BR102013001813A2 - VASE OF LONG-FIBER SISAL AND PROCESS PLANTS FOR THE SAME PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

LONG SISAL FIBER PLANTS POT AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME The present invention consists in the use of long sisal fibers (Agave silsalana), also known as agave, pita and / or sisal-agave, for the production of ornamental vases , as well as describing the production process of said vessel, which is carried out by impregnating the sisal fibers with thermosetting resins and / or adhesives, mixed with their respective curing agents and finishing additives. These fibers, resins or adhesives and respective additives are subsequently shaped in the final design of the vase, by pressing in a cold or hot press, and can be used as an organic medium for adaptation, growth, fixation and / or maintenance of ornamental plants of different species. Said pot, produced from the developed process, has characteristics suitable for this application, such as, for example, excellent retention of nutrients after each fertilization process, it is free of toxic compounds and / or substances that can be harmful to plants, it allows a good aeration of the roots, retains water in an adequate amount for the growth of the plant, allows the firm support of the plant, and, in addition, has a useful life over five years.

Description

VASE OF LONG-FIBER SISAL AND PROCESS PLANTS FOR

SAME PRODUCTION

Field of the Invention This invention relates to the process of producing ornamental vessels made from long sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers, also known as agave, pita and / or sisal-agave, by impregnating Sisal fibers with thermosetting resins and adhesives can be used as organic medium for growth, fixation, adaptation and maintenance of ornamental plants of different species, gardening, agronomic engineering and different environmental areas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Until 2000, the fern (Dicksonia sellowiana), popularly known as the imperial fern, the fern, the fern or the howler fern, belonging to the Pteridophyta division and the Cyatheaceae family, was widely used in Brazil for cultivation. of ornamental and gardening plants. However, due to environmental problems, such as extinction of the species, this plant is no longer used as an organic medium for growth of other plant species. Xaxim has a wide distribution in Latin America, occurring from southeastern Mexico to Uruguay, through Venezuela, Colombia, Paraguay and Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) [FERNANDES, I. - Taxonomy and phytogeography of Cyatheaceas and Dicksoniaceae in southern and southeastern Brazil. - University of São Paulo, 1997]. The species is botanically classified as an arborescent fetus, with a generally erect stem, reaching up to 10 meters in height, with dense trichomes and many adventitious roots that occur from the base up to the apex (caudice), up to 1 meter in diameter. bi-pinnate leaves from 1 to 5 meters are inserted [SEHNEM, A. - Ciateáceas - Illustrated Flora Catarinense, 1978].

Due to the environmental impacts caused by the large use of xaxim as an organic medium for growth of plants of different species, in 2001, the National Environment Council (CONAMA), through Resolution No. 278, determined the prohibition of cutting and exploitation of species. endangered species in natural populations of the Atlantic Forest biome, considering the critical situation of endangered flora species aggravated by the intense fragmentation of the biome. Subsequently, in October 2002, the extraction of fax was prohibited by law No. 13,442, which provides for the industrialization and marketing of vases, cuttings and plates from the fern in the city of São Paulo. It is important to highlight that this measure was applied in other states of the country, thus leading to the abandonment of the use of xaxim for these applications, ie, its use as a pot, cuttings and / or plates as a means to favor growth and accommodate plants of different species.

Thus, given the scenario that compels the ban on the use of xaxim as a raw material for making ornamental plant pots, there was therefore a need to use new materials for this purpose. Among the most commonly used substitute materials are charcoal, pine bark, pine knot, peroba bark, açai kernel, defibrated coconut, pressed coconut fiber, cashew bark. and also ceramic materials such as slate, clay pots, gravel and dolomite. However, despite the large number of materials that can be used as raw materials to obtain pots for growing and adapting ornamental plants of different species, the use of these materials has several disadvantages when compared to the use of sisal fiber as raw material. , object of this patent document. The differential of the sisal pot is mainly in its organic properties and characteristics suitable for this application, such as the excellent nutrient retention after each fertilization process, being free of toxic compounds and / or substances that may be harmful to plants, allow good root aeration, retain water in the proper amount for plant growth, thus avoiding root soaking, contributes to maintaining a balanced pH, allows the plant to be firmly supported, and in addition has a service life exceeding five years. The sisal (Agave sisalana), also known as agave, pita and / or sisal-agave, is a plant originated from Mexico, part of the Agavaceae family, and only from the late 1930s onwards. economic alternative. In Brazil, the plant was introduced in the states of Paraíba, Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte, due to favorable climatic conditions, since the sisal is a semixerophilous plant that requires warm climate and great light, and, in addition, adapts well in semiarid regions, as it is highly resistant to prolonged droughts, presenting peculiar defense structures against arid conditions, such as camosa leaves, reduced number of stomata and strongly cutinized epidermis [ALVES, MO; SANTIAGO, E. G. - Technology and social relations of production in the northeastern sisal sector - Brazilian Society of Rural Economy and Sociology, 2005].

Sisal leaves produce a highly resistant fiber that has been used to produce different types of handcrafted products, brooms, bags, purses, hats, twines, ropes, mats and rugs, as well as being used to manufacture pulp for production of Kraft paper, considered as a high strength paper, and other types of thin paper for cigarettes, filters, dielectric paper, sanitary napkin, diapers, among others. In addition to these applications, the fibers can also be used in the automotive, furniture, home appliances, geotextiles (slope protection, agriculture and road surface), polypropylene blending, and fiberglass (object composition). plastics) and civil construction [IDR-SISAL - Institute for Development of the Sisal Region - 2009]. It is important to highlight that sisal (Agave Sisalana) is the main source of hard vegetable fibers in the world and, among other advantages of fiber, its ease of surface modification is pointed out. The plant has a fibrous root system, however, it can be found horizontally developed roots with length of 1.5 to 3 meters. The daytime temperature suitable for the good development of the crop is around 20 to 28 ° C, but nights with mild temperatures, typical of the sisal region of Bahia, favor the absorption of water by the plant, through the dew that falls during this shift. The plant is well suited to regions of Bahia where rainfall does not exceed 400 millimeters per year. Regarding the soil, sisal is cultivated in different types of soils found in the Bahian semiarid, being mostly of low fertility [ANDRADE, R .; ORNELAS, J .; BRANDÃO, W. - Current situation of sisal in Bahia and its new possibilities of use and utilization - Communication SEAGRI, 2012]. Sisal is planted using shoots that are born at the base of the mother plant or through the bulbs emitted by the plant when it reaches the end of its life cycle. After planting, the sisal takes approximately three years to be harvested for the first time, with leaves ranging from 90 to 120 centimeters in length. After the first harvest, the other harvests are performed annually. Harvesting of sisal leaves is usually performed manually using knives for the cutting process. After collection, the sisal leaves are submitted to the defibration process, where the green part of the leaf is removed, leaving only the fiber in high humidity. After defibration, the wet fibers are submitted to the uniform drying process, where they are extended on clotheslines, remaining in sunlight for a period of 72 hours. After the drying process, the fiber must have humidity between 10 and 13%, which is one of the parameters evaluated at the time of purchase of sisal for processing, and these, in turn, are classified according to size and quality, and in The impurities adhered to the fibers are then removed, leaving them looking shiny using an equipment known as a mixer. After this stage, the fibers are wrapped in bales of approximately 250 kilograms, identified according to the norms of the Ministry of Agriculture and Supply (MAPA) [ANDRADE, R .; ORNELAS, J .; BRANDÃO, W. - Current situation of sisal in Bahia and its new possibilities of use and utilization - Communication SEAGR1,2012].

Despite its importance, the performance of this crop in the country, in recent years, has been suffering a decline in planted area and productivity, being the main factors responsible for this reduction linked directly to the low value paid by fiber, competition with synthetic yarns, the high cost of production, the lack of modern harvesting machines, long drought periods and, above all, the fact that only 3 to 4% of the total plant is used, referring to the fiber portion [SILVA, ORRF; COUTINHO, W. M. - Cultivation of sisal - Production Systems, 2006]. Even in the face of these difficulties, it is necessary to realize that sisal remains one of the few economic options for the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil and hardly any other crop could be more economically profitable and more advantageous for the area in question, so it is essential to ensure its sustainability. continuity, carry out studies and works capable of stimulating expansion and promoting technological progress.

Thus, in this context, that is, in view of the great possibilities of applications of fibers originating from Sisal (Agave sisalana), and Brazil being a country that occupies a prominent position in the production of this fiber, the present patent document has The main objective is to describe the process of producing and obtaining ornamental vessels based on long sisal fibers, which have excellent water retention characteristics in adequate quantities for the growth of different plant species, allowing the proper retention of nutrients after each process. fertilizer, is free of toxic compounds and / or substances that can be harmful to plants, allows a good aeration of the roots, as well as has a low production cost and can thus be used as a raw material for the production of a medium. organic, that is, said pot, for growth, adaptation and maintenance of ornamental plants of different species, gardening, agronomic engineering and different environmental areas, among others, and can be used in direct contact with the plant, and / or other materials. Related Art From the analysis of the specialized technical literature, only one patent document is disclosed that relates to the production of a type of ornamental vase, which is made from sisal fibers. The patent document in question, of Brazilian origin BR8602062-5, reports the use of a composite consisting of shredded or crushed sisal fiber, latex and aggregates mixed by extrusion or calendering processes. The result of this operation is to obtain a flexible plate which is subsequently placed into a mold to achieve final shape and consistency through vibration or pressing. Therefore, it is important to note that this disclosed invention of said plant pot obtained from long sisal fibers disclosed in this patent document differs in different respects from the technology described in the cited document (BR8602062-5), therefore considered as state of the art, however, not relevant as limiting the criteria of novelty and inventive activity for the new technology described and disclosed herein.

For a better understanding of the existing differences with respect to said ornamental plant pot, reported in this patent document, and the pot made and described in patent document BR8602062-5, in this step the differences are described in detail.

Firstly, it is noted that said sisal fiber vessel reported in the present invention makes use of the long sisal fiber, which should have a size of 15 to 120 centimeters. It is not necessary for the fiber to be minced or crushed, but applied in the process of obtaining the blanket-shaped vessel, where the fibers are arranged in an oriented and slightly needled manner. It is important to emphasize that this aspect is extremely advantageous, considering that the long fiber has many points of intersection, thus causing a much higher mechanical resistance than the chopped fibers. Thus, it is emphasized that the process of chipping and grinding of sisal fibers is characterized as fundamental steps for obtaining the vessel in patent document BR8602062-5.

Further, it is also noted that, unlike the technology disclosed in patent document BR8602062-5, the invention disclosed herein preferably makes use of thermoset unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins or phenolic resins or mixtures thereof or adhesives thereto. based on elastomeric resins, or PVA, or EVA or acrylic, or polyurethane or epoxy or mixtures thereof, for the preparation of the final product, characterized as said pot of ornamental plants, obtained from long sisal fibers. It is important to note that these materials have a more efficient binding and bonding power than latex. Latex, in turn, is considered as an emulsion of rubber particles in water, with rubber contents that can vary from 25 to 50%, which have dimensions smaller than 1 ???, and obtained from tree species by process involving stem bleed, the most commonly used being from Hevea Brasiliensis. Importantly, the use of latex for making vessels, as reported in patent document BR8602062-5, is a more expensive and time consuming process, and furthermore involves the impregnation of the fibers and subsequent drying of the water present in the vessel. latex emulsion.

It is noteworthy that there are several materials available in the market that allow the manufacture of ornamental pots, however, these materials do not always meet the needs of different species of plants that could be accommodated for growth and maintenance in these pots, taking them in many cases unsuitable for certain types of plants. Examples of materials used in the manufacture of vessels present in the prior art are charcoal, pine bark, shredded coconut, pressed coconut fiber, cashew bark, pine knot, peroba bark, açaí stone, slate, baked clay, gravel, dolomite and some thermoplastics. A brief description of each of these materials will be given in order to present the disadvantages of the state of the art in relation to the present invention, namely said long sisal fiber vessel.

Vessels obtained from charcoal are suitable for use in humid climates, however, in dry climates it is necessary to add another substrate that has the function of retaining moisture and, in addition, needs fertilizers. frequent. Another disadvantage presented is that it does not allow proper fixation of the plant. It is also reported that due to its porosity, it tends to accumulate mineral salts, which impairs the growth of some plant species, and its manufacture is made from the cutting of trees of natural forests, which contributes to the process. of forest devastation. The useful life of these types of vessels is about 2 years, and after this period occurs the saturation of mineral salts, thus starting the crumbling process.

Pine bark is also used for pot production, which features good fertilizer retention and a reasonable tannin content. However, they are very brittle and decompose very fast, presenting as a disadvantage the inadequate fixation of the plant in the pot. The durability of this type of vase is quite short and its useful life is around one year. Shredded coconut, which is obtained from leftovers from the commercialization of water, has the characteristic of containing macro and micro nutrients that contribute to the growth and development of the plant. There are pots available on the market that do not have excess tannin, a substance that can burn the roots of plants. A disadvantage of these types of pots is that they do not properly retain the fertilizer, and, moreover, it is very lacking in nitrogen. Due to the high water retention characteristic, the use of these vessels is not recommended for cold and humid regions, as it may cause root rot. The maximum durability of vessels obtained from defibrated coconut is 3 years. Pressed coconut fiber is another material that has been used for making vessels, which is characterized as an industrialized product made from shredded coconut found in the form of vessels, small cubes, sticks, plates or fibers. Vessels made from pressed coconut fiber are ideal for use in warmer, drier regions. As an advantage, the characteristic of conserving acidity at a level considered good is presented; however, it has the ability to absorb enough moisture, thus leading to the process of soaking the pot and plant roots. Also, these pots do not properly retain the fertilizer and are still lacking in nitrogen. It is also emphasized that the presence of excess tannin can burn the roots, thus harming the growth of the plants, and its use in cold and humid regions is not recommended, since it retains a lot of water, thus contributing to the root rot. excess accumulated water. The cashew bark, characterized as a thick and hard bark, which prevents the growth of termites and the emergence of drills in the pots, and also allows the maintenance of adequate moisture, which facilitates the process of rooting the plant. Despite the advantages presented by this type of vase, the raw material is considered as a rarer material and easily decomposes due to moisture, heat and bacteria. In addition, it has a reasonable tannin content, which may be harmful to some plants. The pine knot, which is a bud that forms in the araucaria and harvested from the decaying pine stem, is also a raw material used for making ornamental vessels. Such pots have the advantage of having a long shelf life, do not have toxic substances in their composition, and therefore not harmful to the cultivated plant, however, such raw material is not very abundant, thus making the product quite costly. The same can be observed with the pots obtained from peroba bark, which despite having the advantage of great durability, is a high cost raw material due to low availability, and still has the characteristic of retaining little water, thus making it difficult to maintain the plant. Açaí stone, classified as a palm tree seed widely available in the Amazon region, has been used for the production of ornamental pots, as it has as characteristics the proper conservation of plant acidity, as it retains adequate amounts of fertilizer and moisture. and not have excess tannin or other toxic substances in its composition. However, it has the disadvantage of having a very complex production process and durability considered to be short when compared to vessels from long sisal fibers.

Among the ceramic materials used as raw material to obtain ornamental vases, we highlight slate, baked clay, gravel and dolomite. Slate is characterized as a stone, usually dark, mainly used for floor making. They have in their composition large amounts of iron, which contributes to plant growth, as well as assists in the flowering process. Due to their constitution, slate vessels do not retain water properly, thus hindering the process of growth and maintenance of plants. In turn, the pots obtained from the baked clay have characteristics of high porosity, thus conserving the acidity properly, retaining moisture and fertilization. In addition, they are well ventilated and have good support for the plant. Due to their composition, they are brittle and prone to fungal growth. The pots of gravel and dolomite have the advantage of allowing the good rooting of plants, however, can retain large amounts of salts from fertilizers, and because of this burn the tips of the roots of some plants considered as delicate.

In addition to ornamental vases produced from natural and ceramic raw materials, we also highlight the obtaining of these products from thermoplastics. Usually these vessels are made from recycled PVC, polypropylene and high density polyethylene material. They have adequate mechanical properties, but because it is a recycled material, its characteristics can vary greatly. The durability of these vessels may vary depending on the quality of the raw material used to make them. The disadvantages presented by these types of pots are the poor conservation of moisture in the roots of the plant, and yet, do not have good aeration.

Thus, considering the relevant documents contained in the state of the art, and reported in this document, it is noteworthy that the use of long sisal fibers for the production of an ornamental vase, whose main function is the growth, fixation and maintenance of Plants of different species, with appropriate characteristics for this purpose, since they present adequate nutrient retention after each fertilization process, are free of compounds and / or toxic substances that can be harmful to the plants, allow a good aeration of the roots, retain adequate amount for the growth of the plant, and allowed the firm support of the plant, proposed in this patent document, has the parameter of novelty, since until now no scientific or technical work reports the use of this process to obtain said vessel of long sisal fibers, the raw material being used totally renewed level and widely available in the world. It is further noted that the technology proposed in this patent document also has the other patentability criteria, such as inventive activity and industrial application, which are necessary for granting the required patent.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention patent (IP) aims to provide detailed technical information regarding the process of obtaining ornamental vessels, having as a raw material for the preparation of this product a fully biodegradable material widely available in the world. , long sisal fibers, through two main pathways, both characterized in a single incentive concept. One of the processes involves producing the long sisal fiber vessel using thermosetting resins for fiber impregnation. The other proposed mechanism for producing the long sisal fiber vessel is the use of fiber impregnating adhesives, thus resulting in two classes of compositions for use in the manufacture of sisal fiber ornamental vessels. Said sisal long fiber pot can be used as an organic medium for growing, adapting and maintaining ornamental plants of different species, gardening, agronomic engineering and in different environmental areas, in direct contact with plants, or with other materials. .

Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention is the process of producing ornamental vessels made from long sisal (Agave sisalaná) fibers, also known as agave, pita and / or sisal-agave, which is performed by impregnating the fibers. of sisal with thermosetting and / or adhesive resins, and can be used as an organic medium for growth, adaptation and maintenance of ornamental plants of different species. Thus, so that the process of the invention can be better understood and evaluated, its detailed description will be given below.

It is reported that the present invention is a description of the process for producing sisal fiber ornamental vessels using as the main raw material the long sisal fibers, which should preferably be 15 to 120 centimeters long, oriented and slightly needled, thus forming a homogeneous blanket, culminating in characterizing the process of obtaining ornamental vessels for growth, maintenance, adaptation and fixation of different plants. Thus, the sisal blanket elaborated from this process is used to manufacture the vase, constituting the vessel walls, characterized by being a porous material, thus allowing a good aeration of the roots of the plants, retaining water in adequate quantities, without causing the soaking of the pot's roots, fertilizer and soil. In addition, it is presented as a lightweight material with durability of more than five years, thus allowing the plant to be sustained with adequate firmness mainly due to the tangle of fibers. Importantly, sisal fiber is characterized as a renewable product, which has the characteristic of retaining nutrients after each fertilization process, and also has no components and / or toxic substances that can be detrimental to plant growth, bearing in mind that sisal culture does not use pesticides.

For the process of obtaining the ornamental vessels of sisal fibers, fibers of different qualities can be used, characterized as type A, B or C fibers, the fibers denominated as bushing fibers, originating from the sisal industrialization, as well as the fibers of field bushing. It is noteworthy that the presence of dust from parenchymal tissues or sisal mucilage together with the fibers does not compromise the use of this fiber for the production of ornamental vessels. These fibers, always long, that is, having lengths greater than 15 centimeters, may be in the form of loose fibers (beaten fibers), parallelized or combed fibers, fibers deposited in the form of needleless blankets, needled blankets and fibers in the form of screens.

In order to provide the descriptive sufficiency of the process in question, the following two different ways of obtaining ornamental vessels are described, using sisal fibers in their various presentations, highlighting that the two ways are covered in a single inventive concept. .

Ia Via - Impregnation of sisal fibers with thermosetting resins: Obtaining long sisal fiber vessels can be accomplished by the process of impregnating sisal fibers with thermosetting resins, using a brush or a spray or spray. Thus, sisal fibers, in their various presentations, such as fibers of different qualities, type A, B or C, industrial bushing fiber, field bushing fiber, oriented or slightly needled fibers, as well as with other treatments should be impregnated with thermosetting resins, which may preferably be unsaturated polyester (orthophthalic or isophthalic or isophthalic neopentyl or terephthalic), or vinyl ester resins or phenolic resins or epoxy resins, which contain their respective curing additives or cross-linking resins and additives to improve the final finish, which additives are comprised in the prior art. It is important to highlight that these additives, also called agents, used to promote the curing and final finishing of the vessels, are mixed in the resin before the fiber impregnation process. It is noteworthy that the additives for the curing process are specific to each resin type and influence the mechanical properties and resin cross-linking time. Additives to improve the finish may be particulate materials such as calcium carbonate, talc, caolin, silica, among others, dyes or pigments to change the color of the product and biocides, to prevent the appearance of molds, fungi, among others.

Continuing the description of the process, the sisal fibers, already impregnated with the resin and additives or curing and finishing agents, are subsequently compacted, preferably using a cold or hot press or piston and a mold which may also be cold. (room temperature) or hot (in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C). The molds used in the fiber compaction process are divided into two parts, concave and convex, respectively, and made of metal (carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or metal alloys). It is important to highlight that the type of resin used and the resin cure system are the factors that determine whether the processing should be cold or hot and its productivity, ie the temperature of the press or piston depends on the type. resin used in the fiber impregnation process. It is noteworthy that very reactive curing agents at room temperature should not be used when the process occurs in hot presses and pistons. However, it is reported that if this occurs, the material may crosslink before the fibers have acquired the final shape, and the resulting product will not be as desired.

It is further described that poorly reactive curing agents take a long time to react at room temperature and thus compromise process productivity. Thus, in this case, the curing process can be accelerated with the addition of substances called activators or accelerating agents, which are specific to each resin type. In addition, another way to accelerate the curing process of the few reactive agents is by raising the process temperature, i.e. by increasing the temperature (within a range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C) of the press and piston or both. The right choice of curing agent and finishing agents (calcium carbonate, talc, caolin, silica, among others, dyes or pigments to change the color of the product and biocides, to avoid the appearance of molds, fungi, among others) enables adequate processing time and good properties in the final product.

At the end of the process, which has been detailed in this patent document, a composition of the material (fibers and additives) used in the manufacture of said plant pot from long sisal fibers may contain: - Sisal fibers long, longer than 15 centimeters, between 40% and 98% by weight; Thermosetting resins, which may preferably be of unsaturated polyester (orthophthalic or isophthalic or isophthalic neopentyl or terephthalic), or vinyl ester resins or phenolic resins or epoxy resins, from 2% to 50% by weight; - Curing agents, specific for each resin type, from 0.05% to 4% by weight; - Finishing agents, specific for each type of resin, preferably using calcium carbonate, talc, caolin, silica, among others, dyes or pigments to change the color of the product and biocides, to avoid the appearance of molds, fungi among others, from 2% to 15% by weight;

Given what has been presented, it is important to report that the composition of the material and the process used will define the properties of the ornamental vase.

Hereinafter, the other way of making the vessels from the impregnation of sisal fibers is described. 2nd Way - Impregnation of sisal fibers with adhesives: In this type of process, impregnation occurs with the presence of adhesives. It is noteworthy that the inventive concept is the same, the only modification in the process is the type of material used for the impregnation of long sisal fibers for pot production, whose function is for accommodation, fixation and growth of plants of different species. From this process, the sisal fibers, in their various presentations, that is, fibers of different qualities, characterized as type A, B or C fibers, can be used, the fibers referred to as bushing fibers, derived from the sisal industrialization. , as well as field bushing fibers, should preferably be impregnated using a brush or spray or spray with adhesives based on elastomeric resins or PVA or EVA or acrylic or polyurethane or epoxy, in addition to incorporation. , where necessary, curing additives and final finishing enhancing additives, comprised in the state of the art and specific to each type of adhesive resin. Importantly, when curing additives or finishing additives are used, they must be mixed with the adhesives prior to the impregnation of the long sisal fibers. Therefore, after this impregnation, the fibers should be compacted, preferably using a cold or hot press or piston and a mold that can also be cold (room temperature) or hot (in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C). . The molds used in the fiber compaction process are divided into two parts, concave and convex, respectively, and made of metal (carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or metal alloys).

It is noteworthy that the type of adhesive used, as well as the adhesive solvent drying system, the adhesive cross-linking, when necessary, and the desired process productivity, are the factors that will determine if the processing should be performed. at cold (room temperature) or hot (between 50 ° C to 200 ° C) temperatures. It is reported that adhesives which have been dried in a short time, ie fast at room temperature, cannot be used on presses and pistons at elevated temperatures, ie hot (between 50 ° C to 200 ° C). However, it is described that if this occurs, the fibers may be adhered before acquiring the final form, and the resulting product will not be as desired.

It is also observed that the slow drying agents require a long time to undergo the adhesive solidification process when submitted to room temperature, thus compromising the process productivity. In this particular case, the curing process can be accelerated by incorporating additives as needed or by increasing the temperature of the press and piston. It is noteworthy that the correct choice of the type of adhesive, as well as the additives used in the process, allow an adequate time for processing and good properties in the final product.

At the end of the process, which has been detailed in this patent document, a composition of the material (fibers and additives) used in the manufacture of said plant pot from long sisal fibers may contain: - Sisal fibers long, longer than 15 centimeters, between 60% and 98% by weight; Adhesives which may preferably be based on elastomeric resins or PVA or EVA or acrylic or polyurethane or epoxy from 2% to 30% by weight; - Curing agents, specific for each resin type, from 0.05% to 4% by weight; - Finishing agents, specific for each type of resin, preferably using calcium carbonate, talc, caolin, silica, among others, dyes or pigments to change the color of the product and biocides, to avoid the appearance of molds, fungi among others, from 2% to 15% by weight; It is extremely important to point out that the description made so far for obtaining said long sisal fiber pot, as well as the description of the process and its use as an organic medium for growth, adaptation, fixation and maintenance of plants of different species in direct contact or with other materials refers to one of their preferred embodiments. It should, however, once again be made clear that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment, as those skilled in the art will immediately realize that changes and substitutions may be made within this inventive concept described herein. Accordingly, it cannot in any way be construed as limiting the invention, which is disclosed within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (7)

1. VASE OF LONG-FIBER SISAL AND PROCESS PRODUCTION PLANTS FOR THE SAME PROCESS characterized by using sisal fibers of different qualities, referred to as type A, B or C fibers, or using fibers designated as bushing fibers from sisal industrialization, as well as the field bushing fibers, or the mixture thereof, in different proportions, in a concentration range of 40 to 98% fiber in the vessel composition, oriented or slightly needled fibers, as well as with other treatments , which should be long, in lengths ranging from 15 to 120 cm, and preferably impregnated with thermosetting resins or adhesives, and may be added curing and finishing agents for the production of ornamental vessels for fixation. , growth and maintenance of plants of different species. VASE OF SYSAL LONG FIBER PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR THE SAME PRODUCTION according to Claim 1, characterized in that the process for obtaining long sisal fiber vessels can be performed by impregnating the sisal fibers with thermosetting resins. or adhesives using a brush or a spray or spray. VASE OF SYSAL LONG FIBER PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR THE SAME PRODUCTION according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it uses thermosetting resins for the impregnation process of the fibers, which may preferably be of unsaturated polyester of the orthophthalic type or isophthalic or isophthalic-neopentyl or terephthalic, or vinyl ester resins or phenolic resins or epoxy resins, or a mixture thereof, in a concentration range of 2 to 50% (w / w), which may contain their respective curing additives or crosslinking of the resins, which should preferably be used within a range of 0.05 to 4% (w / w) by weight. VASE OF LONG-FIBER SYSTEM PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR THE SAME PRODUCTION according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses additives or final finishing agents which must be mixed in the resin prior to the fiber impregnation process at a concentration of 2 15% (w / w), by weight, which must be specific for each type of resin, preferably using particulate materials such as calcium carbonate, talc, caolin, silica, among others, dyes or pigments to change the product color and biocides, to avoid the appearance of molds, fungi, among others, as well as the mixture of these. VASE OF SYSAL LONG FIBER PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it uses sisal fibers in a concentration of 60 to 98% by weight, impregnated with resin-based adhesives. elastomeric or PVA or EVA or acrylic or polyurethane or epoxy or a mixture thereof in a concentration range of 2 to 30% (w / w) by weight and incorporation, where appropriate, of additives for cure and additives to improve the final finish. VASE OF SYSAL LONG FIBER PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF according to Claim 1 or 5, characterized in that it utilizes curing additives or additives to improve the finish, dyes and biocides, where necessary, in a concentration range. 2 to 15%, be pre-mixed with the adhesives before the impregnation process of the long sisal fibers. VASE OF LONG-FIBER SYSTEM PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR THE SAME PRODUCTION according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the fibers are compacted after impregnation with resins or adhesives, with or without non-additives or curing and finishing agents, preferably using a cold or hot press or piston and a mold which may also be cold (room temperature) or hot (in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C) and the molds The fibers used in the fiber compaction process are preferably divided into two parts, concave and convex, respectively, and made of metal (carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or metal alloys).