BR102014007763A2 - improvement in reactor to reduce organic food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

improvement in reactor to reduce organic food waste. The present summary relates to a reactor patent pertaining to the field of waste processing and disposal, mainly organic food waste, which has been refined with respect to the like and comprised of: reaction chamber (1); by heating system (10); by recirculating circuit (20), which has interleaved: steam filter (30); capacitor (40); flow generator fan (50); and metal catalyst and heater (60), the latter deriving the return (21) to the reaction chamber (1); said recirculating circuit (20) further comprising: condensed water reservoir (70); motorcycle pump set (71); condensed water recirculation circuit (72); and condensed water disposal circuit (73); said heating system (10) comprised of an electrical resistive assembly (10), composed of electrical contact resistors, which are in direct contact with the reaction chamber wall (11) (1) or the microwave system internal to the reaction chamber (1) or biomass burning system and the condenser (40) is mounted next to the other components or a remote unit.

Description

“Improving Reactor for Reduction of Organic Food Waste” [001], This descriptive report refers to an invention patent for reactor for reduction of organic food, pertaining to the field of processing and final disposal of waste, especially food waste. organic and has been refined to provide simpler construction and operation and lower cost compared to usual similar equipment.

[002] The food production chain, from the production centers, such as farms, farms, the fishing industry and others, passing through the food industry in general, reaching the final preparation and consumption places, such as commercial, industrial restaurants, Hospitals, schools and others and even homes themselves generate organic food waste, which together can represent large quantities, which is desirable to be reused or that when simply disposed of, it is done so as not to harm the environment.

[003] Thus, in a final disposal of these wastes to simply not harm the environment, they can, for example, be incinerated or disposed of in landfills, which causes enormous environmental disruption. When it is possible to reuse this waste, it is possible that they already undergo composting processes, which, however, have the disadvantage that they are relatively slow and particularly in urban centers depend on relatively complicated logistics, as it involves waste separation, collection service and other procedures until they reach the processing or disposal center.

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[004] Thus, a consensus has been formed that the ideal is that these wastes, particularly when in feasible quantities and in urban centers, can be processed directly in the places where they are generated and leave them already in a form that can be useful or that can be disposed of. simply discarded, do not be aggressive to the environment.

[005] To meet this need, there is already known a reactor equipment for decomposition of food waste by thermal reduction, consisting essentially: reaction chamber, which mixes and heats organic food waste to extract its moisture and continues to heat the waste and the steam released from it; and by a recirculating circuit that derives and returns to that of the reaction chamber and which has a vapor filter interleaved; condenser that condenses water suspended in steam; flow generator fan; and metal catalyst and steam disinfectant heater, from which there is the return to the reaction chamber; and the recirculation circuit comprises steam condensate reservoir and suitable recirculation and disposal circuits; said circuit captures the vapor of the reaction chamber; filter it out; condenses the water incorporated therein and stores it in the condensate reservoir; disinfect the steam and return it to the reaction chamber; and promotes recirculation of part of the precipitated water as needed and discards or makes the remaining water available for other uses.

[006] The final product obtained from this equipment is a powdered compost useful, for example, as fertilizer or animal feed.

[007] Such equipment therefore processes organic food waste at the place where it is produced, thus dispensing with transport between it and a processing site.

[008] Although this equipment lends itself to its purpose, its practical construction has some drawbacks.

[009] In fact, in the practical construction of this equipment, the reaction chamber is heated with thermal fluid. This requires the equipment to consist of: reaction chamber; by chamber external to the reaction chamber; heat transfer contact plate between the reaction chamber and the outer chamber; by shielded electrical resistances; and thermal fluid, internal to the outer chamber.

[010]. These features result in relatively complex construction and fabrication. It requires relatively large material consumption (steel sheets) and labor. It results in a large volume for the equipment, which requires correspondingly large space, which can complicate installation at the point of use. Usual construction can also cause operating difficulties as it requires maintenance to, for example, change the thermal fluid. Another drawback is that it requires the thermal fluid to be heated at startup, which requires electricity consumption, standby time and consequently higher operating costs.

[011]. Thus, the purpose of the present invention is to provide equipment which overcomes the difficulties observed in the practical construction of the usual equipment described above.

[012] Another objective is to provide efficient and simple-to-operate equipment.

[013] Another objective is to provide equipment that has lower manufacturing, procurement, operation and maintenance costs relative to the usual solution.

[014]. Therefore, in view of the above aspects and objectives and in order to meet them, the improvement in reactor to reduce organic food waste was developed, object of the present patent, which is comprised substantially: by reaction chamber; and by circuit that drifts and returns to the reaction chamber and has interspersed: vapor filter; condenser; flow generator fan; and metal catalyst and heater, which return to the reaction chamber; said circuit further having a condensed water reservoir; recirculating circuit of part of the condensed water connected to it and to appropriate parts of the equipment and disposal circuit derived from the condensed water reservoir, and in the present equipment, instead of the reaction chamber heating system being through thermal fluid According to the usual construction, said reaction chamber heating system is preferably comprised of an electrical resistive assembly which is in direct contact with the reaction chamber wall.

[015]. Optionally, said heating system may be composed of other solutions, for example, a solution internal to the reaction chamber comprising microwave heating system or use of biomass burning (pellets or briquettes) or the like.

[016]. Another improvement introduced in the present equipment is the fact that the capacitor can be separated and can be installed remotely (up to 3m apart as a split system).

[017]. These improvements overcome the drawbacks noted above with the usual construction of such equipment and provide other advantages. In fact, the proposed constructions, particularly those using resistive systems in contact with the reaction chamber wall, simplify construction and fabrication, reduce the consumption of materials and labor, thus resulting in lower cost for the equipment.

[018]. Also, the operation of this equipment is simpler and less expensive than the usual equipment, since it does not require periodic thermal fluid exchange operations and consequently the operation shutdown and the use of resistive system, as stated in this equipment, may even decrease the electrical consumption of the equipment.

[019]. Another important aspect is that the non-use of the external thermal fluid storage chamber decreases the volume of the equipment which, associated with the possibility of using the condenser as a remote unit, greatly facilitates the installation at the place of use.

[020]. The accompanying drawings refer to the improvement in reactor for reducing organic food waste, which is the subject of the present patent, in which, by way of illustration and not limitation: [021]. fig. 1 shows a schematic of the equipment;

[022]. fig. 2 shows a diagram of the equipment and the indication of operation; and [023] FIG. 3 shows a scheme of the reaction chamber with an optional internal heating system.

[024]. As illustrated in the above figures and provided for in the invention, the reactor, object of the present invention, is intended to perform thermal reduction of any organic food residues generated anywhere in the food production chain, from the producing centers, such as farms, farms, fishing industry and others, passing through the food industry in general, reaching the final preparation and consumption places, such as commercial, industrial, hospital, school, snack bars, food courts and others, and even the residences themselves.

[025]. Thus, the present reactor is comprised essentially of: reaction chamber 1 for thermal reduction of the organic food waste, which receives them and which has lid 2 and houses set of mixing paddles 3, moved by motor set 4; said reaction chamber 1 is further associated with heating system 10 which heats organic food waste for moisture removal, which continues to heat it until vapor formation is recirculated in recirculating loop 20 and which continues to heat food waste until obtaining highly dehydrated powder residue.

[026]. The recirculation circuit 20, which drifts and returns to reaction chamber 1, has interspersed: steam filter 30; condenser 40; flow generator fan 50; and metal catalyst and heater 60, the latter deriving return 21 to reaction chamber 1; said recirculating circuit 20 is further comprised of: condensed water reservoir 70; motor pump assembly 71, with inlet connected to reservoir 70, condensate water recirculation circuit 72 derived from the pump and connected to appropriate parts of the equipment such as reaction chamber, filter washer and others, and disposal circuit 73 derived from the reservoir. condensed water 70 and providing part of the precipitated water from food waste.

[027]. In the present embodiment, and this being the main object of the present invention, the heating system 10 of the reaction chamber 1, instead of being of a type that uses thermal fluid and heating resistors, as occurs in usual construction, said heating system 10 preferably comprised of an electrical resistive assembly 10, composed of electrical contact resistors, which are in direct contact with wall 11 of reaction chamber 1, which wall acts as a thermal transfer contact plate; Said electrical contact resistors 10 are supplied with power by an appropriate electrical circuit (not shown).

[028]. The electrical contact resistors 10 are preferably the so-called ceramic resistors, comprising: tubular resistance; by ceramic body (tile) that encapsulates the resistance; and by electrical connection terminals derived from resistance and projected out of ceramics.

[029]. The equipment also includes power supply circuit, safety, supervision and control, which supplies the active devices of the equipment, such as electric motor, flow fan, water pump, set of electrical contact resistors and others. The reactor also has safety devices with: electric switches, pneumatic valves, registers and other suitable. The equipment also provides a panel with means of interfacing with an operator, such as a pushbutton, signal lamps and display. All parts of the equipment are assembled and housed in a suitable housing (not shown).

[030]. The equipment in operation receives organic food residues “R” in the reaction chamber 1 (fig. 2), where they are overturned by the mixer set 3 and heated by the contact resistor set 10 to a suitable temperature to remove moisture from the residue. “R” and continue to heat the moisture until vapor “V” is recirculated in the recirculation circuit 20 and continue to heat the heated “R” residues until highly dehydrated powder residues within the reaction chamber 1.

[031]. By action of the fan 50, interspersed in the recirculation circuit 20, the vapor "V" exits the reaction chamber 1, passes through the filter 30 where the impurities are retained. Steam "V" passes through condenser 40, where moisture suspended therein is condensed and precipitated water is collected in reservoir 70. Steam passes through heating catalyst 60 where it is processed at the appropriate temperature for disinfection and returns to the reaction chamber. 1.

[032]. Part of the precipitated water collected in reservoir 70 is recirculated to suitable equipment locations, such as reaction chamber 1, where necessary, filter and other cleaning equipment, and part is disposed of or made available for other uses.

[033]. Within the basic construction described above, it is claimed that the reactor, object of the present patent, may present modifications of construction, manufacture, materials, dimensions, process steps and others, without departing from the requested scope of protection.

[034]. Inside, optionally, the heating system 10 may be composed of other solutions, for example, a solution internal to the reaction chamber 1, comprising a microwave heating system 10 '(fig.3) acting directly on the food residues, providing about 25 to 35% reduction in processing time over the usual solution with thermal fluid and resistance.

[035]. Optionally, the reactor can be heating system using biomass burning (pellets or briquettes) or others.

[036]. In another embodiment, instead of the capacitor 40 being incorporated into the equipment as described above, said capacitor can be separated and can be remotely installed (up to 3m apart, as a 'Split' 'system).

[037]. This is a particularly suitable solution for those situations where the space is relatively small to receive the equipment, particularly its reaction chamber, and there are free adjacent spaces.

[038]. The reactor may incorporate other devices, such as activated carbon filter, for effluents, liquids, water, waste, steam disinfector disposed upstream of the condenser and others.

[039]. The equipment can be developed to have different capacities, from 2.0 kg up to 1,500.0 kg aiming to meet demands from domestic to industrial, where there are large waste productions.

Claims

Claims (6)

1) - “REACTOR IMPROVEMENT FOR REDUCING ORGANIC FOOD WASTE”, comprising: reaction chamber (1), which has lid (2) and houses set of mixing paddles (3); by heating system (10) associated with the reaction chamber (1); by recirculation circuit (20), which drifts and returns to the reaction chamber (1) and has interspersed: steam filter (30); capacitor (40); flow generator fan (50); and metal catalyst and heater (60), the latter deriving the return (21) to the reaction chamber (1); said recirculating circuit (20) further comprising: condensed water reservoir (70); motorcycle pump set (71); condensed water recirculation circuit (72); and a condensed water discharge circuit (73), characterized by a heating system (10) comprised of an electrical resistive assembly (10), consisting of electrical contact resistors, which are in direct contact with the reaction chamber wall (11) ( 1), which acts as thermal transfer contact plate. 2) - "REACTOR IMPROVEMENT FOR REDUCING ORGANIC FOOD WASTE" according to claim 1, characterized by the electric heating system (10) ber formed by ceramic resistances, comprising: by tubular resistance; by ceramic body (tile) that encapsulates the resistance; and by electrical connection bores derived from resistance and designed out of ceramics. 3) - "Reactor improvement for the reduction of organic food waste" according to claim 1, characterized by a heating system (10) internal to the reaction chamber (1). 4}> - "REATOR IMPROVEMENT FOR REDUCING ORGANIC FOOD WASTE" according to Claim 3, characterized by a heating system (10) internal to the reaction chamber (1), comprising a microwave heating system ( 10) 'which acts directly on food waste. 5) Reactor improvement for organic food waste reduction according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized by a compact unit in which the condenser (40) is mounted next to the other components of the equipment or unit. -compact, with capacitor (40) 'mounted in a remote position. 6) - "Reactor improvement for the reduction of organic food waste" according to claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized by a biomass burning heating system (pellets or briquettes). I