/or length in order to exceed the measurements of the bone socket to obtain mechanical anchorage, especially in sockets with unfavorable anatomy and/ or presence of periapical bone lesions that cause osteolysis. We know that after these implants osseointegrate, that is, reach secondary anchorage, the most cervical portion is the one that receives most of the distribution of functional loads from the dental prosthesis to the bone (up to approximately 6 or 8 mm), that is, the portion that would reabsorb would not be useful in the long term for the biomechanics of the prosthesis. That is, a long implant when necessary, but which becomes short for what will be necessary, resulting in less invasiveness in a programmable period according to the characteristics of the resorbable part.
• -Treatment of peri-implantitis: In cases where this implant develops peri-implant disease, a shorter implant would bring much less harm to the patient when it needs to be removed.
• -Implants in growing patients: current lines of research encourage the rehabilitation of growing patients who have lost teeth in the aesthetic area due to trauma or patients who suffer from dental agenesis (syndromic or not). We know that osseointegrated implants work with those diseases that can affect bone growth/development. Implants that become short or thin after performing their initial anchorage role tend to have less impact on this bone growth.
• -Implants with temporary zygomatic anchorage: a great advantage of zygomatic anchorage compared to the reconstruction option for conventional implants is the possibility of immediate loading, shortening the treatment time, however this technique is associated with a high rate of late complications such as chronic sinusitis. With partially resorbable hybrid implants, there would be the possibility of an initial treatment with posterior zygomatic skeletal anchorage associated with implants in the premaxilla provisionally while awaiting an intermediate reconstruction for conventional implants. These provisional zygomatic implants would be easily removed after the reabsorption of their innermost portion anchored in the zygomatic bones. This combines some of the advantages of the two techniques.
• -Other applications in the medical field: Hybrid implants for skeletal anchorage for orthopedic use, spine neurosurgery or cranio-maxillo-facial surgeries, in situations where there is a need for fixation to stabilize fractures or ligaments, tendons and joint discs with the need permanent anchorage. The hybrid device will offer high initial stability that is maintained after osseointegration of the permanent portion. With resorption of the apical portion, there will be less interference in the homeostasis of the bone structure in the medium and long term.

[0045] . Additionally, referring to Figs. 4 and Fig. 5, the permanent portion 03 can comprise a protuberance for fitting 07 that has two functions: to help the fixation of the resorbable part 04, making the metal-ceramic interface, preferably, more stable, and to serve as an extra anchorage of the permanent part 03, when the apical portion is resorbed.

[0046] . Preferred embodiments in which the implant is a screw for fixing prostheses 01' are provided, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

[0047] . Having described examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention covers other possible variations of the described inventive concept, being limited solely by the content of the appended claims, including the possible equivalents.

Claims (11)

Partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant characterized by comprising:

• - one implant (1)
• - said implant (1) comprising a first permanent portion (3) and a second resorbable portion (4);
• - the implant (1) additionally comprising macrogeometry on its surface that form an external thread (9);
• - the absorbable portion (4) comprising the apical end (5) and the lower part of the implant (1);
• - the permanent portion (3) comprising the entire coronal end of the implant and the upper part of the implant (1);
• - the coronal end comprising a hexagonal or hexalobular socket (7) for wrenches and torquemeters;

said implant (1) is fixed by means of the external thread (9) to the patient's bone, obtaining an initial anchorage, through the use of suitable tools and, when implanted, the absorbable portion (4) of said implant ( 1) is reabsorbed by the patient's body throughout the postoperative process, leaving only the permanent portion (3). Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is an implant selected from among dental implants, zygomatic implants and screws for prosthesis fixation. Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises an internal thread (10). Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first permanent portion (3) is made of a non-resorbable material selected from metal alloys suitable for implantology, such as titanium, titanium alloys, or bioceramics such as zirconia, or polymer such as polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), composites made from these materials or any other material used as an implant, anchorage or fixation. Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the second absorbable portion (4) is composed of a combination of at least one material among: bioceramics β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite, alloys of magnesium or resorbable polymers such as polylactic acid. Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the permanent portion (3) comprises from two thirds to half (2l3 to 1/2) of the total length of the implant (1) and the resorbable portion (4) comprises the remainder of the total length of the implant (1). Hybrid osseointegrated implant according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the permanent portion (3) comprises a fitting protrusion (7), said protrusion (8) forming a socket with the absorbable portion (4), and if behaves as a second surface for anchoring the permanent part (3), when the apical portion is absorbed. Process for manufacturing a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant as defined in claims 1 to 7 characterized by comprising the following steps:

• - design a 3D virtual model (CAD, stl file etc.) of the permanent (3) and absorbable (4) portions;
• - receive the implant representation data in a 3D printing machine that, through light (LASER or LED) projected under the non-absorbable raw material, such as metallic alloy or metallic composite (powder or resinous compound) and resorbable material (compound resinous or powdered), where said light polymerizes the respective raw materials layer by layer corresponding to the cross-sectional design of the implant model;
• - 3D printing of a permanent portion (3), by stacking layers of non-absorbable material to compose said permanent portion (3), by at least one method among: stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM);
• - 3D printing of a resorbable portion (4), by stacking layers of resorbable material, preferably bioceramic, but may be polymer or other resorbable material (composites) to compose said resorbable portion (4) by at least one method among: stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM);

Since printing is controlled by software and replicates the previously constructed 3D model and the joining of the non-resorbable (3) and resorbable (4) parts occurs during the printing process, which fixes the resorbable interface to the non-resorbable part, being thus a plastic/ceramic or metallic weld. Process for manufacturing a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant according to claim 8, characterized in that the printing steps of the permanent (3) and absorbable (4) portions are carried out simultaneously. Process for manufacturing a partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant according to claim 8 or 9 characterized in that the 3D printing steps of the permanent (3) and absorbable (4) portions print multiple permanent (3) and absorbable (4) portions in a single process, from a single 3D model. Partially resorbable hybrid osseointegrated implant characterized by being obtainable by the process as defined in any one of claims 8 to 10.

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