BR102017008580A2 - otto and binary-isothermal-adiabatic combined-cycle motor and control process for the thermodynamic cycle of the combined-cycle motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combined cycle thermal motor formed by one unit operating with the intertwined otto cycle and integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes. The aim of the invention is to eliminate some of the existing problems, minimize other problems and offer new possibilities. To achieve these objectives, a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor motors is necessary so that engine efficiency is no longer dependent solely on temperatures. The hybrid system concept and differential and binary cycles, the very characteristic that underlies this new combined cycle concept, eliminates the reliance on efficiency exclusively at temperature. Eliminating the need to change the physical state of work fluids is now representative to reduce machine volume, weight and cost. therefore, the combined cycle formed by an otto cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit constitutes an important, viable evolution for the future of combined cycle systems.

Description

(54) Title: COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATIC AND CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE (51) Int. Cl .: F01B 29/00; F02G 1/00.

(71) Depositor (s): ASSOCIACAO PARANAENSE DE CULTURA - APC.

(72) Inventor (s): MARNO IOCKHECK; SAULO FINCO; LUIS MAURO MOURA.

(57) Abstract: This invention refers to a combined cycle thermal motor formed by a unit operating with the Otto cycle interconnected and integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes. The objective of the invention focuses on eliminating some of the existing problems, minimizing other problems and offering new possibilities, to achieve these objectives, a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor cycles are necessary so that the engine efficiency is no longer dependent solely on temperatures. The concept of hybrid system and differential cycles and binary cycles, a characteristic that underlies this new concept of combined cycle, eliminates the dependence on efficiency exclusively at temperature. The elimination of the need to change the physical state of the working fluids becomes representative to reduce the volume, weight and cost of the machines. Therefore, the combined cycle formed by an Otto cycle unit with a binary isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit constitutes an important evolution, viable for the future of systems formed by combined cycles.

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COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMICADIABATIC AND CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001] The present invention refers to a combined cycle thermal motor formed by a unit operating with the Otto cycle interconnected and integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] Classical thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the 19th century at the beginning of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underpin all the motor cycles known to date.

[003] The isolated thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of engines.

[004] The open thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter can enter and exit this system. Examples of open thermodynamic systems are internal combustion engines, Otto cycle, Atkinson cycle, similar to Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Sabathe cycle, similar to Diesel cycle, Brayton cycle of internal combustion, Rankine cycle with exhaust of steam to the environment. The materials that enter these systems are fuels and oxygen or fluid

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2/17 working or working gas. The energy that enters these systems is heat. The materials that come out of these systems are the exhaustion of combustion or the working fluid, gases, waste; the energies that come out of these systems are the mechanical energy of work and part of the dissipated heat.

[005] The closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and exit this system. Examples of closed thermodynamic systems, external combustion engines such as the Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat or external combustion cycle, Carnot cycle. in this system is heat. The energies that come out of this system are the mechanical energy of work and part of the dissipated heat, but no matter leaves these systems, as they occur in the open system.

[006] Both systems, open and closed, the entire mass of the working gas is exposed to the incoming energy, heat or combustion and all of it, too, is exposed to cooling or cooling, that is, the mass of the working gas is constant in their processes and the difference between them is that in the open system the mass of working gas passes through the system and in the closed system, the mass remains in the system.

THE CURRENT STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE [007] The combined cycle engines known to date have been invented and designed by uniting in the same system two engine concepts idealized in the 19th century, based on open thermodynamic systems or closed thermodynamic systems, the best known being the combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine and the combined cycle of a Diesel cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine.

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3/17 [008] The basic concept of a combined cycle is a system composed of an engine operating by means of a high temperature source so that the heat rejection of this engine is the energy that drives a second engine that requires a temperature lower operating time, both forming a combined system of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy for the same common purpose.

[009] The current state of the art reveals combined cycles formed by a main engine of Brayton cycle or Diesel cycle that works with a main source with a temperature above 1000 ° C and with exhaust gases in the range between 600 ° C and 700 ° C and these gases are in turn channeled to power another Rankine cycle engine, usually “organic Rankine” (ORC). The conventional Rankine cycle has water as its working fluid, the organic Rankine cycle uses organic fluids, these are more suitable for projects at lower temperatures than the projects with the conventional Rankine cycle, therefore they are normally used in combined cycles.

[010] Some of the main disadvantages of the current combined cycles, considering the second machine as an organic Rankine or Rankine cycle engine are the change of the physical state of the working fluid, that is, there is a liquid phase required by the thermodynamic cycle processes that must be controlled, and the heating energy of the liquid phase and the latent phase, of state change, cannot be converted into useful working energy, they are losses imposed by the Rankine concept. This system requires engine items that imply more processes, more weight, more control and more losses, liquid reservoirs, reservoir for steam generation, cooler type condenser exchanger, condensation reservoir, pump for fluid flow in the liquid state, control valves for liquid and gaseous processes. This set of features implies additional weight, additional volume, additional thermal losses, reduced overall efficiency and, consequently, higher pollution rates,

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4/17 higher implementation costs and lower sustainability rates in these projects.

[011] The current state of the art, as of 2011, has revealed a new concept of thermodynamic system, the so-called hybrid thermodynamic system, and this new concept of system has become the support base for new motor cycles, the cycle motors differential and non-differential binary cycle engines so that these new motor cycles have significant advantages for the creation of new combined cycles. Combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a differential cycle engine, Brayton cycle engine with a binary cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a differential cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a binary cycle engine can be exemplified , Otto cycle motor with a differential cycle motor, Otto cycle motor with a binary cycle motor and some other variations.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION [012] The major problems of the state of the art, specifically as to the combined cycles are found precisely in the second unit that forms the systems, this one is generally a Rankine cycle machine, an old machine, whose thermodynamic processes impose losses through the need to change the physical state of the working fluid, the heat of heating the liquid phase, the heat of transformation, latent heat, the mechanical units, reservoirs, valve systems, condensers, pumps that add weight, volume, losses and costs .

[013] The objective of the invention focuses on eliminating some of the existing problems, minimizing other problems and offering new possibilities, to achieve these objectives, a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor cycles is necessary that the efficiency of the engines is no longer dependent exclusively on the

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5/17 temperatures. The concept of hybrid system and differential cycles and binary cycles, a characteristic that underlies this new concept of combined cycle, eliminates the dependence on efficiency exclusively at temperature. The elimination of the need to change the physical state of the working fluids becomes representative to reduce the volume, weight and cost of the machines. Therefore, the combined cycle formed by an Otto cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit is an important evolution, viable for the future of systems formed by combined cycles.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [014] Combined cycle motors are characterized by having two distinct thermodynamic units integrated forming a system so that the energy discharged by the main unit is the energy source of the secondary unit and both have an integration of the final mechanical work.

[015] The present concept considers a thermodynamic unit formed by an Otto cycle engine31, which runs a four-process Otto cycle and a 320 binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle engine, which runs a cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes, and so that the incoming energy, by combustion, performs an isochorical process of heating and compression in the Otto cycle unit, an isochoric cooling process when the exhaust goes directly to the environment or isobaric, isothermal or adiabatic when using - exchangers for other purposes, which provide energy for the isothermal process of expansion of the binary cycle unit, this in turn performs an isothermal cooling process, giving energy to the environment that the system as a whole has not converted into work and so that both cycles have a conversion into common final work. So these are combined cycle engines completely current combined cycles, which are based solely and exclusively on open or closed systems. In figure 3

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6/17 the general concept of the invention is shown and in figure 4 are shown the graphs with the integration of both thermodynamic cycles forming the combined cycle. In addition to combining the Otto cycle and torque, the present invention also considers the use of an auxiliary turbine 315 to perform work by means of an adiabatic process with residual energy and a compressor 314 for pressurizing the air in the combustion chambers of the combustion engine internal Otto.

[016] The present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical by the concept of the combination of two distinct thermodynamic cycles. The vast majority of combined cycles are powered by a Rankine or Rankine cycle steam turbine engine. Figure 1 shows that the Rankine cycle has losses inherent to the concept of the processes that form its cycle, not allowing a significant portion of energy to be converted into work. Rankine and Rankine organic cycles require the change of the physical phase of the working gas, that is, there is a phase of the process in liquid state requiring elements of condensation, evaporation and auxiliary pump systems, and all these elements and processes impose losses and impossibility to use the energies of these phases in the conversion. Some of the main advantages of the combined cycle Otto invention with binary-isothermal-adiabatic that can be verified are the absence of elements of physical phase change of the working fluid and its associated losses, the inexistence of condensation and vaporization elements, therefore, the absence of losses associated with the latent heat of the working fluid, the inexistence of circuits, pumps, control elements intended for the processes of changing the physical phase of the fluid and its associated losses, and which consequently , the lack of volume, materials and mass, weight, of the elements that make up such projects. Therefore, the innovation presented by the combined cycle Otto with torque is significant.

[017] Combined cycle engines based on the integration of an engine

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7/17 Otto cycle with a binary cycle engine may be built with materials and techniques similar to conventional combined cycle engines, such as the secondary unit, binary cycle consists of an engine that works with gas in a closed circuit, considering the complete system , this concept of closed working gas circuit with respect to the external environment indicates that the system must be sealed, or in some cases, leaks can be admitted, provided they are compensated. Suitable materials for this technology must be observed, they are similar, in this aspect, to the technologies of Brayton, Stirling or Ericsson cycle engine design, all of which are external combustion. The working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the choice of gas can be diversified, each one will provide specific peculiarities, as an example the gases can be suggested: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [018] The attached figures demonstrate the main characteristics and properties of the new combined cycle concept, more specifically to a system formed by an Otto cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit, represented as follows:

Figure 1 demonstrates in a block diagram, a current combined cycle system, formed by an Otto cycle unit with a Rankine cycle unit. Systems designed with this philosophy today are used to improve mechanical and energy efficiency in traction systems, vehicles;

Figure 2 demonstrates in a block diagram, a combined cycle system idealized based on the new concept of thermodynamic system, formed by a known Otto cycle unit, with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit. Theoretically, systems designed with this

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8/17 philosophy for the generation of mechanical force will have superior efficiency to the combined cycle systems with Rankine or organic Rankine based on the theoretical analysis of the cycle of the second machine that forms the system, among the losses that cease to exist, the absence of state change physics of the working fluid is a significant item, the energy conservation process provided by the conservation subsystem belonging to the binary cycle, reinforces the possibilities of increasing overall efficiency;

Figure 3a shows the diagram of a system composed of an Otto cycle engine31, with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine, 320 forming the combined Otto and binary cycle;

Figure 4 shows the curves of the pressure and volumetric displacement graph of the Otto 41 cycle and the curves of the pressure and volumetric displacement graph of the binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle 45;

Figure 5 shows the conventional Otto cycle with two isochoric processes and two adiabatic processes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [019] The combined cycle engine Otto and binary-isothermal-adiabatic is a system composed of an engine concept based on the open thermodynamic system, an internal combustion engine of Otto cycle, idealized in the 19th century, with an engine based on the hybrid thermodynamic system, the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, idealized in the 21st century, so that the energy discharged by the first, the internal combustion engine of the Otto cycle, is the energy that drives the second, the binary cycle.

[020] Figure 3 shows the system that features a combined cycle engine Otto and binary-isothermal-adiabatic. This system consists of a machine that operates by the Otto cycle, integrated, interconnected to another machine that operates by a binary cycle and in a way that its cycles

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9/17 thermodynamics are also integrated according to figure 4. The system in figure 3 shows an internal combustion engine of Otto cycle 31, coupled to a turbine engine of binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle 320. The Otto cycle engine has its collector of discharge 331, exhaust of hot gases, connected to an isothermal heat exchanger 319, in this exchanger there is a line of circulation of the working gas of the binary cycle that enters the point (a) being heated inside the exchanger and exits through the point (b ), entering the proportional three-way control valve 326, and this valve directs part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit 321 and part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conservation unit 322, the turbine rotor of conservation unit 322 conducts the working gas to the isothermal and thermally insulated chamber 323, entering through the point (c ') where the isothermal compression process takes place, leaving the gas through the point (d') following to the compressor compressor of the energy conservation unit 324, and this in turn conducts the gas with its associated energy, conserved, again to the isothermal expansion chamber and at the temperature of the heating chamber (Tq) 319. The turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit 321 conducts its fraction of the working gas from the control valve 326 to the isothermal cooling chamber 328, which is separate from the other cooling and cooling systems and situated at the coldest end of the forced air flow of the fan, that is, at the outermost point of the engine bordering the environment, and the gas entering point (c), inside chamber 328, where the isothermal compression and cooling process is performed, that is, an isothermal process cooling system, leaving the gas at point (d), going to the compressor rotor of the energy conversion unit 325, and this in turn, returning the gas to the entrance of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber 319, already with the temperature (Tq) completing the binary thermodynamic cycle of the system. The mechanical energy converted by the binary cycle unit on axis 327, this axis is directly or indirectly coupled to all compression and turbine rotors, 314, 315,

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321, 322, 324 and 325, and is coupled to the main mechanical shaft 33 of the Otto cycle unit by means of a gearbox 34 for transmitting the force of the shaft of the binary cycle unit adding to the axis 33 of the main motor 31 As part of the mechanical unit of the binary cycle engine, there is also a 315 turbine rotor, where an adiabatic process is performed, through which the exhaust gases of the Otto engine pass, just after it passes through the 319 heat exchanger, the gas leaving the exchanger, enters the turbine rotor 315, this is connected to the main axis of the binary cycle engine, with the function of driving the compressor rotor 314, and from the turbine rotor 315, the gas goes to a unit control system, type (EGR), for exhaust gas circulation, with the function of directing part of the exhaust gases from the 315 turbine rotor to the combustion chambers of the Otto engine via mixer 39, reducing emissions of nitrous oxides, NOx , another part of the gases, when leaving the unit 312, goes to the environment 316. Also part of the mechanical unit of the binary cycle engine, there is a compressor rotor 314, which pressurizes ambient air to the combustion chambers of the Otto engine, the air 317 first passes through the filter 313, enters the compressor rotor 314, passing through a cooler 36 and from there to the mixer 39 which mixes the pressurized air with part of the combustion gases, injecting them into the combustion chambers of the Otto engine 31.

[021] There are necessary conditions for the cycle of the binary cycle engine to be formed by isothermal and adiabatic processes, the first is related to the compressor rotors of the conversion and conservation unit, these must be designed to carry the gas in the adiabatic processes in the pressure corresponding, in the process, to its return to the temperature of the isothermal exchanger 319 and that the heat exchanger 319 is designed so that the heat exchange with the gas is efficient and thermally isonomic, that is, the internal chambers of the exchanger must be projected with characteristics of isonomy in the temperature of the gas in all its extension, evidently allowing differentials of the pressure as the flow of the

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11/17 working gas, unlike the heat exchangers of the isobaric units, these in turn, for example, must be designed to be equal in pressure and not in temperature.

[022] Figure 3 also presents the main elements that configure an Otto engine, in 318 the engine cooling air intake and all systems that need cooling, the 328 heat exchanger is the outermost element and is the chamber of low temperature isothermal compression of the binary cycle unit, is the most external because the efficiency of the binary cycle unit increases the lower the temperature of the isothermal process that takes place in the 328 exchanger, different from other needs of the Otto engine. The heat exchanger 36 is used to cool the pressurized air by the compressor 314. Another heat exchanger, radiator 35 is the main cooling element of the Otto engine, hydraulic and electrical units. A 329 fan is used to force ventilation and improve heat exchange, cooling. A pump 37, of cooling fluid, usually water, circulates the fluid inside the internal combustion engine to keep it in safe thermal conditions, aided by a thermostat sensor 38 for temperature control. The mixture of pressurized air with part of the exhaust gas occurs in the mixer 39 and goes to a distributor 32 which injects the combustion chambers of the Otto engine into the combustion chambers of the exhaust gas. Line 330 is an engine cooling fluid return pipe. Line 310 is a duct that conducts part of the combustion gases from the regulator (EGR) to the mixer 39. The gases, combustion residues are conducted by line 311 from the collector 331, passing through the heat exchanger 319 and following for the entrance of the turbine rotor 315. The power shaft 33, of the Otto engine, is the main element to bring the mechanical force to the transmission box 34.

[023] Figure 4 shows the graphs of pressure and volumetric displacement that form the combined cycle at their union, a process

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12/17 composed by the combination of two cycles, one Otto and the other binary-isothermaladiabatic, where the first cycle, the Otto cycle is formed by four processes, or also called thermodynamic transformations, being two isochoric processes or two adiabatic processes, that occur one by one sequentially, but with the integration with other mechanical elements, the processes can vary as in the case of this invention. The introduction of a turbine rotor alters the isochoric process, making it, in synthesis, adiabatic and the final stage of the adiabatic expansion process (4-5), can gain isobaric characteristics, being described as follows, the energy of entry into the combustion system, 42, performs an isochoric heating and compression process (3-4), in the sequence, the expansion continues with an adiabatic process (4-5 '), from which point the heat transfer to the exchanger 319 occurs generating the isobaric segment (5'5) or depending on the design or regulation parameters, it can be isothermal or even adiabatic, or variable, ending the expansion with another adiabatic process (5-2) next to the turbine rotor 315, then another adiabatic process, however of compression (2-3) ending the Otto cycle. The energy channeled to the binary cycle turbine engine is defined by the process (5'-5) indicated by 43, the energy channeled to the turbine rotor 315 is defined by the process (5-2) indicated by 44.

[024] The binary cycle 45 is coupled, integrated with the Otto cycle, 41, so that the energy disposal process (5'-5) of the Otto cycle is the input energy of the binary cycle, and all the processes that form the binary cycle occurs simultaneously. The energy discharged from the Otto cycle forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), starting from point (b) of the binary cycle, two processes occur, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the conversion unit of the binary cycle motor and an adiabatic process of expansion (bc ') of the conservation unit of the binary cycle engine, after the adiabatic expansion processes are completed, two isothermal compression processes take place, starting from point (c) of the binary cycle there is a process of

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13/17 isothermal compression (cd) of the energy conversion unit of the binary motor and starting from the point (c ') there is an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit, ending the isothermal processes of compression there are two adiabatic compression processes, starting from point (d) of the binary cycle there is an adiabatic compression process (da) of the energy conversion unit of the binary cycle engine and an adiabatic compression process (d'-a) of conservation unit of the binary cycle engine, ending the binary cycle 45. Therefore, in ideal conditions, without losses, the energy enters combustion in the Otto cycle, indicated by 42, part of the discharged energy 44, feeds a rotor through an adiabatic process turbine 315, remaining part of the discharged energy 43 of the Otto cycle feeds the binary cycle 45, the energy discharged from the binary cycle is, in ideal case without losses, the total energy lost, indicated by 46.

[025] Table 1 shows the processes (3-4, 4-5 ', 5'-5, 5-2, 2-3) that form the Otto cycle when it is integrated with the binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, shown step by step.

Table 1

Step Process Otto cycle unit 1 3-4 Heating and compression isochoric Combustion energy input 2 4-5 ’ Adiabatic expansion 3 5’-5 Isobaric, isothermal or adiabatic expansion Energy transferred to the binary cycle 4 5-2 Adiabatic expansion Turbine drive 315 5 2-3 Compression adiabatic

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14/17 [026] Table 2 shows the seven processes (ab, bc, b-c ', cd, c'-d', da, d'-a) that form the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, shown step by step, with three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.

Table 2

Step Process Conversion subsystem Conservation subsystem 1 a-b Expansion isotherm Expansion isotherm Energy input from the Otto cycle 2 b-c / b-c ’ Adiabatic expansion Adiabatic expansion 3 c-d / c'-d ' Compression isotherm Compression isotherm c-d discard c'-d 'preserved 4 d-a / d’-a Compression adiabatic Compression adiabatic

Figure 5 shows the graph of the pressure and volume of the ideal Otto cycle, considering an engine without accessories, it is a cycle formed by an isochoric process of heating and compression by combustion (3-4), an adiabatic expansion process (4-5 ), an isochoric cooling process (5-2), and an adiabatic compression process (2-3). When implementing mechanical changes in the engine, the addition of a turbine 315 and a heat exchanger 319, there is also a change in the thermodynamic cycle, the process (5-2) is no longer isochoric, as there is a turbine to move that together with the heat exchanger 319 and a control system, will produce changes in this region of the thermodynamic cycle and this change can be variable depending on the operation in which the engine will be running. This document proposes an approximation considering the essential mechanical and process items that characterize the idea.

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15/17 [027] The combined cycle Otto with binary-isothermal-adiabatic is the junction of a cycle called Otto, whose cycle is formed by processes that are carried out one by one sequentially, with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle of seven processes which all take place simultaneously and this system has the energy input through the combustion of Otto, an isochoric process (3-4), as shown in figure 4, indicated in 41, of heating and compression represented by the expression (a).

(a) [028] In equation (a), (Q /) represents the total energy entering the system, in “Joule”, (n) represents the number of moles belonging to the Otto cycle unit, (R) represents the constant of perfect gases, (T _qc ) represents the maximum gas temperature in “Kelvin” at point (4) of the process, figure 4, indicated by 42, (T ₃ ) represents the temperature at point (3), initial of the process isochoric, figure 4, and (y) represents the coefficient of adiabatic expansion.

[029] The disposal of energy not converted into work by the main machine, the Otto cycle, is the input energy of the secondary machine, of a binary cycle added to the 315 turbine supply energy, and the expression of the discarded energy, supplied to the units later is represented by the expression (b), considering the process (5'-5) isobaric, depending on the control, this process may be isothermal or adiabatic, in this case it was considered isobaric in the following equation.

(b) [030] The input energy of the secondary machine, of binary cycle is represented by the expression (c), where (Tq) is the isothermal temperature of the input of the binary cycle unit.

(ç)

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16/17 [031] The output energy of the Otto cycle machine minus the energy of the 315 turbine is equal to the input energy of the binary cycle machine according to equation (c).

[032] The input energy of turbine 315, (Qt) is an adiabatic process and is represented by the expression (d).

Qt = - ^ - y (T ₅ , -T ₂ ·) (d) [033] The disposal of energy not converted into work by the secondary machine, of binary cycle, is represented by the expression (e). This, in the ideal concept, is the total energy discarded in the middle, which does not perform useful work.

Q ° = n ₂ .R.Tf.ln ^ (e) [034] The total useful work of the combined cycle system, considering an ideal lossless model, is the difference between the energy input and output and is represented by the expression (f) below.

= ^ y ^ c-Ts) ~ n ₂ .R.TfAn £ (f) [035] The final theoretical demonstration of the combined Otto and binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle efficiency is given by the expression (g), considering that (va ⁼ vd) ' ^{characterization |} what the combined cycles of a machine based on the open or closed system with a machine based on the hybrid system have as a parameter of efficiency, also the number of moles or mass, characteristic inherited from the machine based on the hybrid system, and therefore, do not have their efficiencies dependent solely on temperatures.

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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS [036] Cycle engines combined by integrating an Otto cycle unit with an engine based on the hybrid system, for example, a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine engine, have some important applications, the most obvious of which is its application in transport vehicles that use the Otto cycle and gasoline or alcohol as fuel. The technology of engines based on the hybrid system brings numerous properties that are especially interesting to these projects, flexibility when operating temperatures, the lack of a series of elements that are mandatory in engines based on open and closed systems, providing volume and weight reduced, and controllability, that is, the ability to operate over a wide range of speed and torque. Therefore the combined cycle technology Otto with torque applies to vehicles, automobiles.

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Claims (26)

1) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, characterized by being constituted by the integration of two thermal machines, two thermodynamic cycles, forming a combined system, one of which is a machine that operates by the Otto cycle (31), integrated, interconnected to another machine that operates by a binary cycle (320), and so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated, an internal combustion engine of Otto cycle (31), coupled to a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine engine (320) , where the Otto cycle engine has a discharge manifold (331) connected to a heat exchanger (319), this exchanger (319) has a working gas circulation line of the binary cycle that enters a proportional control valve three-way (326), and this valve directs part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit (321) and part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conservation unit (322), the unit turbine Conservation level (322) conducts the working gas to the thermally insulated chamber (323), where the isothermal compression process is carried out, going to the compressor rotor of the energy conservation unit (324), conducting the gas with its associated energy, conserved, for the heating isothermal expansion chamber (319), the turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit (321) conducts its fraction of the working gas to the cooling chamber (328), this separated from the other cooling and cooling systems and located at the coldest end of the forced air flow from the fan, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber (328), where the isothermal compression and cooling process is carried out, proceeding to the compressor rotor of the energy conversion unit (325), and this one, returning the gas to the entrance of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber (319), completing the system's binary-isothermal-thermal thermodynamic cycle, the mechanical force shaft (327), of the binary cycle turbine engine, is coupled to the main mechanical shaft (33), of the Otto cycle unit Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 14/40 2/9 through a transmission gearbox (34), of the main motor (31), a turbine rotor (315) is connected to the main axis of the binary cycle motor, with the function of driving the compressor rotor (314), and from the turbine rotor (315), the gas goes to a control unit (312), type (EGR), for exhaust gas circulation, with the function of directing part of the exhaust gases from the turbine rotor (315) to the combustion chambers of the Otto engine via mixer (39), a compressor rotor (314) is also connected to the main axis of the binary cycle engine, which pressurizes ambient air aspirated via filter (313) , and pressurizing the combustion chambers of the Otto engine (31), via cooler (36) and mixer (39), injecting them together with the portion of the combustion gas coming from the control element (EGR) (312), to the chambers combustion engine of the Otto engine (31), through the distributor (32). 2) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by the integration of two thermal machines, two thermodynamic cycles, forming a combined system, one of which is a machine that operates by the Otto cycle ( 31), integrated, interconnected to another machine that operates by a binary cycle (320), and so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated. 3) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMICADIABATIC, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by being an internal combustion engine of cycle Otto (31), coupled to a turbine engine of binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle (320). 4) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being made up of an Ottoc cycle engine with a discharge collector (331) connected to a heat exchanger (319), and the exchanger ( 319) has a working gas circulation line of the binary cycle. Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 15/40 3/9 5) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a proportional three-way control valve (326), connected to the heat exchanger (319), and this valve directs part of the gas coming from the exchanger (319) to the turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit (321) and part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conservation unit (322). 6) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a turbine rotor of the conservation unit (322) which conducts the working gas to the thermally insulated chamber (323) , where the isothermal compression process is performed. 7) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a compressor rotor of the energy conservation unit (324) connected to the outlet of the isolated chamber (323), with the function to conduct the gas with its associated energy, conserved, to the heating isothermal expansion chamber (319). 8) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a turbine rotor of the energy conversion unit (321) with the function of driving its fraction of the working gas to the cooling chamber (328) is separated from the other cooling and cooling systems and located at the coldest end of the forced air flow of the fan, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber (328), where it is the isothermal compression and cooling process is carried out. 9) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 16/40 4/9 consisting of a compressor rotor of the energy conversion unit (325), which has the function of conducting the gas to the entrance of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber (319), completing the binary-isothermal- thermodynamic cycle adiabatic system. 10) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being constituted by a mechanical force shaft (327), directly or indirectly connected to all the compression and turbine rotors, (314) , (315), (321), (322), (324) and (325), and this axis is coupled to the main mechanical axis (33), the main motor (31), the Otto cycle unit by means of a transmission gearbox (34). 11) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a turbine rotor (315) connected to the main axis of the binary cycle motor, with the function of driving the compressor rotor (314). 12) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a control unit (312), type (EGR), for exhaust gas circulation, with the function of directing part from the exhaust gases from the turbine rotor (315) to the combustion chambers of the Otto engine via the mixer (39). 13) COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE OTTO AND BINARY-ISOTHERMALADIABATIC, according to claim 1, characterized by being a compressor rotor (314) connected to the main axis of the binary cycle motor, with the function of pressurizing air from the aspirated environment via filter (313), and pressurizing the combustion chambers of the Otto engine (31), via cooler (36) and mixer (39), injecting them together with the combustion gas portion coming from the control element (EGR) (312 ), for the combustion chambers of the Otto engine (31), through the distributor (32). Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 17/40 5/9 14) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE, to perform the combined cycle of the engines from claims 1 to 13, characterized by a process composed by the combination of two cycles, an Otto and another binary-isothermal-adiabatic forming the combined cycle, where the first cycle, the Otto cycle, with the integration with other mechanical elements, the processes can vary as in the case of this invention, the introduction of a turbine rotor alters the isochoric process, making it, in synthesis, adiabatic and the final stage of the adiabatic expansion process (4-5), can gain isobaric characteristics, being described as follows, the energy entering the system through combustion, (42), performs an isochoric heating and compression process (3-4 ), in the sequence, the expansion continues occurring an adiabatic process (4-5 '), from this point the heat transfer to the exchanger (319) occurs generating the isobaric segment (5'-5) or depending on the parameters those of design or regulation, this can be isothermal or adiabatic, or variable between adiabatic and isobaric, ending the expansion with another adiabatic process (5-2) next to the turbine rotor (315), then another adiabatic process, but of compression (2-3) at the end of the Otto cycle, the energy channeled to the binary cycle turbine engine is defined by the process (5'-5) indicated by (43), the energy channeled to the turbine rotor (315) is defined by process (52) indicated by (44), the binary cycle (45) is coupled, integrated with the Otto cycle (41), so that the energy disposal process (5'-5) of the Otto cycle is the input energy of the binary cycle, and this forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), and all the processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously, starting from the point (b) of the binary cycle, two processes occur, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the unit conversion process of the binary cycle engine and an adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the un Conservation age of the binary cycle engine, when adiabatic expansion processes are completed, two isothermal compression processes occur, starting from point (c) of the binary cycle, an isothermal compression process occurs (c-d) Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 18/40 6/9 of the energy conversion unit of the binary motor and starting from the point (c ') an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit occurs, ending the isothermal compression processes, two adiabatic processes occur of compression, starting from point (d) of the binary cycle, there is an adiabatic compression process (da) of the energy conversion unit of the binary cycle engine and an adiabatic compression process (d'-a) of the engine conservation unit of binary cycle ending the binary cycle (45), therefore, in ideal conditions, without losses, the energy (42) enters by combustion in the Otto cycle (41), part of the discharged energy (44) feeds an impeller through an adiabatic process turbine, (315), another part of the energy discharged from the Otto cycle (43) feeds the binary cycle, and the energy discharged from the binary cycle is, ideally without losses, the total energy lost, indicated by (46). 15) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process composed by the combination of two cycles, an Otto and another binary-isothermal-adiabatic and the union of them form the cycle combined, where the first cycle, the Otto cycle, with the integration of mechanical elements, turbine rotors and heat exchangers, the processes are modified so that the isochorical process gains adiabatic characteristics (5-2) and the final step of the process adiabatic expansion (4-5), obtains isobaric characteristics (5'-5). 16) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where the energy entering the system through combustion (42), executes an isochoric heating and compression process (3- 4). 17) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 19/40 7/9 characterized by a process where after heating and isochoric compression (3-4), the expansion proceeds with an adiabatic process (45 '), from which point the heat transfer to the exchanger (319) occurs, generating the segment isobaric (5'-5) or depending on the design or regulation parameters, this may be isothermal or adiabatic, or variable assuming properties of both dynamically. 18) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where after the adiabatic, isothermal or isobaric expansion process (5'-5), the expansion continues, ending the expansion with another adiabatic process (5-2) next to the turbine rotor (315). 19) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where after the adiabatic expansion process (5-2) next to the turbine rotor (315), still within the Otto cycle occurs another adiabatic process, however of compression (2-3) ending the Otto cycle. 20) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where the energy channeled to the binary cycle turbine engine is defined by the process (5'-5) of the Ottoindicated cycle by (43). 21) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where the energy channeled to the turbine rotor (315) is defined by the adiabatic process (5-2) indicated by (44). 22) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 20/40 8/9 characterized by a process such that the binary cycle (45) is coupled, integrated with the Otto cycle (41), so that the energy disposal process (5'-5) of the Otto cycle, is the input energy of the binary cycle (45), and forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), and all the processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously. 23) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where after the isothermal expansion process (ab), starting from point (b) of the binary cycle, two processes occur, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the energy conversion unit of the binary cycle engine and an adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the conservation unit of the binary cycle engine, ending the adiabatic expansion processes. 24) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where after the processes (bc) and (b-c '), two isothermal compression processes occur, starting from the point (c) of the binary cycle occurs an isothermal compression process (cd) of the energy conversion unit of the binary motor and starting from point (c ') there is an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the conservation unit of energy, ending the isothermal compression processes. 25) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process where after the processes (cd) and (c'-d '), two adiabatic compression processes occur, starting from point (d) of the binary cycle there is an adiabatic compression process (da) of the energy conversion unit of the binary cycle engine and an adiabatic compression process (d'-a) of the conservation unit of the binary cycle engine, ending the binary cycle (45). Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 21/40 9/9 26) CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE, according to claim 14, characterized by a process that in ideal conditions, without losses, the energy (42) enters by combustion in the Otto cycle (41), part of the discharged energy (44), feeds a turbine rotor through an adiabatic process, (315), another part of the energy (43), discharged from the Otto cycle (41), feeds the binary cycle, and the energy discharged from the binary cycle is , ideally without losses, the total energy lost, indicated by (46). Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 22/40 1/5 Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 8/40 2/5 Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 9/40 3/5 310 Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 10/40 4/5 Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 11/40 5/5 Petition 870170027321, of 04/26/2017, p. 12/40 1/1