BR102019016811A2 - modular castor harvesting implement - Google Patents

Abstract

MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMONY HARVEST, consisting of a structure (1) extreme with left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes, while subsequently assembling the set of driving power transmissions (4) interconnected with power take-offs ( 5); previously the structure (1) has a set of pickup modules (6), after which it has a concentrator and conductor set of harvested material (7) with drainage channel (8) and two helical reverse threads (9A) and ( 9B), aligned medially with an outlet (10) of harvested material; each collector module (6) includes a pair of line separators (11) each longitudinally aligned with a conveyor belt (13), as well as between each pair of line separator (11) a tapered access (15) is formed with riparian guides (16) aligned with a pair of brush rollers (17); it also comprises blowing units (18), shredder chamber (19), shredder assembly (21) and a second shredding chamber (22).

Description

MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMONY HARVEST Field of the Invention.

[01] The present invention refers to technical and functional improvements introduced in a modular implement for harvesting Ricinus communis, traditionally known as castor bean.

[02] More particularly the present invention comprises several technical and functional modifications introduced in the implement described in BR102016017118-0, MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMONY HARVEST, deposited on 07/22/2016 and published on 06/02/2018.

[03] The implement in question, such as the one described in the document above, is of the type classified as drag, in view of this, it does not have its own driving force and works coupled to a self-propelled or combine harvester, or even in others machines with their own strength, depending only on mechanical details of the coupling system and the power take-off.

[04] The implement of the present invention is also modular in that it has a defined work front to meet the simultaneous harvest of one, two or more rows of plants.

[05] Thus, it is desirable that the implement in question, as in the previous one, be coupled to a harvester with its own driving force, which can also trigger the present implement and other processing parts, since the set in question was developed to harvest the castor and carry it back, together with other disposable parts (peel), into the interior of a usual harvester or similar machine, before which pre-separation of disposable parts of the plants is made. Inside the car or similar equipment, different sets separate the disposable parts and castors. Usually leaves and branches are discarded in the soil, while castor beans are packed in bulk or moved appropriately for further processing, known as peeling operation that separates the husk from the seeds.

State of the art.

[06] As is well known, initially the castor bean harvest stood out for its high consumption of labor, since it was carried out manually, as reported by industry statistics. The most conventional way of manual harvesting consists of breaking and / or cutting the bunches at the base, using different sharp instruments, mainly knives, pocket knives, scissors or trimmers. The harvested bunches are deposited in hyacinths, baskets, carts or trailers and transported to the drying place (yard or dryer). When the production is considerably large, it is recommended to carry out, in the crop itself, the fruit detachment, to avoid the transport of a large volume that is not of fruits and disposal of the less noble parts of the plant. For this purpose, instruments should be used ordinarily in the form of combs made from a headless nail or iron pins placed in the upper inner part of the deposit, so that the curl is passed between the teeth of the comb, from bottom to top, in a straight line. so that the fruits come off and fall into the transport container, while the rest of the plant is discarded.

[07] Logically, attempts have been made to considerably reduce the costly labor used to harvest castor beans and the only solution is to create implements and combined machines that can characterize a mechanization system capable of carrying out this type of harvest. Currently there are countless equipments for the collection and processing of castor, as taught in the documents: BRPI9200690-6, BR102013022062-0, BR102014024596-0, BR102016017118-0, BR102015015409-7, BRPI8302738-6, CN103650756A, CN10401222AA, EP2038250A, CN2038250A , EP0632955A, ES2049996T3, SU1209091A1, SU1761036A1, US854591, US2834172, US2952962A, US3030756, US3260041 and US3410064.

[08] Concomitantly with mechanization processes, hybrid implements were also developed for harvesting castor beans, which are increasingly less expensive for cultivation, allowing the evolution of mechanization. Combine manufacturers do not yet produce an exclusive castor harvest machine, so adaptations must be made to corn platforms, which include side guards, bristles for retaining grains in place of chains.

[09] One of the proposed solutions is taught in document BR102013022062-0, in which a platform was presented to harvest castor beans, which, adapted to the grain harvesters available on the market, represents a technological leap in the harvest of this cultivar. However, in some cases, the system for transporting and directing the fruits to the harvester machine, present on this platform, presented some difficulties for its maintenance, but there was still a high market demand for more viable solutions in terms of ease of maintenance and with less loss of harvested fruits.

[10] Although BR102013022062-0 was an advantageous proposal for mechanizing the castor bean harvest, some inconveniences were noted during its use, starting with the nozzles that, in addition to having sharp angles, the set resulted in a wall at the entrance of the line, dropping many castor beans before they even enter the platform.

[11] Another drawback is the scraper rollers with propeller inlet, which, in addition to not scraping the plants correctly, cause entanglement or clogging of the harvested volume, causing hours of machine downtime.

[12] Another disadvantage noted in such scraper rollers is the fact that they are devoid of a side fairing to prevent the plucked fruits from returning to the soil.

[13] The mechanical transmission used to drive the rollers and the conveyors has also become inconvenient. This transmission consists of sets of gears that formed the system to replicate the rotations for the roller and the traction roller of the conveyor belt, overloading the components of the transmission.

• - concretizar um implemento modular montado em uma estrutura robusta, simples e de baixo custo, capaz de agregar de forma compacta todos os conjuntos rotativos, principalmente rolos e esteiras que, combinados com outros componentes fixos, sejam capazes de remover com eficiência os frutos dos cachos do pé de mamona e conduzi-los até o interior da colheitadeira para o devido processamento;
• - prever meios para que o agricultor possa modular o implemento conforme suas necessidades de campo, adequando o conjunto para diferentes espaçamentos de plantio, e, ainda, adequar quantidades de módulos de acordo ao tamanho da produtividade requerida;
• - prever um mecanismo de transmissão eficiente, que replica por meio de eixo cardan a rotação de saída do embocador da colheitadeira para uma engrenagem motora que transmite para uma engrenagem conduzida que toca o caracol de alimentação do módulo, consequentemente, a força utilizada não sobrecarrega o sistema;
• - promover uma frente de trabalho singular, ou seja, na entrada de cada módulo são previstos dois bicos direcionadores e flexíveis com meios para corrigir irregularidades da entrada da planta no módulo, e ser flexível para possíveis contatos com o solo e, ainda, em cada módulo são previstas bandejas captadoras que auxiliam na alimentação para as esteiras transportadoras;
• - prever meios para extração dos frutos da mamona por escovação utilizando-se, para cada linha, dois rolos de escovas que abraçam a planta e giram em sentidos contrários para cima, consequentemente, fazem a raspagem (escovação) da planta extraindo os frutos para que os mesmos caiam por gravidade sobre a correspondente esteira e desta para o interior da colheitadeira;
• - prever um mecanismo de acionamento para todos os rolos de escovas, onde cada par tem a sua respectiva caixa de transmissão em "T" que permite sincronização de acionamento de todos os rolos escovas;
• - prever meios para evitar emaranhamento de galhos (embuchamento) e, para tanto, existe um segundo mecanismo que contém o eixo do conjunto limpador de galhos que interliga mecanicamente um módulo ao outro pelos eixos laterais da caixa de transmissão que tocam os rolos de escova rotativa, de modo que este eixo do limpador replica a transmissão para o eixo frontal do limpador sendo transmitidos por corrente, estas que contém hastes limpadoras que limpam possíveis galhos acima da esteira transportadora, onde ainda existe uma proteção adicional na forma de suporte estilo "facão" que protege a entrada de galhos no decorrer da corrente do sistema de limpador de galhos;
• - um mecanismo da esteira transportadora por roletes de tração inferior montado por eixos sextavados derivantes dos módulos e que repassam a transmissão da engrenagem conduzida das esteiras com a engrenagem motora do caracol transportador; e
• - o sistema da esteira também inclui um rolete frontal que compõe dois esticadores que auxiliam no perfeito funcionamento do sistema esticando as esteiras transportadoras e alinhando-as com o rolete de tração.

[14] In view of the above, the BR102016017118-0 implement was developed, deposited on 07/22/2016, which, briefly, presented numerous modifications to meet different objectives:

• - implement a modular implement mounted on a robust, simple and low-cost structure, capable of compactly aggregating all rotating assemblies, especially rollers and mats that, combined with other fixed components, are able to efficiently remove the fruits from the bunches from the castor bean plant and lead them into the harvester for proper processing;
• - provide means for the farmer to be able to modulate the implement according to his field needs, adapting the set to different planting spacing, and, also, adjusting quantities of modules according to the size of the required productivity;
• - provide an efficient transmission mechanism, which replicates the output rotation of the harvester nozzle by means of a cardan shaft to a driving gear that transmits to a driven gear that touches the module's feed snail, consequently, the force used does not overload the system;
• - promote a unique work front, that is, at the entrance of each module, two flexible and directing nozzles are provided with means to correct irregularities in the plant's entrance to the module, and be flexible for possible contacts with the soil and, also, in each module, catch trays are provided to assist in feeding to the conveyor belts;
• - provide means for the extraction of castor fruits by brushing using, for each line, two brush rollers that hug the plant and rotate in the opposite directions, consequently scraping (brushing) the plant, extracting the fruits so that they fall by gravity on the corresponding conveyor and from there to the interior of the harvester;
• - provide a drive mechanism for all brush rollers, where each pair has its respective "T" transmission box that allows drive synchronization of all brush rollers;
• - provide means to prevent entanglement of branches (bushing) and, for that, there is a second mechanism that contains the axis of the branch cleaning set that mechanically interconnects one module to the other through the lateral axes of the transmission box that touch the rotating brush rollers , so that this axis of the wiper replicates the transmission to the front axis of the wiper, being transmitted by chain, which contains cleaning rods that clean possible branches above the conveyor belt, where there is still additional protection in the form of "machete" style support. that protects the entry of branches during the current of the branch cleaner system;
• - a mechanism of the conveyor belt by lower traction rollers assembled by hexagonal shafts derived from the modules and which pass the transmission of the gear driven from the tracks with the driving gear of the conveyor snail; and
• - the belt system also includes a front roller that makes up two stretchers that assist in the perfect functioning of the system by stretching the conveyor belts and aligning them with the traction roller.

[15] Therefore, the BR102016017118-0 implement, specially designed for harvesting castor beans, has a modular work front, which can be configured for one, two or more rows of plants. This work front allows each line to pass between the brush rollers and, furthermore, this passage occurs in a peculiar way, that is, the harvester is in regular forward motion, making each plant have its lowest part entering between the brush rollers and, as the machine advances, each plant runs down between the brush rollers until it comes out completely. During this passage, the reverse rotation between the rollers makes the plant go through a brushing from the bottom upwards, so that the bristles can act efficiently in the bunches of fruits and, thus, they are loosened, even they are displaced up and to the sides, falling on the respective mats that are next to each brush roll. At this stage, some castor beans may even be thrown up with too much force, however, they are retained by ciliary trimmers positioned above said brush rollers and, with this, the harvested castor beans fall neatly on the mats and are taken to the harvester for continuity processing. During the brushing process, it is common to drop parts of the plants on the mats, mainly branches with a reasonable size, which could eventually cause entanglement (bushing), however, exactly on each mat, there are details in the form of stems that prevent such an effect , including one of them practically cuts such branches as if it were a machete.

[16] In this way, the BR102016017118-0 implement includes all the necessary means for the fruits to be harvested and taken to the processing part of a conventional harvester, completely eliminating the disadvantages pointed out by the state of the art equipment.

Disadvantage of the prior art.

[17] Even with all the above modifications, it was noted that the implement described in BR102016017118-0 could undergo other modifications to improve its functioning, since, initially, it was noticed that the castor bean fruit needs more care at the moment which is caused by the loosening of the bunch. At this moment, depending on the shape of the fruit, that is, spherical or oval, with a plurality of flexible caruncles, consequently, when they are snatched from the bunches by the brushing process, they are thrown with a certain speed towards the sides and towards the collecting mats. It was noted that such a situation can randomly cause a slight change in the desired direction of the fruits, which was further aggravated by the positioning of the brushes and, in the end, a small loss of fruits was observed that could be avoided.

[18] On the other hand, the detected loss also ended up being influenced by the remainder of the plant, because initially the entire plant practically enters between the brushes and, at this point, the fruits are snatched, however, other parts of the plant (branches, leaves, remnants of the curls) pass through the brushes and are then discarded. This disposal ended up pointing to possible entanglement and saturation of material inside the machine. The saturation was not due to the volume of material, but because it has large parts that ended up increasing the volume and causing entanglement, in this case, it would be desirable to prick the material before the final disposal, that is, right after the brushes, consequently, the fragmentation of the disposal material would allow it to flow more homogeneously through the machine until it is launched directly on the ground.

Objectives of the Invention.

[19] The first objective of the invention is to provide means so that the snatched fruits are not diverted from their desired course, or rather, are always forced with a displacement directed by a curtain of air flows. For this purpose, the guides, also called line openers, are responsible for aligning each line so that it can enter the machine properly. Thus, each of the line guides is equipped with an air blower formed by a turbine, tube and fixed nozzle, such assembly being assembled so that in the anterior region of the machine it can form a curtain of air flows, where each flow rises over the anterosuperior end of each guide. This air flow is directed in the opposite direction to the machine's displacement, that is, backwards. In this way, as soon as the plants (line) pass between the guides, it is already affected by the air curtain, so that, then, the brushes can promote the release of the fruits and, at that moment, that air curtain causes that they are forced backwards to the corresponding conveyor belt, responsible for the final displacement backwards of the aforementioned fruits and to the interior of the machine, where they continue to be processed.

[20] Therefore, the curtain prevents any fruit from being diverted from its course eventually and, consequently, no loss occurs during the harvest.

[21] The second objective of the invention is to provide for two distinct crushing sets next to each pair of brushes, one on each side and one just behind. In this way, each plant goes through the brushing stage first, removing all the fruits and, immediately afterwards, the rest of the plants is chopped and thrown on the soil. The two operations of fragmentation of the disposable parts of the plants greatly facilitate the flow of the same avoiding clogging (entanglement).

Description of the drawings.

[22] For a better understanding of the present invention, a detailed description is given below, making references to the attached drawings:
FIGURE 1 shows an anterosuperior angle perspective and an enlarged detail of the same without some parts, particularly the blind shields and hollow shields, showing an internal part of the brush rollers and crushers;
FIGURE 2 represents an anteroinferior perspective, highlighting the corresponding side of the line separator guides;
FIGURE 3 is a posterosuperior angle and an enlarged detail, highlighting the machine's transmission structure and assembly;
FIGURE 4 illustrates a posteroinferior perspective, showing other external details of the machine;
FIGURE 5 shows a front elevation view of the set with the indications of the "AA" and "BB"cuts;
FIGURE 6 represents a section view "AA";
FIGURE 7 is a sectional view "BB";
FIGURE 8 shows an enlarged view of the detail
indicated in figure 1;
FIGURE 9 illustrates a perspective view of the assembly at an anterosuperior angle, where the blind shield was removed to show the position of the first crusher assembly;
FIGURE 10 is an enlarged detail indicated in figure 9 showing said first crusher assembly;
FIGURE 11 illustrates a view of the "BB" section and an enlarged detail of it, highlighting the drainage channel of the harvested castor beans and the second crushing chamber;
FIGURE 12 represents an isometric section also showing the second crushing chamber;
FIGURE 13 is an isometric section of the detail shown in figure 12, showing the second crushing chamber;
FIGURE 14 illustrates a view of the "BB" section and an enlarged detail showing the details of one of the blower assemblies;
FIGURE 15 shows an anterosuperior angle perspective of one of the blower assemblies;
FIGURE 16 is an anteroinferior perspective also of one of the blower assemblies;
FIGURE 17 is a front elevation view of one of the blower assemblies with the "CC" cut indication;
FIGURE 18 shows the "CC" section shown in figure 17, highlighting the internal details of one of the blower assemblies;
FIGURE 19 illustrates a view of the "AA" section and an isometric detail, highlighting the first crusher assembly;
FIGURE 20 is an anterosuperior angle view showing the first crusher assembly;
FIGURE 21 shows another perspective, however, in posteroinferior angle showing the first crusher assembly;
FIGURE 22 illustrates a view of the "BB" section and an enlarged isometric detail, highlighting the second crusher assembly;
FIGURE 23 shows two units of the second set of crushers, highlighting the interconnection side by side between them and their transmission system; and the
FIGURE 24 shows a view of the "DD" section shown in figure 22, showing other details of the second crusher assembly.

Detailed description of the invention.

• - um primeiro conjunto posterior que constitui estrutura (1), transversa, com seção transversal em "L", tendo o ramo inferior horizontalmente voltado para frente, ficando este conjunto posicionado no sentido de enfrentar as linhas de colheita, como também o seu lado posterior inclui meios usuais (não ilustrados) de acoplamento em uma colheitadeira ou máquina semelhante com adequada tomada de força e sistema de levante (também não ilustrada);
• - as extremidades da estrutura (1) estão interligadas em complementos estruturais na forma de caixas laterais de montagem esquerda (2) e direita (3), paralelas entre si e limitadoras da largura da frente de trabalho do conjunto;
• - na parte posterior da estrutura (1) está montado o conjunto de transmissões de força motriz (4), formado por pluralidade de caixas de transmissões, eixos, engrenagens, correntes, polias, e correias, conjunto este que se estende para os lados até o interior das caixas laterais de montagem esquerda (2) e direita (3), junto às quais e pelo lado posterior são previstas tomadas de força (5), uma de cada lado;
• - entre os complementos estruturais na forma de caixas laterais de montagem esquerda (2) e direita (3) e no plano inferior da estrutura (1) está montado um conjunto de módulos recolhedores (6), alinhados lado a lado e espaçados de acordo com as linhas de plantio a serem colhidas, onde cada par de módulos constitui entrada guiada para uma linha de plantas a serem processadas;
• - um conjunto concentrador e condutor de material colhido (7) é disposto logo após os conjuntos recolhedores (6), ficando posicionado no interior da estrutura (1), mais precisamente no seu ângulo interno inferior, onde é formado por uma calha de escoamento (8) e duas roscas helicoidais inversas (9A) e (9B), as quais movimentam os frutos colhidos para a parte central da máquina ou da calha de escoamento (8) e, neste ponto, ditas roscas possuem meios para lançar para trás os frutos colhidos, passando-os por uma saída (10) de material colhido existente na estrutura (1), de modo que deste ponto em diante, todo material colhido possa ser processado por outra máquina condizente, por exemplo, uma automotriz, entretanto, também pode ser feito simplesmente o transbordo dos frutos para uma caçamba ou equivalente para que o material possa ser processado posteriormente;
• - cada módulo recolhedor (6) inclui um par de pranchas definidas como separadores de linha (11) e respectivas pontas frontais (12), fixas, como também cada separador de linha (11) é seguido e alinhado longitudinalmente com uma esteira transportadora (13) que, além de terminar exatamente no interior do conjunto concentrador e condutor de material colhido (7), também se movimenta nos respectivos eixos (14), um deles interligado com os demais formando uma linha de eixos axiais que está interligado com aquele conjunto de transmissões de força motriz (4) no interior das caixas laterais de montagem esquerda (2) e direita (3); e
• - entre cada par de separador de linha (11) forma-se um acesso afunilado (15), para entrada da linha correspondente a ser colhida, como também cada acesso afunilado (15) possui entrada com guias ciliares (16) alinhados com um par de rolos de escovação (17), posicionados em 45°, cujas extremidades estão mancalizadas adequadamente nas partes estruturais dos conjuntos de módulos recolhedores (6), onde as suas extremidades superiores são equipadas com eixos e respectivas caixas de transmissão, engrenagens e correntes para serem interligados e acionados pelo conjunto de transmissões de força motriz (4).

[23] According to these illustrations and in their details, more particularly the figures 1 to 7, the present invention, MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMONY HARVEST, comprises:

• - a first posterior set that constitutes a structure (1), transverse, with a cross section in "L" shape, with the lower branch horizontally facing forward, this set being positioned in order to face the harvest lines, as well as its posterior side includes usual means (not shown) of coupling to a combine or similar machine with adequate power take-off and lifting system (also not shown);
• - the ends of the structure (1) are interconnected in structural complements in the form of left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes, parallel to each other and limiting the width of the working front of the set;
• - in the rear part of the structure (1) there is a set of driving force transmissions (4), formed by a plurality of gearboxes, shafts, gears, chains, pulleys, and belts, a set that extends to the sides until the interior of the left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes, next to which and on the rear side, power take-offs (5) are provided, one on each side;
• - between the structural complements in the form of left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes and in the lower plane of the structure (1) there is a set of pickup modules (6), aligned side by side and spaced according to the planting lines to be harvested, where each pair of modules constitutes a guided entrance to a line of plants to be processed;
• - a concentrating and conducting set of harvested material (7) is placed right after the collection sets (6), being positioned inside the structure (1), more precisely in its lower internal angle, where it is formed by a drainage channel ( 8) and two helical inverse threads (9A) and (9B), which move the harvested fruits to the central part of the machine or the drainage channel (8) and, at this point, said threads have means to launch the fruits backwards harvested, passing them through an outlet (10) of harvested material existing in the structure (1), so that from this point on, all harvested material can be processed by another suitable machine, for example, a self-propelled machine, however, it can also simply transfer the fruit to a bucket or equivalent so that the material can be further processed;
• - each collector module (6) includes a pair of planks defined as line separators (11) and respective front ends (12), fixed, as well as each line separator (11) is followed and aligned longitudinally with a conveyor belt (13 ) which, in addition to finishing exactly inside the concentrator and conductor set of harvested material (7), also moves on the respective axes (14), one of them interconnected with the others forming a line of axial axes that is interconnected with that set of motive power transmissions (4) inside the left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes; and
• - between each pair of line separator (11) a tapered access (15) is formed, for the entrance of the corresponding line to be harvested, as well as each tapered access (15) has an entrance with riparian guides (16) aligned with a pair brushing rollers (17), positioned at 45 °, the ends of which are adequately housed in the structural parts of the pickup module assemblies (6), where their upper ends are equipped with shafts and respective transmission boxes, gears and chains to be interconnected and driven by the set of driving force transmissions (4).

[24] During the operation of the set, it moves against the rows of plants to be processed. With this displacement the lines of plants are adjusted by the separator sets (6), so that each one of them can enter correctly through the corresponding tapered access (15) and follow the riparian guides (16) aligned with the pair of brushing rollers (17 ). The eyelashes (16) add details to guide the plants between the brush rollers (17) and, at the same time, these details completely close these areas to prevent the fruits from entering between the front parts of the machine. After the plants pass through the riparian guides (16), they describe a specific behavior when entering the machine. At the starting point, each plant is forced by the continuous and uniform movement of the machine, so that each plant describes a forward bending and, thus, added to the machine's displacement, each plant passes between the brushing rollers (17), which they rotate in opposite directions, brushing the plant from the bottom up and, with this, the removed fruits are thrown up and to the sides. Logically, leaves and small branches are also present and make the same trajectory, all falling by gravity on the conveyor belts (13). In this operating phase, all the parts on the upper side of the pickup modules (6) are combined so that all the harvested material is led by free fall to the conveyor belts (13), from where the harvested material continues its backward path to the set concentrator and conductor of harvested material (6). At this point, as already mentioned, there are two reverse conveyor threads (9A) and (9B), consequently, all material collected is displaced in two flows to the center of the set and, at this point, said conveyor threads have means to launch to back all material, passing it through the opening (10) to continue processing.

[25] As already mentioned, it was noted that the castor bean fruit needs more care at the moment when its release from the bunch is caused. At this moment, depending on the shape of the fruit, that is, spherical or oval, with a plurality of flexible caruncles, consequently, when they are snatched from the bunches by the brushing process, they are thrown with a certain speed towards the sides and towards the collecting mats. (13). It was noted that such a situation can randomly cause a slight change in the desired direction of the fruits, which was further aggravated by the positioning of the brushes and, in the end, a small loss of fruits was observed that could be avoided.

[26] To avoid small losses of fruit, the present invention, as illustrated in figure 8, provides means so that the snatched fruits are not deviated from their desired course, or rather, are always forced with a displacement directed by a curtain of flows for this purpose, the set is characterized, initially, by comprising blower units (18) mounted on the line separators (11), each configured to establish an air flow from front to back and over each air separator. line (11), which flows in a fan and extends in alignment over the region also of each conveyor belt (13), consequently, the fruits harvested or in the process of harvesting are more efficiently carried away, because the flows formed air defines a barrier in the front region of the machine and, thus, this barrier prevents the fruits from leaving the fall range defined by the various conveyor belts (13), by the line separators (1 1) and riparian guides (16), avoiding those losses previously mentioned and, thus, the fruits continue their backward movement without any deviation.

[27] With respect to figures 9 and 10, we can notice that during the operation of the set the castors are snatched by the brushing set (17) and, consequently, the fruits, leaves and small branches are also snatched. All of this flows towards and on the conveyor belts (13). As previously mentioned, leaves and small branches can cause unwanted effects when they are transported backwards on the conveyor belt (13).

[28] Therefore, a drawback of the prior art is the remaining part of the plant, since initially the entire plant practically enters between the brushing set (17) and, at this point, the fruits are snatched, however, other parts of the plant (branches, leaves, remnants of the bunches) pass through the brushes and are then discarded. This disposal ended up pointing to possible entanglement and saturation of material inside the machine. The saturation was not due to the volume of material, but because it has large parts that ended up increasing the volume and causing it to become clogged or entangled, in this case, it would be desirable to chop the material before the final disposal, that is, right after the brushes, consequently , the fragmentation of the discard material would allow it to flow more homogeneously through the machine until it is thrown directly on the ground.

[29] In this way, in order to avoid clogging or entanglement of the material to be discarded, the present invention provides, as illustrated in figures 9 and 10, a crushing chamber (19) which is a compartment positioned above each conveyor belt (13 ) and between two pairs of brush rollers (17), where each shredder chamber (19) has an anterior plate closure in the form of a blind shield (20A) interspersed coplanarly with grid shields (20B), the latter covers the brush rollers (17) and both have the same inclination as said brushing rollers (17), with only their lower edges removed from the conveyor belt (13) for the passage of the harvested products.

[30] A grinder assembly (21) is mounted inside each crushing chamber (19), also with the same inclination as the aforementioned brush rollers (17). Thus, all material that falls on each conveyor belt is fragmented, except for the fruits of castor bean, as branches and leaves have different volumes and only they undergo this fragmentation step carried out by the grinding set (21), avoiding the occurrence of puffing or entanglement of the material that enters the machine.

[31] Still with regard to the disposable parts of the plant, the problems with the branches, leaves and clusters remaining above have been solved, and such solution or such parts are those which are easier to loosen and which are practically at the top of the plant or above the harvest range determined by the brush rollers (17). Normally below this range there are no more fruits, however, there is still a large part of the plant remaining, including much more resistant to brushing, even so, they are still disposable parts that should be fragmented as much as possible and are represented by stems and larger branches, including leaves. It is desirable that such parts are also fragmented and, for this purpose, the present invention, as illustrated by figures 11, 12 and 13, comprises a second crushing chamber (22), also in the form of a compartment, however, this is positioned immediately behind of each pair of brushing rollers (17), occupying practically all their height and width, configuring a passage corridor for all the remaining parts of the plants of a harvest line, where they are appropriately fragmented and, afterwards, all material falls on the ground by free fall.

[32] As shown in figures 14 to 18, each blower unit (18) comprises a long duct (23) that extends angled from the front end of the line separators (11) to the top of the structure (1), in this Lastly, said duct is coupled to a turbine or fan (24) and its respective lower support (25) for fixing on said structure (1), where the axis (26) of said turbine is interconnected, on the one hand, with a second intermediate shaft (27) through a transmission by pulleys (28) and belts (29) and, on the opposite side, another transmission by pulleys (30) and belts (31) interconnect the turbine with the set of driving force transmissions (4 ). On the opposite side, the lower end of the duct (23) is coupled to the corresponding front end (12), which in turn has a body in the form of a transition curve (32), with a radius somewhat greater than 180 ° sufficient to guide the air flow over the line separator (11), where said curve is fixed to its slightly tapered anterior end (33) and, at this point, said line separator (11) appears in the form of a horizontal plank, having in the initial upper part several longitudinal fins (34), as if it were a fan that directs the air flow backwards, and, still, after the tapered section (33) there is a coplanar part (35) that, together with the first, it has a lower ski (36) and also a rear "U" cutout (37), configuring together with side plates tilted upwards (38), giving the set a gutter effect and also including lateral details ( 39) and (40), where the corresponding ends of the conveyor belt are fixed adora (13) and riparian guides (16), finishing all the necessary means to snatch all the fruits of the castor bean, since the line separators (11) are combined side by side, forming a true platform for welcoming the fruits, as well as each line separator (11) has a slight gutter effect aligned with a mat (13). In this condition, all the fruits fall into the separator trough and, concomitantly, the fruits are blown by the air curtain formed by the blowing units (18), displacing them on said conveyor belts (13).

[33] Figures 19, 20 and 21 show in detail one of the shredder assemblies (21) which, as already mentioned, are mounted with the same inclination and between said pairs of brush rollers (17), where they are fixed on the posterior faces of the corresponding blind shields (20A), which, for this purpose, are extreme by supports (41) in which the ends of three parallel axes are bearing, one being a static intermediate axis (42) and two rotating lateral axes (43), in which the first distributes several fixed counter-knives (44), while the other two distribute rotating blades with three blades (45) that rotate between the fixed knives for crushing the material.

[34] The upper ends of the rotating side axles (43) are interconnected with the transmission set (4) by means of gears (46) coupled to chains (47) which, in addition to the respective tensioners (48), are interconnected to the corresponding "T" gearboxes (49) that form an integral part of the gearbox (4).

[35] Figures 22, 23 and 24 show in detail the second crushing chamber (22) in the form of a metal box (50) with side walls (51), curved rear wall (52) and upper (53), being its front and bottom sides open completely, where the previous one is tilted like the brushing rollers (17) to adjust them in this region, occupying practically all its height and width, configuring a passage corridor for all the remaining parts of the plants of a harvest line, this corridor where at least one shredder roller (54) is mounted, whose shaft ends (55) are bearings (56) on those side walls (51), where such shaft ends are equipped with couplings (57 ) of interconnection between one unit and another, forming a set of axial axes that, on the sides of the machine, are coupled to the transmission set (4). In this way, all material that enters the metal box (50) is fragmented by the crushing roller (54) and then falls directly on the ground by free fall.

[36] As can be seen, after what has been exposed and illustrated, the present implement achieves all the objectives and advantages previously mentioned, that is, the first objective of the invention is to provide means for the raptured fruits not to be diverted from their desired course. and are always forced with a displacement directed by an airflow curtain defined by the blowing units (18). This air flow is directed in the opposite direction to the machine's displacement, that is, backwards. In this way, as soon as the plants (line) pass between the guides, it is already affected by the air curtain, so that, then, the brushes can promote the release of the fruits and, at that moment, that air curtain causes that they are forced backwards to the corresponding conveyor belt, responsible for the final displacement backwards of the aforementioned fruits and to the interior of the machine, where they continue to be processed. The second objective of the invention is to provide two different sets of crushing (21) and (22) next to each pair of brushes, one on each side and one just behind. In this way, each plant goes through the brushing stage first, removing all the fruits and, soon after, the rest of the plants are chopped and thrown on the soil. The two operations of fragmentation of the disposable parts of the plants greatly facilitate the flow of the same avoiding clogging (entanglement).

Claims (4)

MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMON HARVEST, of the type classified as drag, in view of this, it does not have its own driving force and works coupled to a self-propelled harvester or harvester; this implement that comprises:

• - a first posterior set that constitutes a structure (1), transverse, with a cross section in "L" shape, with the lower branch horizontally facing forward, this set being positioned in order to face the harvest lines, as well as its posterior side includes usual means of coupling to a combine or similar machine with adequate power take-off and lift system;
• - the ends of the structure (1) are interconnected in structural complements in the form of left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes, parallel to each other and limiting the width of the working front of the set;
• - in the rear part of the structure (1) there is a set of driving force transmissions (4), formed by a plurality of gearboxes, shafts, gears, chains, pulleys, and belts, a set that extends to the sides until the interior of the left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes, next to which and on the rear side, power take-offs (5) are provided, one on each side;
• - between the structural complements in the form of left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes and in the lower plane of the structure (1) there is a set of pickup modules (6), aligned side by side and spaced according to the planting lines to be harvested, where each pair of modules constitutes a guided entrance to a line of plants to be processed;
• - a concentrating and conducting set of harvested material (7) disposed just after the collection sets (6), being positioned inside the structure (1), more precisely in its lower internal angle, where it is formed by a drainage channel (8 ) and two helical reverse threads (9A) and (9B), which move the harvested fruits to the central part of the machine or the drainage channel (8) and, at this point, said threads have means to throw back the harvested fruits , passing them through an outlet (10) of harvested material existing in the structure (1);
• - each collector module (6) includes a pair of planks defined as line separators (11) and respective front ends (12), fixed, as well as each line separator (11) is followed and aligned longitudinally with a conveyor belt (13 ) which, in addition to finishing exactly inside the concentrator and conductor set of harvested material (7), also moves on the respective axes (14), one of them interconnected with the others forming a line of axial axes that is interconnected with that set of motive power transmissions (4) inside the left (2) and right (3) side mounting boxes; and
• - between each pair of line separator (11) a tapered access (15) is formed, for the entrance of the corresponding line to be harvested, as well as each tapered access (15) has an entrance with riparian guides (16) aligned with a pair brushing rollers (17), positioned at 45 °, the ends of which are adequately housed in the structural parts of the pickup module assemblies (6), where their upper ends are equipped with shafts and respective transmission boxes, gears and chains to be interconnected and driven by the set of driving force transmissions (4); characterized by comprising blower units (18) mounted on the line separators (11), each configured to establish a flow of air from front to back and over each line separator (11), which flow is fanned and it also extends in alignment over the region of each conveyor belt (13);
• - a crushing chamber (19) which is a compartment positioned above each conveyor belt (13) and between two pairs of brushing rollers (17), where each crushing chamber (19) has an anterior plate closure in the form of a blind shield (20A) interspersed coplanarly with grid shields (20B), the latter covers the brushing rollers (17) and both have the same inclination as said brushing rollers (17), with only their lower edges away from the conveyor belt (13) for the passage of the harvested products; inside each shredder chamber (19), a shredder assembly (21) is mounted, also with the same inclination as said brushing rollers (17);
• - a second crushing chamber (22), also in the form of a compartment, however, this is positioned immediately behind each pair of brushing rollers (17), occupying practically all its height and width, configuring a passage corridor for all remaining parts of the plants of a harvest line.

MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMON HARVEST, according to claim 1, characterized in that each blower unit (18) comprises a long duct (23) that extends inclined from the front end of the line separators (11) to the upper part of the structure ( 1), in the latter, said duct is coupled to a turbine or fan (24) and respective lower support (25) for fixing it on said structure (1), where the axis (26) of said turbine is interconnected, on the one hand , with a second intermediate shaft (27) through a transmission by pulleys (28) and belts (29) and, on the opposite side, another transmission by pulleys (30) and belts (31) interconnect the turbine with the set of transmissions of driving force (4); on the opposite side, the lower end of the duct (23) is coupled to the corresponding front end (12), which in turn has a body in the form of a transition curve (32), with a radius somewhat greater than 180 ° sufficient to guide the air flow over the line separator (11), where said curve is fixed to its slightly tapered anterior end (33) and, at this point, said line separator (11) appears in the form of a horizontal plank, having in the initial upper part several longitudinal fins (34), as if it were a fan that directs the air flow backwards, and, still, after the tapered section (33) there is a coplanar part (35) that, together with the first, it has a lower ski (36) and also a rear "U" cutout (37), configuring together with side plates tilted upwards (38), giving the set a gutter effect and also includes lateral details ( 39) and (40), where the corresponding ends of the conveyed belt are fixed (13) and ciliary guides (16). MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMON HARVEST, according to claim 1, characterized in that each crusher assembly (21) is assembled with the same inclination and between said pairs of brush rollers (17), where they are fixed on the posterior faces of the corresponding blind shields (20A) that, for this purpose, are extreme by supports (41) in which the ends of three parallel axes are bearing, one being a static intermediate axis (42) and two rotating lateral axes (43), in which the first distributes several fixed counter-knives (44), while the other two distribute rotary blades with three blades (45) that rotate between the fixed knives for crushing the material; the upper ends of the rotating side axles (43) are interconnected with the transmission set (4) by means of gears (46) coupled to chains (47) which, in addition to the respective tensioners (48), are interconnected to the corresponding gearboxes "T" (49) that form an integral part of the drive assembly (4). MODULAR IMPLEMENT FOR MAMMON HARVEST, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second crushing chamber (22) is in the form of a metal box (50) with side walls (51), curved back wall (52) and above (53), its front and bottom sides being completely open, where the front is tilted just like the brushing rollers (17) and it adjusts against them in this region, occupying practically all its height and width, configuring a corridor of passage for all remaining parts of the plants of a harvest line, this corridor where at least one shredder roller (54) is mounted, whose shaft ends (55) are bearing (56) on those side walls (51), where such ends axle shafts are equipped with interconnection couplings (57) between one unit and another, forming a set of axial shafts that, on the sides of the machine, are coupled to the transmission set (4).

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