BR102019014918A2 - SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTING BOX, MODULABLE, STUFFED AND WITH SERPENTINES ABOUT ASPHALT OR ABRASIVE LIQUIDS FOR HEATING AND STORAGE OF WATER OR THERMAL FLUID FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES - Google Patents

Abstract

solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes. to expand solar thermality, it is intended to capture much more per area, store for longer and reduce costs. with technological improvements in a module with only 1.0 m2 (expandable in number and area), the production can reach 37 liters / hour of circulating thermal fluid in up to 370º c and 50 liters / hour of hot water in up to 100º c. the improvements are: 1) frontal collector box with up to 02 spiral coils and added in copper or steel up to 15 m long each and in ¾ inch; 2) solid abrasive storage, below or next to the coils, with up to 140 kg of synthetic asphalt bonding cap 30-45 (up to 162º c) or amb 22 (up to 180º c) with low specific heat and possible thermal preservation until 20:30 H; 3) propulsion by low flow mini-pump plus retention at the entrance and exit by steel valves for high temperatures and pressures; 4) coupling to the steel storage tank bottom for at least 500 liters of heated water or fluid.

Description

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTING BOX, MODULABLE, STUFFED AND WITH SERPENTINES ABOUT ASPHALT OR ABRASIVE LIQUIDS FOR HEATING AND STORAGE OF WATER OR THERMAL FLUID FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

01) It is scientifically proven that a good part of the current climate changes - intensified in the last decades and with serious socioeconomic and environmental damages for all human beings, animals, flora and biosphere - is much more due to anthropogenic causes, mainly due to pollutant emissions. such as carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulphide, CFC and others.

02) Increasingly, high and substantial pollutions and contamination of seas, rivers, lakes, small streams, groundwater, atmosphere, soils and subsoils are allied to these primary causes due to the high depositions, discharges or releases , uncontrolled, urban waste plus sewage, animal feces, food scraps and agro-industrial and industrial waste, etc.

03) Specifically, the entire global energy demand is still expected to expand 140% between 2000 and until 2060, according to the multinational Shell (only the population should expand + 25% reaching 8.0 billion), much remains to be done to obtain new sustainable generations in the coming years.

04) Furthermore, in practice, there is no point in reducing forest, agricultural and environmental degradation in the fields and around cities, if we also increasingly expel men to the peripheries of cities, where, invariably, they become almost a environmental pump, in addition to being highly energy consuming and expensive and difficult to control. In Brazil, today, about 80% of the population already lives up to 350 km from the sea and only 16% still reside in the fields.

05) Thus, many researchers and companies worldwide are looking for quick solutions, even emergency ones, to solve or even reduce the serious and growing problems described here. Also, many want to clean up - or improve - their balance sheets from their recognized environmental and social damage, which greatly drive their shareholders and investors away. There, the new solar, wind and biomass sources stand out, since the old ones, such as hydroelectric, SHP and thermoelectric, biodiesel, ethanol, some PV solar (photovoltaic with high losses of capture and with mandatory requirement of expensive batteries and with a short lifespan) or mixed and wind in some locations, etc., also already present several and serious environmental problems and social or food unsustainability in Brazil and in the World.

06) It might seem that not, but it is also necessary to outline, write and explain here also the possible electrical generations and even local refrigerations, isolated or added together, because this my current patent application for simple, greenhouse metal boxes cheap, modular and for mini, small and medium-sized companies, it focuses more on thermal production to be used in single or group residences, condominiums, buildings - urban and rural - etc. However, whether in isolated models only for daytime sun catches, or in hybrids of those with rapid and evening / night singaseification of waste, times, biomass etc. in the same places or neighbors, consumers - isolated or their groups and institutions and serious companies - are soon very surprised, positively, by the low investments involved and, above all, with the very low daily / monthly maintenance costs and, therefore, already demand equal changes / improvements for systems that also produce electricity. electricity and / or local / group air conditioning / cooling.
This informative, operational, budgetary search and even data with benefits / costs is almost automatic, even if, initially, just for fun, we also include a lot of information about here.

07) Unfortunately, however, everything that shines and exposes a lot (possible environmental solutions, sustainable energy and socioeconomically speaking) and moves a lot of money always attracts many immediate and dishonest deceivers (even companies, partners, distributors / sellers / installers and even fake ones) researchers and public / government representatives, etc.) to frequently try or, effectively, deceive the unwary and dazzled with false information, sales and installations or few verifiable real results, even in situations of sustainable energies still in phases of intense research , developments and improvements, as in the cases of wind, solar (for heating or photovoltaic or heliothermic) and biomass and what real and responsible researchers, inventors and scientists cannot agree with, nor diffuse and, on the contrary, need alert and report, if they have patents registered in any system and country , or not.

08) In the initial case of sustainable and clean wind generation (a great current fashion and with an excellent future), for the sake of truth and real science, I have to say that the undisclosed losses with wind energy capture and generation still reach 80%, as the wind is not continuous, but seasonal and local, as exposed by the brave and experienced company Neoeolica in its excellent and courageous diagnosis on the website below and with part to follow: "How to dimension your wind system?" available on the website http://www.neoeolica.com.br/dimensionar.htm.

09) Thus, “in practice, our NEO2000 wind turbine will supply us continuously with a maximum of 20% of its nominal power, ie 400W. With this data we can then multiply 400 W by the necessary 720 hours of the month to reach 288 KWh / month, which is the estimated monthly production of this 2,000 W wind turbine in places with an average annual wind above 6m / s ”. Still according to them “physically speaking, only a maximum of 45% of the power contained in the winds captured is removed at speeds between 3 and 30 meters per second (there is no way to capture with greater flow, because, above this range, the components as a generator, blades, start to act with overload and below this range it is not feasible to generate energy), but, in addition, we have to consider some other losses, since no wind turbine removes 100% of the power that is allowed by physics; then we have to reduce other losses such as: aerodynamic, electrical, resistive, wind quality, etc. ".

10) On the other hand, also according to the company Neoeolica above, when it is necessary to charge batteries with such wind systems for possible electrical uses for 24 hours / day (that is, outside of “grid-in” or “grid-tied” systems) also it is very difficult, because, “we can then summarize that a bank of 10 batteries connected in 24v will supply us 9,000W when they are 100% charged, so if we have a consumption of 1000w we will have an autonomy of only 9 hours / day in our bank. batteries. So, to recharge this same bank, we consider the generation of the NEO2000 wind turbine which is 400W, so it would take 22.5 hours to recharge, but it is worth remembering that the item we need for this account is the wind and as mentioned it is not continuous and is seasonal, so the location would have to have an excellent wind average for the bank to recharge in 22.5 hours / day and my experience shows that this can only happen in 32.0 h in a row if we have a good wind or in 48 h in a row or even more if the average is too low ”.

11) On the other hand, in the solar case, the small and medium daytime capture only photovoltaic (PV), another great fashion although proven also very inefficient, or for local heating - most capture for only 6 to 10 hours on sunny days wide open. On the other hand, positively, the large heliothermic solar abstraction (thermal and only for heating water up to 220 ° C in DSG type “Direct Steam Generation” or circulating thermal fluid up to 550 ° C in very modern thermoflex projects) has grown much more its global sustainable energy and environmental importance in recent years, since most are captured with good rates for up to 12 hours / day even in places with low daytime solar irradiance. However, due to, almost always, the bad location of the collecting and generating plants - quite distant from the centers that consume electricity or heating / cooling and due to the very high level of necessary storage of the thermal fluid, even if circulating during the day (thermoflex system) - the effectiveness of some old plants only reach 8% (thermal losses of up to 92%, that is, for every 100 thermal KWht produced if it really extracts up to 8 kWh electric), that is, it needs to capture very high volumes of KWht (thermal) for an extraction minimal electrical.

12) In modern home, local or group / condominium / business / public systems of small and medium size, also with PTC solar gutters for water or also for thermal fluid (such as those of Ukrainian researcher Sergiy Yurko - see at the end - more like on my PTC gutters for the same purposes, also with patents already applied for here) for uniting / connecting or bringing the solar heating / generating source closer to the local demand or the nearest consumer center (also the main proposal of my environmental / energy patent applications , mainly by the hybrid way of solar + rapid biomass massification more than leftover food / debris / residues / faeces / sewers etc.), the thermal effectiveness for electrical generations via steam in rankine turbines increases to 20% or more (thermal losses of 80%, that is, for every 100 kWht of thermal energy produced, 20 kWh of electricity are actually extracted).

13) Thus, thermal production need not be so high in home projects for heating or reverse cooling by absorption (by means of absorption chiller) or by electrical generations with the modern and most used today in solar abstractions, PTC gutters, when compared with those of the heliothermic plants of deserts, semiarid or distant areas.

14) In Brazil, in terms of only specific thermal demand of small size (residential, group, building, condominium, agroindustrial, clubs, etc.), it is known that for home heating and swimming pool heating, there is an ideal relationship widely used that with each 1.0 liter of hot water preheated to 80 ° C (16.0 liters / adult per bath) it is possible to heat 2.3 liters of water in a good bath temperature (40 ° C), by adding 1.3 liters of cold water at a minimum of 25 ° C (19.0 liters / adult) to achieve the ideal total volume of 35 liters / adult per bath. As for the heating for 14 hours / day of a collective pool with 6,000 liters, for example, at 30 ° C, and for collective use by 60 people equal to 100 liters / person / day to reheat (15 apartments / homes with an average of 4 adults each) with each 1.0 liter of hot water at 80 ° C, 1.8 liters of water from this pool can be heated, totaling 2.8 liters (demand of approximately 2,100 liters / hour / 60 people of water at 80 ° C, equal to 35 liters / hour / person). See at the end, the thermal demands detected for hot water per person and per residence / day (total consumption, except swimming pool, estimated at 125 liters / day total per residence with 04 adults), also remembering that a middle class residence with up to 05 people (3 adults plus 2 children) only consume 350 W / hour of electricity.

15) In addition to the differential of the growing uses of modern thermal and conservative and thus energetic fluids (mineral and vegetable oils plus special salts, with initial technical base from agricultural fertilizers) more than the high thermal concentration - already very proven by the capture more reflection and thermal concentration by the new and modern reflective solar gutters / quick thermal concentrators of the PTC type “Parabolic Trough Collector” -, another decisive factor for the giant success of the new heliothermic solar energy and in PTC gutters (such as those of my patent application , now for mini, small and medium plants) are the new forms of thermochemical storage of solar thermal energy captured for only 10 to 12 hours / day for immediate uses (about 60% -70%) plus storage (about 30% - 40%) for up to 10 to 12 hours / day, totaling 22 hours / day of heating and / or electrical generation and / or reverse cooling (via heat-dependent absorption chiller) , provided by modern “thermoflex” operating / computational systems (no longer via expensive and heavy PV = photovoltaic system batteries, these are only 5 years old plus their capturing systems and photovoltaic electrical converters from direct current to alternating or vice versa versa).

16) Even in modern PV = PV photovoltaic or heating systems, the initial proven losses, only from photonic capture and in all projects, reach 86% (actual effectiveness still only 14%, although with promises and research for reach 23%, but, of course, very expensive at the beginning) and can only capture many photons for only 6 to 10 hours / day local natural thermal due to the diffuse ambience, it can reach 12 hours in some places and days, that is, even in low light there is still enough local heat that can be captured).

17) Already, on the contrary, the modern medium and large heliothermic solar plants plus my future future PTC parabolic and paraboloid gutters - already with protective patent applications - and, ditto, in this my new modular solar thermal collector greenhouse internal and stewed, to be customized by location, mini, small and medium size - both with a useful life of up to 30 years - they capture intensively and continuously direct, indirect and diffuse local termiques for immediate use or to store in the form of fluids to generate their energy for use for up to 22 hours / day (see storage in “thermoflex” systems). This now always occurs in a thermochemical way (not via chemical-electric batteries in expensive batteries and with only 5 years of life of only photovoltaic plants), but with circulating fluid and reheating or stocking up to 550 ° C in modern systems with special tanks type TES (“Thermal Energy Storage”). Some special molten salt fluids withstand continuous temperatures up to 900 ° C.

• a) Usinas parabólicas com geração hibridas do tipo PTC-GT (calhas “Parabolic Trough Collector”, mas para acionar turbina a gás, tipo GT “gás turbine”) com rendimento captador térmico aproximado de 44% (calhas parabólicas coletoras e concentradoras em que o ar comprimido após a geração e na saída do compressor é direcionado para o campo solar, onde é pré-aquecido antes de entrar na câmara de combustão de turbina a gás, sendo que o ciclo de vapor não é modificado);
• b) Usinas solar com espelhos e torres centrais também com gerações hibridas do tipo CT-air (Torre Central = Central Tower captadora da média reflexão/concentração de espelhos ao longe, mas para ar comprimido) com 42% de rendimento captador térmico (espelhos refletores para torres centrais para aquecimento e maior pressionamento de ar - vide antes);
• c) Usinas parabólicas com geração simples a vapor do tipo PTC-DSG (calhas “Parabolic Trough Collector”, mas para aquecimento direto de água para vapor – tipo DSG “Direct Steam Generation” simples e diurno - vide após) com rendimento capturador térmico de 32% (calhas parabólicas coletoras e concentradoras e com geração direta por vapor);
• d) Usinas simples do tipo CT-DSG (Torre Central = Central Tower, captadora da média reflexão/concentração de espelhos ao longe, mas para aquecimento direto de água para vapor – tipo DSG “Direct Steam Generation” simples e diurno - vide após com 30% de rendimento captador térmico (espelhos refletores para torres centrais e com geração direta com vapor);
• e) Bem abaixo ficaram os rendimentos finais das Usinas simples do tipo LFR-DSG (discos refletores Fresnel lineares - tipo LFR “Linear Fresnel Reflectors”, mas para aquecimento direto de água para vapor – tipo DSG “Direct Steam Generation” simples e diurno - vide após) com rendimento capturador térmico de 22% (discos refletores lineares Fresnel e com geração direta com vapor);
• f) Usinas hibridas do tipo LFR-GT (discos refletores Fresnel lineares - tipo LFR “Linear Fresnel Reflectors” e acionando uma turbina a gás – tipo GT “gás turbine”) com rendimento final capturador térmico de apenas 9% de (discos refletores lineares Fresnel com a geração (calhas parabólicas coletoras e concentradoras em que o ar comprimido após a geração e na saída do compressor é direcionado para o campo solar, onde é pré-aquecido antes de entrar na câmara de combustão de turbinas a gás, sendo que o ciclo de vapor não é modificado).

18) In percentage terms (%) of the final efficiency of solar capture for generation in different ways (excluding generating and transmitting losses), in 2017, the best results, still and only thermal, obtained and detected, in order, in Almeria plants (Spain) and also in Las Vegas - Nevada (USA), according to serious and continuous diagnoses carried out by Universities and local companies, were:

• a) Parabolic power plants with hybrid generation of the PTC-GT type (“Parabolic Trough Collector” gutters, but to drive a gas turbine, GT type “gas turbine”) with an approximate 44% thermal pickup yield (collecting and concentrating parabolic gutters in which the compressed air after generation and at the outlet of the compressor is directed to the solar field, where it is preheated before entering the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, the steam cycle not being modified);
• b) Solar plants with mirrors and central towers also with hybrid generations of the CT-air type (Central Tower = Central Tower capturing the medium reflection / concentration of mirrors in the distance, but for compressed air) with 42% thermal capture efficiency (reflecting mirrors for central towers for heating and greater air pressure (see above);
• c) Parabolic power plants with simple steam generation of the PTC-DSG type (“Parabolic Trough Collector” gutters, but for direct heating of water to steam - DSG type “Direct Steam Generation”, simple and daytime - see after) with thermal capture efficiency of 32% (collecting and concentrating parabolic gutters with direct steam generation);
• d) Simple plants of the CT-DSG type (Central Tower = Central Tower, capturing the average reflection / concentration of mirrors in the distance, but for direct heating of water to steam - DSG type “Direct Steam Generation”, simple and daytime - see after with 30% thermal pickup yield (reflecting mirrors for central towers and with direct steam generation);
• e) Below were the final yields of the simple plants of the LFR-DSG type (linear Fresnel reflecting discs - type LFR “Linear Fresnel Reflectors”, but for direct heating of water to steam - DSG type “Direct Steam Generation” simple and daytime - see after) with thermal capture yield of 22% (Fresnel linear reflecting discs and with direct steam generation);
• f) Hybrid plants of the LFR-GT type (linear Fresnel reflector discs - type LFR “Linear Fresnel Reflectors” and driving a gas turbine - type GT “gas turbine”) with final thermal capture efficiency of only 9% of (linear reflector discs Fresnel with generation (parabolic troughs and collectors in which the compressed air after generation and at the outlet of the compressor is directed to the solar field, where it is preheated before entering the combustion chamber of gas turbines, with the steam cycle is not modified).

19) Thus, only with recent technologies plus the high efficacy of the uses of circulating thermal fluids - daily for up to 22 hours in a row or stored for night use, as in the modern and expensive current heliothermic solar plants (still isolated and not yet hybridized, as I propose in my patents) from large to giant sizes in the USA, Spain, Dubai and Japan etc ... or in pickup systems with small and medium-sized PTC parabolic plates (such as the oval and double PTCs of Ukrainian researcher Sergiy Yurko below more those of my future oval PTC gutter projects, internal as in a “greenhouse gutter” plus my others with external “greenhouse box” pickups ahead and above (80 to 110 cm away from the mouth of the same gutter), single, double or triple external or internal thermal concentrators (the current one already in the shape of a greenhouse gutter).

20) The concept of solar thermal production, collected by metal greenhouse boxes with a fixed bed (sand or asphalt) or fluidized (thermal fluids), as local thermal storage / enlargers and covering - totally or partially - their pipes or thermo-capturing tubes internal metallic materials (in copper, aluminum or steel), that is, without the arm ahead and above for thermal expansion by their respective PTC solar gutters, is recent. Obviously, the main objective is the possible great cheapness possible in mini, small and even medium projects of heating water or steam for home use isolated or group or condominium and / or swimming pools, via heat exchanges, programmed and well executed, of very hot water or thermal fluid circulating or stored in such greenhouse boxes with local natural waters still cold or even with the so-called “condensates” for future steam.

21) In practice, this my “modular solar thermal greenhouse box, modular and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected, will be much more modern and efficient than those already in research in several countries, in addition to being customizable by size ( from mini with 2 pickup modules with 1.0 m2 each and up to 1,000 liters of storage, to large ones with more than 10 modules with 1.0 m2 each and for at least 5,000 liters, or more) more by location more by its irradiance level over winds etc ...). With them, added together and in groups, it is also possible to generate solar electric energy, in a sufficient and economical way, much more viable and even more environmentally cleaner and sustainable (already much replacing nuclear, hydroelectric, coal-fired or fossil fuels) and for up to 22 hours / day in thermoflex systems or up to 24 hours / day when added to my future mini, small and medium hybrid systems of capture and solar concentration PTC plus my fast and highly efficient singaseifiers of dirty raw materials.

22) In the case of solar plants with only heliothermic catches (not photovoltaic “fireflies” or “sunflower” only during the day or for a few hours / day and in a strong expansion of deployments almost only in Brazil, already considered by some as outdated technical economically and even banned in China) large and giant and during the day (using the thermoflex system), the thermal energy captured in the mirrors and concentrated in the central tower is used by 60% -70% immediately - or at discretion local demand and also sales prices - to produce steam and generate constant and immediate electricity and the remaining 30% -40% go to continuously reheating the thermal fluid still warm at 45 ° C and coming from a triple system of large thermal tanks of concrete installed in the basement and / or surface metallic silos, to reduce losses and costs.

23) In a very similar way with my metallic and modular greenhouse boxes here and now proposed, the average lifetime of a PTC parabolic system / large solar concentrator is 20 to 30 years, according to studies by Researcher Sergiy Yurko at Ukraine - see below - not just up to 5 years of photovoltaic systems and maintenance and operating costs are very low (only between 5% and 10% of gross monthly revenue).

• a) Há poucos dias realmente ensolarados no ano, sobretudo nos países mais frios (apenas entre 5 e 21 dias na média de dezembro a fevereiro nos países do Norte);
• b) Mesmo nestes dias ensolarados, a captura real somente ocorre por 6 a 10 horas/dia;
• c) Mesmo durante este período, a captura eficaz, quase integral, se resume a apenas 4 a 5 horas/dia e isto somente em dias realmente ensolarados (isto é, sem nuvens, sem chuvas ou neblinas, sem neves, com pouca poeira ou areia, em locais sem sombras etc..);
• d) Também, as perdas de captura fotônicas são elevadíssimas (78% a 86%), mesmo utilizando novas compostos minerais mais outros materiais moderníssimos;
• e) As baterias para estocagens da energia fotovoltaica captada, mesmo com todas as dificuldades acima, chegam a custar metade do valor dos projetos e somente duram até 5 anos (prazo de validade concedido pelos fabricantes).

24) So, realistically, although little publicized, both direct solar and heating plate capture, as well as photovoltaic capture in panels / wafers for electrical generation already face at least five serious problems that are difficult to transpose, unless improving local photonic quality, via greater reflection (greater proven irradiance, not only possible, but already part of my patent for greater photovoltaic capture through the nearby reflective path - with natural refrigeration and without local thermality - in a special reflective cylinder), namely :

• a) There are few really sunny days in the year, especially in the coldest countries (only between 5 and 21 days on average from December to February in the Northern countries);
• b) Even on these sunny days, the actual capture only occurs for 6 to 10 hours / day;
• c) Even during this period, the effective capture, almost integral, is only 4 to 5 hours / day and this only on really sunny days (that is, without clouds, without rain or fog, without snows, with little dust or sand, in places without shadows, etc.);
• d) Also, the losses of photonic capture are very high (78% to 86%), even using new mineral compounds plus other very modern materials;
• e) The batteries for storage of the photovoltaic energy captured, even with all the above difficulties, come to cost half the value of the projects and only last up to 5 years (validity period granted by the manufacturers).

25) Proving everything from only photovoltaic electric capture, in September / 2018, the US Department of Engineering and Applied Science (UCLA) released the unprecedented result of development and manufacturing, in partnership with Chinese researchers, of a new record and revolutionary solar cell, built by a mixture of copper plus indium and gallium in triple layers, and with the record capacity to capture only 22.4% of the sun's incoming energy, that is, with very high real losses of 77 , 6% of capture (see article “new solar cell breaks efficiency record” on the website http://engenhariae.com.br/category/meio-ambiente/).

26) Furthermore, for the sake of the truth, in the case of solar captures still photovoltaic (that is, only electric) - very modern in giant plants, very expensive and distant as there are already in Brazil - there are strong technical and financial criticisms in China that very high losses from the captured electric transport reach 86% of the local generation at the plant, as in the following video of a plant in China and this already makes such projects unfeasible, according to the Chinese government. See below data from a large-scale photovoltaic plant (only daytime capture as in all recently implemented in Brazil) in China (200 MWh), but with an effective electric delivery rate of only 14.7%, due to the long distance to delivery - https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/amp/vert-fut-45766319.

27) In Brazil, also proving the high losses described above in PV = photovoltaic electrical systems, see the courageous master's thesis in Civil Engineering by UNIVATES (currently Vale do Taquari University in Lajeado - RS) in 2015 showing, comparing and proving, too with data from INMETRO, the real low captures in several homes in Lageado - RS between May and October 2015 for a number of factors. See: https://www.univates.br/bdu/bitstream/10737/932/1/2015MateusLongo.pdf (Thesis: “Analysis of the production of electric energy through photovoltaic systems connected to the grid installed in the city of Lajeado / RS” ). Main conclusions: ... "The efficiency of the two systems did not reach the expected mark" ... "The record of greatest efficiency occurred in the Univates system in July with 12.46%, below the 13.5% measured by the INMETRO that classifies the photovoltaic modules in this study as class A ”....” The lowest efficiency mark occurred in the residential system 85 in October (with actual capture) of only 7.75% which can be explained by the high incidence rain and cloudy days ”...
It was noticed that even in months where the radiation supply is high, the production of the systems did not correspond to what was expected due to high rainfall levels in the period.

28) Without entering into financial and generator merit, Brazil already has almost 40 small and medium-sized plants of the only photovoltaic type, obviously without batteries at the foot, thus installed at very low costs (nicknamed “firefly plants” or “sunflower plants” ”, As they only generate something and sell for up to 10 hours / day and as long as it is not cloudy) and in places with proven high daily irradiance (which can, at times, even compensate for such high losses, as described before in projects also photovoltaic in China where they are already being discouraged or banned (as they are plants right in the interior of the states of Brazil). There are, for example, two cheap plants by the Italian ENEL Green Power (ENEL Brasil), close to the city of Bom Jesus da Lapa - BA (BJL plant to capture 80 MWh plus Lapa plant for 78 MWh), totaling 158 MWh (very low cost of US $ 175 million - equal to US $ 1,100 thousand / 01 MWh and with 500 thousand panels, but only for photovoltaic collection and daytime).

29) In general, roughly and except for only thermal and generating losses of up to 65% to 80% (average final yield possible on PTC / DSG channels with final average direct steam generation from 20% to 32%) it is necessary to circulate about 450 liters per minute of thermal fluid at 550 ° C to generate 1.0 MWh of electricity in large heliothermic plants, offering this for 22 hours / day (equal to only very low 0.45 liters per minute / 01 KWh electric, that is , equal to only 27 liters per hour / 01 real electric KWh, remembering that from 03 to 05 KWht = 01 KWh electric, that is, up to 135 liters per hour / 01 KWh t is needed). This is what happens at the “Crescent Dunes” solar plant in Nevada (USA) with a circulation of 45,000 liters / minute heated and stored at maximum 550 ° C and returning to reheating with 288 ° C (thermal range 262 ° C), this is to generate 110 MWht (with consumption equal to 410 liters per minute / 01 MWht = 0.41 liters per minute / electric KWh as above).

30) Other calculations point to the need for 283 liters per minute of molten salt circulating at 650 ° C (although with a low range of use due to the high level of “freezing point”, see after) and with a recharge time in the total of gutters up to 12 minutes to generate 1.0 MWht = 0.28 liters per minute / real electric KWh or just 17 liters per hour / electric KWh = up to 85 liters per hour / thermal KWht (data from Osti and Sandia of the US Government more than Guangzhou Engineering School).

31) About the Thermoflex system - the most used by current medium and large heliothermic solar plants and generating for up to 22 hours / day -, in general, the modern heliothermic plants that capture and concentrate solar radiation to heat thermal fluids for direct supply or for strategic stocks use for control and operation this Thermoflex System (application and thermal management system) in which the production, storage and use of the fluid varies according to the hourly and daily irradiance in each location plus the demands and necessary hourly stocks (always looking to sell maximum of generateable energy or heat output and the maximum price). See page 13 of https://www.thermoflow.com/images/Solar%20Thermal%20Pamphlet%202 012.pdf.

32) In general, as described, in Thermoflex about 60% -70% of the thermal fluid reheated during times of greatest daily irradiance (in the case of “Crescent Dunes” for up to 9 hours in a row from 6:00 am to 3:00 pm / day with intensive capture for reheating) is destined for immediate or stock generation, following, obligatorily, the other 30% -40% for the storage in tanks from large to giant sizes (TES). At the other times of the same day, the generations come from the thermal fluid stored and for up to 12:30 hours in a row (total of 21:30 hours), but there is still a schedule, from 02:30 hours until 5:00 am (total of 02:30 hours) in which nothing is generated, not least because the electric consumer demand falls a lot in that period and the prices of electrical sales are low (in general, such times are used more for maintenance and transfers of cold thermal fluids) . Thus, in practice, half to two / thirds of the collecting field is used for distributive capture and programmed between 6:00 am and 3:00 pm / day = only 9:00 am / day (in some locations it is possible to capture up to at 17:00, totaling 11:00 hours / day). In conclusion, without a good, efficient and inexpensive storage system for evening and daytime uses, solar capture can become a socioeconomic / environmental fallacy or even reasons for continued trickery and cunning. However, it is still much better than wind or photovoltaic capture, where storage can still only take place via expensive batteries and with a short useful life. Easier and more competitive storage than via reheatable and circulating fluids from large to giant heliothermic solar plants or my PTC solar gutters in mini, small and medium plants - isolated or hybrid - are only stocks, in the forms of water dams in hydroelectric dams or SHPs, but this only until generation, especially if it is not alternating current, it is not yet stockpile.

33) Also, we have some old plants (more homely and building) that capture in the so-called solar discs ("solar dish") also heliostationaries that reheat small volumes of thermal fluid circulating in the same tree (disc) and from there they are transported to suitable tanks . Obviously, systems with Fresnel mirrors but with solar discs, in general, are much more expensive than those with PTC gutters.

34) In terms of thermal strip capture efficiency, comparatively and according to CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), flat plate solar collector systems (“Flat Plate” or FPC) are used in low temperature applications (up to 100 ° C) and only for the production of domestic hot water plus space heating, etc. Collectors in plates plus modular greenhouse boxes (“hot pipe” or ETC) are generally selected for applications such as solar coolers / chillers and for industrial heating (a most from 45 ° C to 60 ° C) and local internal heating (most from 30 ° C to 90 ° C), provided that the average temperature of the water heated in the system is below 180 ° C. Thus, at higher levels of operating temperature (for thermal fluids or ORC liquids), these my greenhouse boxes plus our multicaptor cylindrical solar tubes plus my solar collectors and PTC concentrators - as described above - are the only choice for according to several authors. See comparative diagnoses in January 2018 in “A Realistic Approach of the Maximum Work Extraction from Solar Thermal Collectors” at http://www.mdpi.com:8080/2571-5577/1/1/6/pdf.

35) The technical evolution and the mastery of PTC gutters to heat water or, better, reheat thermal fluid (and more modernly the very expensive organic fluids, type ORC) is such that many solar plants of all sizes, old or even recent, already are considered by most scientists to be outdated, although some types are still the fashion in Brazil. This includes those for heating only on plates with ET (modular greenhouse boxes or evacuated tubes) or plates with FP (flat plates) plus all photovoltaics, including batteries at the foot, and even some large heliothermic plants. size with collecting towers of small reflections / concentrations at a distance by its Fresnel mirrors or by solar discs (“solar dish” with circulating thermal fluid).

36) In addition, such very modern solar captures, much cheaper and much more efficient in such my modular greenhouse boxes, more in my PTC solar gutters of any size can be perfectly used also for the constant production of a lot of steam for electrical and / or generation. for heating or desalination (including after generations, if with salt water and before its recapture as "condensate") or even very hot water or steam up to 250 ° C, depending on the time and industrial use (the most common is to produce superheated water between 150 ° and 220 ° C or a lot of circulating or stocking thermal fluid up to 950 ° C, the current one with the best usable thermal range - see after - the LANLCX 500, stockable and usable up to 550 ° C).

37) In addition, most of the current non-commercial scientists are already convinced that solar thermal capture - in different forms, as in this “greenhouse box” or in multicaptor cylindrical solar tubes or PTC parabolic gutters and for various purposes - is often more efficient, cheaper and more beneficial, environmentally and socioeconomically for mankind than the old capture of direct heaters on photovoltaic plates or electrical panels (photonic capture losses of up to 85%, the recent mineral compound being more recent staff only captured 23% of the photons received, other than high losses and very high costs with transmission and final distribution, since most medium to large plants are located far from consumer centers).

38) In addition, see the following video demonstrating that both the production and the thermal storage of modern thermal fluids circulating up to 550 ° C (new imported brands LANLCX 500 or Paratherm MR) in modern “thermoflex” systems are much more effective than that photovoltaic capture for immediate use on site or by the so-called “firefly” or “sunflower” plants (which only operate during the day and for up to 10 hours / day, being only 4 hours / day with high effectiveness). In the modern and efficient “thermoflex” system with modern thermal fluids stored there is thermal production or continued generation for up to 22 hours / day. Such fluids are of increasing use and already participate - in isolation or hybrid with other sources - with about 80% of the current world generations, from small, large to giant projects - whether for heating water or producing industrial steam or energy steam . See more at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gDWE7- Uj5U & feature = youtu.be

39) Thus, currently, the previous PTC parabolic gutter, plus its technical advances in the form of oval paraboloids, cylindrical tubes and in this modular greenhouse and other forms, are already considered as the best technology for capturing and concentrating solar in the range of temperature up to 220 ° C for hot water for heating or daytime generation and up to 550 ° C for daytime and continuous reheating of thermal fluid for immediate use or to be stored and for the production of hot water or energizable steam. For higher temperature levels, and demanded generation, such PTC gutters are preferable to the sum of hundreds or thousands of solar discs (“solar dish”) or reflective mirrors of the Fresnel type (still widely used in old and large and giant heliothermic plants to generate 30 MWh to 1,200 MWh, where temperatures reach 1,200 ° C in the pickup tower, because the higher it is, the more it can be stored in the form of circulating thermal fluid at 550 ° C or up to 950 ° C ( “Molten salt”, less effective, but much cheaper) and thus generate much more and, better, also at night).

40) On the other hand, even more modern and effective will be my captures and thermal concentrations - I didn't see previous PTC solar gutters, with the same radius, whether single, double or triple (vertical / inclined stacks), but via this small, cheap one , simple and current “modular solar thermal greenhouse box in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected”. It will be used to reheat a lot of hot water from 60 ° C to 100 ° C (average of 80 ° C) or, preferably, a lot of circulating thermal fluid that can be stored at 370 ° C, slowly passing through 2 to 4, or much more, coil summed coils - 01 for each 1.0 m2 collector box - of copper with flow rate from 5/8 in. up to ¾ inches and about 15 m long each. Alternatively to copper, aluminum (hot water projects only) or stainless steel (projects for electrical generation or water heating or steam production, through reheating and circulation of thermal fluids) can be used.

41) Let us look at the main definitions and various operational situations of field projects with the use of refillable thermal fluids. The demands, offers, forms of use and storage and the results of the different thermal fluids in the different capturing systems, concentrators, stockers, circulators, pressers, transferors, indirect heaters etc., involve highly complex, local and individualized calculations, etc. for each location, equipment, brands of fluids plus their possible thermal ranges to use (range of operational use) plus their viscosities, enthalpies, rapid thermal capture and thermal transfer capacities, temperatures and pressures involved including local externals; internal pressures; speeds of supply or demand (in m / s) and volumes / masses of thermal fluid (in kg / s) to be offered / demanded; capabilities; speeds and forms of thermal fluid changes with cold or warm water or even with “condensate” (water recovered from circulating steam) etc.

42) Only, through the use of modern thermal fluids, in subsequent thermal exchanges with water to produce steam, such large and giant heliotothermic solar plants already achieve up to 98% total thermal efficiency and generate additional energy for up to 15 hours / day with the same initial thermal load, even without the capture of total solar radiation (example as in Gemasolar plants in Andalusia - Spain and Ivanpah of Google in the Mojave desert in California - USA). Altogether, in the “thermoflex” system with programmed storage, the electrical generations possible by turbinable steam, via loads and good fluid stores, are already generating for 22 hours / day in modern solar heliothermic or mixed plants (plants also used natural gas or LPG, which are still cheap, close and very polluting, especially in the Middle East).

43) So, unlike current photovoltaic electric pickup systems or other previous generating systems, the large and giant circulating thermal fluid renewer / storage system at medium to high temperatures is highly efficient, although sometimes still quite expensive due to the many losses and great distances involved. My proposal in this patent application is exactly to take advantage of this high, but still expensive, experience and efficiency proven in medium, large and giant heliothermic plants (albeit with high losses, needs for very high investments and with high operational / transport / distributive costs) and reduced them / improve them / make them cheaper to also heat / cool / generate via millions of mini and small local or group projects either with much smaller and even more efficient PTC gutters (more, as in my new modular solar thermal collector greenhouse and stewed.

44) These heliotothermic solar techno-operational forms of large and giant size, now in this my “modular solar thermal greenhouse box, modulated in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” can allow the capture and storage, internally, through reheated thermal fluid, circulating or stocking at up to 370 ° C in millions of homes, condominiums, leisure clubs plus swimming pools of any size, more in private and public buildings, agro-industries, industries, prisons, hospitals, airports etc. .. Also, such differentiated solar abstraction can be hybridized with my fast singaseifiers (patents also already required) and with only 7 minutes of transit to produce singles with about 35% hydrogen (plus only about 8% methane) and for 24 hours / day or just the most evening evenings of garbage, biomass, processing waste, food scraps and local faeces from residential / group / neighborhood / village / agro-industrial / building sources etc. m, there will be the continued production of a lot of heat fluid that can be heated up to 550 ° C in the singaseifier, almost a small volcano with incandescent lava, but circulating, renewable and under total control. Note: it cannot be confused with biodigesters to produce biogas with about 33% methane (plus only about 8% hydrogen), with high risks and very slow, since with a processing time of 17 to 41 days.

45) In general, in some large to giant heliothermic solar plants (generation above 30 MWh and for up to 22 hours / day) it is necessary to offer an average of only 0.90 liters per minute (54 liters / hour) of thermal fluid stored or circulating up to 650 ° C to heat steam to 100 ° C and already sufficient to generate 1.0 KWh electric (= 2.70 liters per minute / 01 thermal kwht).

46) When stored in adequate and non-circulating conditions, the hourly thermal losses of the superheated fluid are minimal. In general, medium- and large-size heli-thermal solar plants have low thermal losses when the fluids are under adequate storage in the TES systems already described (only about -3 ° C to -10 ° C per hour), although such losses rise to -26 ° C to -90 ° C per hour when in operation. The worst level occurs when used in thermal oil (fluid) to water transfer systems that are not yet as efficient. For example, this is what happens with only 4 hours of additional generation by the circulating thermal fluid in the form of the cheap and old “molten salt” - with a thermal range of 380 ° C, falling from 550 ° C, its melting point in this case , to still high 220 ° C, its freezing / solidification point in this case - and in just 4 hours, that is, with an average retreat of up to -90 ° C for 01 hour. Comparatively, at Google’s Ivanpah SEGs plant in the USA - one of the first in the world to be modern and efficient heliothermic (model for many later ones) and to generate 200 MW even with giant reflective mirrors / concentrators with a huge 15 m2 opening in the mouth and located far away of the final thermal capture still by central CT tower - up to 15 hours have already been reached, with a minimum of 8 hours, of generating thermal conservation with the same initial solar thermal load. This enabled up to 150 thermal generator loops (loops) in 15 hours with the same initial thermal load, partly with the Therminol VP-1 thermal fluid (Thermoflex model), to produce very hot water with a thermal range of that fluid of 387 ° C (maximum 400 ° C - minimum 13 ° C), thus, with minimum thermal losses of only -26 ° C in 01 hour (387 ° C / 15 hours, equal to 7.0% per hour). At the Andasol plant in Spain, the generator usage time with the same initial solar thermal load reached 10 hours before the necessary thermal recharge, thus, with possible thermal losses of -39 ° in 01 hour.

47) However, the use of cheap molten salts is more recent than other modern thermal chemical-mineral fluids - and even some super-refined vegetable oils - as cheap and direct thermal stockpiles, and thus also indirect electrical, which have promoted a growing, almost secretive and significant technical-economic and environmental revolution in the sustainable generation of a lot of electrical energy by the large and giant heliothermic solar source or by modulating solar metallic greenhouses or by my previous, mini, small and small PTC solar gutters. medium, or even by my fast singaseifiers of dirty raw materials, also with full production of circulating or stocking thermal fluids at 550 ° C modern fluids with a large exploitable thermal range (or at 950 ° C you could see “molten salt” with a smaller range usable thermal power) and in 2 to 3 ways (as provided for in my 03 patents for fast singaseifiers already required from this INPI) lcano II, in the following forms and sources: a) Internally in a very heat-stealing chamber, normally to be dispensed / discarded (which can reach 950 ° C at the top of the singaseifier when in full operation, most of which is naturally disposable and harmful to the local environment); b) Internally and contained / circulating in small / medium sized isolated / sealed and ascending spiral coil, glued / welded to the inside wall of the pyrolization chamber plus processing of said singas; c) Externally by burning singas produced in special burners (“fire tube”) to reheat - without direct contact - a lot of circulating thermal fluid, now up to 400 ° C. Such an achievable temperature is well above that of my metal greenhouses modular of this order of mine more in my 03 PTC solar gutters - from my previous patent applications - more of this my current metal solar greenhouse box solar thermal collector, all with reheatable fluid up to 370 ° C, apparently high, but that only remains one just above the temperature of 300 ° C of the external flame of the LPG gas in the stove burner (up to 250 ° C in the oven) and well below the paraffin of the candle burning at 600 ° C and still the matchstick burning up to 750 ° C (potassium chlorate).

48) In the “Thermoflex” system of most of the world's large and giant heliothermic solar plants, the internal temperature in the tower sometimes reaches up to 1,200 ° C, although the best commercial fluid can only be heated and used up to 550 ° C, as above it catches on fire or evaporates (“boiling point”) and, thus, many still reheat the old “molten salt” by up to 950 ° C because it is cheaper and because of the high thermal resistance provided, although with a lower usable thermal range. Such thermal fluid or “molten salt”, reheated, in a controlled and even triple way in such a tower, circulates afterwards through the heat exchanger (“heat exchanger” or “heat transfer”), producing steam and, afterwards, with the warm water being recovered (also called “condensate”) and for up to 15 hours / day (as at Google’s Ivanpah plant in the Mojave Desert - USA). Then, the hot fluid moves many cycles of steam / water / electricity up to 150 times - see before - with the same initial thermal load or even more experimentally (the most common is the more than boiling fluid to circulate for 6 to 10 hours until it is warm and then returning to the semi-warm tank still generating and which will then cool to room temperature or higher than its “freezing point” = solidification point in the cold tank).

49) After its use, the chosen cold fluid, driven by special pumps resistant to high heat, pressure and corrosion, will return to the reheating in the central heliothermic tower or in the metallic pipes of my mini, small and medium sized solar gutters, previous orders, or this my current cylindrical modular greenhouse box, ditto, solar. Thus, with much less risk of handling and much cheaper, most use the so-called liquid salt or "molten salt" and some more modern ones called the latest generation "thermal fluids". Without considering final sales prices and efficiencies in thermal dragging, the most modern thermal fluids currently available for these cases are the “Therminol VP II” from “Eastman” up to 400 ° C, since 2002, and the “LANLCX-500” from “Los Alamos National Laboratory” this most recent since 2012 and up to 550 ° C. However, even super refined soy or canola oil can be used, although only up to 300 ° C.

50) With this, through modern storage (TES) of any size and with heat fluid that can be heated and circulated for 6 hours up to 15 hours / day, without the need for immediate thermal recharge, as in my proposal for a “metallic thermal greenhouse box solar module and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected ”, it is possible to obtain an additional thermal from 08 to 16 hours / day, via stored thermal fluid, adding up to 22 hours / day of heating / reverse cooling by absorption or generations as possible by the “thermoflex” system. Such my current “modular solar thermal greenhouse box, modular and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” may produce heater results or hourly generators up to 6 times higher than current and current photovoltaic electrical capture (it became “fashionable”, even with losses of capture and transport) or solar heating via thermal capturing plates (ditto).

51) According to the same diagnostics of average fluid demands presented above, scientists Collier et all (1994) recommended a minimum speed of 2.5 meters / second (= 150.0 kg / minute) of circulating thermal fluid to obtain good volumes of energizable steam in boilers or evaporators in large generating plants. Thus, in terms of flow velocity, in an average plant, for example, the fluid velocity at 153 ° C and under an average pressure of high 80 bar for water preheating had to reach high 1.42 kg / s (85 , 2 kg / minute), but reducing to 1.10 kg / s already in the heat exchanger system (fluid at 362 ° C and 72 bar and then with the injection of water for steam).

52) Still comparing in another project, in terms of molten salt flow speed in a heliotérmica plant of the Czech Republic to generate 30 MW, the necessary transfer speed reached 1.24 m / second in the main supply system. Thus, this volume demanded was equivalent to only 0.041 meter / second (2.46 meters / minute) to generate 01 thermal MWht. With this, the necessary supply of the mass of “molten salt” was equal to about 448 kg / minute to generate 01 thermal MWht, in turn, equal to the mass of 0.45 kg / minute (27 liters / hour) of “ molten salt hot ”to generate 01 thermal KWht. This final data confirms the various data above and also below, obtained in the field of double PTC gutters of the projects of Researcher Sergiy Yurko in Ukraine and northern Europe, although still with gutter collectors / reflectors / solar thermal concentrators of the PTC type, but with thermal pickup pipes far from the reflecting base and not internal as in our order.

53) In 2016, data from the University of Bilbao (Spain) on a small heli-thermal plant with solar gutters (generation of only 2.3 MWh electric) showed that the average flow of heated fluid offered decreased from a high 2.90 kg / s (= 10.4 ton / hour / 2.300 KWht) in the month of June, equal to only 4.54 kg per hour / 01 KWht (in places with average irradiance around 930 w / m2 between 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm ) to 2.72 kg / s in the average of the month of July (in places with average irradiance around 900 w / m2 between 13:30 h and 15:00 h).

54) According to NREL in 2003 (US Government), in most CSP / TES plants, the ideal fluid speed was 1.5 meters / second of circulating fluid and already super heated (= 90 meters / minute), but, in the heat exchanger, it operated with a speed of 3.0 meters / second. Thus, the necessary flow of thermal fluid for a maximum storage of 6 hours to promote another 62 generator loops in a plant with parabolic rails to generate 55 MWh was 879.0 kg / s (= only 57.5 kg hour / 01 KWht). When thermal fluid was used at only 110 ° C, the necessary transfer speed reduced to just 2.4 meters / second equal to 144 m / minute and 8.6 km / hour. When the temperature increased to 250 ° C, the necessary speed reduced to just 1.3 m / s, equal to 78 m / minute and 4.7 km / hour.

55) In 2017, in a large heliotérmica plant to generate 100 MWh near Madrid (Spain), the necessary speed of 2.53 meters / second (equal to 152 m / minute) of the fluid in the evaporator and the fluid demand were reached hot amounted to 0.81 m / s equal to 810.0 kg mass / second (29.2 kg / hour to generate each 01 thermal KWht).

56) Turning my gaze to the very modern heliothermic solar power plants plus this my internal modular greenhouse thermal collector greenhouse and stuffed more for my future PTC solar gutters (previous patent applications), all with high level of thermal concentration and to be customized by demands, more local costs of use - more for my future hybridized solar capture systems above, if possible, added locally with my fast and highly sufficient singaseifiers of dirty raw materials - it seems that there is a determined average correlation / ratio of 7, The steam produced for = 1.0 fluid / 01 effective electric KWh (as will be seen later in a project also with PTC thermal troughs by the University of Lahore - Pakistan).

57) Thus, there would be an average need of only 1.0 liter of circulating thermal fluid to reheat for the average production of 4 to 10 liters of steam (average of 7.0 liters), capable of generating from 01 KWh electric to 02 KWh electric (in general, 0.17 to 0.45 = average 0.31 liters / minute of circulating thermal fluid - see before - to generate 01 electric KWh). This is also proven by the average of several projects already implemented in some locations, thus the countless necessary local calculations, according to the different types of equipment and fluids used, more than more demanding places, etc.

58) In comparative terms of “versus” demands of thermal fluid per minute for electrical generations in small and medium-sized projects (isolated paraboloid gutters, capturing from 9 to 12 hours / day - from 06:00 to 18 at the latest: 00 hours - or in this my modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box) they will be able to operate for 15 to 22 hours / day still in isolation and for up to 24 hours / day if and when in hybrid form with my local dirty raw materials , groups or neighbors, of which 4 types already have patent applications in progress at this INPI, operating in the same location for 15-24 hours / day). In the case of my fast singaseifiers, already with patent applications (isolated or hybrid, locally, with this solar with more possible wind power, ditto PCH and ditto microgenerations in river currents, small falls etc.), heating / cooling or generation it can reach 30 straight hours with the same initial load of so-called dirty raw materials (waste, biomass, leftover food, debris, waste, sewage, animal and human feces, etc., as long as previously well pre-dehydrated and preheated).

59) Obviously, the steam produced by the rapid thermal exchange of thermal fluid circulating between 45 ° C and 370 ° C is the main objective foreseen in my new patent application for “highly reflective solar modular thermal collector metallic greenhouse box / thermal concentrator internal and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected ”with capture, reflection and internal thermal concentration still isolated, that is, not yet hybridized with the possible local and very rapid singaseification of local / group / village waste (also, optionally, to produce a lot of water hot and / or hot steam for heating and / or desalination).

60) Now operating slowly with capture, reflection and internal thermal concentration and with 02 to 10 modular greenhouse boxes with coil coiled in the form of pickup pipes in copper, aluminum or steel in 3/8 in. to 3/4 in., internal and close to the pickup center and with cold or warm water (recoverable or not) and, mainly, if for a lot of circulating thermal fluid, it can offer even more hot water for local heating (swimming pools or for the demand total of a residence, condominium, industry, neighboring buildings, etc.) or hot and pressed steam for industrial use or electrical generation, obtained by the continuous passage, slow or at medium speed and without direct contact of the rising water by the heat exchangers (“ heat exchanger ”), containing circulating and descending thermal fluid.

61) It is also worth remembering that this thermal fluid - in my future “modular solar thermal collector greenhouse in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” - can circulate fully and continuously for up to 22 hours / day (out of a total from 9 to 12 hours / day of good solar capture at most from 06:00 to 18:00 hours). In that period, about 60% to 70% of the production offered of very hot fluid - only in this case of small and medium electrical / thermal demands / reverse local or group cooling, but for 24 hours / day - will be destined for immediate uses and / or for airtight or protected storage in special tanks or in fiber cement thermal boxes located in the subsoil or in neighboring land (thus, with minimal thermal losses). This has already been achieved, perfectly, in several small projects with previous PTC solar parabolic gutters with wide mouth and only with 01 to 02 thermal collector pipes with up to 1.0 inch in diameter, located between 10 and 15 cm above your mouth (still non-elliptical oval with straight base and with modular greenhouses / internal collection pipes) especially in the region of Almeria - Spain, where a large hotel plus an airport, idem, already partially operate in these ways - see below -, also in several other similar projects, all well described and well examined at the end.

62) Thus, it is clear that the greater the possible volume of thermal fluid production, really hot or even warm, if with more reservoirs, that can be diverted from 30% to 40% of the volume and for up to 12 hours / day - at most from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm - for greater storage, the greater the night generations in the same plant. Optionally, and perhaps better, in small and medium projects, you can double or even triple the collector / reflector / concentrator field (which can be cheaper and more practical), leaving up to 90% of the field (not for each equipment) with all my current “greenhouse boxes” or my parabolic gutters or cylindrical tubes, former, for daytime collections and storage, but for more nocturnal evening uses or staying as a strategic reserve for heating and generations on cloudy days, with shadows etc. Only 10% of the field (not of each equipment) with my special solar collector systems above - cheap, small and summable / interconnectable - would be for collections / concentrations and immediate and daytime generations for only 6 to 12 hours / day.

63) Also, in the Ukrainian solar projects detailed at the end, still in parabolic gutters now double and of the PTC type by Researcher Sergiy Yurko - as follows, although with a thermal collection box far from the reflecting base and not internal as in this order of our greenhouse box modular solar thermal collector, the technical-economical superiority of double PTC parabolic solar gutters has been proven up to 10 times more than current solar catches by Evacuated modular greenhouses or Pipe modular greenhouses (“ET = Evacuated Tubes” or “HP Hot Pipe”) and flat plates (“Flat Plate”).

64) In local / microregional and future energy hybridism (still starting in the world), the trend is for a strong increase in small and medium rural, urban or peri-urban projects - cheap, isolated or connected to the network (“grid-in” or “systems” grid-tied ”) and for own uses and even for sales of surpluses. The perfect technical and hourly sum will occur for the production of heating and / or hybrid generations of local residential, condominiums, leisure clubs, any swimming pools, agro-industrial, micro-regional and even building, etc., all in a hybrid form of daytime sunlight in this current box -modulating solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse or in my previous PTC gutters or for thermal fluid up to 370 ° C plus the rapid singaseification of dirty raw materials, local or from neighbors or nearby towns or cities, for generations for 24 to 36 hours in a row, via summed and circulating / stored thermal fluids, now up to 550 ° C.

65) Let us now look at more detailed analyzes on obtaining more on DEMANDS and the uses of reheatable and circulating thermal fluids for heating, reverse coolers or immediate and daytime electric generators or for storage for evening and night uses.

66) In 2013, in an external comparison of the necessary thermal demands, studies carried out by the well-known US Government OSTI (page 48 of https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1111584/) pointed to the demand ( not the flow speed) of only 0.17 liters per minute (only 10 liters / hour) of hot thermal fluid at 350 ° C (still “molten salt”) for the production of 1.0 KWh electric (equal to 41.41 m3 per hour to generate 100 MWh).

67) Studies carried out in the Sandia laboratories in the USA have reported a demand of just 0.28 liters / minute of thermal fluid (still “molten salt”) equal to about only 17 liters / hour also to generate 1.0 KWht.

68) At the “Crescent Dunes” solar plant in Nevada, USA, the estimated demand was only 0.20 liters / minute of molten salt, equal to just 12 liters / hour, stored at 566 ° C (refills at 288 ° C ) to generate 1.0 KW (equal to 1.00 liters per minute to generate 01 KWht).

69) In 2012, I was diagnosed by Sangotayo. IT'S THE. et, published by Shivaji University of Kolhapur (India), in a project already with a PTC parabolic chute for air heating (not water or heating or generations) for residential and industrial use, much more demanding constant thermal (for fast drying of foods flours, starch etc ... or leaves like smoke, tea etc ...) the ideal flow of just 0.036 kg / s (2.16 kg / minute or 129 kg / hour) of circulating thermal fluid has been reached. See: https://www.ijream.org/papers/ICSGUPSTMAE004.pdf

70) In 2014, on the other hand, and complementarily, let us see an important comparative test carried out on the specific OFFERS of thermal fluid and hot steam, etc., carried out by scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, more by several Chinese and Mongolian Universities ( see “The Badaling 1MW Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power pilot plant” at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82779621.pdf) for the real generation of 01 MWh in 03 long lines (loops) with 600 m in length of each line with special parabolic gutters with daily east-west traction and in a location with a wind incidence of 13.8 m / s. Each metallic gutter - with a high probability of reflection also in “mylar” type aluminum foil - had a giant opening in the mouth of 5.8 meters and with a great focal distance of 1.71 m from its mouth to its collection point solar thermal. The reflective and concentrated solar thermal capture was effected by the SINGLE absorber pipe per channel 4.1 meters long each (thus, each line with possible 150 channels per line = 600 m / 4.1 m and with up to 450 total channels in the field with such 3 lines, thus generating, on average, 1.8 real electric KWh per single SINGLE gutter - in addition to the previous one and still with a modular greenhouse box that is still UNIQUE and very far from the mouth - and totaling 1.0 MWh of electricity. total field) and with a diameter of 70 mm (= 2.5 inches) of each absorber / pusher / conveyor. Comparatively - and well confirming the results obtained above, although previous and somewhat outdated technically in Badaling 2014, with the data below in a similar project, but already improved and recent 2017-2018 in Ukraine, plus also the high potential pickups / generators of my previous patents for 03 parabolic gutters also PTC more of this order for my current metal greenhouse box solar collector solar modulável internal and stuffed - I quote now that the double PTC gutters of Ukrainian researcher, Sergiy Yurko - see at the end -, generate about 0.98 real electric KWh for each. They are much smaller and much more effective than those of Badaling, with 2.00 m in length and opening in the mouth of only 80 cm and with a focal distance of 90-110 cm, depending on the location, from its base to the box thermal capture above and below.

71) Thus, in Badaling, Yanging province (China), such captured and circulating or stored fluid acted on water = condensate recovered at 104 ° C (above the vapor point) and at 4.1 Mpa = 41 bar, producing 6,500 kg / hour (6.5 ton / hour, that is, with a certain ratio or correlation of 06:01 = 6,500 kg of steam / 102 kg / liters of fluid) of hot steam at 375 ° C and with a pressure of 32 bar (3.2 MPa). Thus, there was a continuous supply of only 0.11 kg / minute of steam to generate 1.5 KWht (total of 1.0 MWh electric). The production of steam was sufficient to produce 1.5 MWht, but, it generated, specifically, high 1.0 MWh electric and this in turbines with low efficiency of only 13% of thermal transformation in electric (those of Yurko research reach 20% ). The flow of thermal fluid needed reached 99.4 m3 / hour to generate 1.0 real electric MWh via steam obtained by thermal fluid, which had a pressure of 30 bar (3.0 mpa) and was heated to 393 ° C. This volume was equal to just 1.7 liters / minute (average of 102 liters / hour to generate 1.5 KWht and possible 90.0 liters / hour for 1.0 MWh electric - my standard and comparative basis).

72) In Brazil, in my previous patent application for TRIPLE solar gutter in paraboloid and anterior PTC and with EXTERNAL thermal collection in a special “greenhouse box”, the one with 12 pipes in ¾ inch. (no more 6 from the previous DOUBLE channel), located between 80 cm and 110 cm ahead and above (recent patent applied for), the initial OFFER between 0.70 and 0.90 liters / minute = average of 0.80 liters / minute of fluid at 370 ° C to generate 01 electric KWh, that is, an average of only 48 liters / hour.

73) In conclusion, the best thing is that, via fluid, it is possible to heat or generate for up to 24 / hours a day, even on cloudy days, due to the constant existence of a lot of stored thermal fluid, even though my hybrid projects are not yet with fast singaseification of biomass, garbage, debris, faeces, etc. Here, we remember that the AVERAGE DEMAND of hot circulating or stored thermal fluid, well described and calculated above, in the various field projects in other countries and already with parabolic gutters for electrical production was 20 liters = kg / hour to generate each 01 KWh (between 10.0 kg / hour at 29.2 kg / hour). So, THE OFFER of thermal fluid above 40 liters / hour for 05 gutters would be enough to generate 02 KWh in a good project, enough to electrify up to 06 neighboring homes with a middle class standard for 24 hours / day and with an average daily consumption of 350 watts / hour, however, still necessarily connected to the network.

74) After the thermal collection in this my new modular solar thermal collector metal greenhouse, everything will always be stored at the bottom of the same greenhouse in two ways depending on the type of reheated liquid (circulating chemical thermal fluid or simple, non-recoverable water or water condensed and recoverable). Note: we just do not expect to continuously reheat more stock and recover the new ORC fluids of the steam rankine generation, as this is a very expensive technology.

75) The stockers will be timed with water up to 220 ° C or circulating thermal fluid up to 550 ° C, captured on a recurring basis for 6 to 12 hours / day until cool and re-heated (the next day). Thus, such strategic and well-made stocks are configured as a thermal reserve to be used for the continuity of the production of very hot water or daily steam, even after the daily solar abstraction ceases or on rainy, cloudy days, with shadows, dust etc. For this, we will use both the commercial types of Therminol VP 1 for up to 400 ° C or the LANLCX-500 ”for up to 550 ° C, as well as the cheap“ molten salt ”common for up to 950 ° C (this with a much smaller range thermal as described above and most used in large projects) and possibly even vegetable thermal fluids such as soy or canola oil, these, however, with a thermal range of only 300 ° C and low thermal range for uses.

76) The diagnostic video of the following link by the Indian Institute of Sciences proves that indirect electrical storage, via modern heatable thermal fluids, is much more effective than storing photovoltaic electricity, these already with initial losses of up to 85% in photonic capture and can only be stored in expensive batteries with only 5 years guarantee of perfect functioning (short service life). See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gDWE7-Uj5U&feature=youtu.be

77) During sunny days, diagnoses indicate that between 10 am and 4 pm, the loss of temperature of water and / or thermal fluid well stored in good thermal and airtight tanks (necessarily in 304 steel for both water hot, as for storage of thermal fluids) can be only - 1 ° C per hour, and in some cases, when in use, it reaches -30 ° C / hour), that is, even during the afternoon and at night, good storage can be maintained until its final use. In Ukraine (Field projects in very cold places and with few real sunny days and with low level of daily hourly capture), the Researcher Sergiy System - albeit with a thermal collection box far from the reflecting base and not internal as in my current order “modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box, describes that“ there were only accumulated thermal losses and added -24.2% in 90 days (-16.8% in accumulated daily storage and for 90 days and -7.4 % in the transport in the external pipes from the PTC parabolic gutters to their consumption locations.

78) Daily, in the period between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm, that is, of 3 continuous hours with greater solar thermal capture, or even more when economically possible and according to hourly demands, isolated or joint (if possible, captures by up to 11 hours / day from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, because even with few photons at some times there is still a lot of internal thermality to capture on the planet at times with less light, even as a result of diffuse natural and environmental warming more of the natural thermal reflections by several local bodies (more so-called “greenhouse effect”), the computational system of measurement and thermal storage will distribute, as already described, releases between 60% and 70% of the production of water or thermal fluid in constant reheating for storage in the rear of its own steel box.

79) In the case of hot water between 150 ° C and 250 ° C for different purposes, produced in the various systems already with more patent applications in this my “modular solar thermal collector greenhouse, ideal storage and much cheaper, as above, will be located in their own greenhouse boxes located very close to the demands or internal in the basement, as already successfully adopted in the very cheap projects of continued heating and still guaranteed by previous PTC parabolic gutters, but for many months of autumn and winter - residential, building, condominium, industrial - and in many countries by Researcher Sergiy Yurko from Ukraine.

80) The impulse of all cold, warm or hot water or of the thermal fluid, ditto, will be via thermal injectors / compressors in 304 steel or similar with double stage and with speed controls and with low, very low, flows if not water does not heat up properly (to withstand medium to high pressure at higher temperatures involved, remembering that cold or warm water to heat above 104 ° C, its ideal steam point, and up to 336 ° C, its flash point, it needs to be well contained and under high pressure of up to 45 bar and at low flow speed of only 4.0 to 20.0 liters / minute). Here it is good to remember that the final thermal and volumetric success of each of my complete greenhouse boxes, whether of the necessary circulating fluid or hot water, will depend much more on its low, highly controlled passage speed, on the flow in the internal spiral coils of each collection box. thermal with 1.0 m2 more of the internal temperature actually reached in each pipe capturing each spiral coil with 15 m of pipe each and, mainly, the quantity, length, width and thickness of the wall of each pipe contained in this mine " modular solar thermal collector greenhouse box ”. See manufacturing data at the end.

81) On the other hand, the best results of propelling super hot water or thermal fluid are those obtained with special steel thermal pumps and high thermal resistant ones, to measure high pressure and low to medium flow velocity (perhaps, together with their valves special retention systems, the biggest secrets of the successes of each chute) - most imported unfortunately - for solar and TOPSFLO TS5-15PV type capture systems, capable of pumping at least 4.0 liters / minute of fluid or hot water (equal to 240.0 liters / hour). Although more difficult, they can also be obtained in special stores in Brazil or fully imported through e-bay or aliexpress. Pumps can also be used, depending on local prices and efficiencies, such as the “Viking C32” to boost hot water at 300 ° C or the “MVV Asco VL805” to boost thermal fluid at 550 ° C. flows, they can be imported from China - some already available in the Mercado Livre Brasil, like this one for 12 liters / minute = 720 liters / hour. See: https://produto.mercadolivre.com.br/MLB-912137026-bombasubmersa-12v-para-transferencia-de-oleo-diesel-e-agua-_JM?quantity=1 - cheap pumps in stainless steel alloys with good thermal resistance plus plastic-metal and that act in a submerged way to transfer oils and water or cold or warm thermal fluid up to 2.5 m to 7.0 m rise in pressure of 25 PSI, boosting at 8,500 rpm, even operating at 12 V and with consumption of 18 W, but transferring for only 10 hours / day, which, in general, requires the installation of at least 2 pumps in parallel and controlled by a good quality and easy to program “dimmer”, since that without load losses when power failures.

82) To control all the ideal flow (volume, speed and pressure) of the entrance and exit of the thermal fluids from this my modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box or its combined sets - very hot, warm or already cold - more tanks, “each other” or each one for the thermal fluid heat exchanger for circulating cold or warm water (without direct contacts) - there will be a series of special thermal valves - retainers in the beginning system at least 15 bar and temperature controllers operational output flow at the end, also for retentions, in ideal or necessary flows, temperatures and speeds, and in 316 steel, 304 steel or similar (resistant to high temperatures of up to 550 ° C, as needed) and with solenoids and controllers, compensators and drivers, powered by hourly dimmers, well regulated and without loss of measurement in the event of power outages, or activated electronically and / or by specific hardware and software with several simultaneous measurements and to adapt the storage of circulating fluids to the necessary flows, according to the schedules, the necessary temperatures and the offers and demands.

83) After being used on your first daily trip, when applicable, the circulating thermal fluid, but already cold or warm (minimum of 36 ° C = “freezing point”) will return in a programmed and constant daily manner for immediate thermal recharge or the next day until my “modular solar thermal greenhouse box in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” now, on the way back, already in modular greenhouses, with at least 15 meters of single spiral coil tube in copper, aluminum, 304 steel in 3/8 to ¾ inch for each thermal capture box / storage with 1.0 m2 each, now pressed by special pump with solenoid. In the case of use to produce a lot of very hot water - non-circulating - or heating / cooling with it, there will be only one use and no return, as it may not compensate locally, except in the much more expensive electrical generations with vapor recovery to produce the “Condensed”, that is, recovered warm water.

84) The other storage adjustment systems and the exchange of hot or warm or cold water from the tanks “between themselves” and these with this my solar modular greenhouse solar thermal collector, using solenoid valves more than suitable transport in modular greenhouses / special pipes from the waters above converge - while still in a closed circuit - to the same items and shapes used for transporting super hot water or previous thermal fluid. However, in this case, there is no heat exchanger necessary for the possible production of steam, energizable or not, since such water is already pressed and at these high temperatures (between 150 ° C and 250 ° C) it becomes steam that is easily pressed (or can be pressed later). , when released from the system and after full contact with natural air.

85) Thus, both the hourly offers foreseen for very hot water or for too much thermal fluid for this my current request for “modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box” this in the form, final, of homemade hot water for isolated residential use (baths more dishwashers, washing machines, taps, etc.), building, agro-industrial or for clubs or leisure (pools, saunas, hot tubs, hydro baths, “bath tubes” etc.); or energetic steam (rankine electric generations in small tesla turbines, simple and cheap Indian or the very expensive national ones) are entirely consistent and possible, provided with the implementation of the best technologies, with the best materials and many tests, step by step , bench and natural. Both the energy vapor and the water heating, to be obtained only by solar capture in my current modular greenhouse solar thermal collector box, that is, not yet hybridized with my fast evening and night singaseifiers with the same purposes and in the same place / neighbors - will be produced by the circulation or storage of such thermal fluid between 45 ° C and 370 ° C in the integral, connected and dependent parts of the same channel (not by isolated systems), because only in the fast singaseifiers this thermal fluid reaches 550 ° C and molten salt up to 850 ° C.

86) Concluding this item, it is always advisable to have good stocks of hot thermal fluids to meet not only the normal demands in the night hours, but also the demands on cloudy days or with low abstractions or even the many hourly demands for sales at higher prices. At certain times, electrical or heating / cooling consumption can increase by 50% compared to the average at times of greatest consumption from 10:00 am to 9:00 pm, including the so-called “peak load” from 6:00 pm to 9:00 pm: 00 hours, but after reducing about 30% compared to the average demand-voucher from 21:00 to 6:00 in the morning of the following day.

87) As described, such reheatable fluids are also used in my proposal for small capture and rankine electrical generation or direct heating or reverse cooling or desalination etc., with few in the world already working in this form of capture by capturing metal greenhouse solar and modular, even if rural or peri-urban. Also, as far as I researched on my current and mandatory external technological road-map for this patent application, no project has yet been proposed or released or officially implemented in the hybrid format of two to five times local or neighboring sources, added and initial, that here I propose and for local or group / building / condominium or micro-regional / municipal use. As already described, I propose the hourly and technical fusion in the same place or neighbors between solar thermal captures for fluids circulating up to 550 ° C produced in my 04 types of PTC solar gutters, already with patents applied for, and for daytime uses more for this current modular greenhouse solar thermal collector box, with the same fluids now produced at up to 550 ° C ADDED / HYBRIDED with my 03 types of fast waste singasifiers, biomasses and their processing residues, dehydrated feces, food scraps etc. ., in this case for collection and afternoon or night use or for 24 hours / day). The entire generation will occur by the subsequent heating of water by such fluids (controlled and rapid thermal changes) and to produce a lot of steam for normal and non-ORC rankine cycle.

88) In addition to liquid salt or molten salt, there are several commercial brands of thermal fluids and salts already tested in solar plants and in other forms, according to diagnoses by Kearney and Hermann in 2002. See more comparative data of the main fluids at http://pointfocus.com/images/pdfs/saltw-troughs.pdf. Some are available in Brazil.

89) In the case of the use of simple, cheap and ancient normal liquid salt (“molten salt”), its heating is at least 550 ° C (there are some to 950 ° C) and the exchange capacity at 300 ° C is good (1,495 j / kg K), but its freezing point is operationally bad, as it is very high (220 ° C), that is, well above the water boiling point of 100 ° C (“boiling point”) and, thus, allows few generating cycles with the same initial thermal load. In the case of this my current patent application for a metal solar greenhouse box solar collector that can be modulated inside and inside, the achievable and expected temperatures from 60 ° C to 100 ° C (hourly average of 80 ° C on non-cloudy days and without rain) they will be well below (almost half) the thermal point of supply of super hot water from 150 ° C to 220 ° C, already proven, achieved by the double PTC parabolic gutters of the Ukrainian project of Researcher Sergiy, cfe. next and at the end (see links with films). With this, the use of the previous liquid salt and, mainly, of modern thermal fluids would allow the achievement of much less hours of work and less recurrent steam / water cycles, unless the reheating productivity of the entire system, in liters per minute of liquid salt or fluid, is high and sufficient to provide many daily changes.

90) But, in the modern and much more efficient thermal fluids, the special thermal fluid “LANLCX-500” that recently surpassed the Therminol VP - see before and after - plus the old Hitec XL and the Syltherm 800, this one more cheap and also with a good thermal range to explore from 40 ° C to 400 ° C, almost equal to that of Therminol VP II. 102) As already described, without considering final sale prices and efficiencies in thermal dragging, the most modern thermal fluids for these cases are “Therminol VP II” from Eastman Company up to 400 ° C, since 2002, and “LANLCX- 500 ”from Los Alamos National Laboratory, this most recent since 2012 and up to 550 ° C. However, even super refined soy or canola oil can be used, although only up to 300 ° C.

91) In 2002, Therminol VP-1 thermal fluid (manufactured by “Eastman Chemical Company”) was the one with the greatest capacity for immediate heat exchange at 300 ° C (2,319 j / kg K) and also the one that held the lowest solidification point at 13 ° C (“melting point” or “freezing point”), but its maximum working temperature, that is, its maximum heating only reaches about 400 ° C (“boiling point”). Thus, its thermal range was high (although smaller than that of the “LANLCX-500”) and 387 ° C (400 ° C - 13 ° C) and its minimum point (“freezing point”) was excellent, because it could pass easily and often through the water vapor point (100 ° C).

92) For the proper cases and in medium and large projects with my “greenhouse box”, for good electrical and / or refrigeration production or large volumes of super hot water or rural or industrial steam, although more expensive, the “LANLCX 500” may be the best, since it can be used, controlled and continuously with a useful range of up to + 510 ° C, that is, between + 40 ° C (“freezing point” with fluid in the form of ice very + 550 ° C (“melting point” or “boiling point”). Even if we consider the ideal temperature of + 40 ° C for the fluid already cold and circulating at the entrance, the thermal range to be explored in the production of hot water for various purposes or energizable steam will be excellent and 505 ° C (550 ° C - 45 ° C), making it possible to pass through the water vapor point at 100 ° C several times. This will happen both in this new metal solar greenhouse box that is solar collapsible, internal and stuffed - from my current patent application - or from my 03 gutters. parabolic and paraboloid solar panels or my solar multi-adapter cylindrical tube, all with patents previously applied for, such as, mainly, in my fast singaseifiers of dirty raw materials. See more data on the “LANLCX-500” at https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/01/f7/csp_review_meeting_0 42413_obrey.pdf.

93) Hitec-XL (concentrated calcium nitrate also called special and improved "molten salt", probably cheaper) from Coastal Chemical Co. has intermediate heat exchange at 300 ° C (1,447 j / kg K) and also has a good low solidification point of 130 ° C (“melting point”) - that is, very close to the necessary 100 ° C of water for steam. Thus, it allows to produce vaporisable water, but already at 130 ° C (requires less time in the heat exchanger, thus reducing generation cycles with the same initial thermal load) -, but its maximum working temperature reaches 500 ° C. Thus, in projects, it can achieve an optimal thermal fluctuation (“range”) of + 370 ° C (+ 500 ° C - 130 ° C), which allows its circulating use for many hours plus the range of several steam / water cycles, using special heat exchangers for very hot or warm thermal fluid “versus” water at room temperature.

94) However, in the economic aspect of thermal storage costs, in US $ / KWh, Therminol costs about 2.5 times higher than Hitec-XL and up to 10.0 times higher than liquid salt "molten" common salt ”(according to D. Kearney of Kearney & Associates plus U. Hermann of Nava Flaberg Solar International).

95) For more information on efficiencies and other fluids and other salts (such as Dowtherm, Paratherm, Marlotherm, Syltherm, Mobiltherm, Haloglass etc.) access: http://sterg.sun.ac.za/wpcontent/uploads/2011 /08/HTF_TESmed_Review_2013_05_311.pdf more at http://www.academia.edu/4060172/HOT_OIL_SYSTEM_DESIGN_GUIDE Also, see the excellent presentation below: https://sfera2.sollab.eu/uploads/images/networking/SFERA%20SUMMER% 20SCHOOL% 202014% 20-% 20PRESENTATIONS / Heat% 20Transfer% 20Fluids% 20and% 20storage% 20-% 20Xavier% 20Py.pdf.

96) Also, soy, sunflower, canola and other oils can be used - in some cases with good benefits / costs - as pickups and thermal stockpiles, as long as they are super refined and with good thermal controls on the equipment, this is due to their low points boiling point, but with high combustible power (soy oil has a boiling point of only 300 ° C). The heat transfer capacity of new soybean oil is twice that of used oil. Canola oil transfers even more heat. http://www.dpijournals.com/index.php/JPSR/article/viewFile/979/847. Beneficially, the viscosity of soybean oil is higher than that of modern mineral oils and fluids, but its cooling time is much shorter than that of mineral oils. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1104&conte xt = mengin_fac.

97) As described, the demands, offers, forms of use and storage and results of the various thermal fluids in the different capturing systems, concentrators, stockers, circulators, pressers, transferors, indirect heaters etc., involve highly complex, local and individualized calculations , etc .. This involves good studies and tests of each location, equipment and brand of the fluid plus its possible thermal ranges to use (range of operational use) plus their viscosities, enthalpies involved, rapid capture and thermal transfer capabilities, temperatures and pressures involved including local externals; internal pressures; speeds (in m / s) and volumes / masses of thermal fluid (in kg / s) to be offered; capabilities; speeds and forms of thermal fluid changes with cold or warm water or even with “condensate” (water recovered from circulating steam) etc.

98) Moving forward in operational terms, in my future projects in Brazil all the final production of steam for heating or partial cooling (via local absorption chiller) or energizable will occur by a “heat exchanger” system between the circulating thermal fluid and overheated with water cold or warm offered (automatic equipment, electronically controlled and in 316 steel or 304 steel or similar (resistant to high temperatures of up to 550 ° C, if of modern thermal fluids) - without direct contact - for steam production with different purposes, either in the form of a modular fire box (“fire tube”) or a normal heat exchanger (“heat exchanger”).

99) In Brazil, there are already good manufacturers, although they are still expensive compared to those that can be imported through Alibaba or Amazon or Alibaba wholesale websites - they all deliver to Brazil, which is not the case with e-bay -, as long as they are actually delivered in Brazil and within 60 days. Thus, there are also some national brands on the market, some of which are even controlled by nanotechnologies or special reading and operating software.

100) There are good heat exchangers (heat exchanger) or heat transfer from thermal fluid to hot water or steam on offer (such as those from termoteck, bermo, engepra, asvotec, sondex and also small ones from sodramar, these specifics for hot water). They allow to produce several volumes of water or hot steam under low or high pressure, through continuous thermal changes, but without direct contacts of the circulating thermal fluid between + 40 ° C or + 90 ° C and + 370 ° C or + 550 ° C with cold or warm water for heating between 29 ° degrees (swimming pools) or + 60 ° C (residential or industrial) or production of energizable steam or for other uses at 100 ° C.

101) As already described, the final selection of the type and volume of supply required by the exchanger will depend on good, preliminary calculations, the necessary local supply and demand for hot water and / or steam.

102) In Brazil, there are also available on the market several three-way solenoid valves resistant to high temperatures and pressures (ohiogas, b2bmaquinas, home-boiler, solutioncontrols, first combustion, etc.) and with thermoregulators plus supply flow controllers and necessary demands (input and output), even operated by nanotechnology or suitable multi-reader software.

103) In the specific changer chosen, the thermal fluid such as “LANLCX 500” or Therminol VP or others described above - in daytime reheating or stored for night use when necessary or programmed - enters in a circulating manner and under pressure of up to 8.5 bar (850 kpa) - natural from the reheater and / or pumped system itself - until it needs to be reheated daily in the solar chute to + 370 ° C or in the singaseifier at + 550 ° C.

104) Next, we will see even more reports, data and comparisons (fundamental bases to understand my current patent application for a modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse case) and, mainly, the recent corroborative results (2016 and 2017) of several my other projects with previous PTC parabolic solar gutters for external solar captures for various purposes (still simple and with the same radius), designed and implemented by the eminent inventor researcher, Mr. Sergiy Yurko. All of this occurs as above, although those are with thermal collector box far from the reflecting base and not internal as in this request and for the production of heating and electricity for isolated homes and / or for neighboring buildings plus laundries, swimming pools, industries etc. , both in Ukraine and in northern and northwestern Europe.

105) So, as we saw and will see - now and at the end - in the excellent thermal pickup projects, previous, in double and oval PTC gutters and field generators by Researcher Sergiy from Ukraine, it is necessary to concentrate even more heat in the greenhouses modular or copper or steel pipes located in its own thermal collector box, above and ahead, where the concentrated reflections coming from the channel below will be focused (in addition to the high reflection and concentration coming from the bottom or bottom base). With this, only highly concentrated thermal reflections (30 to 100 times more than at the base - see before and after) will further heat the pipes, provided that everything is well isolated from the external environment (almost hermetically) or, better , inside my “very reflective solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box / internal thermal concentrator and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected”, now with 06 to 12 modular greenhouse boxes in copper, aluminum or 304 steel and in 3 / 8 in. ¾ inches from my order.

106) In summary - technically, environmentally and socioeconomically - my applications are for protective patents on this current and unprecedented “internal greenhouse and modular solar thermal collector box” more than my solar gutters with previous orders. They are, in a way, unique and exclusive in the World and in which nothing invent (only God inventes), but I only discover, minimize, add, improve, recreate or add a new, more efficient or more economical way of manufacturing and that, as far as I have investigated, no one has yet thought, not least because some of them already exist, in part, but they work on medium to large projects or in isolated or expensive and more abroad. I believe, more than anything, that instead of investing and installing a large to giant environmental energy project - distant or with low real socioeconomic and environmental results - as well as several and high risks, etc., in the sum of millions of environmental and energy solutions only local, individual or group / building / condominium / micro-regional / municipal. Even better if instead of isolated / unitary projects are hybrid as already described (added in the same place and for use at different times / day or full in 24 hours / day) double and even quintuple, as with wind, mini and small courses and waterfalls. Thus, in addition to the good thermal abstractions or daytime generations occurring through the solar pathways (if possible non-photovoltaic "firefly", already technically outdated, expensive and only 5 years old) there would be the sum with the wind or biomass or SHPP or small falls or watercourses added / hybridized with the very modern and fast singaseification (not with biogasification, which is also already overcome and very dangerous, including the environment) afternoon, night or for 24 hours / day of any garbage, biomass, processing waste , leftover food, human and animal feces pre-dehydrated and well mixed / enriched etc ... since before.

107) Also, in future projects with this my modular greenhouse solar thermal collector with internal capture, reflection and thermal concentration there will be its customized construction and well tested locally according to the hourly average solar irradiance plus incidence of cold winds, dust, sands, shadows etc ..., being only fixed / welded on the rods and supports after all tests have been carried out for the highest local efficiencies, according to the objectives of each project.

108) Thus, during sunny days, between 10 am and 4 pm with greater thermal incidence in the pipes of my current and new modular greenhouse solar thermal collector, the loss of temperature of the water to be heated, internally, it can be only -3.0 ° to 10 ° C per hour (in my specific cases) when not operational, that is, even during the night the thermal storage can be kept very hot until its final use. This will occur due to the great internal pressure plus the high reflective / concentrated internal and lateral external temperature (in copper or even aluminum pipes, internal, much cheaper) and / or the thermal fluid in special steel (necessarily in AISI 304 steel or SAE 1020, both from the market, or AISI 310, if found).

109) Furthermore, as already described, in my case of small and medium simple projects - not yet hybrid - of solar thermal captures by my current modular greenhouse boxes for internal solar captures or by my previous gutters - to be customized by location and uses - in some cases, the ideal is to double the size of the daytime collector field and its number of gutters, all to collect as much as possible thermally and for up to 14:00 hours / day (from 4:30 am to 6:30 pm) h), always remembering that the thermal capture can surpass the photonic capture in several places (even due to the reflection / concentration / return of the local environmental accumulation, more environmental-lateral by several items or daily absorbing thermal barriers, more by the so-called greenhouse effect until excessive and in several places). The objective, then, is to generate the same thermal or electrical volumes, but constant, and also alternate the collecting sources daily and / or direct from 50% to 90% of the hourly volumes heated (water) or reheated (circulating thermal fluid) by this my metallic greenhouse box solar collector modulable or by the gutters in daytime catchments, but always for the production of residential, industrial and / or neighbors heating and / or for normal or additional electrical generations in the evening or at night, even if not yet- hybrid.

110) In my future full hybrid projects, also controlled by the Thermoflex System, with sums of captures of solar energy with those of fast and efficient gasification of dirty raw materials, the situation is much better. This greatly expands the net revenues in the same plant and provides much more generating security, as well as producing heating and electricity for up to 24 hours / day, even in isolated locations or with difficult access and not connected to the grid (“grid off”) or with many drops in supplies (a common situation in many isolated or distant locations that cause immense damage to everyone, in fact, lack of responsibilities - including legally attributable - to authorized / contracted suppliers). In my future hybrid generation (as far as I researched, there are only a few cases proposed and still being tested in India), the production of thermal fluid, well supervised and well controlled in the singaseifier (now up to 550 ° C, because above this thermal point evaporation or burning of the fluid may occur, and at its top the temperature may reach 1,100 ° C) it may occur for 24:00 h to 30:00 hours in a row with the same initial fuel load of raw materials said to be dirty (situation ideal for selling electricity in the “grid in”). However, everything will depend on having good local availability of the soiled raw materials, good fuels and with only 14% humidity (biomass, processing residues, animal and human feces, food scraps, factory waste, garbage of any type and humidity. etc.), provided that all are pre-dehydrated and well mixed. In the end, everything is thermally united (solar + singaseification) due to the high production and local or group / building / condominium / municipal / business offer of a lot of reheated and circulating thermal fluid between 45 ° C and 550 ° C.

111) Thus, in my hybrid thermal capture projects with fast and efficient singaseification of dirty raw materials, the situation is much better, since the production of thermal fluid, now at 550 ° C in the singaseifiers, may occur for at least minimum, 24:00 hours / day in a row, as long as there is good local or nearby availability of such so-called raw materials and also much more tesla-type mini turbines - Indian or national - rankine generators (to be shared with solar generation of the Thermoflex type, as everything is united by the reheated thermal fluid), which would greatly increase the net revenues at the same or neighboring plant and would provide much more generating security.

112) In the end, everything comes together due to the high production and local or residential / group / building / condominium / municipal / business offer of a lot of reheated and circulating thermal fluid between 45 ° C and 550 ° C and to produce from 0.3 to 10 , 0 t / hour of steam at 105 ° C and pressure up to 20 bar. See at the end that, in April 2017, an Indian company offered mini and small steam turbines, of the Tesla type, for mini and small projects to generate from 1.0 KWh to 8.0 KWh and with consumption of only 15 to 25 kg / steam per hour at 190 ° C at 10 bar for the value between only US $ 4.0 thousand and US $ 6.0 thousand CIF Brazil for the “Le Petit” turbine (sea freight to Santos included).

113) Even so, as already described, it becomes an excellent option to assemble all of the above equipment, although not as efficient (simple greenhouse boxes in hybridity with fast singaseifiers of many dirty raw materials and waste / leftover food / lawns / pruning / sewage / animal and human feces, fully available in any location.This can be installed in a hybrid fashion in residential buildings, public buildings / private offices, hotels, airports, prisons, hospitals, clubs etc., with over 300 residents or neighbors to produce at least 300 kg / day of waste plus feces, leftovers etc ... and to add to prunings of lawns, local or neighboring trees, etc., because such residues represent serious environmental and environmental problems. / or high costs for their proper disposal.The aim is to install and hold millions of small to medium hybrid systems of their own and / or of urban or building neighbors, condominiums, businesses, governs mental, leisure, etc., located in a rural or peri-urban area, neighboring or close and sufficient - also owned or leased or in partnership with farmers or farmers in the region (only for the disposal of spaces by them more than a few biomasses, animal faeces, etc. ., all complementary). They will be the same purposes as above, but for deliveries to supplier / clearing companies or only buyers, obligatorily with close receptions, if possible only through the “grid-tied” system (only and only delivery), but, to receive, in the future and when allowed, in part or in total, in apartments or urban buildings or condominiums - private or public - owned by the same owners or by the partner construction company / investor, etc. - see below (Note: the clearing of accounts and values, already possible, but still in a timid way in Brazil - in general it is much more favorable for the regional electric supplier, which buys very cheap and sells expensive when in the “grid-in” - see diagnosis about before and after - with promises of great growth close) .

114) Thus, the potential for installing and including such hybrid systems in future residential or office buildings, airports, shopping malls, clubs, condominiums, prisons, farms, agro-industries, etc. is immense. They would be and operate as an extremely modern and highly efficient local / group / municipal / business environmental, energy and socio-economic solution, etc., although cheap. Such a complete and hybrid system will aim to reheat, continuously, between small and medium volumes of super hot water, or better, of reheatable and circulating thermal fluids, added together, that is, via this my "modular solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse" or by my previous double or triple oval paraboloid gutters, already with patent applications, all very cheap.

115) Returning to the necessary diagnoses to correctly determine the correct attendance of the demands, still only thermal, it is known that, in the case of home thermal heating and swimming pools, there is an ideal ratio widely used that with each 1.0 liter of water hot preheated to 60 ° C (16.0 liters / adult per bath) it is possible to heat 2.3 liters of water in a good bath temperature (40 ° C) by adding at least 1.3 liters of cold water at 25 ° C (19.0 liters / adult) to achieve the ideal total volume of 35 liters / adult per bath. As for the heating of pools to 30 ° C, with each 1.0 liter of hot water at 60 ° C, 1.8 liters of water from this pool can be heated.

116) According to my previous diagnoses, the installation of the complete system above with some (3 to 10) of my modular greenhouses, whether small (up to 4 greenhouses with vertical storage of up to 2,000 liters each, totaling 4.0 m2 for the sum of 04 collector boxes with 1.0 m2 each) medium size (up to 10 box-greenhouses combined) - which occupy smaller areas and will be much more fixed and much safer in the ceilings, slabs, walls and smaller areas available - in a new modern residential building for the middle class and with strong environmental appeal it would increase the costs of each unit by only 10% to 15%, but there would be total sustainability due to the total hybridism, solar plus dirty waste and even feces, and with “zero production” ”Of waste and possible sewage (if authorized by governments and with“ zero ”rates) plus certain self-sufficiency in heating, cooling, purchased electricity and up to 50% of the water to be used.

117) It would certainly be a building of the future (whether governments want it or not) and considering the average consumption of 300 watts / hour for each upper middle class residence / apartment, outside the peak demand hours of 6 pm : 00 to 21:00 hours when it even triples, but, reducing much at night and until 10:00 h of the following day, which requires the building or other target sites to be connected to the Supply / Buyer Network.

118) So, such urban or peri-urban projects to be sustainable and economically viable must, necessarily, already be connected to the supply network (as is already a common fact) and already as participants in the “grid-in” compensating system, all to be supported by supply - to compensate -, due to the high local demands and added to peak demand times.

119) Again, in technical-operational and comparative terms of several small and medium-sized projects, or of forms of solar capture (except photovoltaic or by large and giant heli-thermal plants already well defined and compared before), the biggest market challenge for solar heating in small or medium size (isolated or hybrid) is the initial thermal obtaining plus its maintenance, which is often very expensive, more of the small agro-industrial heating required more than residential pools or gyms or clubs (isolated homes do not consume as much heating).

120) Obviously, initial heating requires a high flow of water heated up to 200 ° C to quickly provide the local temperature, for example, 30 ° C for children's pools (minimum temperature considered ideal for gym pools). See the following thesis about USP.

121) Even in my small, cheap, small size (only 4.0 m2 of catch plus steel reservoir at the bottom 2.0 m long by 2.00 m wide by 0.50 cm deep) - customizable by location and objectives - “modular solar thermal greenhouse box in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” from my patent application there will be a good production of hot water or circulating thermal fluid for different uses, depending on the average irradiance location plus the power of the injection pump plus the mandatory presence of special check valves to achieve high pressure and withstand high temperature plus check / distribution registers (see at the end).

122) Everything, however, will also depend a lot on good night storage and on the heated and circulating water in semi-hermetic tanks or well covered with special thermal cover (as losses of only - 1.94 ° C in 16 hours of use in covered swimming pools) or -3.76 ° C in 8 hours in non-covered pools, equal to only -0.48 ° C / hour, as diagnosed in 05 gyms in São Paulo in a master's thesis by USP).

123) Comparatively, this would still be below the results obtained in similar PTC solar collector systems from outside cfe. here already presented, with those of Badaling in China (average of 102 liters / hour of thermal fluid at 393 ° C and 30 bar to generate 1.5 KWht and possible 70 liters / hour for real electric 1.0 MWh) and Naples / Trento in Italy, this already has an expected supply of 125 liters / hour of circulating thermal fluid and reaching 370 ° C.

124) We will now start a complete diagnosis on the use of parabolic or paraboloid PTC solar gutters for slow heating of a lot of super hot water or thermal fluids, ditto. They are older, but they were also my main scientific bases, R&D knowledge (fundamental, complete and time-consuming external road-map) plus the operational bases for my current proposal for a modular solar thermal greenhouse box . Both are used for heating any swimming pool, with residential / building / condominium / industrial or, better, even for reverse cooling and even for daytime electrical generations of the DSG type, or even more nightly evenings in the modern and highly efficient “thermoflex” systems.

125) In a good mixed project, hot water can also be obtained for direct heating and / or reverse cooling (by means of an absorption chiller) and / or electrical generations and with their desalination occurring after obtaining such electrical generations with the steam produced.

126) Let us see, in a comparative and already commercial way - preliminary and for more socio-environmental and economic scientific justice - some other worldwide results of heating systems or producers of heating by other routes and not by parabolic or oval paraboloid trough or greenhouse box with summation. and modular. Noteworthy are the solar catches on modern reflective discs and concentrators (“solar dish”) on the ground or by roof panels or on walls with ET (“Evacuated Tubes”, the evacuated modular greenhouses also called “hot pipe” ).

127) In the USA, the small “homemade” plant described in the following link, but already with solar abstraction in paraboloid gutters still experimental and individual for micro generation - in domestic backyard and of the common type in the USA “DIY Do It Yourself = do it yourself really ”, that is, in a totally differentiated way (small reflecting solar disk with micro turbine generating at the foot) already manages to produce high 3.0 liters / minute = 180 liters / hour of steam at 9.6 bar and with it generate in turbines with 12 thousand RPM. It uses the semi-cylindrical disk system and solar tracker, considered as a good current solar system by the giant heliothermic solar plants (with individual electrical generation to collect individually and to add up as in a solar tree, although with serious water supply difficulties). In it, the solar reflective disk (as in a parabola or paraboloid of the PTC type) is only 1.8 meters in diameter and has a container for only 3 liters of water (still as a demonstration). See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_1XCIqASSo&feature=youtu.be.

128) In Australia in 2009, in an enlarged form of the same previous project in the USA, the company Solartron Energy Systems in Australia plus the USA manufactures large solar discs and reflectors capable of producing 44 thousand BTU / hour, sufficient to generate a high 13 KWh actual electrical discs. Now the super disk, also with turbine and generator at the foot, is 4.5 meters in diameter, that is, it is more suitable for local generations in large heliothermic projects, as previously mentioned. If we consider that each complete disk occupies a total area of 6.0 square meters - including free sides for movement - there would be about 1,600 disks installed in 01 hectare (100 mx 100 m), which would allow generating up to a very high 20.8 MW electric in a small thermo solar plant installed on just 01 hectare (1,600 discs x 13 KW), but with high demand for circulating water or even thermal fluid, ditto, unless already by generation through the expensive ORC systems. The big problem with discs may be nighttime generations, as such systems do not yet store thermal fluid at the foot, although some already test storage at special batteries at the foot, but of the PV type photovoltaic.

129) In Almeria (Spain), there is a good initial project for testing by the University of Almeria installed in a rural hotel since 2012 with 32 parabolic gutters / solar concentrators for heating water on average at 155 ° C (range from 145 ° C to 160 ° C), therefore, above the vapor point. The gutters were installed in a garden area of just 2,048 m2 (50 mx 41 m) and with an irradiance of 940 W / m2 and under an average ambient temperature of 31 ° C. They are non-paraboloid (non-elliptical) gutters still in aluminum and with 8.0 meters long and opening 1.0 meters each. Even with the still low efficiency of the previous system and low local irradiance, it was possible to guarantee 76% of the heating required for electricity in the winter and 25% of the necessary cooling in the summer. The authors concluded that the use of solar energy via PTC was already a good solution in 2012. See more at: “Dimensioning a small-sized PTC solar field for heating and cooling of a hotel in Almeria (Spain)” - VIDE EM: http : //www.r744.com/files/1313_Dimensioning_a_small-sized_PTC.pdf.

130) The Project was for continuous heating of water for heating, steam production plus cooling, both partial, of a hotel with 278 rooms in the south of Spain (Almeria). The solar collector technology selected for the solar field was the pioneer satellite dish (PTC), in particular a small prototype specially designed for production systems of joint heating with air conditioning (this is my solar capture system Oval paraboloid channel and greenhouse with internal capture, reflection and thermal concentration for triple functions is also common in medical product laboratories (more than special cheeses in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands).

131) Considering the space available for the solar collector field near the hotel and its thermal energy demand profile, the configuration of the proposed solar field consisted of 8 parallel lines, oriented in the north-south direction (different from my proposal and with fixed orientation east-west like those of Researcher Sergiy).

132) The project aimed to obtain and circulate very hot water above the vapor point, that is, already suitable for good direct heating and local reverse cooling (by means of absorption chiller) and even for desalination (modular greenhouse / pickup pipe already in use). steel and 15 mm) with water, on average, at 155 ° C (except in December, when it only reached 55 ° C) and equal to the volume demanded by the hotel. As stated, the hotel above required partial heating / cooling of 278 rooms plus swimming pools, kitchens, laundries etc. .. Even with the still low efficiency mentioned above in PTC (without heating thermal fluid), it was possible to guarantee 76% of the heating required in the winter and 25% of the cooling required in the summer. Their system is mixed and exchangeable (according to the daily and monthly demand of each station) of water heating for direct thermal supply for heating and / or for cooling (being part of the modern absorption chiller that takes advantage of the unused or disposable leftovers of heating).

133) Before the solar gutter system, the hotel consumed a high 1,577 MWh / year (equal to the hourly average of 182 kWh real time, including night time), expanding a lot in the winter months, most of which was to promote daily cooling and part of the heating. The authors and implementers of the project, on behalf of the University of Almeria, concluded that the use of solar energy, even via normal and previous PTC, and for hot water with direct thermal and / or indirect cooling was a good solution, in addition to being highly promising, cheap and competitive already in 2012 (today it would be much more efficient, via my paraboloid gutters with short target or in my metallic solar greenhouse box solar thermal modular and to reheat recurrent thermal fluid up to 370 ° C). See thesis for more complete details on http://www.r744.com/files/1313_Dimensioning_a_small-sized_PTC.pdf.

134) Still in Almeria (Spain), another good project Installed since March 2013 at its Airport, also implemented and monitored by the University of Almeria (one of the largest specialists in the world in the capture / storage of solar, wind and biomass energy) was of complete success. The site has very low daily irradiance (DNI of only 850 w / m2 at 2 pm). It is a large pickup / concentrator / generator system (with 8 lines of giant gutters with a width of 5.7 meters at the mouth plus only 12.3 m in length each, totaling 96.0 m in length only on the line) with capture only by PTC solar gutters still in an isolated project (non-hybrid, as perfectly possible, via rapid singaseification of waste, animal and human feces, food waste etc. local and / or neighboring cfe. I propose in my patents still only for Brazil), but already for the new, very modern and much cheaper DSG generator system (already connected to the supplier by the “grid-in” and now also using superheated water as a circulating thermal fluid for own generations - not yet stocked - to produce steam, recoverable for water) . The abstractions, and their generations, occurred, on average, for only 12 hours / day from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm with a good peak generator constant from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm.

135) Obviously, the best generations at such an airport in Almeria were those obtained with steam at the highest temperatures, reaching 3.9 MWht thermal with steam at 200 ° C at 60 bar and with a flow of 1.38 kg / s equal to 79 kg / liters / hour for general thermal 3.9 MWht (high efficiency of 72% to obtain about 3.0 real electric MWh). Note: The time flows needed for hot water, measured and tested under different temperatures and pressures for steam in this Almeria project are equal to the low flows required of only 20 grams / minute of super hot water to generate 1.0 KWht, time equal to 1.38 kg / minute and 83.0 kg / hour of water, and which are in full agreement with the almost same offer foreseen by my metal solar greenhouse box solar thermal collector, which is already under construction prototype for approval in Brazil. Notes in figure 4.13 of the link below that there is a clear average correlation of 06:01, that is, 6 kg / hour steam at 200 ° C / generation of 01 KWh. Thus, 3.0 real electric MWh (from 2.5 to 3.5 MWh) were generated by the average solar abstraction for 12 hours / day and with an hourly average DNI irradiance of 850 w / m2 (from 7:00 am to 5 pm: 00 h) in February (almost at the end of European winter) in the DSG troughs, that is, only by steam at a maximum of 200 ° C (with water being injected pressed and already as “condensed” at 115 ° C) with an average flow of 4.0 to 6.0 kg / s of steam, that is, an average of 5.0 kg / s (300 kg / minute = 18,000 kg / hour of steam at 200 ° C / 3.0 MWh real electric). Cold water was also injected into the system at 25 ° C, at a pressure of 20 bar and with a flow of 1.42 kg / s, equal to 86 kg / minute and almost 5,200 kg / hour. See: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615797/index.pdf

136) In Trento (Italy) there is another good solar project for heating and generation from circulating thermal fluid, installed in an urban area and implanted and monitored by the Universities of Trento and Naples. Those responsible said that PTC gutters for thermal fluid will dominate the world solar capture market as they are already up to 80% more efficient than PV plants. See: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323137428_An_innovative_small - scale_prototype_plant_integrating_a_solar_dish_concentrator_with_a_mol ten_salt_storage_system.

137) In India (Country also with high and undeniable technological advances also in alternative and sustainable energies, especially in solar and in processing of biomass and its residues), as diagnosed in the field in 2017 by the University of Madras, there is another good Project with 216 mini PTC, producing industrial steam up to 60 ° C or internal heating up to 90 ° C and all via hot water of the DSG type, but with only 01 collector modular greenhouse, the maximum steam flow in hours with greater daily irradiance was high 0.060 kg / s equal to only 3.6 kg / minute or 2.16 ton / hour for each mini chute (at a temperature of 100 ° C and a pressure of 20 bar). Such offer equal to 3.6 kg of steam per 1.0 meter long PTC mini chute and only 01 thermal absorber box with a diameter of 2.20 cm (about ¾ inch) is much higher than that obtained in the chutes researcher Sergiy Yurko's field projects in Ukraine. See more at: https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/62318/Kumar_Thermohydraulic_2017.pdf?sequence=1

138) Still in India, there are already several small manufacturers of small simple, unitary and non-elliptical parabolic solar collector gutters plus semi-disks and complete solar discs, also good solar thermal collectors, reflectors and concentrators, for various purposes (water heating , thermal fluids, oils and steam production). However, most still only contain and operate only with 01 thermal collector box ("hot pipe" type) very close and well above the gutter (as in the large and giant heli-thermal plants with desert PTC gutters), which only allows circulation very fast with little water at 160 ° C or little thermal fluid with low final temperatures (the ideal is to press to circulate in a slow or semi-slow way and well programmed), all resulting in low productive heating and / or heating efficiency. local or group electrical generations. See: 1) https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail.php?i=4951652088; 2) https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail.php?i=17401334688.

139) Already in neighboring Pakistan (Lahore), since 2014, there is also a good solar collector project with PTC parabolic gutters for reheating thermal fluid for experimental electrical generation (already generating 20 real KWh), installed and monitored by the University of Lahore . According to scientists at the University described below in Pakistan (a country with a high tradition and results in energy research), this plant proved that the solar collection systems in PTC satellite dishes with continued reheating of thermal fluids are, evidently, the best technology to convert solar energy into electricity.

140) The fieldwork in 2014 in Lahore, described below, is one of the few in the world that presents a possible ratio / correlation between the average supply of thermal fluid circulating in the PTC solar gutter system and the final production of steam or water hot for various purposes. Table 5 of the link shows a vapor / fluid ratio of 12.2 kg: 1.00 kg, that is, for every 1.0 kg of Therminol VP-I thermal fluid, reheated and circulated or stored at 340 ° C , it is possible to produce 12.2 kg of steam that can be energized at 300 ° C and with a pressure of 30 bar in the turbine. This project was implemented to determine the functionality of the PTC solar gutter field for electrical generation and with simulations by the TRNSYS system.

141) The solar irradiance in this project still with PTC gutters in Lahore for generating 20 KWh of real electricity was 600.0 W / m2 (low and with absorption of 458.6 W / m2, that is, local yield of 78%) . Each large giant collecting trough is 2.5 meters long and 2.4 meters wide, totaling approximately 6.0 m2; tilted at an angle of 90 ° C and with a focal length of 0.6 meters (60 centimeters) to its collection box. The solar collector box is 2.5 meters long and has 11.1 mm diameter collecting pipes (= 7/16 in., That is, very thin). As the total field to generate 20 real KWh - enough to electrify 65 middle class homes and 220 poor homes in Brazil - had a total area of 580 m2, but with a collection area of 348 m2, it was necessary to install about 58 large gutters and with 6.0 m2 of collection each (each capturing and generating only 0.344 real watts already discounted losses, equal to 1/3 of the generation that occurred in the project of Researcher Sergiy in Ukraine).

142) It should be noted that such a 2014 project in Lahore was not yet as modern and as thermal producer as the very modern and double PTC gutters above the Researcher Sergiy Yurko (2017) and as a revolutionary technological base (never by copy) and initial for my future projects in Brazil (my 4 thermo-solar proposals with patents already applied for, apart from the current one of my modular solar thermal collector greenhouse, already under construction and testing prototypes, all with their own resources and never public) Therefore, in Lahore: a) The reflective material and thermal concentrator were not the most suitable (SS 316 stainless steel blade). Today the most used and approved are kitchen foil of different types and the thickest sheets of aluminum 1.0 - with 1.0 mm - or of 304 “steel itself, type 16 to 18, since it is very reflective ; b) There was much lower thermal concentration obtained in the collection box, due to the low local average irradiance or the smaller distance used (60 cm) between the base of the channel and the collection box; c) Only 01 (one) modular greenhouse box used for fluid and steel thermal collector, but of low caliber (0.11 mm = 7/16 inch), compared to 6 (six) thick modular greenhouse boxes caliber (¾ inch) in steel and used in the researcher Sergiy's gutters. With this, the thermal fluid passes very quickly through the thermal collection box, dragging little heating or it produces low volumes of fluid and only a little hot or it has to pass through the system more times until reaching the ideal temperature. See more details at: http://tj.uettaxila.edu.pk/olderissues/2014/No4/10- Design% 20and% 20Simulation% 20 ° f% 20Solar% 20Parabolic% 20Trough% 20with% 20TRNSYS.pdf

143) In the Arab countries more in Asia, there are some MIXED solar plants and DSG type (for hot water) or for thermal fluid, and with daytime solar captures for water heating or reheating of thermal fluids, but which are generally complemented , at night, by the reheating of thermal fluids, now by burning some oil derivatives (more by diesel) or natural gas in special heaters ("fire tubes" or modular fire boxes or even in special boilers). The main objectives are to obtain industrial heating plus something for electrical generation.

144) In 2015, in the United Arab Emirates, a country with a high level of experience in producing solar heating with more than 23 hours / day of continuous electricity generation - Thermoflex systems - through solar thermal capture (never photovoltaic “fireflies” and others, even if mixed with PV with the burning of natural gas) there are great alternative projects to the thermal fluid (as per DSG, these although capturing and generating for a very limited daily period) by large and giant plants, both in Fresnel mirror or disks with central towers and, mainly by long length parabolic gutters with wide mouth opening.

• a) As produções de água quente por calha DSG em 6 projetos levantados foram elevadas e com grande fluxo (velocidade e não fluxo de massa) do vapor obtido já ao final, antes da turbina, entre 0,55 kg/s, ou seja, 33 kg/minuto (cerca de 1.900 kg/hora) e 0,62 kg/s, ou seja, de 37 kg/minuto (cerca de 2.200 kg/hora);
• b) Quanto maior era a irradiância solar local (entre 627 w/m2 e 766 w/m2 conforme os horários diários) mais elevada era a temperatura média do vapor obtido na saída dos caixas-estufas modulávels para geração, variando entre 315° C e 383° C;
• c) Cada grande calha parabólica testada para DSG tinha 4,88 m de comprimento; 1,19 m de abertura e refletia/concentrava em ângulo de 45º e para apenas 0,72 m (72 cm) de distancia até o ponto focal de captação térmica acima, aonde a absorção térmica chegava a 95%, mesmo percentual de reflexão obtido na parábola. Vide mais em: https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4949160 .

145) In 2015, a good diagnosis by the University of Sharjah of the United Arab Emirates about direct electric generations with super hot water for steam (called DSG “Direct Solar Generation” generations), did not see fluids, reached the conclusions (remembering that such a country with high experience in solar generation, especially in giant power plants that capture various forms, is building an electric generator set in the desert near Dubai to generate 1.5 real electric GWh, but all via reheating of circulating and / or storage thermal fluid, these for continued nocturnal generations or on cloudy days) namely:

• a) The hot water production per DSG channel in 6 projects raised was high and with a high flow (speed and not mass flow) of the steam obtained at the end, before the turbine, between 0.55 kg / s, that is, 33 kg / minute (about 1,900 kg / hour) and 0.62 kg / s, that is, 37 kg / minute (about 2,200 kg / hour);
• b) The higher the local solar irradiance (between 627 w / m2 and 766 w / m2 according to daily schedules), the higher the average temperature of the steam obtained at the output of the modular greenhouses for generation, varying between 315 ° C and 383 ° C;
• c) Each large parabolic channel tested for DSG was 4.88 m long; 1.19 m of aperture and reflected / concentrated at an angle of 45º and for only 0.72 m (72 cm) of distance to the focal point of thermal capture above, where the thermal absorption reached 95%, same percentage of reflection obtained in the parable. See more at: https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4949160.

146) In Ukraine, however, the real and comparative results in solar captures, in thermal productions and in thermal storage, cheap, with lots of hot water between 150 ° C and 250 ° C are fantastic and even more surprising, technically and effectively. by the eminent researcher, innovator, challenger and researcher / inventor Sergiy Yurko from Ukraine, described in detail below (due to the high scientific importance), in a very cold region of his city of Myrhorod in Ukraine and with experiments and units already working in several others countries, especially in several projects for heating / electric, residential / group / building / industrial projects in northern Europe. See more field details at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGJB8lOYpQ&feature=youtu.be

147) Initially, it is necessary to see and analyze the film below, in English, but then to capture the reports and translate to understand their many data from the initial standard project. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGJB8lO-YpQ&feature=youtu.be.

148) In this initial and standard project by Researcher Sergiy in Kiev, Ukraine (plus other homemade and industrial ones in northern Europe) - see film above - with each chute producing 0.45 liters / minute (about 27 liters / hour) still very hot water was enough to generate in a DSG system - temporal / partial and certainly already inserted in the local grid in the normal electrical supply company - about 01 effective electric KWh per channel (each double channel of the project and with only 3, 2 m2 in the mouth could generate up to 5.44 crude KWeq per channel equal to about 0.91 / real liquid electric KWh per channel). Thus, in 9 hours of daytime water intake at up to 250 ° C plus 4 hours of additional water up to 100 ° C, approximately 351 liters were produced per channel (average 38 liters / hour) to generate 01 real KWh. Each simple trough of Researcher Sergiy Yurko (there are two in the same equipment) - very resistant and not retaining moisture or cold - has a base in flexible zinc sheet with 2.00 m2 according to local customization (2.00 length x 0 , 80 m to 1.20 m height, to allow the necessary opening of 0.80 cm - the current ideal of Researcher Yurko - to 1.20 cm (old) in his mouth and the ideal reflective / concentrator angle, according to the depth necessary and to test / customize between 18 cm and 22 cm of depth of depth = “captation black zone” equal to the average 20 cm, if with 2.0 m length (or from 25 cm to 35 cm of depth = “captation black zone) ”Equal to the average 30 cm, according to the location, but with 3.00 m in length and 1.0 m in the mouth). Thus, the 02 sister rails (2.00 m = 200 cm in length each and 18 cm to 22 cm deep - also known as “black zone” - the most reflective and concentrating area of any gutter or similar thermal - and 0.80 m in the mouth = 80 cm) will have between 0.36 m2 and 0.44 m2. However, the exposure area in the mouth (entrance area) was 1.60 m2 in each mirror, totaling 3.6 m2 in the double.

149) In 2017, the double and normal but improved parabolic gutters (2017 models) by Researcher Sergiy (not yet oval paraboloids and greenhouses with internal capture, reflection and thermal concentration, as foreseen in this my patent proposal and with much greater power of concentration and with thermal collection in this my oval paraboloid channel and greenhouse with internal capture, reflection and thermal concentration already measured 3.2 m2 and could generate up to 1.7 gross KWh per m2, thus the gross generation in thermal KWeq was 5, 44 KWeq per channel, in turn, equivalent to 5.55 real KW per channel, since, in this case, 5.0-7.0 thermal KWeq (average 6.0 Kweq, due to the sum of high losses with local thermal catches plus generation losses) amounted to only up to R $ 0.91 KW per channel, equal to only about 15% of the gross thermal production, according to the average daily, monthly and annual real sunshine.

150) Thus, in that small area (considering the local factor of high thermal equivalent 07 KWh = 01 real KWh) it was possible to generate 335 KWh (enough for 1,000 middle class and neighboring homes in the grid-in of Brazil) by capturing equal to 0.66 Watts / hour per m2 and 530 KWh / year per m2, this in 330 really sunny days. The partial investment was between US $ 15 and US $ 40 per m2, according to the price of labor and materials in each country. Researcher Sergiy's goal was to reduce by 30% those on the side of catches for hot water. Thus, in countries with lower costs, the total amount to invest, only in thermal capture, was very cheap for such a level of possible total generation and only US $ 100 thousand for 335 kWh, and I estimate that it will double to just US $ 200 thousand (= US $ 597 / KWh) when adding the hot water storage systems more than rankine generation in new and small Chinese or Indian Tesla turbines plus their generators (see below).

151) Still in 2017, in another excellent study, such Researcher Sergiy demonstrated that the average number of sunny days in the northern hemisphere between December and February is very low and in almost all countries (that is, they are almost zero months of solar capture and also with many difficulties - real although not disclosed or advertised - in the others), which greatly impairs the local solar capture, quite unlike Brazil and other equatorial and African countries, where the potential for solar capture is much higher (even still using certain equipment that was already outdated, especially because manufactured for realities in very different countries and with much worse thermal conditions and real and daily sunshine than in Brazil, which demonstrates the urgent need for national equipment - appropriate, serious and, above all, honest - for real funding and correct uses in Brazil and other South American neighbors).

152) Let us see the low amount of sunny days between December and February in some countries, in the monthly average above, and the average temperature in January of recent years: a) Germany (Munich) - average of 7.2 days / month and temperature of -2 ° C; b) Ukraine (Kiev) - average of 5.2 days / month and temperature of -6 ° C; c) Canada (Regina Saskatchewan) - average of 11.6 days / month and temperature of -17 ° C; d) USA (Denver - Colorado) - average of 21.3 days / month and temperature of -1 ° C; e) China (Changchun) - average of 21.0 days / month and temperature of -17 ° C; f) South Korea (Seoul) - average of 17.6 days and temperature of -3 ° C.

153) To alleviate the difficulties of real solar capture by its gutters in such places plus the very high costs with purchases from other sources for heating for 90 days or more in homes, Researcher Sergiy Yurko proposes to build inexpensive systems just to capture rapid thermal (water very hot) by its gutters above and stock the heaters (with total daily use of the hot water produced - including for cheap sales, but compensating for the neighbors - or, partly, cumulatively and with daily reheating), since the month of April of each year, in special tanks in each residence (external or internal). According to him, in another video to follow, the cost of capturing more than external storage (capturing in gutters in a total area with only 58 m2 plus programmed storage in simple tanks, buried and in polyethylene plastic, all well thermally insulated for 125 m3 accumulated and with a maximum temperature of 90 ° C in October, progressively decreasing to 37 ° C in February), it would be only US $ 5,400 (based on cheap materials and labor costs in Kiev - Ukraine).

154) The same system above in Kiev with storage in the internal cellar would have a total cost of US $ 6,200 (capture in 100 m2 - 10 mx 10 m - in the PTC gutters of this project plus storage from September to November of 116 m3 accumulated (therefore, in three months = 90 days, that is, with an average daily production required of only 1.28 m3 day) and already with a maximum temperature of 130 ° C in October, progressively reducing to 30 ° C in February).

155) From the beginning of the capture in October in the smaller system above (with capture in 57.6 m2) until the end use in April, the total thermal losses (in thermal KWh equivalent) would be only 24.2% of the total in thermal equivalent accumulated in the period (10,376 KWh thermal equiv.), with accumulated losses of 16.8% (1,748 KWh thermal equiv.) in the continuous storage more than 7.4% (767 KWh thermal equiv.) of accumulated losses in cashiers -modulable transport greenhouses between the storage system to the residence.

156) In the months in which thermal capture by the complete system occurs in a way greater than the residential demand, the Researcher suggests that such heating be used to heat swimming pools; sales to neighbors or clubs or businesses or laundries or governments; local electricity generation; production of local or group or condominium or building refrigeration behind the absorption chiller; pumping of groundwater or from nearby locations; cleaning water by evaporation.

157) Still according to this researcher / inventor / constant enhancer - much more concerned with fast, correct and low-cost environmental solutions for people, groups and governments - with such very low costs (in Kiev - Ukraine), his capture system in gutters Double PTC and also with differentiated storage was already up to 10 times cheaper than in the other systems widely used until today, even as “fashion” (thermal capture by ET plates = “hot pipe” or FP, as above).

158) Let's see a little bit about the compared costs of 02 field projects, very different, from Researcher Sergiy in Kiev, Ukraine, more about external and / or internal storage and the participation of each cost item in the total budgets. Even with the high local cold, the great difference in costs in the projects (amount to be invested) is due more to the type of storage required (external or internal) and the quantity and types of pumps used and less the necessary area of the field with gutters and ditto the necessary production / demands of very hot water and the costs (amounts to invest) in each project in Kiev.

159) In a medium project with an annual thermal demand of 8,250 KWh eq. thermal / year (about R $ 1,350 KW / year) in a small collection area (20 m2), with a large external storage of 85 m3 plus special pumps for impelling water, the total amount to be invested reached US $ 12,000 (equal to US $ 8.88 / KWh). In another, for 7,500 KWh eq. thermal / year (about 1,250 real KW / year) in a small area of 58 m2, that is, more than double the previous one, and with internal storage of 125 m3 (+ 47% more than in the previous one), the total value reached only US $ 5,400 (equal to US $ 4.32 / KWh).

160) In the larger project of 8,250 KWh eq. thermal / year in a small collection area (20 m2), the total costs (US $ 12,000) were distributed as follows: 1) 28.3% with fabrication of the gutters and installation of the field “itself” with only 6 likely gutters ; 2) 25.8% with external tanks, like swimming pools, for seasonal storage of 85 m3; 3) 15.0% with complementary internal water storage in a 60 m2 tank; 4) 12.5% with 2 external steel tanks for emergency storage of 3.0 m3; 5) 12.5% with special external and internal thermal impulse pumps and 6) 8.3% with other pumps, pipes, heat exchangers from hot to warm water, etc.

161) In the smaller project (US $ 5,400 to produce 7,500 KWh thermal equipment / year in an area of 58 m2), the distribution was quite different, being: 1) 63.6% with manufacture and installation of the solar field “itself ”Larger than the previous one with possible 18 double parabolic rails; 2) 18.2% with continuous internal thermal storage; 3) 9.1% with pumps to move water; 4) 4.5% with the manufacture or purchase of the heat exchanger (from hot water stored internally at 90 ° to warm water at 37 ° C for various uses) and 5) 4.5% with valves, pipes and other items. See everything at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMLQ7UXSgus&feature=youtu.be

162) However, the new previous gutters (2017), but already double, by Researcher Sergiy Yurko still had an equal radius (non-paraboloids), but they already had a stainless steel or carbon steel base and were still light weight (before they were aluminum), but were still built with a special mirror with leftover glass. Today, however, they have already been replaced by pliable, highly reflective acrylic or polycarbonate plates and are 2 in parallel, both focused on a 18-22 cm wide capture greenhouse and only about 110 cm from the base of the gutter and fixed to it by 2 lateral metal claws - in “yellow” (formerly such a greenhouse box was fixed to the PTC gutter) but it is already independent - although always linked - in new projects, this to facilitate the necessary directional adjustments towards north - and now. However, new studies prove that the best reflective material today (after some glass mirrors, but very problematic due to high losses and high costs) are kitchen foil sheets.

163) In Researcher Sergiy's 2018 project, each greenhouse box contains 6 modular greenhouse boxes / AISI 430 steel pipes only in ¾ inch, in parallel and all painted black with insulating metallic paint, except for oil paint, but with superior thermal insulation and with lots of hot water circulating, with 2 modular greenhouse boxes / pipes with inlet plus 2 central ones for circulation / heating plus 2 with outlet (depending on demand, it can be increased to up to 12 modular greenhouses / pipes in parallel, but ½ inch). Thus, such previous, normal and double parabolic gutters by the researcher Sergiy, were always chosen by him, as they have a capture efficiency of 60% and are much cheaper, with much less problems with breaks and cleaning - necessary and constant - and reach much higher temperatures at the top (which heat up to 400 ° C) than in ET evacuated modular greenhouses - "hot pipe" which heat up to 250 ° C, or in FP "Flate Plate" with protective cover, which only heat up to 100 ° C (both of these with an average efficiency of 80%) - see proof video in item 13.

164) The type of normal and anterior parabolic trough of Researcher Sergiy has a length of 2.00 m and a height / width of 0.80 m with an interval of 40 cm between them (since there are two on the same support, that is, one in above and one below). Thus, the integral vertical section from the useful area of the channel reaches 2.00 m, as in its length.

165) Its only parabolic gutters, normal and anterior, are all oriented in the EAST-WEST direction, exactly in the solar line (not necessarily in the equatorial, but also in parallel, as in the project location) and not in the NORTH direction, as much more neighboring countries in South America are being done in Brazil.

166) Although the normal and previous, but double, chute of Researcher Sergiy is partial stationary, to lower costs, it is re-fixed towards the sun in the new east-west direction, preferably at 12:00 h, at least weekly (special screws and easily movable) between 50 and 100 times / year depending on the location, that is, with an average of approximately 4 to 8 hits per month (thus, easy and cheap to do and, better, without daily electrical costs, also absorbing local labor). In contrast, in my patent application for the Paraboloid Gutter and oven with internal capture, reflection and thermal concentration, it also includes as an exclusive differential and in substitution / improvement to that of Researcher Sergiy, the daily, slow, compensated and continued electronic re-fixation, but controlled by computer, that is, by something much more sensitive and modern.

167) The average internal temperature of the water captured in the previous normal parabolic trough of Researcher Sergiy (for steam at 15 bar) was 150 ° C to 220 ° C depending on the location (well above the maximum 160 ° C that can be obtained in the boxes) - ET greenhouses), but it reached 250 ° C at the peak hour of thermal capture (remembering that in other projects this temperature in the collecting pipes of your greenhouse box was even higher than at the gutter floor at those times - see video in item 13).

168) As in the place (Ukraine) it is very cold (daily average of 25 ° C in the autumn) and with average insolation in some periods of the year (in the autumn irradiance of up to 1,000w / m2, more than in Brazil), only occurred good daily thermal captures only for 7 hours / day and in only 330 clean and minimally sunny days per year, but with rapid hourly reduction (in the photovoltaic and heating systems in Brazil it reaches 10 hours / day in some places) and in 9:00 am (200 ° C) until 3:00 pm (219 ° C), but between 8:00 am and 9:00 am 125 ° C and between 15:00 pm and 4:00 pm 135 ° (therefore , both also vaporisable). At other times, it was not worth it to capture.

169) Also, in 2011, the comparative studies carried out in the USA by the researcher / inventor / author, Mr. George Pihak, demonstrated that their PTC gutters also in a slow / closed circuit, were much more efficient in thermal capture (water with thermal reach of 336 ° C in the solar peak, at the point of its glow) and volumetric hot water than the solar panels (“flate plate”) with a range of only 93 ° C in the solar peak, which are so common and in fashion in the Brazil. See: https://georgesworkshop.blogspot.com/2011/12/conclusions.html

170) Comparing and demonstrating how easy, simple and cheap the constructions are of some “very reflective cylindrical greenhouse boxes and very reflective solar / internal thermal concentrator and in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected”, of different diameters for heating, electrical generations ( not capturing PV) and air cooling by absorption chiller, see in the links below some examples of plant fields in operation or in tests:
(Observations and constructive analyzes 01: Because they are not yet slow to circulate - possible by the TPSFlo pump and other specials that we recommend - and because it is not a slow and semi-closed circuit with a check valve at the entrance of special steel to support up to 400 ° C and 15 bar more for special registers and controllers of flow and thermality of the water or fluid in the exit, ditto, as the revolutionaries of the Researcher Sergiy Yurko below (circulating or stock water between 150 ° C and 220 ° C = average 200 ° C in full sun), one more of the Universities of Trento and Naples (thermal fluid circulating / stocking up to 400 ° C at some times, being at 370 ° C, the most common) and all mine, they, at the time, could not heat the water above 110 ° C, although it is already above the vapor point.
Observations and constructive analyzes 02: Such gutters are good, but my 03 previous double or triple PTC paraboloids, adjustable and customizable by location and purposes - patents already required - plus this one of my current solar modular solar thermal greenhouse box can surpass them in average efficiencies, results and even lower costs. After all, all are slowly driven by the imported TOPSFLO pump plus all the check valves and the retainer / flow and thermal controllers registers, in special steel, as needed, and with a special external “greenhouse box” or internal pickup circle with up to 12 pipes in 3/8 to ¾ in. For greater flows, you can import from China - some already available in the Mercado Livre Brasil, such as this one for 12 liters / minute = 720 liters / hour. See: https://produto.mercadolivre.com.br/MLB-912137026-bomba-submersa12v-para-transferencia-de-oleo-diesel-e-agua-_JM?quantity=1 - cheap pumps in stainless steel alloys with good thermal resistance plus plastic-metal and that act in a submerged way to transfer oils and water or cold or warm thermal fluid up to 2.5 m to 7.0 m rise in pressure of 25 PSI, boosting at 8,500 rpm, even operating at 12 V and with consumption of 18 W, but transferring for only 10 hours / day, which, in general, requires the installation of at least 2 pumps in parallel and controlled by a good quality and easy to program “dimmer”, since that without load losses when power failures.

171) Recent (June / 2019), the tireless Ukrainian environmental researcher, Sergiy Yurko - always looking for much cheaper, although efficient and simple solar equipment - researched, manufactured a prototype and tested it in his very cold city (Myhorod in Ukraine, located just 3,200 km from the north pole, compared to 9,600 km from that pole to Belém - Brazil) a new type of solar thermal capture that is fast, inexpensive and very efficient (the basis for my new patent application), in the form of a “capture box” / thermal storage "square with only 1.0 m2 of liquid area, with a depth of 30 cm, all covered with styrofoam on the sides plus special transparent acrylic on the top, with sides and wooden bottom 5 cm wide and containing 01 coil spiraled with 25 meters of pipe still in polyethylene (not in metallic plastic - plastic tube with internal metal rings / springs / spirals -, copper, aluminum or steel) and with only 5/8 of an inch. As a main differential, this internal serpentine was all covered by 130 kg of coarse sand deposited in several layers of 2 to 3 cm and well fixed on the bottom (inclined) of this thermal capture / storage box.

172) Such a small thermal pickup / storage / storage box, still in expanded polystyrene with 10 cm depth (styrofoam), fixed on a wooden platform 5 cm wide on the sides and bottom, as support for its high weight, square, non-storage and super protected and stuffed was installed in an inclined way in relation to the ground, in a tested and approved angle of 16 fixed degrees, initial for better capture, plus up to 23 degrees of annual inclination due to the inclination of the earth to the ground, totaling up to 42 degrees (16 + 26) at the maximum southward slope in December on their winter solstice, and up to 29 degrees (16 + 13), conversely, in July on their summer solstice, both only tilted towards the North (the light This solar collector travels daily, without adjustments, always in the East-West direction). However, such equipment did not yet contain the essential items - see beginning of this diagnosis - to obtain a lower flow rate of the liquids to be heated (ideal from 2 to 15 liters / minute, depending on the volumetric and thermal targets of each project) more high internal pressure (from 5 to 45 bar) and, thus, a much higher internal temperature of the liquids, almost, are: a) Initial check valve in 304 or 316 steel or others resistant to high temperatures and pressures; b) Record of final retention, ditto, including for proper distribution of destinations%; c) Special mini pump in thermal steel and with low flow per minute - see details at the beginning of this diagnosis - for the impulsion of cold or warm water (in this case, it was only due to local gravity).

173) As a result of hourly adjustments and tests on brightly lit days, there was an excellent production of up to 103 liters / hour (1.7 liters / minute constant) of super hot water between 60 ° C and 100 ° C (vapor point) being the common “fashion” of 70 ° C in their summer, but from circulating and super cold external water (6 ° C in summer), which recommends its improvement. However, in a short time there were serious problems with the use of sand, which dried and unprotected the coil, which recommends its exchange for another material, solid or liquid, more thermal retainer, more firm (more cohesive, sticky and not shattered by intense heat) and better immediate heat transfer. Researcher Yurko stated that with the most suitable materials and forms it will be possible to produce a record of up to 11 liters / minute (up to 660 liters / hour) of very hot water between 60 ° C and 100 ° C. See more data at: https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcdLDSq8w3M&feature=youtu.be.

• a) Plantas indianas da SLT Energy Ltd para geração solar por vapor a partir de diversas calhas somadas (note que a movimentação das calhas ocorre pela captura fotovoltaica diurna e para acionar, gratuitamente, alguns motores) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AX0IBl_mR-w&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FC_tylX9Y8&feature=youtu.be
• b) Fabricação caseira, rápida e barata de calha parabólica nos EUA e com 01 caixa-estufa modulável de 3/8 polegadas em cobre próximo para água em apenas 100° C https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaBdsks41A4&t=102s&app=deskto p
• c) Parabólicas caseiras e grupais em pequeno projeto aquecedor de campo nos EUA em papel alumínio mais circuito interno fechado conforme necessário (vide descritivo acima) e com caixa-estufa modulável coletor térmico já em 1,0 pol. e para o alcance de água a 336 ° C em pleno sol, conforme teste no segundo link abaixo em que ele compara as eficientes elevadas da sua PTC com as baixas eficiências de captura térmica da água (apensa 93º em pleno sol) por em painéis ou placas planas (“flate plate”), aliás como já citados por diversos, mas muito em “moda” no Brasil) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MBzW62oOB0&feature=youtu.be Vide diversos comparativos em 2011 das calhas PTC em circuito lento/fechado com as placas solares tão comuns (“flat plate”) pelo mesmo autor/pesquisador, Sr. George Pihak, em: https://georgesworkshop.blogspot.com/2011/12/conclusions.html
• d) idem de calha parabólica na China com caixa-estufa modulável coletor próximo de 01 polegada - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iF44TIUxlvE&feature=youtu.be
• e) Parabólica paquistanesa simples e caseira, feita em alumínio e caixa-estufa modulável coletor já em ¾ pol. e com 04 sensores térmicos apenas para operar o tracker (não por timer); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rm50cSzPNBg
• f) Sistema de calhas parabólicas duplas especiais do Pesquisador Sergiy Yurko ucraniano (com injeção lenta por bomba especial TOPSFLO TS5-15PV mais válvulas retenção na entrada e válvulasregistro de controle de pressão na saída, tudo para aumentar a pressão interna e, assim, as temperaturas obtidas) para produção de água quente, sob pressão, em até 220° C (média 200° C) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGJB8lO-YpQ&feature=youtu.be
• g) calha parabólica especifica do Pesquisador Sergiy Yurko na Ucrânia para produção de ar condicionado pela captura solar, mediante chiller de absorção - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apn-Hz3COk4&feature=youtu.be

174) Now, evolving in the diagnosis, let us see and compare, then, my patent applications for solar thermal projects since 2017 (all already with protective patent applications in this INPI) with some small recent thermal capture projects in other countries, most of them homemade and the DIY type, as follows:

• a) Indian plants of SLT Energy Ltd for solar steam generation from several gutters added (note that the gutters move by daytime photovoltaic capture and to start some engines for free) - https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=AX0IBl_mR-w&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FC_tylX9Y8&feature=youtu.be
• b) Home made, fast and inexpensive parabolic gutter in the USA and with 01 3/8 inch modular greenhouse box in copper close to water at only 100 ° C https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaBdsks41A4&t = 102s & app = deskto p
• c) Home and group satellite dishes in a small field heater project in the USA in aluminum foil plus closed internal circuit as needed (see description above) and with a modular greenhouse thermal collector already in 1.0 ”. and for the reach of water at 336 ° C in full sun, as tested in the second link below, where he compares the high efficiency of his PTC with the low thermal capture efficiency of water (only 93º in full sun) through panels or flat plates (“flate plate”), as already mentioned by several, but very much in “fashion” in Brazil) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MBzW62oOB0&feature=youtu.be See several comparisons in 2011 of PTC gutters in a slow / closed circuit with such common solar plates (“flat plate”) by the same author / researcher, Mr. George Pihak, at: https://georgesworkshop.blogspot.com/2011/12/conclusions.html
• d) ditto of parabolic gutter in China with a collapsible greenhouse box close to 01 inch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iF44TIUxlvE&feature=youtu.be
• e) Simple and homemade Pakistani dish, made of aluminum and estufa in. and with 04 thermal sensors only to operate the tracker (not by timer); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rm50cSzPNBg
• f) Ukrainian Researcher Sergiy Yurko's special double parabolic gutter system (with slow injection by special TOPSFLO TS5-15PV pump plus inlet valves and outlet pressure control valves, all to increase internal pressure and, thus, temperatures obtained) for hot water production, under pressure, up to 220 ° C (average 200 ° C) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGJB8lO-YpQ&feature=youtu.be
• g) Researcher Sergiy Yurko's specific satellite dish in Ukraine for the production of air conditioning by solar capture, using an absorption chiller - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apn-Hz3COk4&feature=youtu.be

175) Returning to my purpose of this protective patent application for a “solar thermal collector metallic greenhouse box that can be modulated in a greenhouse, thermally insulated and protected” (differently from just normal and previous parabolic gutters and also double ones, such as those of Researcher Sergiy and with equal radius and also from my gutters from previous orders), the solar abstractions made possible therein will only occur internally, centrally and greatly reinforced by the so-called greenhouse effect, via the upper transparent opening plus its weatherproof cap plus thermal insulator at its top and adjustable / customizable by location.

176) In the case of the use of my “metallic and modular greenhouse box” for the production of heatable and circulating thermal fluid for local or group electrical generations and / or for refrigeration, a maximum demand of 0.17 to 0.45 can be estimated liter per minute of circulating thermal fluid and heated quickly up to 370 ° C to generate 01 raw KWht with steam at 100 ° C. This is not about supply, it is about demand, and in this my current metal solar greenhouse box , the average combined supply of thermal fluid per 04 thermal collector boxes - internal, interconnected, close, now with a 15 m coil with 304, 316 or 310 steel pipes and 3/4 in diameter. -, we understand that it can reach 150 liters / hour of circulating thermal fluid at 370 ° C (38 liters / hour for each frontal collection box with 1.0 m2), equal to up to possible 1,500 liters / 10 hours a day (up to possible 12 solar hours / day) for each complete metal heater box with only 4.0 m2 of front thermal collector (of hot water, on average at 80 ° C, would be 200 liters / hour for each complete metal greenhouse). Comparatively, in cold Ukraine - see before -, in recent June, with only 01 experimental and non-special collection box, the researcher Yurko obtained 103 liters / hour of hot water at an average of 70 ° C.

177) With such a possible production of 150 liters / hour (1,500 liters / 10 hours full day of light) of thermal fluid super heated to 370 ° C for each of my metallic greenhouse - now 50% more expensive than just for water hot - with only 4.0 m2 and a storage capacity of up to 2,000 liters / 10 hours a day, it would be possible to produce up to 1,100 kg / hour of steam at 104 ° C turbinable for electrical generation for up to 22 hours / day (corelation or ratio 07:01 steam / fluid and 12:01 hot water at 60 ° C / fluid, according to studies published by the University of Lahore - Pakistan - see above). With such expected steam production (1,100 liters / hour = 150 x 7), if you press correctly, it would be possible to generate up to 40 KWht thermal equivalent (equivalent to about 8 real KWh, enough to electrify up to 25 neighboring homes for 22 hours / day in a good project). We remind you that the small and inexpensive Indian turbine named VAMAN “The Midget" (Model VG16 from manufacturer Mizun Turbinesl) - with an approximate price of US $ 22 thousand to US $ 30 thousand (equal to US $ 1.4 thousand / KWh minimum) - consumes only 3,000 kg / hour = 0.3 ton./ hour of steam at 190 ° and in 15 bar to generate from 16 KWht to 50 KWht = 30 KWht mode. Such an average generation would occur with the possible combined offer of about 1,100 kg / hour of steam to be pressed (= 1.1 ton / hour) of steam, to be obtained via 150 liters / hour of circulating thermal fluid and by only 01 of my modular greenhouse box and still isolated and not hybridize with my singaseifiers.

178) In the case of experimental projects, researched by the Universities of Trento and Naples with the final thermal fluid supplied in an excellent volume of 125 liters / hour and reaching 370 ° C (the Naples projects also have slow and adequate booster pumps, as in the projects of Researcher Sergiy Yurko more of ours, - perhaps the biggest secret of such projects - even if it starts by gravity, plus a special steel check valve to support up to 370 ° C and allow high pressures of up to 15 bar plus final registration , ditto, to retain the output). It is worth remembering that in the projects, previously well described, in Trento and Naples, an average hourly supply of 1.8 to 2.4 liters / minute (average of 125 liters / hour) of thermal fluid at 370 ° C was achieved .

179) Let us see, now, a little more about the electric generations possible by the mini and medium electric generating turbines from India and other countries, in the form of rankine and not ORC, and their demand for steam to be produced by these my future “metal boxes” ”Or by my quick singaseifiers of debris, feces, waste, biomass, leftovers of food etc.

180) Thus, in a further differentiated and fundamental analysis, let's look at the data, efficiencies and offers for electric generating turbines and their demands for vapors or gases, comparing the demands for hot gases or for hot and pressured steam, for the mini turbines electric generators.

181) Also, let us analyze the steam demands, results, requirements and prices of Chinese and Indian micro and small generating turbines, even better and cheaper than those of other countries, and also before some national ones (unfortunately, still a lot expensive, cartelized, with possible profit margins of up to 1,000% more for public or state sales and, most, only for generations above 300 KWh - such as those from Siemens, WEG, GE and small Solidda turbinas, Engecrol , TGM etc ... - or, cheap, but with high steam consumption to generate only 01 KWh, as in the case of BR Mini).

182) Initially, see that in the USA, in September / 2017, GE Research surprised everyone in the generator world, showing behavioral and strategic changes, by presenting a fantastic new turbine with a weight of only 65 kg and a price of only 150 pounds (= R $ 750.00; only for the turbine, that is, without the CO2 producer and storage system), still powered only by carbon dioxide pressed under high temperature - perhaps also steam in the future - and capable of electrifying 10,000 residences (see https://youtu.be/ZDNADjH6NlY).

183) In Canada - also cheaply, although still not very efficient - there was a special turbine powered by steam at 250 ° C and pressed at 9 or 10 bar and with a consumption of only 6.8 ton./ hour/1.0 MW equal to only 6.8 kg / hour / 01 KW and 0.11 kg per minute / KW) if with water recovery (condensate). When possible at high pressure (30-50 bar) and at 400 ° C, steam consumption reduces to just an incredible 4.6 ton / hour of steam to generate 1.0 MWh (equal to just an incredible 4.6 kg of hot and pressed steam / 01 KWh). See http://www.vengeancepower.com.

184) In the Netherlands, the small company Greenturbine (http://www.greenturbine.eu/GT15.html) manufactures and sells small steam turbines to generate from 1.5 KWh to 15.0 KWh. The small turbine, weighing only 25 kg, rotates at 26,000 RPM to generate 15.0 KWh and consumes only 9.8 kg per hour / KW (0.04 kg / second) of steam with a pressure of 10-12 bar and in up to 220 ° C.

185) In China, manufacturer Jiahegroup of Shandong manufactures and sells, still cheaply (between $ 20,000 and $ 50,000 FOB CHINA, except for about 35% more total taxes and 2 freight up to Brazil, equal to about US $ 28,000 to US $ 68,000 / ud placed in Brazil) 8 models of steam turbines including their generators from 01 KWh to 500 KWh.

186) Obviously in such Jiahegroup turbines, the consumption, pressure and temperature of the steam vary according to the desired average generation. For example, to generate only 01 KWh in micro projects, steam consumption is high and around 80.0 kg / 01 KWh (equal to 0.4 ton. Hour / 01 KWh or 80 ton. Hour / 01 MWh) and with steam at 180 ° C and under pressure of 01 bar (0.98 mpa). As for generating 20 KWh in small projects to really electrify for up to 24 hours / day up to 70 middle class homes or with similar average consumption, the steam consumption lowers and is around 53.0 kg / 01 KWh (equal to 0, 5 t / hour / 20 KWh or 25 ton / hour / 01 MWh) and with steam at 180 ° C and under a pressure of 01 bar (0.98 mpa).

187) In India, NSF Groups' Nsterbo manufactures and sells mini steam turbines, 100% recoverable, to generate just 3.75 KWh, but with a high consumption of 230 kg / hour of steam at 250 ° C and only 0, 5 bar, that is, the steam consumption of this Indian of 61.3 kg hour / KWh is practically equal to that of the Brazilian BR Mini of high 70.0 kg hour / KW, as follows.

188) Still in India, let's look at the good, customized and inexpensive and Indian steam generating turbines from Mizun Enginiers (the most suitable for my electricity generation projects - isolated or condominium / building / rural / agro-industrial or hybrid groups (sun + biomass) / debris // garbage / feces etc ...), with or without thermal fluid - in Brazil). In April 2017, the Indian Mizun Group offered turbines for mini to small projects to generate from 1.0 KWh to 8.0 KWh, they manufacture the mini VAMAN "Le Petit" (Model VD01) with consumption of only 15 to 25 kg / steam per hour at 190 ° C at 10 bar and with slightly higher proportional costs and around Us $ 4.0 thousand - Us $ 6.0 thousand, CIF Brazil value (sea freight to Santos included).

189) For small projects to generate from 16 KWh to 50 KWh, they sell VAMAN “The Midget" (Model VG16) with an approximate price of US $ 22 thousand to US $ 30 thousand (equal to US $ 1.4 thousand / KWh minimum = 16 KWh - and with steam consumption only 3000 kg / hour = 0.3 ton / hour of steam at 190 ° C and at 10 bar (16 KWh) or at 20 bar (50 KWh).

190) For medium generations, they manufacture the steam turbine 'BHEEM capable of generating from 100 KWh to 900 KWh (with steam between 10 bar and 45 bar) for between Us $ 80 thousand (100 KWh) equal to Us $ 0, 80 thousand / KWh - and US $ 190 thousand (900 KWh) CIF Santos (as long as the volume of steam and the required pressure is achieved).

191) For large generations from 1,000 KWh to 3,500 KWh, they manufacture the turbine "HANUMAN The Mighty" (Model HG1500) with steam between 32 and 45 bar and which would arrive in Brazil for around US $ 170 thousand CIF Santos and equal to about of US $ 0.12 thousand / KWh (also equal to approximately US $ 60 thousand for 200 KWh, as long as the volume of steam and the necessary pressure is achieved). See more details and data at https://www.gmdu.net/product-56381.html.

192) In Brazil, in 2008, in a doctoral thesis by UNESP Guaratinguetá (SP) by Julio Cesar Batista - about micro electric power generation in his new Tesla steam turbine (100 KW generation) - the following were presented field results (page 80): a) At a necessary, constant and maximum steam flow rate from the boiler used (m = 220 kg / h), the demand was equal to high 4 kg / minute of steam or compressed air or gas ; b) There was a constant and absolute pressure at the turbine inlet to a constant 100 KWh of 8.3 bar (830 kpa) at a temperature of 172 ° C (dry saturated steam = title 1); c) The pressure at the turbine outlet reduced to 1.0 bar (100 kpa) and already at a temperature of 100 ° C (state of vapor saturation for liquid or condensed water). See https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/106422/batista_jc_dr_ guara.pdf? Sequence = 1.

193) In Brazil, the mini turbines generating hot pressed steam manufactured by BR mini, but which still demand very high volumes of hot steam of 70.0 kg hour / 01 KWht (equal to 1.2 kg or 1.2 liters / minute ) of steam at 6.9 bar and to generate 1.0 KWht. Still in the mini BR, the demands for steam heated to just 172 ° C in small boilers (low steam supply of less than 4 kg / minute) even at low pressure (only 8.5 bar) for micro generations were high and only allowed generations of up to 100 KWht, with high consumption, in the new Tesla turbines (see above).

194) So, based on the various demands and offers of hot and pressurized steam, described above, the hourly steam offers for my modern parabolic gutters previously, double or triple, and now in this my internal solar collector solar module greenhouse to supply and run the steam generating turbines, they will need to reach a maximum of approximately 6.0 ton./hour of pressed steam to generate 01 thermal MWht (equal to only low 6.0 kg / hour for 01 KWht and at 100 grams per minute to generate 01 KWht).

195) In Brazil, currently, the biggest technological and market challenges of solar heating and / or singaseifier of any size are obtaining, transmitting, using immediately or storing the high thermal production necessary and initial in the projects and, afterwards, providing the necessary thermal maintenance , much smaller since well managed.

196) In Brazil, for the generation of 300 real electric KWh in medium-sized projects to actually electrify for up to 24 hours / day about 1,000 middle class homes or buildings / offices / condominiums // agro-industries / clubs / hospital / airports / prison etc. ., the proportional consumption of steam lowers and is only around 13.0 kg / 01 KWht (now equal to 2.2 tonnes / 300 KWht or 7.3 tonnes / hour / 01 MWht) now with steam at 330 ° C and under pressure of 16 bar = 1.60 mpa (so it is now possible to generate efficiently and cheaply, via simple / isolated projects and with circulating thermal fluid and reheated up to 370 ° C, in my parabolic gutters or solar parabolic gutters or in my metallic greenhouse box solar thermal collector modular solar internal.

197) Also, we can have the sum of the thermal fluids produced / reheated in the same place or neighbors, continuously at 370 ° C and for up to 12 hours / day - from 06:00 hours to 18:00 hours - even if cloudy or with shadows, dust, etc., for this reason, my new metal greenhouse boxes, solar thermal collector, modulable inside and out, added together in isolation or, preferably, in the daytime solar hybrid form for fluid at 370 ° C more with the same type of fluid thermal, now evening at night at up to 550 ° C, coming from my small or medium-sized fast singaseifiers to process any biomass, waste, all waste, animal and human feces, all well pre-dehydrated etc ... - already with my orders of patents in Brazil.

198) Now, let's see some successful worldwide projects and thermal pickups, just via PTC parabolic solar gutters or paraboloids for the production of hot water or circulating thermal fluid, already working, more examples of my future isolated pool heating projects, of any size and location, with this my modular greenhouse solar thermal collector box or with my previous parabolic or paraboloid solar gutters, either in isolated projects or, better, if already solar source hybrids plus my fast singaseifiers. As already described, on the top of my quick singaseifiers of dirty raw materials, the temperature of the singas being processed can reach a very high 1,100 ° C, before being expelled for various uses. In the cases, of the uses of my singaseifiers to also reheat circulating thermal fluid (I have 2 patents in this way), it will be necessary good controls of height and with its thermal reach of the ascending spiral coils (01 to 03, superimposed, in 304 or 310 steel with up to 2 inches each) and the chamber with fluid and local pressures, in each equipment, since most fluids evaporate from 550 ° C, that is, they would no longer serve after this.

199) Both my future “metallic and modular greenhouse box”, as well as my previous double or triple PTC solar parabolic gutters, as well as my quick singaseifiers of dirty raw materials can, and should, be used a lot, in isolation or hybrid (rural, urban or peri-urban) in the initial heating and reheating of any types and sizes of swimming pools (both via hot water produced directly at 220 ° C but only for 10 to 12 hours / day capturing - at the most of 06:00 6:00 pm to 6:00 pm - as, mainly, via thermal fluid reheatable between 200 ° C to 370 ° C quickly in my equipment in the process of patenting. Also, they will serve for many industrial and home reheating, local or neighbors, as it adopts and suggests researcher Sergiy Yurko in his various solar capture projects in Ukraine and northern Europe - see before -, all in a much cheaper and more environmentally friendly way than electric forms or firewood / coal or natural gas or oil derivatives, today the most used.

200) In the USA, in places with much less sunshine than in Brazil, several parabolic gutters of the PTC type on offer, but expensive (E-bay, Amazon etc.), can already produce up to 4.0 liters / minute, equal to 240 liters / hour, of hot water at 75 ° C during peak thermal hours - great situation for total home or industrial heating at 60 ° C and pools at 29 ° C, but only for 10 to 12 hours / day - although already above the supply in Researcher Sergiy's project in Ukraine also for hot water, but being the one with water between 150 ° C and 220 ° C.

201) Still comparatively, on the e-bay website there is a small solar roof or wall heater with minimum dimensions of only 37 cm long x 24 cm wide x 90 cm deep (in thermo-siphon and with evacuated modular greenhouse - ET ), but already capable of heating, theoretically and according to the advertisement, up to 40 liters / minute of hot water at 50 ° C during peak thermal hours, so, even when stored, they will only be for 10 to 12 hours / day (still good for small pools, as they require 200-400 liters per hour of hot water, but at least at 90 ° C and to start heating the water to the ideal 30 ° C, but reducing a lot and to only about 120 liters / hour (2 liters / minute) when only for its thermal maintenance (losses only 0.48 ° C / hour), especially if the pool is well covered (losses only 0.12 ° C / hour) and with minimal demand, in this case, only about 70 liters / hour equal to 1.2 liters / minute - see diagnosis above by USP). See offer at: https://www.ebay.com/itm/Solar-Hot-Water-Heater-Kit-with-15-20-or-30- Evacuated-Tube-Collectors- / 331878211226? _Ul = BR.

202) In England, let us see the results of a demonstrative and simple system of the following video (“DIY Do It Yourself = do it yourself”), assembled by an English researcher and inventor (see film in English in the link below) in a wooden trough more mirrored aluminum foil plus suitable connections and only 31 cm long by 15 cm wide. As a demonstrative test, he heated a minimum of 228 ml of circulating water (half a glass in English measure) from 30 ° C for 4 hours / day (local ambient temperature) to 100 ° C (vapor point) in just 420 seconds (6 seconds for 01 degree) and equal to 7 minutes. Altogether, the system fit more than 2 liters of water. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvaObFjOuWQ&feature=youtube.

203) In Italy, at the beginning of 2018, the Universities of Naples and Trento (see diagnosis and graphs before) developed and manufactured a small solar collector system for rapid heating of molten salt in a place with low sun exposure (still using capture by copper solar pancake - “rodilhas” - and with excessive distance between the capturing and concentrating solar disk and the focal point in the pancake). At the analyzed daily thermal peak of just 30 minutes, the system offered 0.48 liters / minute of molten salt at 390 ° C and 8.5 bar between 12:39 pm and 12:42 pm, but reduced it to 0.19 liters / minute of thermal fluid at 370 ° C between 13:06 h and 13:09 h. (see “An innovative small-scale prototype plant integrating a solar dish concentrator with a molten salt storage system” at the link https://www.unitn.it/alfresco/download/workspace/SpacesStore/2ffa7d3ce76c-4b1a-9849- 3538caca0f18 / Final% 20Published% 20Paper% 20RENE2018.pdf.

204) Here, comparing and demonstrating the high possibilities of good and cheap heating projects for any swimming pools (not yet in Brazil, although already used in hotels in Europe - see the example of the hotel in Almeria - Spain before), it is good to remember that the possible thermal offer for my solar modular greenhouse box can be hot water up to 100 ° C (expected fashion of 80 ° C) with daytime sun capture for 6 to 12 hours / day in the open, or better, modern and highly efficient thermal fluid at up to 370 ° C and for use for up to 22 hours / day even on cloudy or rainy days, even being able to be stored on site or close to it, provided that it has a sufficient and safe area. Such daily use in hybrid solar projects with singaseification of local, condominium, building or micro-regional raw materials can extend its generator or heater uses to 24 hours / day, with everything adding up to the thermal fluid produced in a different way.

205) In Brazil, according to Agência FAPESP, it has already been possible to heat the water (not thermal fluid) to 180 ° C still in a normal and anterior PTC channel system with spiral coil (also using impeller pump and low flow plus check valve more exit record-retainer) according to a 2005 survey by UNESP Guaratinguetá (Researcher Teófilo and Researcher Gilberto). In normal similar systems, the water can only heat up to 60 ° C. See the article “Brazilian researchers create more efficient solar heaters” - Agência FAPESP - 09/27/2005 https://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/ noticia.php? article = 0101 15050927 & id = 010115050927 # .W3snuFRKjIU.

206) Also, all my equipment for solar capture can be used, locally or in groups, to desalinate large volumes of salt water (via condensation of steam, produced by the thermal fluid), as long as the tubes are resistant to salinity, corrosion and pressure.

207) In general, in Brazil and a good part of the other countries with advanced technologies, there are very expensive forms of small agro-industrial heating systems, more than residential pools or gyms or clubs, all with high heating consumption in autumn and winter, most of them still with high hourly consumption of dirty or clean / renewable energy, but not sustainable. In general, most use a high initial flow of water heated up to 90 ° C (below the vapor point) to quickly provide the initial temperature, for example, 30 ° C and then reduce and maintain it at 28 ° C (much below the steam point, that is, with much less possible thermal demand) and, better, with circulating thermal fluid for up to 15 hours to reheat the pools. In a thesis about USP - see below - the minimum temperature of 28 ° C was researched and considered as the ideal one for gym pools.

208) When the daily thermal maintenance is well done, especially if programmed pool coverings are provided by a good thermal layer (or by a good insulating system in the case of industrial demand), the requirements, only maintaining volumetric flow of hot water for swimming pools at only 28 ° C by the solar gutters or by this my modular greenhouse solar thermal collector box are not high. In general, industrial heating / steam demand varies from 45 ° C to 60 ° C and that for local internal heating from 30 ° C to 60 ° C - the most common - or 90 ° C.

209) Thus, according to a detailed diagnosis by USP (page 5 of the link below) in 2010, only comparatively, there was an average daily thermal loss of only -3.76 ° C in 8 hours in non-covered pools (equal to only -0, 48 ° C / hour) of 05 diagnosed gyms in São Paulo and, incredibly, only -1.94 ° C in 16 hours in an indoor swimming pool in the unused period, especially at night (equal to -0.12 ° C / hour ). See more details and many details about the dissertation by USP at http://www.tese.usp.br/tese/disponiveis/3/3146/tde20082010-150300/publico/Dissertacao_Claudio_Azer_Maluf.pdf. In general, aqua aerobics pools require + 42% more heating than the others.

210) Let us see more detailed calculations, based on the data above and according to the simple formula of transferred heat (Q = mcΔt) to reheat every 1,000 liters of non-covered thermal pool and for swimming or leisure (not for water aerobics) and with high losses considered up to -1.00 ° C per hour (conservative rounding upwards and considering the thermal losses of -3.76 °, occurring in 8 hours, these equal to 0.50 ° C per hour (according to the above thesis).

211) Next, see calculations of the amount of water needed to raise the average temperature of a swimming pool from 27 ° C to 29 ° C directly with hot water at 90 ° C obtained only in these my metallic and modular greenhouses (or indirectly and heated) continuously via heat exchange with thermal fluid circulating between 200 ° C and 370 ° C until it needs to be reheated in my thermal producing systems - in this greenhouse box or in my various PTC gutters, cylindrical tubes etc ... all solar collectors or singaseifier) in small pool, for example only for calculations, with 1,000 liters (considering the density of 1.0 liter = 01 kg):
Formula Heat transferred Q = mcΔt or (mc .Δt) = - (mcΔt) and density of 1.0, that is, equal;
(1000.1. (29-27) = -m.1. (27-90);
1000.1.2 = -m. (- 63);
2000 = m 63;
m = 31.7 liters to reheat 1,000 liters.
Result: m = 31.7 liters / hour, that is, 32 kg per hour of water at 90 ° C would be needed to reheat every 1,000 liters of semi-cold pool water from 27 ° C to 29 ° C, the ideal temperature for most of swimming pools for adults with water (for children, a pool with water up to 30 ° C is required), provided that maximum thermal losses of -1.0 ° C per hour (conservatively maximized losses based on detected losses and up to -3.76 ° C in 8 hours, as diagnosed above) and in non-covered swimming pools, such losses may be as low as -0.5 ° C per hour in well-covered swimming pools without water aerobics, which will - conservatively - halve the above demand.

212) In my protective patent application, this is my complete small greenhouse box, modular, square or rectangular and properly tilted to the position with the best daily solar capture (useful area of 4.0 m2 with 4 frontal capture modules of 1.0 m2 each, stacked 2 by 2 and side-by-side, and with a maximum approximate storage of up to 2,000 liters, contained in the dimension of 2.0 m high x 2.0 m wide x 0.50 cm depth), the hourly production added and stored water between 60 ° C and 100 ° C for each 1.0 m2 module, depending on the time and day (average 80 ° C), may reach 200 liters / hour and 2,000 liters / 10 hours on days with 10 hours of full sun (from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm), that is, production of up to 50 liters / hour for each isolated front box pickup module and with 1, 0 m2. Of this estimated total volume of 2,000 liters / day, about 60% (1,200 liters / 10 hours or 120 liters / hour) will be released continuously for immediate heating of even homes with water at 60 ° C, including or perhaps a small pool standard with up to 6,000 liters of water at 30 ° C. 40% of the volume produced (800 liters / 10 hours or 80 liters / hour) will be stored in the greenhouse for afternoon and evening use between 5:01 pm and 11:00 pm: 00 h.

213) As the total consumption of hot water at 60 ° C - including its part in a small collective pool at 30 ° C, necessarily covered adequately in the afternoon and at night, see before - of a residence with an average of 4 adults can be estimated at up to 250 liters / day of water on average at 80 ° C, such production (200 liters / hour equal to 2,000 liters / 10 hours of day with full sun of very hot water on average at 80 ° C) in a single small box The greenhouse can - theoretically - be sufficient to meet the full thermal demand for 7 neighboring or nearby homes, in order to have the minimum thermal loss in transport.

214) Such estimated total demand is based on the consumption of 16.0 liters / day per adult for 01 bath plus the same volume of 16.0 liters / day for consumption in taps, washing machine and ditto dishes plus about 35 liters / day per adult to meet demand in 14 hours / day for a collective pool at 30 ° C; all totaling almost 67 liters / day / adult. As already described, there is an ideal and widely used relationship that with each 1.0 liter of hot water preheated to 60 ° C (16.0 liters / adult per bath) it is possible to heat 2.3 liters of water at a good temperature (40 ° C), by adding 1.3 liters of cold water at least 25 ° C (19.0 liters / adult) to achieve the ideal total volume of 35 liters / adult per bath. As for the heating for 14 hours / day of a collective pool with 6,000 liters, for example, at 30 ° C, and for collective use by 60 people equal to 100 liters / person / day to reheat (15 apartments / homes with an average of 4 adults each) with each 1.0 liter of hot water at 60 ° C, 1.8 liters of water from this pool can be heated, totaling 2.8 liters (demand of approximately 2,100 liters / hour / 60 people of water at 80 ° C, equal to 35 liters / hour / person).

215) In the case of thermal capture by this my greenhouse box for the continuous production of good hourly volumes of modern thermal fluids (“Therminol VP II” or “LANLCX-500” or even of soy or canola oil etc ..- see more data below) circulating and stocking up to 550 ° C (in this case, heatable up to 370 ° C) for the production of hot water at 60 ° C for different purposes and / or home or industrial steam at 104 ° C for different uses , even in a turbinable way - see about the cheap and efficient Indian generating turbines at the end - also for electric generation and / or cooling by absorption chiller etc ... local or group / building / condominium / club calculations will have to be carried out ... especially, observing an excellent ratio or benefit / cost ratio.

216) In the case of production and use of steam at 104 ° C, via thermal fluids, for very cheap electrical generations, own and even for sales, I mention that in India, there are mini generating turbines, of the Tesla type, with low steam consumption in India, with the VAMAN turbine “The Midget" (Model VG16 from the manufacturer Mizun Turbines - see at the end) with an approximate price of US $ 22 thousand to US $ 30 thousand (equal to US $ 1.4 thousand / minimum KWh) it only consumes 3,000 kg / hour = 0.3 ton./ hour of steam at 190º and in 15 bar to generate from 16 KWh electric to 50 KWh electric = mode of real 30 KWh electric. Such an average generation of 30 KWh effective in this case, with the possible total offer of about 1,100 kg / hour (= 1.1 ton / hour) of steam, via 150 liters / hour of thermal fluid for only 04 of my modular greenhouse boxes and still isolated and only solar and not yet hybridized with my possible local / group / building, evening and night singaseifiers, of dirty raw materials, feces, residues etc .. - would be sufficient, in good projects and in places with good average solar irradiance for at least 10 hours / day until 14 hours / day, to meet the demand of many middle class homes (proven average demand of 330W hour in Brazil), provided that close, without losses and already connected to the network (“grid-in” system). In conclusion, it should be noted that it is also possible to generate some local electricity or for neighboring use in good projects (as long as they are also connected in the “grid-in”) even in places with small steam production of only 20 liters / hour = 0 , 02 t./hour in just 01 modular greenhouse solar thermal collector.

217) The same Indian company above manufactures and sells a special mini turbine, VAMAN "Le Petit" (Model VD01) and with consumption of only 15 to 25 kg / steam per hour at 190 ° C in 10 bar, It is capable of generate from 1.0 KWh to 8.0 KWh in a good thermal project (5 KWh mode, sufficient for 15 neighboring residences) and with slightly higher proportional costs, around US $ 4.0 thousand - US $ 6, 0 thousand / unit, CIF Brazil value (sea freight to Santos included).

218) Now, detailing my patent application for the development and manufacture of this “internal modular and greenhouse solar thermal collector box”, see the main explanatory notes for each Arabic type “numerical marker” presented in the drawing also attached :
a) Marker 01 - Such my greenhouse box named above are composed - in a joint way and never isolated by the necessary interconnection in a short space - of the sum of 3 non-patentable items separately: a) At least 02 collection / storage boxes frontal thermal plants with 1.0 m2 of liquid area each and stacked / overlapping 01 to 01 or more in parallel and containing one or more spiral coils, thermal collectors deposited on top, or buried, in solid or liquid bulky material, highly collector, transferor and thermal storage (sand, asphalt or thermal capture fluids, in this case, trapped in a glass box at the bottom). The maximum number of gutters, in parallel or stacked, will depend on the availability of area on site, the demand for each project and the necessary volume of the highly thermal liquid to be produced to fulfill its intended purposes (hot water or thermal fluid), as they are inclined. In the small project, the standard of this report, we describe and deal with 01 complete greenhouse box with 4.0 m2 of liquid area, obtained by the sum of 04 frontal steel storage / storage boxes with 1.0 m2 of net area each , superimposed on a single wooden or metalon platform with 5 cm wide on the sides and bottom and to capture and store up to 2,000 liters of water or 1,500 liters of circulating thermal fluid, both heated / reheated in at least 10 hours a day. Each thermal pickup / storage box will be fitted in a special receptacle, also square and of adequate size, to be built in heavy metal or steel and all welded to the posterior support profiles of the complete greenhouse box - see final item; b) A tank / box in special AISI 304 or 316 steel to contain / store up to 2,000 liters of very hot fluids and attached / welded to the bottom of the 4 frontal collector / storage boxes, installed 02 to 02 in parallel and in overlap, as in the standard design; c) At least 03 supports for great weight well distributed among them (up to 2,500 kg in the sum of more solid liquids), built in the shape of bars - capable of opening / closing safely and having good weight support - with the head upper and rear feet rotatable / movable (fixed in links of resistant chains, in turn, with the ends of these well fixed to the floors or local supports), and with 03 vertical profiles plus 03 inclined (02 on the sides plus 01 in the center ) and with a height of up to 240 cm; 15 cm wide and 8 cm deep, in carbon steel or heavy metal. In order to give more strength and resistance to displacements and against winds, rains etc., there will also be 3 longitudinal beams - like rear straps, one upper, one medium and one lower - with the same material, each 200 cm long, 15 cm wide cm and depth of 8 cm. Such supports will be movable on the ground, always carrying their loads, and regulated, at least once every two months - by re-fixing simple screws in iron by means of displacements and reintroductions into 06 equally spaced holes (to be determined by location) and contained in your front feet - until the total inclination / curvature of 42 degrees north in June in Brazil (16 degrees normal for the highest solar abstraction per location + 26 degrees maximum annual inclination of the earth in the sun) of the complete greenhouse box in relation to at the flat level of your floor, remembering that daily sunlight and of any size and location (thermal irradiance) will always travel freely through the mouth of such a greenhouse box - with its 2 or more thermal collector / storage boxes -, only in the sense East-West and cannot be regulated daily.
Observations: a) In order to dimension the specific daily thermal demands for hot water at 60 ° C for home heating, industrial and other places and / or swimming pools at 30 ° C, see and analyze the thermal demands very well before in this same report. estimated ONLY hot water per person / day and per household with an average of 04 adults / day (estimated total consumption between 125 liters / day - without small collective pool and without large concierge / accommodation / cafeteria employees - and 250 liters, with small swimming pool up to 6,000 liters and with water demand at 30 ° C plus other places, also with water demand at 60 ° C. In Brazil, it is known that for home thermal and pool heating, there is another ideal relationship widely used that with each 1.0 liter of hot water preheated to 80 ° C (16.0 liters / adult per bath) it is possible to heat 2.3 liters of water in a good bath temperature (40 ° C), by adding at least 1.3 liters of cold water at 25 ° C (19.0 liters / adult) to reach the ideal total volume of 35 liters / adult per bath. As for the heating for 14 hours / day of a collective pool with 6,000 liters, for example, at 30 ° C, and for collective use by 60 people equal to 100 liters / person / day to reheat (15 apartments / homes with an average of 4 adults each) with each 1.0 liter of hot water at 80 ° C, 1.8 liters of water from this pool can be heated, totaling 2.8 liters (demand of approximately 2,100 liters / hour / 60 people of water at 80 ° C, equal to 35 liters / hour / person); b) How the total consumption of home hot water at 60 ° C - including its part in a small collective pool at 30 ° C, necessarily covered adequately in the afternoon and at night, see before - of a residence with an average of 4 adults can be estimated maximum of up to 250 liters / day of hot water only, such hot water production possible in each of my small greenhouse box with 4.0 m2 (up to 200 liters / hour equal to 2,000 liters / 10 hours of day with very hot water on average at 80 ° C, with 60% of that hourly production for immediate consumption and 40% of storage for evening and night uses) can - theoretically - be enough to meet the full thermal demand for up to 7 homes neighboring or near, in order to have the minimum thermal losses in transport; c) When choosing, or if necessary, the continued reheating - at least 10 hours / day, but possible for up to 14 hours / day - of a lot of circulating or stored thermal fluid (up to 150 liters / hour and 1,500 liters / 10 minimum hours) for purposes of energy generation and / or air conditioning and / or much higher production of hot water at 30 ° C or 60 ° C and / or industrial or turbocharged steam at 104 ° C, the situation, shapes, designs, yields / benefits and, above all, the costs change a lot, compared to the above, much simpler and only for very hot water, but all the details about it can also be seen in the body of this specification. It is also good to remember that a middle class residence with up to 05 people (3 adults plus 2 children) only consumes an average of 350 W / hour of electricity. Idem that with each 01 liter of circulating thermal fluid or stored at 370 ° C (also, 60% for immediate use and 40% to be stocked for late night uses) it is possible to produce in good projects up to 7.0 liters / kg of turbinable steam or up to 12.0 liters of hot water at 60 ° C; d) All field tests (especially the fundamental and initial tests for the actual determinations of the average local solar thermal offer, if possible even monthly, as provided by several special sites such as ANEEL and local generators / sellers / buyers, in the form irradiance and loss maps) - will be effective and well noted up to 6 times at different times of peak and solar thermal valley on the initial day (after each year in the necessary adjustments or when with high incidence of winds and / or heavy rains and / or local hail), all before welding and fixing / refixing, and via laser beam emission plus measurements by infrared photo-thermometer (digital thermal metering gun at a distance) of the absorbed / stored thermal from the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the coil more, internally, by the thermal stock elements (sand or asphalt or thermal oils or fluids, with up to 140 kg of synthetic asphalt bonding CAP 30-45 (up to 162 ° C) or AMB 22 (up to 180 ° C) with specific low heat and possible thermal preservation until 8:30 pm for each 1.0 m2 modular collection box) more on each side and on the back side of each box / insulated thermal storage more in the pipes / connection pipes and in the entrance and exit of the entire modular solar thermal collecting greenhouse box;
b) Marker 02 - Details of the mobile system, type ratchet or lever, located at the top end of the stringer / main weight support profile, resettable and bimonthly regulator of the ideal inclination of the complete metallic greenhouse box in the North direction, by means of an extensible cable and according to the data described in Marker 01 above and Marker 05 below more in the body of this report;
c) Marker 03 - Stringer / vertical profile full of weight support, as already described in Marker 01 above;
d) Marker 04 - Lower and longitudinal support beam, part of the 3 necessary beams and as described in Marker 01 above;
e) Marker 05 - Details of the stringer / vertical profile inclined to support the weight, this being with its foot movable forwards or backwards for the necessary bimonthly adjustments of angles in the North direction, all as described above in Marker 01;
f) Marker 06 - Internal details of each thermal box / storage box with 40 cm of depth and complete top cover in transparent acrylic, thermal resistant and retractable / accessible. The side walls and the bottom of the box will be completely closed with 12 cm of Styrofoam and, at the end, all exposed or possible parts of such a thermal pickup / storage box will also be covered / packed with thin “mylar” type paper. The bottom of the box contains up to 130 kg of asphalt with good alloy and on which the 02 spiral coils with up to 15 meters each rest, half-dipped / inserted (totaling 120 m of spiral coil in the total of each metallic greenhouse box complete) and with its ¾ inch pipes / tubes, either in copper well painted black with metallic insulating paint and good thermal absorber - not by spray or oil -, if only for super hot water, that is, in 304 steel, for circulating thermal fluid and storage for various purposes. In the real bottom - and weldable to the storage tank of super hot water or stored fluid - there will be a metallic structure, unique and unique, but also square and in heavy metal or carbon steel;
g) Marker 07 - Details of the volumetric flows of transfer of thermal fluids (water, oil or fluid) as they capture solar heating, in the 7 known ways, whether they are more indirect from the greenhouse environment and by reflecting more of the diffused light more than called “albedo”, in this case because they are semi-buried in the fundamental constant local thermal pickup and storage, be it solid (asphalt or others) or liquid (vegetable oils or thermal fluid, contained in a shallow-encapsulated glass inner container (10 to 20 cm) height) and in the same shape and area, necessarily, the slower and higher in volume the thermal capture going through such coils, the larger and better the volumes supplied at high temperatures and, thus, the recurring uses of very hot water or circulating or stocking thermal fluid and the hours of daily service will be greater, whether in the form of heating and / or local or micro-regional electrical generation;
h) Marker 08 - Details of the flow and the indicative colors of the connecting tubes / pipes - in different gauges and materials, according to the ends and means - between each spiral coil, always entering from below and exiting above and towards the floor higher when existing, since hot fluids always rise;
i) Marker 09 - Everything from cold water to be heated or circulating thermal fluid to be reheated in different gauges and materials depending on the purposes and means. For this purpose, both will be propelled very slowly (fundamental), using special TOPSFLO TS5-15PV mini pumps or similar, such as “Viking C32” to propel hot water at 300 ° C or “MVV Asco VL805” for thermal fluid impulsion at 370 ° C, mostly imported, and capable of pumping at least 4 liters / minute of fluid or hot water, equal to 240 liters / hour (Note: in the Free Market there is a Chinese 12 V submersible pump and 18W steel consumption stainless steel plus some plastic-metal items, operating at 8,500 RPM, but low pressure of 25 PSI (only 1.7 bar) and offering hot fluids up to 12 liters / minute = 720 liters / hour) and to withstand temperatures up to 850 ° C and pressures of 30 bar for water and up to 45 bar for fluid. Also, in the same way and in order to reach such high temperatures and good volumes produced during the hours of real solar capture (between 10 to 12 hours / day), it will be essential to install at the beginning of each of this modular solar thermal collector greenhouse box a special retaining valve in AISI 304 steel, or better, if 310, plus a retention register and output control at the end of the circuit, all in AISI 304 steel, or 310, also to withstand high temperatures and pressures as in their impeller pumps. These technical-operational / manufacturing details plus the good mandatory DAILY controls of each set or system are - visibly, although little publicized and even hidden - the great secrets of obtaining good volumes and under high temperatures, both in the gutters in field projects of Researcher Sergiy Yurko in Ukraine (water up to 220 ° C), as in the experimental project by the Universities of Trento and Naples (thermal fluid up to 370 ° C) more by the universities of Badaling in China and Almeria in Spain more by the North American inventor, Sr George Pihak (water up to 336 ° C, the point of its glow), as will also occur in this simple, inexpensive and, certainly, very efficient “metal solar greenhouse box modular in a greenhouse, isolated and thermally protected environment ”;
j) Marker 10 - Tube / pipe at the end of a very hot thermal circuit connecting the top of the last pickup box / thermal storage with the bottom of the tank / storage box of up to 2,000 liters of already very hot fluids, as described in Marker 01;
k) Marker 11 - Details of the upward flows of fluids already superheated towards the top of the tank / storage box and liquids, where the outlet of the system is located, that is, after traveling up to 120 meters of conductive pipes / tubes heating or reheating continuously, via solar in its various forms and volumes;
l) Marker 12 - Final exit of liquids already fully reheated from my greenhouse system. After receiving their thermal loads requested by each project, the hot water or thermal fluid will be transported, quickly, for direct use in local heating or for thermal transfer equipment to produce steam for various purposes and / or for processors to follow, depending on the temperatures achieved, and where highly thermal liquids are required. The ideal, in good field projects, individual or neighbors, for good heating (including swimming pools of any size or residential / building / condominiums, total or industrial) or local or group electrical generations, idem above, is that about 60% to 70% % of all heated water or reheated fluid every minute (as indicated and very well calculated by the excellent projects of the type “Thermoflex”, the technical basis of the large heliothermic solar plants with high thermal efficiency and proven generators - see at the beginning) destined for immediate or only daytime missions (even in full sun), all operating via the so-called heat exchangers already manufactured in Brazil (“heat exchanger” or “heat transfer”) - see full texts at the beginning. In these, in large, well-sealed and even airtight steel tanks or tanks (or even in inexpensive fiber cement boxes), water enters the circulation below (now pressed by the special pump of the final system, such as swimming pool pumps, etc.) demand) and comes out on top already hot or in the form of steam and passes through central spiral coils wherever - without having direct contacts - hot water or circulating thermal fluid passes, still pressed by the mini pumps. Already, according to each project, about 30% to 40% of the water or fluids production will, mandatorily, be well stocked (see before) and even without the active sun for thermal and generator uses, evening and night (water for up to 16 hours / day and thermal fluid for producing a lot of heating / reverse cooling absorbed in chiller or energetic steam and for up to 22 hours / day total, as widely used in the “Thermoflex” system). In the large heliothermic solar plants, the maximum thermal losses when in generation represent about -7.0% per hour - see beginning. In the small and medium PTC solar gutters of the researcher Yurko - to heat water between 120 ° C and 250 ° C - the hourly thermal losses, measured when in operation, represented only -5.0% per hour, reducing to just - 2.0% to -3.0% per hour when to capture, reheat and operate with circulating or stocking thermal fluid between 370 ° C and 550 ° C (several modern fluids - see before - and with a wide usable thermal range) and even at 950 ° C (“molten salt, but this with a small usable thermal range).

Claims (5)

“Solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes” (or with the following similar names, also to be protected, as modular solar thermal collector equipment, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal panel, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal system, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal frame, with coils, stew and storage either as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal assembly, with coils, stew and storage, or as a metallic collector group solar thermal module, with coils, stewed and storage), characterized by being modular in the form of one to several thermal collector boxes, with a minimum area of 1.0 m2 each, in parallel and / or overlapping shapes, all to expand the catches per area more to store thermally for longer and reduce sales costs and prices; “Solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes” (or with the following similar names, also to be protected, as modular solar thermal collector equipment, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal panel, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal system, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal frame, with coils, stew and storage either as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal assembly, with coils, stew and storage, or as a metallic collector group solar thermal module, with coils, stewed and store) also characterized by containing in each thermal collector box, with a minimum area of 1.0 m2, up to 02 spiral coils in copper or steel up to 15 m in length and ¾ inches, all to increase the catches per area more to store longer and reduce sales costs and prices; “Solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes” (or with the following similar names, also to be protected, as modular solar thermal collector equipment, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal panel, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal system, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal frame, with coils, stew and storage either as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal assembly, with coils, stew and storage, or as a metallic collector group solar thermal module, with coils, stewed and storage) also characterized by having and using in each thermal collector, with a minimum area of 1.0 m2, solid thermal storage, below or next to the coils, with up to 140 kg of synthetic asphalt bonding CAP 30-45 (up to 162 ° C ) or AMB 22 (up to 180 ° C) with low specific heat and possible thermal preservation until 8:30 pm, all to increase catches per area more to store for longer and reduce costs and sales prices; “Solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes” (or with the following similar names, also to be protected, as modular solar thermal collector equipment, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal panel, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal system, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal frame, with coils, stew and storage either as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal assembly, with coils, stew and storage, or as a metallic collector group solar thermal module, with coils, stewed and storage) also characterized by having, in the set of the greenhouse box or in each thermal collection box, with a minimum area of 1.0 m2, the impulsion of the fluids to be heated and effecting by means of a low flow mini-pump more retentions at the entrance and exit by steel valves for high temperatures and pressures, all to increase catches per area plus store for longer and reduce sales costs and prices; “Solar thermal collector box, modular, stewed and with coils over asphalt or abrasive liquids for heating and storage of water or thermal fluid for various purposes” (or with the following similar names, also to be protected, as modular solar thermal collector equipment, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal panel, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal system, with coils, stew and storage or as a modular solar thermal collector metal frame, with coils, stew and storage either as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector module, with coils, stew and storage, or as a modular solar thermal collector metal assembly, with coils, stew and storage, or as a metallic collector group solar thermal module, with coils, stewed and store), also characterized by coupling / adding to the bottom of the greenhouse box set - with one or many isolated collection boxes, with a minimum area of 1.0 m2 each, added together, a steel tank to store at least 500 liters of heated fluids for each collection box module, all to increase catches by area plus store for longer and reduce sales costs and prices.

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