BR102015025223B1 - ROLLERS FOR SEPARATOR TABLES AND PELLET CONVEYORS - Google Patents
ROLLERS FOR SEPARATOR TABLES AND PELLET CONVEYORS Download PDFInfo
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- BR102015025223B1 BR102015025223B1 BR102015025223-4A BR102015025223A BR102015025223B1 BR 102015025223 B1 BR102015025223 B1 BR 102015025223B1 BR 102015025223 A BR102015025223 A BR 102015025223A BR 102015025223 B1 BR102015025223 B1 BR 102015025223B1
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- Prior art keywords
- pellet
- rollers
- external
- conveyors
- cylindrical
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
- B07B13/075—Apparatus comprising moving article - receiving openings, the size of which varies as they move
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
- B07B13/05—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size using material mover cooperating with retainer, deflector or discharger
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
- B07B13/07—Apparatus in which aggregates or articles are moved along or past openings which increase in size in the direction of movement
- B07B13/072—Apparatus in which aggregates or articles are moved along or past openings which increase in size in the direction of movement the openings being rollers with a divergent axis and the material moving substantially along the rollers axis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
rolos para mesas separadoras e transportadoras de pelotas rolos para mesas separadoras e transportadoras de pelotas o objeto da presente patente possui uma estrutura externa (2) cilíndrica de alumínio, onde se obtém a estruturação da peça pela inclusão de um núcleo central (3) concêntrico à estrutura externa (2) cilíndrica, contendo preferentemente seis raios (3a), podendo, entretanto, ser em outros números e dimensões adequadas para assegurar a máxima redução de peso e, ao mesmo tempo, a máxima resistência à flexão, apresentando perfis variados. com essa concepção, obtém-se também a redução do material pela simultânea presença de espaços vazios (4) entre a estrutura externa (2) e o núcleo central (3) e ainda um espaço central (5) circular, concêntrico com a circunferência formada pelo diâmetro externo. ainda na figura 1 é mostrado, de forma exagerada, o revestimento superficial (4) em carbeto de tungstênio/cromo. a figura 2 apresenta uma variante construtiva do objeto desta patente, simplificada para perfis que não sofram esforços tão significativos quanto aqueles suportados pelo exemplo da realização preferida ilustrada na figura 1. a figura 2 ilustra uma estrutura externa (2a) cilíndrica de alumínio que foi projetada possuindo um maior volume de material e estruturada por uma cruzeta (7), de forma que a quantidade de material utilizado em sua construção é significativamente menor que a representada da figura 1.rollers for separating tables and pellet conveyors rollers for separating tables and pellet conveyors the object of the present patent has an external (2) cylindrical aluminum structure, where the structuring of the piece is obtained by the inclusion of a central core (3) concentric to the external structure (2) cylindrical, preferably containing six spokes (3a), but may, however, be in other numbers and dimensions suitable to ensure maximum weight reduction and, at the same time, maximum resistance to bending, presenting varied profiles. with this conception, the material reduction is also obtained by the simultaneous presence of empty spaces (4) between the external structure (2) and the central core (3) and also a central space (5) circular, concentric with the formed circumference by the outside diameter. still in figure 1 is shown, in an exaggerated way, the surface coating (4) in tungsten carbide/chromium. Figure 2 shows a constructive variant of the object of this patent, simplified for profiles that do not suffer as significant efforts as those supported by the example of the preferred embodiment illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 2 illustrates an external (2a) cylindrical aluminum structure that was designed having a greater volume of material and structured by a crosshead (7), so that the amount of material used in its construction is significantly lower than that represented in figure 1.
Description
[001] Transporte e separação granulométrica de pelotas de minérios por rolos em mesas de pelotizações.[001] Transport and granulometric separation of ore pellets by rollers on pelletizing tables.
[002] A pelotização é um processo industrial de altíssima importância econômica:- é o elo entre a mineração e as metalúrgicas de transformação.[002] Pelletizing is an industrial process of very high economic importance:- it is the link between mining and transformation metallurgy.
[003] Nesta Patente nos referimos especificamente ao caso de mineração de ferro e siderurgia embora os princípios aqui citados se apliquem amplamente.[003] In this Patent we refer specifically to the case of iron mining and steel, although the principles cited herein apply broadly.
[004] A mineração, na sua exploração dos jazimentos minerais produz finos, os quais, até cerca de 50 anos eram simplesmente guardados nos entornos das minas e se consistiam em perdas de produtividade, custo de manutenção de represas de decantação e pilhas, poluição e alto risco de acidentes ambientais de custos incalculáveis, com perdas de vidas, contaminação de mananciais etc.[004] Mining, in its exploration of mineral deposits, produces fines, which, until about 50 years were simply stored in the surroundings of the mines and consisted of productivity losses, maintenance cost of settling dams and piles, pollution and high risk of environmental accidents with incalculable costs, with loss of life, contamination of water sources, etc.
[005] A tecnologia de desenvolvimento de pelotas significou uma grande transformação deste panorama, pois, os finos, devidamente processados - isto é, despojados de grandes teores de sílica, aglomerados por processos úmidos e curados termicamente - dão origem a pelotas de rigorosos padrões técnicos, inclusive granulométricos, altos teores de ferro e são altamente produtivas em altos fornos - praticamente substituíram os minérios simplesmente britados nos altos fornos.[005] The technology of development of pellets meant a major transformation of this scenario, as the fines, properly processed - that is, stripped of large silica contents, agglomerated by wet processes and thermally cured - give rise to pellets with strict technical standards , including granulometric, high iron contents and are highly productive in blast furnaces - they practically replaced ores simply crushed in blast furnaces.
[006] Além disto, as pelotas são a commodity por excelência nos mercados internacionais, onde o preço é formado por um leque de variáveis, como distância das minas aos consumidores etc e, nestes mercados, altos índices de produtividade determinam até a viabilidade ou não de grandes empreendimentos.[006] In addition, pellets are the commodity par excellence in international markets, where the price is formed by a range of variables, such as distance from mines to consumers, etc. and, in these markets, high productivity rates even determine the feasibility or not of large projects.
[007] Assim, todos os passos das plantas de pelotização têm que ter seus custos monitorados e incessantemente diminuídos, como no caso dos rolos das mesas classificadoras de pelotas, das plantas de pelotização.[007] Thus, all the steps of the pelletizing plants have to have their costs monitored and incessantly reduced, as in the case of the rolls of the pellet sorting tables, of the pelletizing plants.
[008] As pelotas são altamente abrasivas; assim, rapidamente os rolos vão tendo seus diâmetros reduzidos e, consequentemente suas velocidades tangenciais diminuem, a distância entre eles altera a granulometria dos produtos e a mesa começa a perder a produtividade, o material se acumulando sobre ela, o que causa grandes problemas nas etapas seguintes do processo.[008] Pellets are highly abrasive; thus, the rollers quickly have their diameters reduced and, consequently, their tangential speeds decrease, the distance between them changes the granulometry of the products and the table starts to lose productivity, the material accumulating on it, which causes major problems in the steps following of the process.
[009] Os riscos de se executar o trabalho de limpeza com pás são grandes, tanto sob o ponto de vista da ocorrência de dano aos equipamentos, como de provocar acidentes de trabalho.[009] The risks of performing the cleaning work with shovels are great, both from the point of view of the occurrence of damage to the equipment, as well as of causing work accidents.
[010] A capacidade de se regular a distância entre os rolos é limitada e a linha deve ser parada para que um ou mais rolos sejam trocados, com custos de manutenção, materiais e perda de produção.[010] The ability to regulate the distance between the rolls is limited and the line must be stopped so that one or more rolls are changed, with maintenance costs, materials and loss of production.
[011] Assim, a durabilidade dos rolos é um fator importantíssimo na produtividade e na segurança do trabalho, que transcende o alto custo de cada um, que nas plantas economicamente planejadas, chega a cerca de US$4,000.00, para um rolo de 3.764 milímetros de comprimento, por 94 milímetros de diâmetro.[011] Thus, the durability of the rolls is a very important factor in productivity and work safety, which transcends the high cost of each one, which in economically planned plants, reaches around US$4,000.00, for a roll of 3,764 millimeters of length, by 94mm in diameter.
[012] Estes rolos, no atual Estado da Técnica, são feitos de um tubo de aço inoxidável de medidas compatíveis para que, além de terem resistência mecânica, terem resistência à oxidação, uma vez que as pelotas estão úmidas no momento que passam pela classificação, entretanto oferecem pouca resistência à abrasão.[012] These rollers, in the current State of the Art, are made of a stainless steel tube of compatible measures so that, in addition to having mechanical strength, they also have resistance to oxidation, since the pellets are wet when they pass through the classification , however they offer little resistance to abrasion.
[013] Como foi apresentada acima, a durabilidade dos rolos classificadores de pelotas é elemento chave da produtividade; a baixa duração dos mesmos implica em paradas da linha, perda de produção e produtividade, custos de materiais e manutenção, além de riscos agudos à Segurança do Trabalho e riscos de problemas cumulativos de saúde, pois os rolos com as dimensões apontadas pesam por volta de 120 kg e não podem ser movimentados por apenas dois ou três operadores, pois, além de muito pesados, são altamente não ergonômicos. AVANÇOS AO ESTADO DA TÉCNICA Vantagens apresentadas pelo objeto da presente patente: Diminuição de peso de rolos classificadores de pelotas; Aumento da vida útil dos mancais e redutores da mesa classificadora; Aumento da vida útil e economia em montagem e manutenção de rolos classificadores de pelotas em pelotizações; Ergonomia e Segurança do Trabalho em montagem e manutenção de rolos classificadores de pelotas; Aumento de produtividade em rolos classificadores de pelotas em plantas de pelotização; Preservação ambiental por construção de rolos classificadores de pelotas em materiais facilmente separáveis e totalmente recicláveis.[013] As presented above, the durability of pellet classifier rolls is a key element of productivity; their short duration implies line stoppages, loss of production and productivity, material and maintenance costs, in addition to acute risks to Occupational Safety and risks of cumulative health problems, as the rollers with the dimensions indicated weigh around 120 kg and cannot be handled by just two or three operators, as, in addition to being very heavy, they are highly non-ergonomic. ADVANCES TO THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Advantages presented by the object of this patent: Reduction in weight of pellet classifier rolls; Increased useful life of classifier table bearings and reducers; Increased useful life and savings in assembly and maintenance of pellet classifier rolls in pellets; Ergonomics and Work Safety in the assembly and maintenance of pellet classifier rolls; Increased productivity in pellet classifier rolls in pellet plants; Environmental preservation through construction of pellet classifier rollers in easily separable and fully recyclable materials.
[014] Os ROLOS PARA MESAS SEPARADORAS E TRANSPORTADORAS DE PELOTAS, objeto desta Patente, fazem avançar o Estado da Técnica pelas seguintes razões:-[014] ROLLS FOR SEPARATOR TABLES AND PELL TRANSPORTERS, object of this Patent, advance the State of the Technique for the following reasons:-
[015] 1 - Aumento do tempo de vida útil dos rolos com a consequente diminuição dos custos em materiais, custos com manutenção e do tempo de paradas nas linhas de pelotização, pois, o revestimento com Carbeto de Tungstênio/Cromo apresenta ótima adesão e permanência sobre o alumínio; além disto, a superfície endurecida dos rolos classificadores objeto desta patente mantém a rugosidade adequada para efetuar suas funções por mais longo tempo, pois a presença do revestimento endurecedor não pode ter rugosidade excessiva e nem perder a rugosidade, sob pena de não transportar adequadamente as pelotas colocadas sobre eles;[015] 1 - Increase in the useful life of the rolls with the consequent reduction in material costs, maintenance costs and downtime in the pelletizing lines, as the coating with Tungsten Carbide/Chrome has excellent adhesion and permanence about aluminum; in addition, the hardened surface of the classifier rollers object of this patent maintains the adequate roughness to perform its functions for a longer time, as the presence of the hardening coating cannot have excessive roughness or lose roughness, otherwise it will not properly transport the pellets placed on them;
[016] 2 - Diminuição de 50% do peso de cada rolo, pois, o objeto desta Patente é fabricado em alumínio estruturado, por extrusão, fundição ou por qualquer outro método adequado, em substituição ao aço inoxidável, apresentando a mesma resistência às deformações e a exequibilidade de montagem e manutenção por apenas dois operadores;[016] 2 - Reduction of 50% of the weight of each roll, as the object of this Patent is manufactured in structured aluminum, by extrusion, casting or by any other suitable method, replacing stainless steel, presenting the same resistance to deformation and the feasibility of assembly and maintenance by only two operators;
[017] 3 - Proteção ambiental, pois, o alumínio e o Carbeto de Tungstènio/Cromo do revestimento para maior dureza superficial são facilmente e inteiramente separáveis na reciclagem do material por fusão, pois o alumínio funde em temperatura muito inferior a do Carbetos do revestimento endurecedor.[017] 3 - Environmental protection, as aluminum and Tungsten Carbide/Chrome coating for greater surface hardness are easily and entirely separable in material recycling by melting, as aluminum melts at a much lower temperature than the coating Carbide hardener.
[018] A Figura 1 é um corte transversal, esquemático, de um exemplar dos ROLOS PARA MESAS SEPARADORAS E TRANSPORTADORAS DE PELOTAS (1), nela vemos a estrutura externa (2) cilíndrica de alumínio, onde se obtém a estruturação da peça pela inclusão de um núcleo centra! (3) concêntrico à estrutura externa (2) cilíndrica, contendo preferentemente seis raios (3A), podendo, entretanto, ser em outros números e dimensões adequadas para assegurar a máxima redução de peso e, ao mesmo tempo, a máxima resistência à flexão, apresentando perfis variados.[018] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of an example of ROLLS FOR SEPARATOR TABLES AND PELLET CONVEYORS (1), in it we see the external structure (2) cylindrical aluminum, where the structuring of the part is obtained by inclusion of a central core! (3) concentric to the external structure (2) cylindrical, preferably containing six spokes (3A), but may, however, be in other numbers and dimensions suitable to ensure maximum weight reduction and, at the same time, maximum resistance to bending, featuring varied profiles.
[019] Com essa concepção, obtém-se também a redução do material pela simultânea presença de espaços vazios (4) entre a estrutura externa (2) e o núcleo central (3) e ainda um espaço central (5) circular, concêntrico com a circunferência formada pelo diâmetro externo.[019] With this design, the material reduction is also obtained by the simultaneous presence of empty spaces (4) between the external structure (2) and the central core (3) and also a central space (5) circular, concentric with the circumference formed by the outer diameter.
[020] Ainda na Figura 1 é mostrado, de forma exagerada, o revestimento superficial (4) em Carbeto de Tungstênio/Cromo.[020] Still in Figure 1 is shown, in an exaggerated way, the surface coating (4) in Tungsten Carbide/Chrome.
[021] A Figura 2 apresenta uma variante construtiva do objeto desta Patente, simplificada para perfis que não sofram esforços tão significativos quanto aqueles suportados pelo exemplo da realização preferida ilustrada na Figura 1.[021] Figure 2 presents a constructive variant of the object of this Patent, simplified for profiles that do not suffer as significant efforts as those supported by the example of the preferred embodiment illustrated in Figure 1.
[022] A Figura 2 ilustra uma estrutura externa (2A) cilíndrica de alumínio que foi projetada possuindo um maior volume de material e estruturada por uma cruzeta (7), de forma que a quantidade de material utilizado em sua construção é significativamente menor que a representada da Figura 1.[022] Figure 2 illustrates an external structure (2A) cylindrical aluminum that was designed having a greater volume of material and structured by a crosshead (7), so that the amount of material used in its construction is significantly less than the represented in Figure 1.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
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BR102015025223-4A BR102015025223B1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | ROLLERS FOR SEPARATOR TABLES AND PELLET CONVEYORS |
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