BR102018014313A2 - COMPOSITE PANEL THAT HAS COMPLETE VOLUME FORMAT BRIDGE ARC STRUCTURE BEARING PANEL AND CURTAIN WALL FORMED BY COMPOSITE PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a composite panel having a bearing panel of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge arch structure and a curtain wall formed by the composite panel, which refers to the technical field of panels. The composite panel having a bearing panel of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge arch structure includes m plates and m-1 bearing panels. a first bearing panel has a first surface and a second surface opposing each other. the first surface has a plurality of first protrusions of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge arch structure extending toward a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate. the second surface has a plurality of second protrusions of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge arch structure extending toward the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other plate. the composite panel having a full-size volute-shaped full-length bridge arch frame bearing is light due to a hollow structure and at the same time two adjacent plates are supported by the plurality of first protrusions of an arch structure volute-shaped full dimensional bridge structure and the plurality of second protrusions of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge structure to ensure the resilience and stiffness of the composite panel having a bearing frame of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge, and to enhance the applicability of the composite panel having a bearing panel of a volute-shaped full dimensional bridge arch structure.

Description

COMPOSITE PANEL THAT HAS COMPLETE DIMENSIONAL BRIDGE ARCH STRUCTURE PANEL IN VOLUME FORMAT AND CURTAIN FORMED BY THE COMPOSITE PANEL Cross Reference to Related Orders [0001] This application claims priority to a Patent Application CH 2017114414379 filed with the Office of Intellectual Property of the State on December 27, 2017 and entitled Composite Board having Bearing Board of Volute-shaped Full-dimensional Bridge Arch Structure and Curtain Wall Formed by the Composite Board, the complete content of which is incorporated into this document as a reference.

Field of the Technique [0002] The present disclosure refers to the technical field of the panel and, in particular, to a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional arch arch structure in volute shape and a curtain wall formed by the panel of composite.

Background of the Technique [0003] With the continuous development of science and technology, more and more panels are applied to the fields of architectural curtain walls, interior decorations, wagons of a high-speed train and a subway train, etc. In order to comply with the application requirements in these fields of application, these panels must have characteristics such as high resistivity, uniformity and flame resistance and flame retardant.

[0004] At the moment, the vast majority of panels, which meet the above characteristics in order to be

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2/40 applied to the above fields, are single layer metal plates. Although single layer metal plates meet the above performance requirements to a certain extent, it is difficult to achieve automated, large-scale production in the post-processing of single layer metal plates. In addition, single-layer metal plates have a low weight-to-resistivity ratio, resulting in a large amount of material consumption, which can hardly meet the lightness requirement of materials in current applications, thereby limiting the scope of the order.

Disclosure Summary [0005] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing shell in volute shape and a curtain wall formed by the composite panel, which can attenuate effectively at least one of the above deficiencies.

[0006] The modalities of the present disclosure are implemented as follows.

[0007] In a first aspect, one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing a volute shape. The composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape includes M plates and M-1 bearing panels. The M plates are arranged sequentially. A bearing space between each two adjacent plates of the M plates is provided with a first bearing panel, in which each bearing space corresponds

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3/40 to a first bearing panel. Each of the first bearing panel is any one of the M-1 bearing panels, and M is an integer not less than 2. The first bearing panel has a first surface and a second surface in opposition to each other. The first surface has a plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface has a plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other plate.

[0008] In the present embodiment, there is a bearing space between two adjacent plates, so that the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute form forms a hollow structure. Each bearing space is provided with a first bearing panel, and the first surface of the first bearing panel has a plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface of the first bearing panel has a plurality of second protrusions of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other board. Therefore, the

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4/40 composite that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is light due to the hollow structure and, at the same time, the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a volumetric full dimensional bridge arch structure are guaranteed by the plurality of first protrusions of a volute dimensional complete bridge arch structure and by the plurality of second protrusions of a volute complete dimensional bridge arch structure that supports two corresponding adjacent plates, thereby significantly improving the applicability of the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape in various fields.

[0009]

Optionally, plurality of first protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged on the first surface in a first matrix, and plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged in the second surface in a second matrix.

[0010]

In the present embodiment, in the case where a plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged in a first matrix and the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged in a second matrix, the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in

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5/40 volute shape and the plurality of second protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape form a support for the two corresponding adjacent plates, so that a force is applied uniformly integrally to each plate in the panel. composite that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape. Therefore, the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape has extremely high compressive strength, and even in the case where the panel has a large size, a high uniformity of the entire panel can be maintained.

[0011] Optionally, each of the plurality of the first protuberances of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape formed on the first surface is projected on the second surface in a position where the second matrix of the plurality of second protuberances of a structure of complete dimensional bridge arch in volute shape forms a gap; wherein each of the plurality of second protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape formed on the second surface is projected on the first surface in a position where the first matrix of the plurality of the first protuberances of an arch structure of complete dimensional bridge in volute shape forms a gap; and each first protuberance of a full dimensional volumetric arch arch structure forms a sinuous structure with a second adjacent protuberance

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6/40 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0012] In the present modality, in the case where each of the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape formed on the first surface is projected on the second surface in a position where the second matrix of the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in a volute shape forms a gap, and each of the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure formed in the second surface is also projected on the first surface in a position where the first array of the plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional bridge arch structure forms a gap, so that each first protrusion of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure forms a structure winding with a second adjacent protuberance of a st full dimensional bridge arch rupture in volute format. With the winding structure, full use of the surface region of a first bearing panel is accomplished when the plurality of first protuberances of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and the plurality of second protuberances of a bridge arch structure complete dimensional form in volute form are arranged on the first bearing panel, so that the material and cost to manufacture the first bearing panel can be saved and, at the same time, the first bearing panel

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7/40 is provided with as many first protrusions of the complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape as possible.

[0013] Optionally, an edge of each first protrusion of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is connected to an edge of at least one first protuberance adjacent to a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, among the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0014] In the present embodiment, in the case where an edge of each first protrusion of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is connected to an edge of at least a first adjacent protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute form, among the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute form, the surface region of the first bearing panel is additionally used in a complete way, so that the material and the cost to manufacture the first bearing panel can be saved and, at the same time, the first bearing panel is additionally provided with more first protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0015] Optionally, a part of each first protuberance of a dimensional bridge arch structure

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Complete 8/40 in volute format, which is connected to a plate, is a plane.

[0016] In the present modality, in the case where a part of each first protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, which is connected to a plate, is a plane, the area of a position in which each first protrusion of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is connected to a plate is increased, so that the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is more firmly connected to a plate and has a better holding effect on a plate, which additionally increases the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel which has a bearing panel of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape.

[0017] Optionally, an edge of each second protrusion of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is connected to an edge of at least a second adjacent protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, among the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0018] In the present embodiment, in the case where an edge of each second protrusion of a full dimensional arch bridge structure is connected to an edge of at least a second adjacent protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format, among the plurality of seconds

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9/40 protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, the surface region of the first bearing panel is additionally used in full, so that the material and cost to manufacture the first bearing panel can be saved and, at the same time, the first bearing panel is additionally provided with second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0019] Optionally, a part of each second protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, which is connected to the other plate, is a plane.

[0020] In the present modality, in the case where a part of each second protuberance of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, which is connected to the other plate, is a plane, the area of a position in which each second protrusion of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is connected to the other plate is increased, so that the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is more firmly connected to the other plate and have a better lift effect on the other board, which additionally increases the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel which has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing in volute shape.

[0021] Optionally, M is 2.

[0022] Optionally, M is 3.

[0023] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a

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10/40 composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, characterized by including:

N plates, where the adjacent plates of the N plates are placed side by side, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; and support means that are mounted between the two adjacent plates, where the support means include a plurality of volute units arranged in a predefined manner, each of which among the plurality of volute units includes a first flat portion and a portion of connection, and the connecting portion extends from the first flat portion in a direction opposite to the first flat portion, the connecting portion has a first concave and a second concave facing away from each other, where the first concave is extends from a first position of an edge of the first flat portion in a direction opposite to the first flat portion, and the first concave is lowered towards the second concave, and the second concave extends from a second position, opposite the first position, from edge of the first flat portion in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, and the second concave is lowered in towards the first concave. [0024] Optionally, the adjacent volute units are connected to each other.

[0025] Optionally, the volute unit additionally includes a second flat portion, and ends of the

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11/40 concave seconds of the adjacent volute units, in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, are connected through the second flat portion.

[0026] Optionally, the plurality of volute units is distributed in a rectangle matrix.

[0027] Optionally, one end of the connecting portion of each volute unit, in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, includes four arcuate end surfaces, and the arcuate end surfaces are configured so that adjacent volute units are connected to each other through the arcuate end surfaces; and the four arcuate end surfaces are distributed symmetrically with respect to each other.

[0028] Optionally, the adjacent arcuate end surfaces are connected by a secondary inwardly lowered concave; and the adjacent secondary concaves form an intersecting line.

[0029] Optionally, the intersection line is located at the top of an arc of the arcuate end surface.

[0030] Optionally, both the first concave and the second concave are smooth curved surfaces.

[0031] Optionally, the means of support are in a centrimetric pattern.

[0032] Optionally, both the first flat portion and the second flat portion are circular.

[0033] In a second aspect, one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a curtain wall formed by

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12/40 composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape. The curtain wall includes the described composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the modalities of the present disclosure include, for example:

there is a bearing space between two adjacent plates, so that the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing a volute shape forms a hollow structure. Each bearing space is provided with a first bearing panel, and the first surface of the first bearing panel has a plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface of the first bearing panel has a plurality of second protrusions of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other board. Therefore, the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape is light due to the hollow structure and, at the same time, the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel that has a bearing of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are guaranteed by the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and by the

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13/40 plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that supports the two corresponding adjacent plates. Even in the case where the composite panel is large in size, the uniformity of the entire panel surface of the composite panel can be maintained, and deformation of the panel surface is prevented, so that the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format can achieve wide application and feasibility of application in several fields.

[0035] Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be presented below in the description and, in part, will be evident from the description, or can be learned through the practice of the disclosure modalities. Other advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by the structure particularly indicated in the written description, claims and drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings [0036] To illustrate technical solutions of modalities of the present disclosure more clearly, drawings necessary for use in the modalities will be introduced shortly below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are merely illustrative of some of the modalities of the present disclosure. For the individual of ordinary skill in the art, other designs could also be obtained from these designs without any involvement of inventive effort. The above and other objectives, resources and advantages of the present disclosure will become clearer from the illustration in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers indicate the same parts for all

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14/40 drawings. The drawings are not intentionally to scale according to current or similar dimensions, and are mainly to illustrate the essentials of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] THE Fig. 4 show an View structural schematic of a volute unit in Fig. 2; [0041] THE Fig. 5 show an View schematic partial of Fig. 2; [0042] THE Fig. 6 show an View structural schematic of Fig. 4 of other angle visual; [0043] THE Fig. 7 show an View structural schematic of Fig. 6 of other angle visual;

[0044] Fig. 8 shows another exploded view of a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig. 9 shows another sectional view of a panel

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15/40 composite that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural view of a curtain wall formed by the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional arch arch structure in volute shape, provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Reference numbers: 100- composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape; 110- plate; The sign; B- plate; C- plate; 120- bearing panel; 121first surface; 122- second surface; 123- first protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape; 124- second protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape; 10- curtain wall formed by a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape; 130 means of support; 140-volute unit; 141- first flat portion; 1411-arched end surface;

142- second flat portion; 143- connection portion; 1431 first concave; 14311- secondary concave; 1432- second concave; 150- intersection line.

Detailed Description of the Modalities [0048] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the modalities of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions of the modalities of the present disclosure will be described below clearly and completely in reference to the drawings of the modalities of this present one.

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16/40 revelation. It is evident that the modalities to be described are some, but not all, of the present revelation. In general, the components of the modalities of the present disclosure, as described and illustrated in the figures in this document, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

[0049]

Thus, the following detailed description of the modalities of the present disclosure, as represented in the figures, is not intended for disclosure as claimed, of selected modalities other modalities obtained common in the art in light of limiting the scope of the present but is merely representative of the present disclosure . All the skills by the individual of the modalities of the present disclosure without making inventive efforts would fall within the scope of the present disclosure, as claimed.

[0050] It should be noted that reference numbers and similar letters refer to similar items in the following figures and, therefore, once an item is defined in a Figure, it may not be further defined or explained in the following figures . Furthermore, terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be understood as indicating or implying importance in relativity.

[0051] In describing the present disclosure, it should be noted that orientation or position relationships indicated by terms such as horizontal, vertical, and within are the orientation or position relationships shown based on the figures, or the orientation or position relationships in which the inventive product is conventionally put to use, and

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17/40 these terms are only intended to facilitate the description of the present disclosure and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the aforementioned devices or elements must be in a particular orientation or constructed or operated in the particular orientation and therefore , should not be construed as limiting this disclosure.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms arranged, assembled and connected must be understood in the broad sense. For example, the connection can be fixed connection or removable connection or integral connection, it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection, or it can be direct coupling or indirect coupling through an intermediate means or internal communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the terms above in the present disclosure could be understood by the individual of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

First Mode [0053] Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composite panel 100 that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape. The composite panel 100 having a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape includes M plates 110 and M-1 bearing panels 120, and M is an integer not less than 2.

[0054] In the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, the M plates 110 are arranged sequentially in parallel in the same direction,

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18/40 so that each plate 110 is parallel to the other plates 110. As a way, in order to guarantee the regularity of the composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, a format formed by projecting the M plates 110 in the direction of disposition is the format of any one plate 110 among the M plates 110, but the present modality is not limited to them.

[0055] Due to the arrangement of the M plates 110, a bearing space can be formed between each two adjacent plates 110 of the M plates 110, therefore, each bearing space between two adjacent plates 110 can be provided with a first panel of bearing 120, and the first bearing panel 120 is either a bearing panel 120 among the M-1 bearing panels 120. Based on this arrangement mode, for example, a composite panel that has a frame bearing panel The full dimensional bridge arch in volute format has three plates 110, where M is equal to 3, and has two bearing panels 120. The three plates 110 are plate A, plate B and plate C, respectively. The two bearing panels 120 are the bearing panel D and the bearing panel E, respectively. In that case, the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can have such a specific structure in that the bearing panel D is arranged between plate A and plate B, while the bearing panel E is arranged between plate B and plate C.

[0056] With reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in the present embodiment, each two adjacent plates 110 in the control panel

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19/40 composite 100 having a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape constitutes a set of plates 110, and the structure of a first bearing panel 120 correspondingly arranged on each set of plates 110 is the same as the structure of a first bearing panel 120 correspondingly arranged in each of the other sets of plates 110. Therefore, the structure of a first bearing panel 120 correspondingly arranged in any one set of plates 110 will be taken as an example to be described subsequently in detail in the present embodiment.

[0057] In two adjacent plates 110 of the plate set 110, both plate A and plate B are of a similar structure to the plate produced from metal. The shapes and sizes of plate surfaces of plate A and plate B can be selected according to current usage. For example, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon or the like can be selected. The present modality will be described taking a case in which both plate A and plate B have a rectangular plate surface shape and have a thickness of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm as an example, but the present modality is not limited to the same. In addition, both plate A and plate B produced from the metal material can be galvanized steel plates, aluminum plates, copper plates, titanium plates, stainless steel plates or the like. In addition, both plate A and plate B can be clad with a decorative cladding surface, or can be affixed with wood, cloth or plywood for a

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20/40 certain decoration, according to the decorative application requirements for the 110 plate in current use.

[0058] A bearing space is defined between the two adjacent plates 110, and the first bearing panel 120 that corresponds to the two adjacent plates 110 is mounted in the bearing space.

[0059] Specifically, the first bearing panel 120 is also of a structure similar to the plate produced from metal. The shape and size of the first bearing panel 120 can be selected according to current usage. For example, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon or the like can be selected. The present modality will be described taking the shape of the first bearing panel 120 as a rectangle, but the present modality is not limited to it. In addition, the first bearing panel 120 produced from a metal material can also be a galvanized steel plate, an aluminum plate, a copper plate, a titanium plate, a stainless steel plate or the like.

[0060] The plate-like structure of the first bearing panel 120 allows the first bearing panel 120 to have a first surface 121 and a second surface 122 in opposition to each other. In addition, if the first bearing panel 120 is placed in a horizontal plane, an upper surface of the first bearing panel 120 in the opposite direction of the horizontal plane may be the first surface 121, and a lower surface of the next first bearing panel 120 the horizontal plane may be the second surface 122. In order to facilitate structural support for the two adjacent plates 110 by the first

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21/40 bearing panel 120 after the first bearing panel is disposed in the bearing space, the first surface 121 has a plurality of first protrusions 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate A of the two adjacent plates 110 to form a connection to a plate A, while the second surface 122 has a plurality of second protrusions 124 of a full dimensional arch arch structure extending towards the other plate B of the two adjacent plates 110 to form a connection with the other plate B. Specifically, the first bearing panel 120 is subjected to a double-roll calendering process, so that the first protrusions 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and the second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are formed in the p first bearing panel 120. In addition, the use of the roll calendering process allows the first bearing panel 120 to be suitable for automated mass production, and also to have a higher resistivity ratio. However, the present modality is not limited to the use of this process.

[0061] Optionally, each first protuberance 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and each second protuberance 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can each have a protuberance height of 0 , 8 mm to 5.5 mm, but the present modality is not limited to it.

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22/40 [0062] In addition, in order to ensure that plate A is supported to withstand uniform force after the plurality of first protrusions 123 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape form a support for plate A, the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged on the first surface

121 in a first matrix.

Therefore, with a distance between a plurality of first protuberances 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape in each row of the first constant value, and with first matrix is

what

a distance in between an plurality in lumps 123 from an structure in bow complete dimensional in volute format in each

first column bridges of the first matrix which is a second constant value, multiple points of support formed to support plate A are produced to be evenly distributed on plate A, thus achieving uniform application of force throughout plate A .

[0063] In addition, also in order to ensure that the plate

B is supported to withstand uniform force after the plurality of second protrusions 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape form a support for plate B, the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shapes are arranged on the second surface 122 in a second matrix. Therefore, with a distance between a plurality of second protuberances 124 of a bridge arch structure

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23/40 complete dimensional in volute shape in each row of the second matrix which is a constant first value, and with a distance between a plurality of second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape in each column of the second matrix which is a second constant value, multiple points of support formed to support plate B are uniformly distributed on plate B, thus achieving uniform application of force throughout plate B.

[0064] Thus, in the case where the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format is arranged in a first matrix and the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute form is arranged in a second matrix, the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute form has extremely high compressive strength, and even in the case where the panel has a large size, high uniformity of the entire surface panel can be maintained.

[0065] In the present embodiment, in order to make full use of the surface area of the first bearing panel 120, each one of the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape formed on the first surface 121 is projected onto the second surface 122 in a position where the second matrix of the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape forms a gap and,

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24/40 similarly, each of the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape formed on the second surface 122 is projected onto the second surface 121 in a position where the first matrix of the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape forms a gap. It can be understood, based on this construction, that each first protrusion 123 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure can form a continuous winding structure with a second adjacent protuberance 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure , or each second protrusion 124 of a full-size volumetric arch structure can form a continuous winding structure with a first adjacent protuberance 123 of a full-size volumetric arch structure. In other words, at a position of the second surface 122 that corresponds to the first protuberance 123 of a full dimensional volumetric arch structure formed on the first surface 121, a groove is formed and, similarly, at a position of the first surface 121 corresponding to the second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional volumetric arch structure formed on the second surface 122, a groove is also formed.

[0066] Furthermore, in order to make full use of the surface region of the first bearing panel 120, as an optional implant, edges of each first

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25/40 protrusion 123 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape are connected with edges of at least one first adjacent protuberance 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape among the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, so that the plurality of first protrusions 123 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are formed to be distributed continuously on the first surface 121. For example, edges of a first protrusion 123 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure located at the periphery of the first surface 121 can be connected with edges of three first adjacent protuberances 123 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure; edges of a first protuberance 123 of a full dimensional volumetric arch structure located in a corner of the periphery of the first surface 121 can be connected with edges of two adjacent first protuberances 123 of a complete dimensional arch arch structure in shape volute; and edges of a first protrusion 123 of a full-size volumetric arch structure located in the center of the first surface 121 can be connected with edges of four adjacent first protuberances 123 of a full-size volumetric arch structure.

[0067] Correspondingly, also in order to make full use of the surface region of the first

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26/40 bearing panel 120, as an optional implant, edges of each second protrusion 124 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are also connected with edges of at least one second adjacent protuberance 124 of an arch structure of complete volumetric dimensional bridge among the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a volute complete dimensional bridge arch structure, so that the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional volumetric arch structure are also formed to be distributed continuously on the second surface 122.

In addition, for example, edges of a second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional volumetric arch structure located at the periphery of the second surface 122 may be connected with edges of three second adjacent protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure. in volute format; edges of a second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional volumetric archway structure located in a corner of the periphery of the second surface 122 may be connected with edges of two adjacent second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensionally shaped arch arch structure volute; and edges of a second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional volumetric archway structure located in the center of the second surface 122 can be connected with edges of four adjacent second protuberances 124 of a full dimensional volumetric archway structure.

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27/40 [0068] In addition, it is necessary to enable the plurality of first protuberances 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape to be more firmly connected to a plate A and have a better holding effect on a plate A , and it is also necessary to make it possible for the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape to be more firmly connected to the other plate B and to have a better holding effect on the other plate B.

[0069] It should be noted that, in the first bearing panel 120, the first protrusions 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and the second protuberances 124 of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape exhibit a continuous structure formed by circular arcs and circular arcs based on the construction above, so that the shape and configuration of the first bearing panel 120 on the first surface 121 are the same as the shape and configuration on the second surface 122 and, in addition , the first bearing panel 120 forms a double-sided structure of a complete dimensional bridge arch in volute shape.

[0070] In an implementation of the present modality, a connection part of each first protuberance 123 of a full dimensional arch arch structure in volute shape, connected with a plate A, is a plane. The specific shape of the connecting portion of the first protuberance 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can be a circular arched shape,

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28/40 therefore, the shape of the plane can be a circle with a radius of 1.2 mm to 5.0 mm, but the present modality is not limited to the same. In addition, the connection part of each first protuberance 123 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can be connected to plate A by adhesion with a polymeric adhesive material or by arc welding, in order to guarantee the resistivity of the connection between each first protrusion 123 of a full-size volumetric arch arch structure and plate A. However, the way of connection between the first protrusion of a full-size volumetric arch structure and plate. The is also an illustration in the present modality, and the present modality is not limited to it. Therefore, in the case where a part of each first protrusion 123 of a volute-shaped complete dimensional bridge arch structure, connected to a plate A, is a plane, the area of a position, in which each first protuberance 123 of a volumetric full dimensional bridge arch structure is connected to a plate A, is increased, so that the plurality of first protrusions 123 of a volute complete dimensional bridge arch structure is more firmly connected to a plate A and have a better holding effect on a plate A, which further increases the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0071] In another implementation of the present modality, a connection part of each second protuberance 124 of a

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29/40 full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, connected to the other plate B, is also a plane. The specific shape of the connecting portion of the second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can also be an arcuate circular shape, so the shape of the plane can also be a circle with a radius of 1.2 mm to 5.0 mm, but the present modality is not limited to the same. In addition, the connecting part of each second protuberance 124 of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can be connected to plate B by adhesion with a polymeric adhesive material or by arc welding, in order to ensure resistivity of the connection between each second protrusion 124 of a full-size volumetric archway structure and plate B. However, the way of connection between the second protrusion of a full-size volumetric archway structure and plate. B is also an illustration in the present modality, and the present modality is not limited to it. Therefore, in the case where a part of each second protrusion 124 of a volute-shaped complete dimensional bridge arch structure, connected to the other plate B, is also a plane, the area of a position, in which each second protuberance 124 of a full-size volumetric arch arch structure is connected to the other plate B, is increased, so that the plurality of second protuberances 124 of a full-size volumetric arch arch structure is more firmly connected to the other plate B and have a better sustaining effect on the other plate B, which increases

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30/40 additionally the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0072] Reference can be made from Figs. 4 to 7 for a more structural understanding of details of the composite panel 100 which has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape.

[0073] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, which includes N plates 110 and a support means 130.

[0074] For N plates 110, adjacent plates 110 are arranged side by side, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0075] For the support means 130, the support means 130 are mounted between two adjacent plates 110; and the support means 130 includes a plurality of volute units 140 arranged in a predefined manner.

[0076] The volute unit 140 includes a first flat portion 141 and a connecting portion 143. The connecting portion 143 extends from the first flat portion 141 in a direction opposite to the first flat portion 141.

[0077] The connecting portion 143 has a first concave 1431 and a second concave 1432 facing in the opposite direction in relation to each other. The first concave 1431 extends from a first position of an edge of the first flat portion 141 in the opposite direction of the first portion

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31/40 plane 141, and the first concave 1431 is lowered towards the second concave 1432. The second concave 1432 faces away from the first concave 1431, and the second concave 1432 extends from a second position, opposite the first position , from the edge of the first flat portion 141 in the opposite direction of the first flat portion 141, and the second concave 1432 is lowered towards the first concave 1431.

[0078] The vast majority of panels in the related art are single layer metal plates. In a deployment of the present disclosure, a volute unit 140 is disposed between adjacent plates 110, and adjacent plates 110 are connected by volute unit 140. The composite panel 100 having a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format it was produced in such a way that it has a light weight and, at the same time, it allows that an external force is evenly dispersed through the volute unit 140. Therefore, the resistivity and the rigidity of the composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is guaranteed. Even in the case where the composite panel is large in size, the uniformity of the entire panel surface of the composite panel can be maintained, and deformation of the panel surface is prevented, so that the composite panel 100 has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can achieve wide application and feasibility of application in various fields.

[0079] Although the single-layer metal plates on the

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32/40 related technique meets current production performance requirements to a certain extent, it is difficult to achieve automated, large-scale production in the post-processing of single-layer metal plates. In addition, single-layer metal plates have a low weight-to-resistivity ratio, resulting in a large amount of material consumption. In contrast, composite panel 100 which has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape in the present solution is easy to process, has superior resistivity and has good economic benefits.

[0080] Optionally, the adjacent volute units 140 are connected together. The volute units 140 connected together allow the support means 130 to have better integrity, so that the support means 130 themselves have better resistance and rigidity, in order to guarantee the structural stability and resistivity of the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0081] It can be understood that, in other implementations of the present disclosure, the adjacent volute units 140 are separated from each other, that is, the respective volute units 140 are arranged independently of each other.

[0082] In addition, the volute unit 140 additionally includes a second flat portion 142, and ends of the second concave 1432 of adjacent plurality of volute units 140, in the opposite direction of the first flat portions 141, are connected through the second flat portion 142.

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33/40 [0083] In this way, one side of the support means 130 that has the first flat portion 141 and one side of the support means 130 facing in the opposite direction of the first flat portion 141 are both integrated surfaces, thus improving the structural resistivity and the stability of the support means 130.

[0084] Optionally, the support means 130 are in a centimetric pattern. It should be noted in the present document that the support means 130 in a centimeter pattern means that the second concave 1432 and the first concave 1431 are concave with the same recessed degree, and the first flat portion 141 and the second flat portion 142 have the same Format. In addition, the outer surfaces of the adjacent plurality of volute units 140 collectively encompass an accommodation space capable of fitting the first concave 1431.

[0085] Optionally, both the first flat portion 141 and the second flat portion 142 are circular. The first circular flat portion 141 can facilitate the extension of the first concave 1431, and such a first flat portion 141 allows the connecting portion 143 to be firm upon application of force compared to a first square flat portion 141. The second flat portion 142 has similar beneficial effects, which will not be repeatedly described in this document.

[0086] In addition, as shown in the figures, the plurality of volute units 140 are distributed in a rectangular matrix. In this way, a volute unit 140 can form a force-lift unit with three

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34/40 contiguous volute units surrounding 140, with the force-lift unit having a significant small distance. The composite panel 100 having a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape made up of such structured volute units 140 has a firmer structure and is easier to process.

[0087] As can also be seen from the figures, one end of the connecting portion 143, in the opposite direction of the first flat portion 141, includes four arcuate end surfaces 1411. The arcuate end surface 1411 is configured so that the adjacent volute units 140 are connected together through the arcuate end surfaces 1411; and the four arcuate end surfaces 1411 are distributed symmetrically with respect to each other.

[0088] The arcuate end surface 1411 ensures that the adjacent volute units 140 can be more conveniently connected, and the arcuate end surface may be more suitable to withstand the force exerted on the support means 130, in order to guarantee the structural firmness of the support means 130. [0089] In addition, the adjacent arcuate end surfaces 1411 are connected by a secondary inwardly recessed convex 14311; and adjacent secondary concave 14311 form an intersection line 150. In this document, intersection line 150 acts as a reinforcement rib to enhance the structural resistivity of volute unit 140.

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35/40 [0090] Specifically, the intersection line 150 is located at the top of an arc of the arcuate end surface 1411. The advantage of this is that a force exerted on the first flat portion 141 can be accurately transmitted to the arc of the arcuate end surface 1411 to ensure the firmness of the volute unit 140 by applying force.

[0091] Optionally, both the first concave 1431 and the second concave 1432 are smooth concave. It can be understood that, in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the first concave 1431 and the second concave 1432 may also have other surface structures.

First Implantation [0092] Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, in a first implementation of the present modality, in a practical application scenario, M can be 3, that is, the composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format it consists of three plates 110 and two bearing panels 120. Specifically, the three plates 110 are arranged sequentially, and the two bearing panels 120 are respectively mounted in two support spaces formed by the three plates 110 arranged sequentially.

Second Deployment [0093]

Referring to Figs.

and 2, in a second implementation of the present modality, in another scenario of practical application, M can be 2, that is, the composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format is

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36/40 consisting of two plates 110 and a bearing panel 120. Specifically, the two plates 110 are arranged sequentially and the one bearing panel 120 is correspondingly mounted in a bearing space formed by the two plates 110 arranged in a sequential mode.

Second Mode [0094] Referring to Fig. 10, one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a curtain wall 10 formed by the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape. The curtain wall 10 formed by the composite panel which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can be formed by joining at least one composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a structure of volute shape. complete dimensional bridge arch in volute format.

[0095] Specifically, when the number of at least one composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is 1, the curtain wall 10 formed by the composite panel that has a panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape can be formed simply by wrapping the composite panel 100 which has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing in volute shape. When the number of at least one composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is greater than 1, the edges of each of the at least one composite panel 100 that has a bearing panel of a structure

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37/40 full volute dimensional bridge arch are joined with edges of each of the other composite panels 100 which have a bearing panel of a full volute dimensional bridge arch structure, and the joining can be carried out , for example, by adhesion with a polymeric adhesive material or arc welding, so that the at least one composite panel 100 having a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape constitutes the curtain wall 10 formed by the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape.

[0096] Naturally, since the composite panel 100 which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape has characteristics such as light weight, perfect uniformity, perfect compressive resistivity, perfect resistivity and rigidity, etc. , the curtain wall 10 formed by the composite panel which has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is also, consequently, endowed with characteristics such as light weight, perfect uniformity, perfect compressive resistivity, resistivity and rigidity perfect, etc.

[0097] To summarize, the modalities of the present disclosure provide a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and a curtain wall formed by the composite panel. The composite panel that has a bearing frame of a bridge arch structure

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38/40 complete dimensional in volute format includes M plates and ΜΙ bearing panels. The M plates are arranged sequentially, a bearing space between each two adjacent plates of the M plates is provided with a first bearing panel, in which each bearing space corresponds to a first bearing panel. Each of the first bearing panels is any one of the M-1 bearing panels, and M is an integer number not less than 2. The first bearing panel has a first surface and a second surface opposite each other. The first surface has a plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface has a plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other plate.

[0098] There is a bearing space between two adjacent plates, so that the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch structure bearing a volute shape forms a hollow structure. Each bearing space is provided with a first bearing panel, and the first surface of the first bearing panel has a plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape that extends towards a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface of the first bearing panel

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39/40 has a plurality of second protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that extends towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other plate. Therefore, the composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape is lightweight due to the hollow structure and, at the same time, the resistivity and stiffness of the composite panel that has a bearing of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are guaranteed by the plurality of first protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and by the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape that supports the two corresponding adjacent plates. Even in the case where the composite panel is large in size, the uniformity of the entire panel surface of the composite panel can be maintained, and deformation of the panel surface is prevented, so that the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format can achieve wide application and feasibility of application in several fields.

[0099] The above description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent alternatives, improvements and so consequently made within

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40/40 of the spirit and principle of the present revelation should be included in the scope of protection of the present revelation.

Industrial Applicability [0100] The composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape of the present disclosure is light due to a hollow structure and, at the same time, resistivity and rigidity of the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape are guaranteed by a plurality of first protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape and a plurality of second protuberances of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format that supports the two corresponding adjacent plates. Even in the case where the composite panel is large in size, the uniformity of the entire panel surface of the composite panel can be maintained, and deformation of the panel surface is prevented, so that the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format can achieve wide application and feasibility of application in several fields. In conclusion, such a composite panel that has a full dimensional bridge arch bearing housing in volute shape is easy to manufacture, has perfect structural resistivity and has perfect economic benefits.

Claims (10)

1. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, characterized by comprising M plates and M1 bearing panels, in which the M plates are arranged sequentially, a bearing space between each two adjacent plates of the M plates is provided with a first bearing panel, in which each bearing space corresponds to a first bearing panel, and each of the first bearing panels is any one of the M-1 bearing panels, M is an integer not less than 2; and each of the first bearing panels has a first surface and a second surface in opposition to each other, where the first surface has a plurality of first protrusions of a full dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, where the first protrusions extend towards a plate of two adjacent plates to form a connection to a plate, and the second surface has a plurality of second protrusions of a full dimensional arch bridge structure in volute shape, wherein the second protrusions extend towards the other plate of the two adjacent plates to form a connection with the other plate. 2. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of first protuberances of a bridge arch structure Petition 870180060389, of 07/13/2018, p. 70/82 2/5 complete dimensional in volute shape is arranged on the first surface in a first matrix, and the plurality of second protuberances of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape is arranged on the second surface in a second matrix. 3. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that each one of the plurality of first protuberances of a structure of volumetric full dimensional bridge arch formed on the first surface is projected onto the second surface in a position where the second matrix of the plurality of second protuberances of a volute complete dimensional bridge structure forms a gap; wherein each of the plurality of second protrusions of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape formed on the second surface is projected on the first surface in a position where the first matrix of the plurality of the first protuberances of an arch structure of complete dimensional bridge in volute shape forms a gap; and each first protrusion of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape forms a sinuous structure with a second adjacent protuberance of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape. 4. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape characterized by comprising: Petition 870180060389, of 07/13/2018, p. 71/82 3/5 N plates, where adjacent plates of the N plates are arranged side by side, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; and support means mounted between the two adjacent plates, wherein the support means comprise a plurality of volute units arranged in a predefined manner, each of which among the plurality of volute units comprises a first flat portion and a connecting portion, wherein the connecting portion extends from the first flat portion in a direction opposite to the first flat portion, the connecting portion has a first concave and a second concave facing away from each other, where the first concave extends from a first position of an edge of the first flat portion in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, and the first concave is lowered towards the second concave, and the second concave extends from a second position of the edge of the first flat portion in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, and the second concave is lowered towards the first concave , where the second position is opposite the first position. 5. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 4, characterized in that the volute unit additionally comprises a second Petition 870180060389, of 07/13/2018, p. 72/82 4/5 flat portion and ends of the second concave of adjacent volute units, in the opposite direction of the first flat portion, are connected through the second flat portion. 6. Composite panel having a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized by the fact that the plurality of volute units is distributed in a matrix and preferably, the entire matrix is shaped like a rectangle. 7. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that one end of the connection portion of each volute unit, in the opposite direction the first flat portion, comprises four arcuate end surfaces, and the arcuate end surfaces are configured so that adjacent volute units are connected together through the arcuate end surfaces; and the four arcuate end surfaces are distributed symmetrically with respect to each other. 8. Composite panel having a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjacent arcuate end surfaces are connected by a secondary inward recessed concave ; and Petition 870180060389, of 07/13/2018, p. 73/82 5/5 adjacent secondary concave lines form an intersecting line. 9. Composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the intersection line is located at the top of an arc of the surfaces arched edge. 10. Curtain wall formed by a composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute shape characterized by comprising the composite panel that has a bearing panel of a complete dimensional bridge arch structure in volute format, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.