BR102016018231A2 - magnetic sensor, motor assembly and integrated circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

magnetic sensor, set of motors, and integrated circuit the present teaching refers to an integrated circuit that includes an input port (1102, 1104) and an output port (1106), and an electrical circuit comprising a output control circuit (1120), coupled to the output port (1106) and configured to be at least responsive to a detected signal to control the integrated circuit to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state. the input port (1102, 1104) is to be connected to an external alternating current (AC) power source (1610). In the first state, a load current flows in a first direction from the output port (1106) to the outside of the integrated circuit, and in the second state, a load current flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction from the outside of the integrated circuit to the integrated circuit through the output port (1106). The operating frequency of the integrated circuit is positively proportional to the frequency of the external AC power supply (1610).

Description

“MAGNETIC SENSOR, ENGINE ASSEMBLY, AND INTEGRATED CIRCUIT”

1. TECHNICAL FIELD

The present teaching relates to a field of circuit technology. In particular, the present teaching relates to a magnetic sensor.

2. DISCUSSION OF TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

During the start of a synchronous motor, the stator produces an alternating magnetic field causing the permanent magnetic rotor to oscillate. The amplitude of rotor oscillation increases until the rotor begins to rotate, and finally the rotor is accelerated to rotate in sync with the alternating stator magnetic field. To ensure the start of a conventional synchronous motor, a starting point the motor is set to be low, which results in the motor not being able to operate at a relatively high work point, thus efficiency is low. In another aspect, the rotor cannot be assured to rotate in the same direction whenever a stationary or stationary position of the permanent magnetic rotor is not fixed. Therefore, in applications such as a water pump and fan, the rotor driven impeller has vertical radial fins, which results in poor operating efficiency of the fan and water pump.

[003] FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional drive circuit for a synchronous motor, which allows a rotor to rotate in the same predetermined direction each time it starts. In the circuit, a motor stator winding 1 is connected in series with a TR1AC between two terminals M and N of a VM AC power supply, and a VM AC power supply is converted by a DC to DC converter circuit. a DC voltage and DC current are provided to an H position sensor. A magnetic pole position of a rotor in the motor is detected by position sensor H, and an output signal Vh from position sensor H is connected to a PC switching control circuit for controlling the bidirectional thyristor T.

[004] FIG. 2 illustrates a waveform of the drive circuit. It can be seen from Figure 2 that in the drive circuit, no matter whether the bidirectional thyristor T is turned on or off, the AC power supply supplies power to the DC converting circuit so that the DC converting circuit constantly emits and supplies power to the H position sensor (referring to a VH signal in FIG. 2). In a low power application, in a case where the AC power supply is about 200V commercial electricity, the electrical power consumed by two resistors R2 and R3 in the DC conversion circuit is greater than the electrical power consumed by the motor.

The magnetic sensor is applied by the Hall effect, where when current I flows through a substance and magnetic field B is applied at a positive angle to current /, the potential difference V is generated. in a direction perpendicular to the current direction / and the direction of the magnetic field B. The magnetic sensor is often implemented to detect the magnetic polarity of an electric rotor.

As the signal circuit configuration and processing technology progresses, there is a need to improve the magnetic sensor and the implemented IC for ease of use and accurate detection.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present teaching provides a magnetic sensor including a housing, an entrance port and an exit port, both extending from the housing, and an electrical circuit. The input port is to be connected to an external ac power supply. The electrical circuit includes an output control circuit coupled to the output port and configured to be at least responsive to a magnetic induction signal to control the magnetic sensor to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state. In the first state, a charge current flows in a first direction from the outward port of the magnetic sensor, and in the second state, a charge current flows in a second direction opposite from the first direction from the outside of the sensor. to the magnetic sensor through the output port. The operating frequency of the magnetic sensor (1105) is positively proportional to the frequency of the external AC power supply.

Another aspect of the present teaching provides a motor assembly comprising a motor configured to operate on an alternating current (AC) power supply above the described magnetic sensor configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the motor and Operating in an operating state is determined based on the detected magnetic field and a bi-directional AC switch coupled in series with the motor and configured to control the motor based on the operating state of the magnetic sensor.

Another aspect of the present teaching provides an integrated circuit including an input port and an output port, and an electrical circuit comprising an output control circuit coupled to the output port and configured to be at least responsive to a signal detected to control the integrated circuit to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state. The input port is to be connected to an external AC (AC) power supply. In the first state, a load current flows in a first direction from the output port to the outside of the integrated circuit, and in the second state, a load current flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction from the outside of the circuit. integrated into the integrated circuit through the output port. The operating frequency of the integrated circuit is positively proportional to the frequency of the external AC power supply.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The methods, systems and / or programming described herein are further described in terms of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting, in which like reference numerals represent similar structures in all various views of the drawings, and which: FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art drive circuit for a synchronous motor according to one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 2 illustrates a waveform of the drive circuit shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a magnetic sensor 1105 according to one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 according to a different embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary implementation of output control circuit 1120 in accordance with one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary implementation of output control circuit 1120 according to another embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 according to yet another embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary diagram of rectifier 1150 according to one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 according to yet another embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary implementation circuit of a portion of magnetic sensor 1105 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment of output control circuit 1120 in connection with state control circuit 1140; FIG. 13 is a flow chart of an exemplary signal processing method performed by the magnetic sensor 1105, in accordance with one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a motor assembly 2200 incorporating the magnetic sensor discussed herein, according to one embodiment of the present teaching; FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a motor 2300 according to one embodiment of the present teaching; and FIG. 16 illustrates waveforms of an output voltage from an AC power supply 1610 and rectifier bridge 1150, respectively, according to one embodiment of the present teaching.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are provided by way of examples to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present teachings can be practiced without these details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, systems, components, and / or circuitry have been described at a relatively high level, without detail, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

Throughout the description and claims, terms may have meanings in nuances suggested or implied in context in addition to an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the term "in one embodiment / example" as used herein is not necessarily related to the same embodiment and the term "in another embodiment / example" as used herein is not necessarily related to one form of different realization. It is intended, for example, that the claimed object includes combinations of exemplary embodiments, in whole or in part.

In general, terminology can be understood at least in part from use in context. For example, terms such as "and", "or", or "and / or" as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend, at least in part, on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, used herein in their inclusive sense, as well as A, B, or C, used herein in exclusive sense. In addition, the term "one or more" as used herein, depending at least in part on the context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or feature in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures, or features. or features in a plural sense. Similarly, terms such as 'one', 'one', or 'a' can once again be understood to convey a singular use or to convey a plural use, depending at least in part on the context. In addition, the term "based on" may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey a unique set of factors and may instead allow the existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again depending at least on part of the context.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a magnetic sensor 1105 according to one embodiment of the present teaching. Magnetic sensor 1105 includes a housing (not shown), a semiconductor substrate residing in the housing (not shown), a first input Al 1102, a second input A2 1104, an output port B 1106, and an electronic circuit 1100 that resides. on the semiconductor substrate. Electronic circuit 1100 includes a control signal generation circuit 1110 and an output control circuit 1120 coupled to the control signal generation circuit 1110. In one embodiment, the first input Al 1102 and the second input 1104 A2 can be connected directly to an external power source (for example, 1610 in Fig. 16). In one embodiment, the first input 1102 and the second input 1104 A2 may be serially connected to the external power supply via, for example, an external load.

The control signal generation circuit 1110 may be configured to detect one or more signals, and generate a control signal based on one or more detected signals. In some examples, one or more signals may be one or more electrical signals received through electrical wires or cables. In other examples, one or more signals may be one or more magnetic signals or other types of signals received by the wireless magnetic sensor 1105 or by other means.

In operation, the control signal generation circuit 1110 determines, based on one or more detected signals, whether a predetermined condition is met. If the predetermined condition based on one or more detected signals, the control signal generating circuit 1110 can generate and transmit a first control signal to the output control circuit 1120 which will then control the magnetic sensor accordingly. 1105 to operate in a first state. In the first state, an electrical current (charge) can flow outside the magnetic sensor to output port B 1106. Control signal generation circuit 1110 can also generate and transmit a second control signal to the control circuit. output 1120 to control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a second state. In the second state, the electric current (charge) can flow from output port B 1106 to the magnetic sensor. How to determine the first state or second state in the control signal generation circuit is described in more detail.

On the other hand, when it is determined that the predetermined condition is not met based on one or more detected signals, the control signal generation circuit 1110 may generate and transmit a third control signal to the output control circuit. 1120 to control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a third state. In the third state, no electrical current (charge) flows through the output port B 1106. In some situations, in the third state, only a small amount of current flows through the output port B 1106, for example, the current intensity is less than one fifth of the electrical current (charge).

In some embodiments, the output control circuit 1120 is coupled to the control signal generation circuit 1110 and configured to control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a determined state based on the control signal received from the circuit. 1110. For example, when output control circuit 1120 receives the first control signal, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state in which the current (load) is present. flows to output port B 1106. When output control circuit 1120 receives the second control signal, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state in which the electrical current (charge) flows from outside to the magnetic sensor via output port B 1106. When output control circuit 1120 receives the third control signal, control circuit d and output 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state in which no electrical current (charge) flows through output port B 1106 (or only a small amount of current flowing through, when compared to current (charge)). For example, such a current is less than a quarter of the electrical current (charge). In one embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 may alternatively receive a plurality of control signals, including the first control signal and the second control signal, etc. Accordingly, the output control circuit 1120 can control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate at a high level between different states. Specifically, the magnetic sensor 1150 may operate alternately between the first state and the second state. In one embodiment, when the magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the third state, the magnetic sensor 1105 may be prevented from operating in the first state or the second state.

In one embodiment, when the first input Al 1102 and the second input A2 1104 are connected to external AC power supply 1610 (Fig. 8), the operating frequency of magnetic sensor 1105, if in the first state or second state, or third state, may be defined to be positively proportional to the frequency of external AC power supply 1610. In one embodiment, the operating frequency of magnetic sensor 1105 in the third state is twice the operating frequency. first state or second state, which is twice the frequency of the 1610 external AC power supply.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 according to a different embodiment of the present teaching. In this embodiment, the magnetic sensor 1105 comprises the first input Al 1102, the second input A2 1104, the output from port 1106 B, and an electronic circuit 1100. Electronic circuit 1100 comprises a magnetic field detection circuit 1130, a state control circuit 1140 coupled to magnetic field detection circuit 1130, and output control circuit 1120 coupled to state control circuit 1140.

The magnetic field of the sensing circuit 1130 can be configured to detect an external magnetic field and output a magnetic induction signal according to the detected external magnetic field. The magnetic induction signal may indicate or represent the polarity and intensity of the external magnetic field.

The state control circuit 1140 may be configured to determine if a predetermined condition is met, and to transmit a control signal corresponding to the output control circuit 1120 based on the determination upon receiving the control signal, the circuit. Output control 1120 can control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a corresponding state determined based on the magnetic induction signal. Specifically, when the predetermined condition is met, the corresponding state may be one of the first state and the second state, corresponding respectively to a specific polarity of the external magnetic field indicated by the magnetic induction signal. For example, the first state may correspond to a situation in which a first polarity of the external magnetic field is detected, and the second state may correspond to a situation in which a second polarity (which is opposite to the first polarity) of the magnetic field is detected. external. Therefore, when the predetermined condition is met and the external magnetic field exhibits a first polarity, state control circuitry 1140 may transmit a control signal indicating as such to output control circuitry 1120, according to circuitry. 1120 output control can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state. As described above, in the first state, the electric current (charge) flows from the magnetic sensor outward through the output port B 1106. When the predetermined condition is met and the external magnetic field exhibits a second polarity, which is opposite to the first one. In polarity, the state control circuit 1140 can transmit a control signal indicating as such to the output control circuit 1120, on the basis of which the output control circuit 1120 can control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state. As described above, in the second state, the electric current (charge) flows from outside to the magnetic sensor through the output port B 1106.

On the other hand, when the state control circuit 1140 determines that the predetermined conditions are not met (or when the state control circuit 1140 does not respond to the magnetic induction signal or the magnetic induction signal cannot be obtained). magnetic field detection circuit 1130), the state control circuit 1120 may transmit a control signal indicating as such to the output control circuit 1120 to control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a third state. In the third state, no electrical current (charge) flows through output port B 1106 (or only a small amount of current flows through output port B compared to electrical current (charge), for example, current intensity is less than a quarter of the electrical current (charge).

Output control circuit 1120 is coupled to control signal generation circuit 1110 and configured to control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in a determined state based on a control signal received from the control signal generation circuit. 1110. For example, when output control circuit 1120 receives the control signal indicating that the predetermined condition is met and a first polarity of the external magnetic field, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate on the control. first state, allowing electrical current (charge) to flow outside the magnetic sensor through output port B 1106. When output control circuit 1120 receives the control signal indicating satisfaction of the predetermined condition and a second polarity detected From the external magnetic field, the output control circuit 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate on the second state, allowing electrical current (charge) to flow from the outside to the magnetic sensor through output port B 1106. When output control circuit 1120 receives the control signal indicating that the predetermined condition has not been met, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state, in which no electrical current (charge) can flow through output port B 1106 (or only a small amount of current flows through output port B compared to the above electrical current (charge), for example, the current is less than a quarter of the electrical current (charge). In one embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 may receive a plurality of the time control signals altogether. Thus, the output control circuit 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate between different states at a high level, including between the first state and the second state.

In one embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 may be configured based on user specification. For example, output control circuit 1120 may be configured to control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate at a high level between a working state and a high impedance state. The working state may correspond to the first state or the second state, and the high impedance state may correspond to the third state.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present teaching. In this embodiment, an exemplary construction of magnetic field detection circuit 1130 is provided. Electronic circuit 1100 similar to that of FIG. 4 includes magnetic field detection circuit 1130, state control circuit 1140 and output control circuit 1120. Magnetic field detection circuit 1130 in this embodiment comprises a magnetic sensing element 1131, an element 1132 and an analog to digital conversion element 1133.

The magnetic sensing element 1131 may be configured to detect and output the signal processing element of an analog electrical signal that is indicative of certain information related to the external magnetic field. For example, the signal output from magnetic sensor element 1131 may indicate the polarity of the external magnetic field. In one embodiment, the magnetic sensing element 1131 may be implemented based on a Hall plate.

The signal processing element 1132 may be configured to process the analog electrical signal from the magnetic sensing element 1131 and generate an analog electrical signal processed by, for example, amplifying and reducing the interference of analog electrical signals at in order to improve the accuracy of the detected signals. The processed analog electrical signal is sent to analog-digital conversion element 1133.

The analog to digital conversion element 1133 may be configured to convert the processed analog electrical signal to a magnetic induction signal. In situations where only the polarity of the external magnetic field needs to be detected, the magnetic induction signal may correspond to a digital switching signal. State control circuit 1140 and output control circuit 1120 in FIG. 5 operate in the similar manner to that described with respect to FIG. 4

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary implementation of output control circuit 1120 in accordance with one embodiment of the present teaching. In one embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 may be configured to the user's specification. As shown in FIG. 6, output control circuit 1120 includes a first switch K 1410, a second switch K2 1420, and a third switch K3 1430. Each of the first switch K 1410, the second switch K2 1420, and the third switch 1430 K3 is a diode or a transistor. The first switch is coupled to the outlet port B 1106 through the third switch K3 1430 to form a first current path allowing the load current to flow through a first direction. The second switch is coupled to the outlet port B 1106 via the third switch K3 1430 to form a second current path allowing the load current to flow through in a second direction opposite the first direction. The first switch 1410 K1 and the second switch K2 1420 respond to magnetic induction signal 1405 to selectively switch on the corresponding current path.

In one embodiment, the first switch Kl 1410 and the second switch K2 1420 may be selectively turned on or off according to user specifications. In one embodiment, the first switch K 1410 and the second switch K2 1420 may be configured to receive magnetic induction signal 1405, which indicates the detected polarity of the external magnetic field. The first Kl 1410 switch and the second K2 1420 switch may be selectively switched on or off in response to the magnetic induction signal 1405. For example, the first Kl 1410 switch may be a high voltage conduction switch, and the second K2 1420 switch. it may be a low voltage driving switch. To achieve this, the first switch Kl 1410 is connected to a higher voltage VDD 1407 (eg a direct current power supply), and the second switch K2 1420 is connected to a lower voltage (eg ground). . When the magnetic induction signal 1405 has a high voltage, for example indicating a first detected polarity of the external magnetic field, the first switch K 1410 can be turned on and the second switch K2 1420 can be turned off. When the magnetic induction signal 1405 has a low voltage, for example indicating a second polarity, as opposed to the first polarity of the external magnetic field, the first switch K 1410 can be turned off and the second switch K2 1420 can be turned on.

In one embodiment, the third switch K3 1430 may be turned on or off depending on whether the magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition. For example, when the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition, the third switch 1430 K3 may be turned on. Otherwise, the third switch K3 1430 can be turned off. Details on how to control the third switch is discussed with respect to FIG. 10

As described above, when the magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal has a high voltage, the first switch K 1410 is turned on, the second switch K2 1420 is turned off, and the third switch K3 1430 is turned on. switched on. Consequently, the first current circuit is turned on and the second current path is turned off. As a result, the output control circuit 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state. That is, the electric current (charge) flows from the VDD through 1407 of the first switch 1410 Kl, of the third switch K3 1430, and finally out of output port B 1106.

When the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal has a low voltage, the first switch K 1410 is turned off, the second switch K2 1420 is turned on, and the third switch K3 1430 is turned on. In this way, the first current path is turned off and the second current circuit is turned on. As a result, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state. That is, the electric current (charge) flows to the output port B 1106 via the third switch K3 1430 and the second switch K2 1420 to earth.

When the magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the third switch K3 1430 is turned off. Therefore, neither the first current path nor the second current circuit is connected. As a result, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state, regardless of whether magnetic induction signal 1405 has a high voltage or a low voltage. That is, no electrical current (charge) flows through output port B 1106 (or just a small amount of current flowing through output port B compared to the above electrical current (charge), for example, is less than a quarter of the current (load) current and cannot trigger a load outside the magnetic sensor). As such, output control circuit 1120 does not respond to magnetic induction signal 1405.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary implementation of output control circuit 1120 according to another embodiment of the present teaching. As shown, the output control circuit 1120 is coupled to the magnetic field detection circuit 1130. The output control circuit 1120 receives the induction magnetic signal 1405 (as shown in FIG. 6) from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130. The output control circuit 1120 includes a single-direction switch D 1510, a resistor R 1520, and the third switch K3 1430. The single-direction switch D 1510 is coupled to output port B 1106 via the third switch K3 1340. forming a first current path allowing the load current to flow in a first direction. On the other hand, resistor R 1520 is coupled to output port B 1106 via third switch K3 1430, forming a second current path allowing the load current to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction. When the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition, the third switch K3 1430 may be turned on. Otherwise, the third switch K3 1530 can be turned off. Details on how to control on / off of the third switch are discussed with respect to FIG. 10. The single conductor switch D 1510 may be selectively turned on or off based on magnetic induction signal 1405 received from magnetic field detection circuit 1130. For example, when magnetic induction signal 1405 has a high voltage, the switch single driving D 1510 is switched on. When magnetic induction signal 1405 has a low voltage, the single conduction switch D 1510 is turned off. In another embodiment, resistor R 1520 may be replaced by another single conduction switch connected antiparallel to single conduction switch D 1510.

As described above, when the magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal 1405 received from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 has a high voltage, the single conduction switch D 1510 and the third switch K3 1430 are attached. Consequently, the first current path is turned on and the second current path is turned off. As a result, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state. That is, the electric current (charge) flows out of the output port B 1106 via the single-direction switch D 1510 and the third switch K31530.

When the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal 1405 received from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 has a low voltage, the single conduction switch D 1510 is turned off and the third switch K3 1430 is switched on. . In this way, the first current path is turned off. As the magnetic induction signal is low, and the third switch K3 1430 is turned on, the second current path is conducting. As a result, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state. That is, the electric current (charge) flows to the output port B 1106, and through the third switch K3 1530 and resistor R 1520, respectively.

When the magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the third switch K3 1430 is turned off. In this case, neither the first current path nor the second current path is switched on. As a result, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state, regardless of whether magnetic induction signal 1405 has a high voltage or a low voltage. That is, no electrical current (charge) flows through output port B 1106. As such, output control circuit 1120 does not respond to magnetic induction signal 1405.

FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary diagram of the magnetic sensor 1105 according to yet another embodiment of the present teaching. As shown, input 1615 of magnetic sensor 1105 is connected to an external AC power supply 1610. In this embodiment, magnetic sensor 1105 includes a rectifier 1150 connected to input 1615 and configured to receive a pair of differential AC signals. 1610 external AC power supply and convert the pair of differential AC signals to direct direct current (DC) signals. The output voltage of rectifier 1150 may be used to energize magnetic field detection circuit 1130, state control circuit 1140, and output control circuit 1120. Magnetic sensor 1105 may further comprise magnetic detection circuit. 1130, state control circuit 1140 and output control circuit 1120 as described above.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary diagram of rectifier 1150 in accordance with one embodiment of the present teaching. The 1150 rectifier includes a full wave rectifier bridge and a stabilization unit connected to the full wave rectifier. The full-wave rectifier bridge includes a first D1 1710 diode, a second D2 1720 diode, a third D3 1730 diode, and a fourth D4 1740 diode. As shown in FIG. 9, the first Dl 1710 diode is serially connected to the second D2 1720 diode, and the third D3 1730 diode is serially connected to the fourth D4 1740 diode. The output of the first Dl 1710 diode and the input of the second D2 1720 diode are connected. to the first VAC + 1705 input port, and the output of the third D3 1730 diode and the input of the fourth D4 1740 diode are connected to the second VAC 1707 input port. In one embodiment, the first VAC input port + 1705 and the second input port of VAC-1707 are a pair of differential AC signals. The full-wave rectifier bridge can be configured to convert the pair of differential AC signals produced by the 1610 AC power supply to direct signals. The stabilizer unit may be a Zener DZ 1750 diode and configured to stabilize direct signals emitted by the full wave rectifier bridge within a predetermined range. The stabilization unit emits a stabilized DC voltage.

In one embodiment, the input of the first diode D1 1710 is connected to the input of the third diode D3 1730 at a first connection point, thus forming the full-wave rectifier bridge grounding port. In addition, the output of the second D2 1720 diode is connected to the output of the fourth D4 1740 diode at a second connection point, thus forming the output port of the full-wave rectifier bridge, VDD 1760. The Zener DZ 1750 diode is located between the first connection point and the second connection point. In one embodiment, the VDD 1760 output may be directly connected to the output control circuit 1120.

In one embodiment, the first VAC + 1705 input port and the second VAC-1707 input port are connected to external AC power supply 1610. In this case, the output control circuit 1120 may be respond to the polarity of external AC power supply 1610 in addition to magnetic induction signal 1405.

In one embodiment, whether the magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the first state, the second state, or the third state, depends on whether the magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition, which can be determined according to the user's specification. . Thus, the output control circuit 1120 can control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state that the electric current (charge) can flow outside the output port B 1106 or in the second state that the electric current (charge) can flow to output port B 1106. Alternatively, or additionally, when the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition, the output control circuit 1120 may control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate alternately between the first state and the second state. response to external AC power supply polarity 1610 and magnetic field polarity indicated by magnetic induction signal 1405. When magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state that no electrical current (charge) can flow through output port B 1106 or just a small Current flow flows through the output port B compared to the above electrical current (load), for example, the current intensity is less than a quarter of the electrical current (load).

In one embodiment, when the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition, the output control circuit 1120 may respond to the magnetic induction signal and external AC power supply 1610 to further control the magnetic sensor 1105. to operate in the first state or the second state. For example, when the magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal 1405 indicates that the external magnetic field has the first magnetic polarity and the external AC power supply 1610 has the first electrical polarity, Output 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state. For another example, when the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition and the magnetic induction signal 1405 indicates that the external magnetic field has the second magnetic polarity that is opposite to the first magnetic polarity and the AC power supply 1610 has the second Electrical polarity that is opposite to the first electrical polarity, the output control circuit 1120 can control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state.

[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary diagram of magnetic sensor 1105 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present teaching. In this exemplary embodiment, an exemplary construction of state control circuit 1140 is provided. As shown, input 1615 of magnetic sensor 1105 is connected to an external AC power supply 1610. As shown previously, magnetic sensor 1105 includes a rectifier 1150 connected to input 1615 and configured to receive a pair of differential AC signals from the 1610 external AC power supply and convert the pair of differential AC signals to direct current signals. The magnetic sensor 1105 further comprises the magnetic detection circuit 1130, the state control circuit 1140 and the output control circuit 1120. As shown in FIG. 10, state control circuit 1140 further comprises a voltage sensing circuit 1141, a delay circuit 1142 and a logic circuit 1143.

The voltage sensing circuit 1142 may be configured to detect whether a voltage on magnetic sensor 1105 is equal to or greater than a threshold voltage. When the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the voltage sensing circuit 1142 generates a predetermined trigger signal and transmits it to the delay circuit 1141. In one embodiment, the voltage may be the field sensing circuit supply voltage. 1130. The threshold voltage may be the minimum voltage required for the operation of the magnetic sensing element 1131, the signal processing element 1132, and the analog-digital conversion element 1133 of the magnetic field detection circuit 1130. In one form In one embodiment, the threshold voltage may be adjusted to a value that is less than the DC voltage stabilized by the stabilizing unit as described with respect to FIG. 9

Since being tripped by voltage sensing circuit 1142, delay circuit 1141 determines whether magnetic sensor 1105 satisfies the predetermined condition. Specifically, delay circuit 1141 may start time upon receipt of the trigger signal from voltage sensing circuit 1142. When the time delay is equal to or greater than a predetermined time extension, delay circuit 1141 determines that magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition. Otherwise, the delay circuit 1141 determines that the magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition.

The logic circuit 1143 may be configured to enable the output control circuit 1120 to respond to the magnetic induction signal and control the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in any of the three states as discussed herein. For example, the magnetic sensor will operate in the first state or the second state when the time delay recorded by delay circuit 1141 is equal to or greater than the predetermined time. Logic circuit 1143 is further configured to enable output control circuit 1120 to control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state when the time delay recorded by delay circuit 1141 is less than the predetermined period.

In one embodiment, to detect that the supply voltage of the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 reaches the predetermined voltage limit is to ensure that all modules of the magnetic field detection circuit 1130, i.e. magnetic sensing element 1131, signal processing element 1132 and analog-digital conversion element 1133 may function normally.

[0051] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary implementation circuit of a portion of magnetic sensor 1105 according to yet another embodiment of the present teaching. Specifically, FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary implementation of output control circuit 1120 and state control circuit 1140. State control circuit 1140 includes voltage sensing circuit 1141, delay circuit 1142 and logic circuit 1143, which is an AND gate 1910 as shown in FIG. 11. A first AND 1910 port input may correspond to the magnetic induction signal 1905, a second AND 1910 port input may be connected to a delay circuit output of 1141, and the AND 1910 port output may be connected to the circuit. output control 1120.

In this embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 includes three high voltage conduction switches M0 1920, M1 1960, M2 1970, a D5 1980 diode, a 1990 inverter, a first resistor RI 1930, and a second resistor R2 1950. The control terminal of switch M0 1920 is connected to the output of AND 1910 port. The input of switch 1920 M0 is connected to a 1940 (OUTAD +) voltage output port of rectifier 1150 via resistor RI 1930. The switch M2 1970 is coupled in parallel with the switch M0 1920. The control terminal of switch M2 1970 is coupled to the output of delay circuit 1141 via inverter 1990. In one embodiment, the equivalent resistance of switch M2 1970 is larger than that of the M0 1920 switch.

In operation, when the delayed period recorded by the delay circuit 1141 is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold period, the delay circuit 1141 generates a high voltage. Therefore, this high voltage allows magnetic induction signal 1905 of magnetic field detection circuit 1130 to be transmitted to switch M0 1920 via AND gate 1910. In addition, when the AC power supply signal 1610 is in the positive half-cycle and magnetic induction signal 1905 of magnetic field detection circuit 1130 emits low voltage, switch M0 1920 and switch M2 1970 can be turned off and switch Ml 1960 can be turned on. As a result, the electrical current (charge) can flow out of output port B 1106 via switch M1 1960. That is, output control circuit 1120 operates magnetic sensor 1105 in the first state. Alternatively, when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the negative half cycle and the magnetic induction signal 1905 from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 emits high voltage, switch M0 1920 can be turned on, and switches Ml 1960 and M2 1970 can be turned off. As a result, electrical current (charge) can flow into output port B 1106 and pass through diode D5 1980 and switch M0 1920. That is, output control circuit 1120 can control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state.

When the time delay recorded by delay circuit 1141 is shorter than the threshold time. Delay circuit 1141 and AND gate 1910 may emit a low voltage, switches M0 1920 and M1 may be turned off, and switch M2 1970 may be turned on. As a result, electrical current flows to output port B 1106 and passes through diode D5 1980 and switch M2 1970. Since the equivalent resistance of switch M2 1970 is large, current is too small, or negligible. That is, the output control circuit 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state.

FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment of output control circuit 1120 in connection with state control circuit 1140. State control circuit 1140 includes sensing circuit voltage 1141, delay circuit 1142, and circuit Specifically, logic circuit 1143 of state control circuit 1140 includes a first input signal port 2002, a second signal input port 2004, a first signal output port 2006, and a second output port. 2008. The first signal input port 2002 may be connected to the delay circuit output 1141, and the second signal input port may be connected to receive the magnetic induction signal 2005. When the time delay recorded by the circuit Delay 1141 is shorter than the threshold period, logic circuit 1143 can be configured to emit a low voltage like delay circuit 1141. On the other hand, when If the time delay recorded by the delay circuit 1141 is equal to or greater than the threshold period, the delay circuit 1141 may emit high voltage. In addition, logic circuit 1143 can output magnetic induction signal 2005 through the first signal output port 2006 or the second signal output port 2008. The output signals from the first signal output port 2006 and the second Signal output port 2008 may have a phase difference of 180 degrees. It should be appreciated that the output signals on the first output port 2006 and the second output port 2008 cannot have high voltages at the same time.

In this embodiment, the output control circuit 1120 includes three switches, namely switches M3 2060, M42040 and M5 2070, two resistors, ie resistors R3 2050 and R4 2030, and a protection diode D6 2020. Specifically, the M3 2060 and M5 2070 switches are both high voltage conduction switches and the M4 2040 switch is a low voltage conduction switch. The control terminals of switch M3 2060 and switch M5 2070 are connected to the first signal output port 2006 and the second signal output port 2008 of logic circuit 1143, respectively. The input of switch M3 2060 is connected to a first port of resistor R3 2050. The output of switch M3 2060 is connected to the grounded (OUTAD-2080) output of rectifier 1150 (as shown in FIG. 7).

The M4 2040 switch control terminal is connected to a second port of resistor R3 2050. The M4 2040 switch input is connected to the control voltage output (OUTAD + 2010) port of rectifier 1150. switch M4 2040 is connected to the input of switch M5 2070. The output of switch M5 2070 is connected to the voltage output port (OUTAD-2080) of rectifier 1150. In one embodiment, the voltage output port (OUTAD- 2080) is a floating land. The output of switch M4 2040 is connected to the input of switch M5 2070 and output port B 1106. The control terminal of switch M4 2040 is connected to the positive polarity of protection diode D6 2020. The input of switch M4 2040 is connected. negative polarity of protection diode D6 2020. Resistance R4 2030 is connected between the control terminal and input terminal of switch M4 2040.

In operation, when the time delay recorded by the delay circuit 1141 is equal to or greater than the threshold period, the delay circuit 1141 generates a high voltage. In this case, logic circuit 1143 allows the magnetic induction signal to be output from the first signal output port 2006 or the second signal output port 2008. The output signals at the first signal output port 2002 and the second port Signal output 2004 can have a phase difference of 180 degrees. In addition, when the AC power supply signal 1610 is in the positive half cycle and the magnetic induction signal 2005 from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 corresponds to a high voltage, the M3 2060 and M4 2040 switches may be switched on, the M5 2070 switch can be turned off. As a result, electrical current (charge) flows out of output port B 1106 via switch M4 2040. That is, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the first state. Alternatively, when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the negative half cycle and the 2005 magnetic induction signal from the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 corresponds to a low voltage, the M3 2060 and M4 2040 switches can be turned off. , and switch M5 2070 can be turned on. As a result, electrical current flows to output port B 1106 and passes through switch M5 2070. That is, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state.

When the time delay recorded by delay circuit 1141 is shorter than the threshold period, output control circuit 1120 is designed to control magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the third state. In this case, delay circuit 1141 produces a low voltage, logic circuit 1143 produces a low voltage at each of the first output port 2006 and the second output port 2008, and the switches M3 2060, M4 2040, and M5. 2070 can be turned off. As a result, no electrical current flows through the output port B 1106 (or only a small amount of current flows through the output port B compared to the above electrical current (charge), for example, the current is less than one). quarter of the electric current (charge).

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of an exemplary signal processing method performed by magnetic sensor 1105, according to one embodiment of the present teaching. In step SI01, an external magnetic field is detected. A magnetic induction signal may be indicative of polarity and / or the intensity of the external magnetic field is generated. Specifically, in step S101, analog electrical signals associated with an external magnetic field and associated information are detected and emitted. In addition, the detected analog electrical signal can be processed by amplifying and reducing interference from the analog electrical signal. In addition, the processed analog electrical signal can be converted to generate the magnetic induction signal. In some applications, the magnetic induction signal may be a digital switching signal that is indicative of the polarity of the external magnetic field.

In step SI02, it is determined whether a predetermined condition is met. The predetermined condition is related or evaluated with respect to a specific voltage of the magnetic sensor. If the predetermined condition is met, the method proceeds to step SI03. Otherwise, the method proceeds to step SI04. Specifically, the predetermined condition may be set to a predetermined period that the voltage of the magnetic sensor reaches the predetermined voltage threshold. In one embodiment, whether the predetermined condition is met may be determined based on the time period during which the voltage of the magnetic sensor 1105 is equal to or greater than a predetermined voltage threshold. As discussed herein, to perform step SI02, it is determined whether the voltage of magnetic sensor 1105 reaches the predetermined voltage threshold. If so, delay circuit 1142 starts time. If the time delay reaches a predetermined extent, it is determined that the predetermined condition is met. Otherwise, it is determined that the predetermined condition is not met.

In step SI03, based on the magnetic induction signal, the magnetic sensor is controlled to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state. As discussed here, in the first state, an electric current (charge) flows out of output port B 1106. In the second state, electric current (charge) flows to output port B 1106. In step SI04, the sensor The magnetic sensor is controlled to operate in a third state, where the magnetic sensor 1105 operates neither in the first state nor in the second state, ie, no (or negligible) current flows through output port B 1106.

[0063] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a motor assembly 2200 incorporating the magnetic sensor discussed herein, in accordance with one embodiment of the present teaching. Motor assembly 2200 comprises an M 1202 motor coupled to an external AC power supply 1610, a two-way controllable AC switch 1300 serially coupled to the M 1202 motor, and magnetic sensor 1105. Magnetic sensor 1105 is located near the motor rotor 1202 in order to detect the variation of the magnetic field near the rotor.

In one embodiment, the magnetic sensor 1105 includes a first input 1102 coupled to motor 1202, a second input 1104 coupled to external AC power supply 1610 and output 1106 coupled to an AC switch control terminal. bidirectional controller 1105.

In one embodiment, the motor assembly 2200 may further comprise a voltage reduction circuit 1105 configured to provide, for example, a reduced voltage obtained from the AC power supply 1610 to the magnetic sensor. 1105. In this embodiment, the first input 1102 of the magnetic sensor 1105 is instead coupled to the voltage reduction circuit 1200.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a motor 2300 according to one embodiment of the present teaching. Motor 2300 may be similar to motor 1202 in FIG. 14. In one embodiment, motor 2300 is a synchronous motor including a stator and a rotor M1 rotor around the stator. The stator includes an M2 stator core and an M3 single-phase winding winding around the M2 stator core. The core of the M2 stator may include pure iron, cast iron, cast steel, electric steel, silicon steel, or any other soft magnetic materials. The M1 rotor includes a permanent magnet. When the stator winding M3 is coupled in series with the 1610 AC power supply, the M1 rotor can operate at a uniform speed of 60f / p rpm (revolution / minute) in the stable phase, where f is the frequency of the source. AC power supply 1610, and the number of rotor pole pairs M1. The stator core M2 has two opposite polarities, each of which has a pole arc (for example, M4, M5). The outer surface of rotor M1 is opposite the pole arc (e.g., M4, M5), thus forming a non-uniform interstice between the outer surface and the pole arc. The pole arcs (eg M4, M5) of the stator poles are embedded with concave grooves. The portion of the different pole arc of the concave groove has the same central axis as the rotor M1.

A non-uniform magnetic field can be formed in the above configuration which ensures that the rotor polar M1 is relative to the central axis of the stator pole at an angle when the rotor M1 is static. The angle ensures an initial torque for rotor M1 each time motor M is powered under the influence of magnetic sensor 1105. Rotor polar M1 may be the boundary between opposite magnetic polarities of rotor M1. The central axis of the stator may be a line that passes through the centers of the stator poles. In one embodiment, the stator and rotor M1 have two magnetic polarities. In one embodiment, the stator and rotor M1 may have a greater number of magnetic poles, for example four or six magnetic polarities.

Turning to FIG. 14, when the magnetic sensor 1105 meets the predetermined condition, the magnetic sensor 1105 may operate in the first or second state, depending on the signal from the AC power supply 1610 and the polarity of the permanent magnetic rotor M1. Specifically, when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the positive half cycle and magnetic field detection circuit 1130 detects that permanent magnetic rotor M1 has a first polarity, output control circuit 1120 controls magnetic sensor 1105. to operate in the first state. That is, an electric current can flow from the magnetic sensor 1105 to the two-way controllable AC switch 1300. Alternatively, when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the negative half cycle and the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 detects the rotor Permanent magnetic M1 has a second polarity that is opposite to the first polarity, the output control circuit 1120 controls the magnetic sensor 1105 to operate in the second state, in which the electric current can flow from the controllable bidirectional AC switch 1300 to magnetic sensor 1105.

When magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the third state, in which no electrical current flows between controllable bidirectional AC switch 1300 and magnetic sensor 1105 (or only a small amount of current flows between the controllable AC 1300 bidirectional AC switch and magnetic sensor 1105).

In one embodiment, the magnetic sensor 1105 includes the rectifier 1150 as shown in FIG. 9 and output control circuit 1120 as shown in FIG. 6. As described above, in FIG. 6, the output control circuit 1120 includes the first switch K 1410, which is a high voltage driving switch, the second switch K2 1420, which is a low voltage driving switch, and the third switch K3 1430. When If the predetermined condition is met, the third switch K3 1430 is turned on. In addition, when the AC power supply signal 1610 is in the positive half cycle and the magnetic induction signal is a high voltage, the first switch K 1410 is turned on and the second switch K2 1420 is turned off. As a result, magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the first state, in which electric current flows from the AC power supply 1610 through motor M 1202, voltage reduction circuit 1105, from the first sensor input port. 1105, from the voltage output port of the second diode D2 on the full-wave rectifier bridge, from the first switch Kl 1410 of the output control circuit 1120, from output port B 1106, then the controllable bidirectional AC switch 1105 finally turns alternatively, when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the negative half cycle and the magnetic induction signal is low voltage, the first switch Kl 1410 is turned off and the second switch K2 1420. is turned on. As a result, the magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the second state, in which electric current flows from the AC power supply 1610 through the two-way controllable AC switch 1105, the output port B 1106, the second switch K2 1420, the full-wave rectifier bridge grounding port, first diode Dl 1710, first input port of magnetic sensor 1105, voltage reduction circuit 1105, motor 1202, and finally back to AC power supply 1610.

When the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the half positive cycle and the magnetic field detection circuit 1130 emits a low voltage, or when the 1610 AC power supply signal is in the negative half cycle and the The magnetic field detection circuit 1130 emits a high voltage, neither the first switch K 1410 nor the second switch K2 1420 can be switched on. Therefore, the output control circuit 1120 operates the two-way controllable AC switch 1105 alternately between "ON" and "OFF" states in a predetermined manner. The output control circuit 1120 can further enable the magnetic sensor 1105 to control how to energize the M3 stator winding based on the variation of the 1610 AC power supply polarity and magnetic detection information, making the magnetic field variable generated by the rotor stator coupled with the rotor in one direction according to the position of the rotor magnetic field. This allows rotor M1 to rotate in the fixed direction each time motor 1202 is energized.

On the other hand, when the magnetic sensor 1105 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the third switch K3 1430 is turned off. As a result, magnetic sensor 1105 operates in the third state, in which no electrical current flows in motor assembly 2200 (or only a negligible small amount of current flows in motor assembly 2200) compared to the above electrical current, for example. , the current intensity is less than a quarter of the electric current.

FIG. 16 illustrates waveforms of an output voltage from an AC power supply 1610 and rectifier bridge 1150, respectively, according to one embodiment of the present teaching. Specifically, the upper portion of FIG. 16 illustrates the AC voltage supply output voltage waveform 1610, and the lower portion of FIG. 24 illustrates the rectifier bridge output voltage waveform 1150. As shown, the rectifier bridge output voltage frequency is twice the frequency of the AC power supply 1610.

When the rectifier bridge 1150 output voltage waveform rises, the output control circuit 1120 may operate in the third state before the output control circuit 1120 operates in the first state or the second state. Therefore, when the AC power supply output voltage 1610 waveform is in the positive half cycle, the magnetic sensor 1105 may operate in the first state. When the 1610 AC power supply output voltage waveform is in the negative half cycle, the magnetic sensor 1105 may operate in the second state. Therefore, the operating frequency of the third state is positively proportional to the operating frequency of the first state or second state, and is also proportional to the voltage frequency of the AC power supply 1610. In one embodiment, the operating frequency The third state is twice the operating frequency of the first state or the second state, which is twice the frequency of the 1610 AC power supply.

It should be understood that the examples described above are for illustrative purposes. The present teaching is not intended to be limiting. Magnetic sensor 1105 may be used for applications other than motor assembly 2200 as described above.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present teachings are subject to a variety of modifications and / or improvements. For example, while the implementation of the various components described above may be incorporated into one hardware device, it may also be implemented as a single software solution - for example, an installation on an existing server. In addition, host units and client nodes as described herein may be implemented as a firmware, a firmware / software combination, a hardware / firmware combination, or a hardware / firmware / combination. software. In another embodiment, the motor and controllable bidirectional AC switch may be coupled in series to each other and form a first branch. The series-connected voltage reduction circuit and magnetic sensor form a second branch. The first branch is coupled in parallel to the second branch between two ends of the external AC power supply.

Although what has been described above is considered to be the best mode and / or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made and that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, of which only a few have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.

Claims (15)

1. Magnetic sensor, characterized in that it comprises: a housing; an input port and an output port, both extending from the housing, wherein the input port is to be connected to an external alternating current (AC) power supply; and an electrical circuit comprising: an output control circuit coupled to the output port and configured to be at least responsive to a magnetic induction signal to control the magnetic sensor to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state. , wherein in the first state, a charge current flows in a first direction from the outward port of the magnetic sensor, in the second state, a charge current flows in a second direction opposite from the first direction from outside from the magnetic sensor to the magnetic sensor through the output port, and the operating frequency of the magnetic sensor is positively proportional to the frequency of the external AC power supply. Magnetic sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical circuit further comprises a magnetic field detection circuit configured to detect an external magnetic field and output the magnetic induction signal which is indicative of at least one characteristic. of the external magnetic field. Magnetic sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the output control circuit is configured to control, when a predetermined condition is met, the magnetic sensor to operate in at least one of the first and second states. in response to the magnetic induction signal. Magnetic sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that when the predetermined condition is met, the magnetic sensor operates at a high level between the first and second states depending on a magnetic polarity of the external magnetic field and a polarity of the external AC power supply. Magnetic sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that the output control circuit is configured to control the magnetic sensor, when the predetermined condition is met, to operate in the first state, allowing a load current to flow in the first direction when the magnetic induction signal indicates that the external magnetic field has a first magnetic polarity and the external AC power supply has a first polarity; and in the second state, allowing a charge current to flow in the second direction when the magnetic induction signal indicates that the external magnetic field has a second magnetic polarity opposite to the first magnetic polarity and the external AC power supply has a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. Magnetic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the output control circuit comprises a first switch coupled to the output port to form a first current path for a load current to flow in the first one. direction; and a second switch coupled to the output port to form a second current path for a charge current to flow in the second direction, wherein the first and second switches respond, respectively, to the magnetic induction signal to selectively turn on the first and second. current paths respectively. Magnetic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when the magnetic sensor operates in either the first or second state, the operating frequency of the magnetic sensor is the same as the frequency of the source. AC power supply. Magnetic sensor according to claim 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that the output control circuit is additionally configured to control, when the predetermined condition is not met, the magnetic sensor to operate in a third state, where there is a negligible amount of load current flowing through the output port or no current flowing through the output port. Magnetic sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that the operating frequency of the magnetic sensor in the third state is twice the frequency of the external AC power supply. Magnetic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrical circuit further comprises a rectifier configured to full-wave rectify the external AC power supply to generate an output voltage having a frequency of two. times the operating frequency of the magnetic sensor in the first or second state. Magnetic sensor according to any one of claims 3 to 5 or claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the electrical circuit further comprises a subcircuit configured to determine whether the predetermined condition is met. Magnetic sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that the subcircuit for determining whether the predetermined condition is met comprises a voltage sensing circuitry configured to detect a specific voltage when the specific voltage is equal to or greater. than a predetermined voltage threshold emits a trigger signal; a delay circuit coupled to the voltage sensing circuit and configured in time, upon receiving the trigger signal, a length of time during which the specific voltage is equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage threshold; and a logic circuit coupled to the delay circuit and configured to signal that the predetermined condition is met when the time span exceeds a predetermined time span, and signal that the predetermined condition is not met when the time span does not exceed the predetermined length of time. 13. Motor assembly, characterized in that it comprises: an engine configured to operate on an AC power source; a magnetic sensor as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, the magnetic sensor configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the motor and operate in a determined operating state based on the detected magnetic field; and a bidirectional AC switch coupled in series with the motor and configured to control the motor based on the operating state of the magnetic sensor. Motor assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that it further comprises a stator and a permanent magnet rotor, wherein the bidirectional AC switch controls the operating state of the motor, controlling a conductive state of the stator in response. to the first state and the second state, respectively, such that the stator operates in a manner consistent with a magnetic position of the permanent magnet rotor relative to the stator to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate in a predetermined direction. An integrated circuit, characterized in that it comprises: an input port and an output port, wherein the input port is to be connected to an external alternating current (AC) power supply; and an electrical circuit comprising: an output control circuit coupled to the output port and configured to be at least responsive to a signal detected to control the integrated circuit to operate in at least one of a first state and a second state, in that in the first state, a load current flows in a first direction from the output port to the outside of the integrated circuit, in the second state a load current flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction from the outside of the circuit integrated to the integrated circuit through an output port, and the operating frequency of the integrated circuit is positively proportional to the frequency of the external AC power supply.