BR102012031185A2 - PROTECTIVE DEVICE AND GUIDE FOR BONE TISSUE CUTTING - Google Patents

Abstract

DEVICE WITH PROTECTION AND GUIDE FOR CUTTING BONE TISSUE This object refers to an orthopedic retractor, with a guide to perform osteotomies in a precise and safe way, consisting of a handle to hold the instrument, a spatula to remove and protect the noble tissues , in addition to a guide to give direction and precision to the cut, guiding the position of the placement of the implants for subsequent fixation of the bone segments. It integrates 4 steps of the surgery with 1 instrument only (bone exposure, removal of structures> osteotomy and orientation of the plates).

Description

"PROTECTIVE DEVICE AND GUIDE FOR BONE TISSUE CUTTING"

The present invention relates to an orthopedic retractor with guide for performing accurate and safe osteotomies consisting of a handle to hold the instrument, a spatula to remove and protect muscle tissue, vessels and nerves, and a guide to give direction and precision when cutting, guiding the position of implant placement for subsequent fixation of bone segments.

Osteotomy is an orthopedic surgical procedure that allows the correction of bone defects through a cut of this bone and subsequent fixation of the segments in a better position. Currently this technique is widely used to correct

knee deformities with arthrosis and angular deviations in the lower limb.

The biomedical industry launches a large number of new devices such as retractors, guides, rods, pins, among others, which facilitate the surgical procedure. The most common orthopedic retractors on the market have the sole function of removing tissues to facilitate surgery and increase exposure.

of the bone. These instruments come in various formats and can be manual or self-static.

However, there are no instruments that allow the bone to be sectioned precisely and at the same time guarantee the exposure of the area to be operated, removing, protecting and preventing the injury of noble tissues.

Osteotomies are performed, with constant radiological control, through

incisions that allow the surgeon to move away from structures that cannot be injured and expose the bone portion to be cut to allow osteosynthesis (bone fixation) in the newly determined position.

Current techniques use metal retractors that make surgery difficult

because they are not transparent to x-rays preventing concomitant radiographic control. There is also a need for difficult-to-handle, unstable guides extending surgery time to the point that some surgeons prefer not to use them, at the risk of less accurate bone cutting and damage to noble tissues (blood vessels, nerves and muscles) and serious complications.

The present invention aims to reduce the risks inherent in the use of

procedure of bone tissue cutting. Presenting for this purpose a spatula that separates the tissues and vessels of the bone and protects them from the saw used in the cut. This invention allows the use of X-ray and gives the surgeon greater safety during cutting.

The instrument also has a guide attached to the chainsaw that gives

precision to the cut, with great practicality in its use, because it allows the orientation of the position in which the osteosynthesis plates should be placed. Its greatest advantage is to integrate 4 steps of surgery with only one instrument (bone exposure, removal of structures, osteotomy and orientation of the plates).

The other features of the present invention are: the saw guide is movable to facilitate adaptation to bones of different sizes.

- The spatula has slots to identify the progression and alignment of the X-ray saw.

- The spatula is not sharp to prevent it from cutting tissues and vessels, but has an edge that divuls the tissues by detaching them from the bone, as well as a geometry that protrudes.

adapts to the bone.

- The handle is ergonomic and allows the guide to be directed to the best position.

- the plate coupled to the guide simulates the position in which the definitive osteosynthesis material will be fixed.

- The plate is movable to facilitate the cutting procedure at different angles.

For a better explanation of the invention, follow the description of the figures:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the instrument complete with the handle and the spatula (A), the movable guide (B) and the plate itself (C).

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the shank (4) and the spatula (1) which will preferably be a single piece. In the spatula there will be cracks (2) and a graduation for the movable guide (3).

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view drawing attention to the opening of the movable guide (5), the spatula profile (6) and the hook (7).

Figure 4 shows some sections of the guide passage profiles (8 and 9) and the rod (10).

Figure 5 shows the two sections of the lower guide (11 and 12), saw opening (13) and plate housing (14).

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the movable guide (B) with the opening edges (18) rounded to facilitate entry of the saw into the guide.

Figure 7 is the plate (C) with the opening for the saw (16), the upper part for the

fixing (IS) and the holes for the pins (17).

Figure 8 shows the limited movement that the plate (C) must have in relation to the movable guide (B).

Figures 9 and 10 show a possible method of fixing the movable guide (C) with the device (D) and the toothed plate (E).

Figure 11 shows a possible fastening device (D) for the movable guide

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the instrument will consist of a part (A) formed by the rod (4) and the spatula (1) (Figure 2) with an opening (5) for the placement of the movable guide (B) . The movable guide will slide through the opening and its advance or retraction will be measured by the graduation (3). At the front of the guide there will be a notch (14) of the plate (C). The purpose of this plate is to provide orientation for subsequent fixation of the orthopedic implant and will not be fully fixed to allow bone cutting at different angles (Figure 8).

The material used in the parts of this instrument shall be resistant to stresses, permit repeated sterilization procedures and shall not be oxidizable.

The spatula (1) will not be sharp to damage the noble tissues and will have a curved profile (6) (Figure 3) to increase the area protected by the saw. Its geometry allows adaptation to the bone anatomy to provide greater stability during cutting. In its extension there will be slots (2) in order to differentiate 10 blade from the instrumental saw during radiological control and to control the advance and direction of this same saw, and the format of these slots (2) may vary as long as it does not lose its its purpose.

Between the spatula (1) and the cable (4) will be located the movable guide (B) that will be placed and slide through the opening (5). The distance between the tip of the spatula and the plate (C) can be measured by the graduation (3). This variation of measurement is important for the present object as it allows the surgeon to adapt the instrument to different bone sizes. As shown in Figure 4, the shape of the aperture (5) will preferably be of trapezoidal shape (8 and 9) to facilitate the attachment of the guide. The guide (B) can be fixed by spring, remembering that by vibration of the saw the 20 threaded connections can become an undesirable alternative. In Figure 9 and 10 it is possible to see a fastening form suitable for the present project, the system will be fixed by a toothed plate (E) and a spring device (D) shown in Figure 11.

The rod geometry will be ergonomic aiming at the grip of the cable to the surgical glove, comfort and ease of use for the surgeon. Its format is presented in Figure 4 by section (10).

Turning to Figure 2, another important feature of this invention is the hook

(7), where a weight will be placed to maintain the opening of the tissues, giving stability and eliminating the need for another auxiliary.

The movable guide (B) will have an opening (13) for the saw and its bottom

It will position the shape (11 and 12) (Figure 5) equivalent to the opening (5) for its insertion into the spatula. The edges (18) (Figure 6) of the saw opening will be rounded to facilitate insertion of the saw blade into the guide.

The plate shown in Figure 7 will have two projections (15), one at the top 35 and one at the bottom to be coupled to the guide (B). The measurements (geometry) of these protrusions and housings (14) should allow the movement of the plate (Figure 8) which, although limited, will facilitate bone cutting at different angles. Among other features, the board has the opening (16) for the passage of the saw and holes (17) for the placement of the pins. The plate should preferably be flexible 40 to facilitate its attachment to the housings (14). Through these pins the plate will be temporarily fixed to the bone.

Claims (7)

1. Protective device and guide for cutting bone tissue characterized by a more preferably single piece (A) containing a rod (4) and a spatula (1) with an opening (5) between them for placing and fixing the bone. movable guide (B) next to the plate (C); Made of materials that withstand the stresses and at the same time allow repeated sterilization procedures, non-oxidizing and radiolucent. Device with guiding and guiding for cutting bone tissue according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be used in different surgical procedures, in different limbs and in humans or other living beings. Protective device and guide for cutting bone tissue according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a preferably curved (6) and non-cutting spatula profile (1) has a plurality of slots (2) in its surface. upper surface, preferably rectangular and may have other shapes as long as it maintains its purpose of guiding and differentiating the saw by radiological control. Protective device and guide for cutting bone tissue according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an opening (5) between the spatula (1) and the stem (4) is in the most preferably trapezoidal and less preferably straight shape. that facilitates the fixation and movement of the guide (B). Protective device and guide for cutting bone tissue according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a movable guide (B) will be fixed and slide through the opening (5), its lower shape (11 and 12) respect the shape of this opening (5); a slot (13) at its upper part for the passage of the cutting saw, where its edges, more preferably rounded, preferably chamfered and less preferably in a sharp corner, should facilitate the entry of the saw into opening (13) of guide (B). ); housings (14) in the guide for placing the plate (C) allowing limited movement of this plate (C) relative to the movable guide (B); fixation of this movable guide (B) to the part (A) so that the vibration of the saw does not affect its joining, preferably by spring effect and less preferably by threaded fixings or pins. Bone tissue cutting device with guide and guiding according to claim 5, characterized in that a plate (C) is more preferably flexible enough to allow it to be placed in the housings (14) of the movable guide (B). aid of other fasteners, with protrusions (15) on the top and bottom of the plate (C) where the shape allows limited movement of the plate (C) relative to the movable guide (B); and its shape more preferably crosswise, preferably rectangular and less preferably circumferential, allowing the location of an opening (16) for the passage of the saw and the location of a plurality of holes (17) for the insertion of guide pins. Protective device and guide for cutting bone tissue according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an ergonomic rod (4) with a shape and surface suitable for its use in order to adhere the rod to the surgical glove, comfort and ease of use, and at its end there is preferably a hook-shaped object for weight support.